UC-NRLF 


LIBRARY  OF  TRIBUNE  EXTRAS. 


VOL.   I. 


MAY    1889. 


NO.   5. 


CELEBRATED     I^T     NEW-YORK 

APRIL    29,  30-MAY    1,    1889. 


President  Harrison   Enterlns?   the   City  Hall— View   from  The  Tribune   Building. 


OESIDITIOIV. 


$2   a   Year,  Single    Copies,  .  25    Ce.nts, 


THE      THIIU'NE      ASSOCIATION;  : 

NEW-YORK. 


THE  CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION  IN  NEW  YORK. 


ILLUSTRATIONS  REPRODUCED  FROM  THE  NEW  YORK  GRAPHIC 


THE    ARRIVAL    OF    PRESIDENT    HARRISON. 

THE    DESPATCH    PASSING   THE   MEN-OF-WAR. 


THE    EXERCISES    AT    THE    SUB-TREASURY    BUILDING 

3 G 6239 


SMMB  ^  w 


THE    PARADE    PASSING    THE    ARCH    AT    WASHINGTON    SQUARE. 


THE    GREAT     MILITARY     PARADE    PASSING    THE    REVIEWING    STAND    AT 

MADISON    SQUARE. 


HAIL   COLUMBIA. 


THE    PILGRIM    FATHERS. 


THE    FAIRIES. 


THE    BREWERS. 


COMMERCE. 


SOME    OF    THE    FLOATS    IN    WEDNESDAY'S    GREAT    CIVIC    PARADE. 


MARYLAND. 


TRIUMPH    OF   WAGNER. 


A    TEA   CARAVAN. 


SOME    OF    THE    FLOATS    IN    WEDNESDAY'S    GREAT    CIVIC 


WASHINGTON    CROSSING    THE    DELAWARE. 


WASHINGTON    AT    VALLEY    FORGE. 


LANDING   OF   HUDSON. 


WASHINGTON'S  FAREWELL. 


Til    Inn 
,  A  •  i  J  -fl  J 


NEW    AMSTERDAM. 


WASHINGTON  S    FAREWELL. 


SOME    OF    THE    FLOATS    IN    WEDNESDAY'S    GREAT    CIVIC    PARADE. 


>  OF 


({UHIVBaSlTYI, 


VOL.   I. 


MAY,   1889. 


NO.   5, 


THE    WASHINGTON    CENTENARY 


NEW-YOBK:   1789—1889. 


JVo  nobler  figure  ever  stood  in  the  forefront  of 
«  nation's  life.  Washington  was  grave  and  court 
eous  in  address ;  his  manners  were  simple 
and  unpretending  ;  his  silence  and  the  serene 
calmness  of  his  temper  spoke  of  a  perfect  self- 
niastery  ;  but  there  was  little  in  his  outer  bear 
ing  to  reveal  the  grandeur  of  soul  which  lifts  his 
figure,  with  all  the  simple  majesty  oj  an  ancient 
statue,  out  of  the  smaller  passions,  the  meaner 
imjntlses  of  the  world  around  him.  It  was  only 
as  the  weary  fight  went  on  that  the  colonists 
harned,  little  by  little,  the  greatness  of  their 
leader— his  clear  judgment,  his  heroic  endurance, 
his  silence  under  difficulties,  his  calmness  in  the 
hour  of  danger  or  defeat,  the  patience  with  ivhich 
he  waited,  the  quickness  and  hardness  with  which 
he  struck,  the  lofty  and  serene  sense  of  duty  that 
never  swerved  from  its  task  through  resentment  or 
jealousy,  that  never  through  war  or  peace  felt  the 
touch  of  a  meaner  ambition,  that  knew  no  aim 
save  that  of  guarding  the  freedom  of  his  fellow- 
countrymen,  and  no  personal  longing  save  that 
of  returning  to  his  own  fireside  when  their  free 
dom  icas  secured.  It  was  almost  unconsciously 
that  men  learned  to  cling  to  Washington  with  a 
trust  and  faith  such  as  few  other  men  have  won, 
and  to  regard  him  with  a  reverence  which  still 
hushes  us  in  presence  of  his  memory. — [J.  R. 
GREEN  ;  History  of  the  English  People. 


visitors  from  every  part  of  the  United  States. 
In  response  to  pressing  demands  from  hundreds 
of  readers  of  The  Tribune  the  complete  nar 
rative  of  the  three  days'  celebration  is  re 
printed  herewith  from  the  daily  files  in  order 
to  enable  those  who  took  part  in  this  great 
demonstration  of  American,  patriotism  to  have 
in  convenient  form  a  permanent  record  and 
souvenir  of  the  religious  services,  literary  exer 
cises,  the  naval,  military  and  trades  parades, 
the  official  receptions,  the  ball,  banquets,  and 
all  other  features  of  these  memorable  festiv 
ities.  To  these  descriptive  articles  are  added 
a  series  of  historical  reminiscences  and  a  full 
account  of  the  preliminary  work  of  organiza 
tion  which  opened  the  way  for  a  celebration  of 
magnificent  proportions,  worthy  in  all  respects 
of  the  metropolis  and  the  American  Hep ub lie. 


The  series  of  American  Centennial  Celebra 
tions  beginning  with  that  of  the  Battle  of  Lex 
ington,  in  1875,  and  including  the  signing  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  the  surrender 
at  Yorktown,  the  evacuation  of  New- York  by 
the  British  forces,  and  the  completion  of  the 
Constitution,  was  closed  by  the  one  hundredth 
anniversary  of  Washington's  first  Inauguration 
on  April  30.  The  last  and  most  impressive 
ceremonies  of  the  historic  series  were  witnessed 
in  New- York  City  by  more  than  a  million 


"  When  I  first  read  in  detail  the  life  of 
Washington,  I  was  profoundly  impressed  with 
the  moral  elevation  and  greatness  of  his  character, 
and  1  found  muse' f  at  a  loss  to  name  among  the 
statesmen  of  any  age  or  country  many,  or  pos 
sibly  any,  who  could  be  his  rival.  In  saying  this 
I  mean  no  disparagement  to  the  class  of  poli 
ticians,  the  men  of  my  own  craft  and  cloth,  whom, 
in  my  own  land,  and  my  own  experience,  1  have 
found  no  less  worthy  than  other  men  of  love  and 
of  admiration.  1  could  name  among  them  those 
who  seem  to  me  to  come  near  even  to  him.  But  1 
will  shut  out  the  last  half  century  from  the  com 
parison.  T  will  then  say  that  if,  among  all  the 
pedestals  supplied  by  history  for  public  charac 
ters  of  extraordinary  nobility  and  purity,  1  saw 
one  higher  than  all  the  rest,  and  if  1  were  re 
quired  at  a  moment's  notice  to  name  the  fittest 
occupant  for  it,  I  think  my  choice  at  any  time 
during  tJie  last  forty-fire  years  would  have 
lighted,  as  it  would  now  light,  upon  Washington." 
— [W.  E.  GLADSTONE. 


-  5 ."'  S*«  :  V.'-  '     $HEl5  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


SCHEME  OF  ORGANIZATION. 


SCOPE  OF  THE  CELEBRATION. 


THE  CENTENNIAL  COMMITTEES. 


PRELIMINARY       ARRANGEMENTS       FOR       WHAT 

PROVED  IN  THE  END  A  MEMORABLE  DEMON- 

STRATION   OF    AMERICAN    PATRIOTISM. 

The  initiative  for  the  Centennial  Celebration  was 
taken  by  the  New-York  Historical  Society  at  its 
stated  meeting  of  March  4.  3  884.  when  the  fol 
lowing  resolutions  were  adopted  by  the  members 
present : 

Resolved,  That  the  New-York  Historical  Society 
will  celebrate  the  Centennial  anniversary  of  the  In 
auguration  of  George  Washington  as  President  of  the 
United  States  on  the  30th  day  of  April,  1789. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  referred  to  the  Executive 
Committee  to  take  such  action  as  may  be  necessary 
and  expedient,  and  in  due  time  report  a  plan  to  carry 
out  the  purpose  of  the  society  in  a  manner  suitable 
to  the  occasion— the  commemoration  of  the  most  im 
portant  event  in  the  history  of  the  city,  the  State  and 
the  Nation. 

For  the  part  played  by  the  "  Sons  of  the  Revolu 
tion,"  see  page  121. 

March  4,  1886,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce  of  New-York  Nathaniel  Niles  offered 
similar  resolutions  to  those  of  the  Historical  So 
ciety,  and  a  committee  was  appointed  by  the  Chair 
to  consider  what  action  should  be  ta?  vn  by  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  to  secure  a  proper  cele 
bration  of  what  was  pronounced  the  most  im 
portant  incident  in  the  history  of  the  Nation. 
The  committee  was  as  follows:  Richard  A.  Mc- 
Curdy,  Nathaniel  Niles.  Daniel  C.  Robbins.  Charles 
S.  Smith  and  William  II.  Roberts. 

This  committee  made  its  report  on  April  1  the 
same  year,  recommending  that  steps  should  be 
taken  to  have  April  30,  1889.  made  a  National 
holiday;  that  Congress  be  asked  to  appropriate 
money  for  the  celebration,  and  that  the  co-opera 
tion  of  the  Governor  of  New- York,  the  Mayor, 
Aldermen  and  citizens  of  this  city  and  the  Gov 
ernors  of  all  the  States  be  invited.  This  is  a 
general  outline  of  the  plan  which  was  actually 
adopted,  and  on  May  6  the  president  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  appointed  the  following 
well-known  citizens  as  a  special  committee  to 
prepare  the  details  for  the  celebration : 

THE    PRELIMINARY    COMMITTEE. 


!  «md  one  who  gave  many  valuable  hints  and  much 
I  useful  aid  was  Colonel  Jesse  E.  Peyton,  of  Huddon- 
tield.  N.  J..  at  whose  suggestion  the  Committee 
of  Chi/ens  of  New-York  was  organized.  Colonel 
:  Peyton  had  taken  an  active  part  in  previous 
centennial  celebrations,  notably  that  at  Xork- 
town,  and  the  benefits  of  his  experience  were 
given  freely  to  those  who  were  laboring  with  him. 
He  drew  up  the  call  to  citizens,  which  was  ap 
proved  by  such  as  had  already  taken  an  interest 
in  the  proposed  celebration,  and  the  signatures 
which  appeared  on  the  original  call  were  the 
following : 


Algernon  S.   Sullivan, 
James  C.  Spencer. 

B.  H.     Bristow, 
Elbridge   T.    Gerry, 
Wilson  G.   Hunt, 
Charles   George   Wilson, 
Joseph.  II.  Choate, 

F.  R.   Coudert, 
John  Jay  Knox, 
Henry  Hall, 
George  W.  McLean, 

C.  N.    Jordan, 
O.    D.    Baldwin, 
Richard   W.    Gilder, 
Henry  E.   Russell, 
Sargent    &    Co., 

A.   C.   Cheney, 
Donald  Mackay, 
Edward  Schell, 
Brayton  Ives, 

G.  G.   Williams, 
William  P.    Clyde, 
A.  D.  Shepard, 
John  S.    Kennedy, 
Richard   King, 
William  H.   Tillinghast, 
Robert  Olyphant, 

J.  Pierpont  Morgan, 
Thomas   C.    Acton, 
C.    W.    Starkey, 
E.    P.    Olcott, 
Edwards  Pierrepont, 


William  Allen  Butler, 

Charles  M.  Fry, 

John  A.   Stewart, 

•J.  D.  Vermilye, 

F.   D.    Tappen, 

Horace  Porter, 

Levi  P.  Morton, 

D.  Huntingtou, 

Chauncey  M.  Depew, 

J.    J.    Astor, 

Edward  S.  Jaffray, 

William  H.  Appleton, 

John  Claflin, 

Lawrence   &  Co., 

Alfred  Ray, 

Walter  H.  Lewis, 

William   C.    Langley, 

A.   D.   Juilliard, 

W.  L.  Strong, 

Tefft,  Weller  &  Co., 

Sweetser,   Pembrook  &  Co., 

John   F.    Plummer, 

H.    R.    Bishop, 

D.  O.  Mills, 

S.   V.- White. 

Richard  S.    Storrs, 

Henry  E.  Pierrepont, 

Ripley   Ropes, 

John  W.   Hunter, 

Gordon    L.    Ford, 

A.  A.  Low, 


COMMITTEE  OF  CITIZENS,  NEW- YORK. 


H.  W.  Cannon, 
James  D.  Smith, 
George  H.  Potts, 
William    Dowd, 
D.    A.  Heald, 
Henry  A.   Oakley, 
B.   S.  Walcott, 
David  Adee, 
John  H.  Washburn, 
Charles  Lanier, 
J.  A.  Bostwick, 
Norvin  Green, 
Richard  A.  McCurdy, 
Tiffany  &  Co., 
Cornelius  N.  Bliss, 


Edward  Cooper, 

American  Bank  Note  Co.,  by 

J.  Macdonough,  Pres., 
Samuel  Carpenter, 
Elliott  F.  Shepard, 
Thomas  L.   James, 
John  H.  Flagg, 
L.  J.  N.  Stark, 
William  Jay, 
George  F.  Baker, 
Franklin  Edson, 
Gustav  Schwab, 
James  F.  Wenman, 
D.   F.   Appletqn, 
John   Newton, 


Gorham   Manufacturing   Co.,    C.  H.  De  Lamater, 

by  Edward  Holbrook,  G..  H.  Robinson, 

j  The 'Singer  Mfg.  Co.,  F.  G.    George  S.  Coe, 

Bourne.   Sec.,  Logan  C.  Murray, 
I   Meriden  Britannia  Co.,  John    James  Swann, 

G.    Bacon,    M'g'r.,  A.  R.  Whitney, 

1   Wm.  Woodward,  jr.,  W.  Rockhill  Potts, 

;   C.  J.   Canda,  H.  W.  Webb, 

I    A.  E.  Bateman,  J.  H.  Van  Antwerp, 

|   Joseph  W.  Harper,  John  King, 

I    Daniel  Manning,  Roscoe  Conkling, 

!    Samuel  D.  Babcock,  Henry  Villard, 

1   William  P.   Dixon,  W.  H.  Starbuck, 

W.  E.   Dodge,  Van  Rensselaer  Kennedy. 


Jackson   S.    Schultz, 
Enoch  L.   Fancher, 
Gustav    Schwab, 
John   Sloan. 
Leg  rand    B.    Cannon, 
Orh'.ndo    B.    Potter, 
Cornelius    N.     Bliss, 
William    E.    Dodge, 
William    B.    Dinsmore, 
Ki-astus    Wiman, 
Charles  Watrous, 
Vernon    H.   Brown. 


Levl  P.  Morton, 
Samuel    D.    Babcock, 
Nathaniel    Nik1.'. 
Richard    A.    McCurdy. 
Daniel    C.    Robbins, 
Franklin  Ed  son, 
Chauncey  M.  Depew, 
Henry    Ileutz, 
A.    Foster    Ilipctns, 
l^ancis  B.   Thurber, 
Benjamin    G.     Arnold, 
John    II.    Inir.yn, 
William  H.   Robertson, 

James  M.  Brown,  president  of  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  was  unanimously  chosen  as  chairman  of 
the  committee.  One  of  the  leading  spirits  of 
the  movement  was  the  late  Algernon  S.  Sullivan, 


BROOKLYN. 


A.   E.   Orr, 

Charles  A.  Townsend, 

Henry  W.  Maxwell, 


H.   C.  Duval, 
Richard  Ma.ior, 
Joseph  F.  Knapp. 


The  meeting  took  place  at  the  Fifth  Avenue 
Hotel  November  10,  1887,  with  Mayor  Hewitt 
in  the  chair.  The  Mayor  delivered  an  address 
approving  of  the  proposed  celebration,  and  point 
ing  out  many  good  reasons  why  the  movement 
should  be  carried  out  on  a  grand  scale.  Gordon 
L.  Ford  and  Clarence  W.  Bowen  were  elected 
secretaries.  Algernon  S.  Sullivan  offered  resolu 
tions  which  were  adopted  after  amendment!?  in 
which  the  Mayor  was  requested  to  appoint  a; 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


committee  of  thirteen  to  confer  with  the  com 
mittees  of  the  Historical  Society  and  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce,  the  Mayor  himself  to  he  chairman. 
A  patriotic  address  in  support  of  the  resolutions 
and  of  the  general  plan  of  the  celebration  was 
then  delivered  by  Hampton  L.  Carson,  of  Phila 
delphia,  secretary  of  the  Constitutional  Centennial 
Commission,  who  was  present  by  invitation,  and 
Mayor  Hewitt  named  the  following  as  the  Citizens' 
Committee :  Daniel  F.  Tieman,  Smith  Ely,  jr., 
Edward  Cooper,  William  H.  Wickham,  Franklin 
Edson,  William  B.  Grace,  Allan  Campbell,  Charles 
P.  Daly,  Stuyesant  Fish,  Elbridge  T.  G^rry,  Will 
iam  G.  Hamilton,  Gouverneur  Morris,  jr.,  Philip 
Schuyler. 

The  committee  of  the  Historical  Society  were: 
John  A.  King,  chairman ;  Jacob  B.  Moore,  secre 
tary  ;  John  Jay,  John  D.  Jones,  John  S.  Kennedy, 
Edward  F.  de  Lancey,  Robert  E.  Livingston, 
George  H.  Moore,  Robert  B.  Roosevelt,  Charles 
H.  Russell,  jr.,  Robert  Schell,  Cornelius  Vander 
bilt,  Andrew  Warner,  John  A.  Weeks. 

Subsequently  the  Hon.  Hamilton  Fish,  ex^ 
Secretary  of  State,  was  elected  president  of  the 
General  Committee,  .which  was  limited  to  200, 
and  Clarence  W.  Bowen  was  made  permanent 
secretary.  The  committee  of  200  as  finally 
organized  comprised  the  following  names: 

COMMITTEE  OF  TWO  HUNDRED. 


Smith,  James  D.. 
Smith,  F.  II., 
Smith,  William  C., 
Stedman,  Edmund  0. 
Steinway,  William, 
Stoddaid,  Richard  u. 
Stokes,   Wm.  E.  D. 
Stuyvesant,  Rutherford 
Stewart,  Lispenard 
Stanton,    Walter 
Mev.Mis     John    Austin, 
Btandiah,    Myles 
Strong,    William    L 
Stuy  vcsant,     Robei  t 
Tallmadge,    Frederick  S. 
Tappan,    Frederick    D., 
Tieman,    Daniel   F. 
Tomllnson,  Jokn  C.. 
Tucker,    John    J., 
Vanderbilt,    Cornelius, 
Vanderbilt,    William    K. 
Van  Buren,   Travis  Col 
Van    Courtland.    James 


Varnum,    James  M     ' 
Warner,    Andrew, 
Webb,    Alexander  S.. 
Webb,   G.   CreighU,n, 
Weeks,  Johu    A.. 
Wmian,   Erastus, 
Winchester,  Locke  W. 
Wilson,    Richard  T., 
Winthrop,    Buchanan. 
Winthrop     Egerton   L., 
Wilson,    James    Grant, 
Wilson,    George, 
Wright,    Stephen    M., 


Adams,  Charles  H., 
Allen,  Charles  F., 
Anderson.  E.  Ellery, 
Arthur,  Chester  Alan 
Astor,  William  Waldorf, 
Auchmuty,  Richard  T., 
Babcock,  Samuel  D., 
Barnes,  John  S., 
Barlow,  S.  L.  M., 
Beach,  Captain  Warren  C., 
Benjamin,  Frederick  A., 
Beekrnaii,  J.  W.. 
Beekman,  William  B., 
Belknap,  Robert  Lenox, 
Bliss,  George, 
Bliss,  Cornelius  N., 
Bird,  John  H., 
Bissel,  William  H.f 
Borrowe,  Samuel, 
Boyesen,  H.  H., 
Boweu,  Clarence  W., 
Brown,  James  M., 
Burnet,  James  J., 
Campbell,  Allan, 
Cadwalader,  John  L., 
Cantor,  lion.  Jacob  A., 
Carter,  James  C., 
Carleton,  Henry  Guy, 
Cheney,  Alfred  C., 
Clinton,  Alexander  James, 
Clarkson,  Colonel  Floyd, 
Clarkson,  Frederick, 
Clarkson,  Banyer, 
Clailin,  John, 
Coe,  Charles  A., 
Conway,  Moncure  D., 
Conkling,  Alfred  R., 
Connor,  Washington  E. 
Constable,  James  M., 
Cooper,  Edward, 
Cochrane,  General  John, 
Coudert,  Frederick  R., 
Cruikshank,  Edwin  A.., 
Cruger,    S.  Vaji  Rensselaer. 
Crosby,  William  Henry, 
Cutting,  W.  Bayard, 
Daly,  Charles  P., 
Dayton,  Charles  W., 
Davies,  Richard  T., 
Depew.  Chauncey  M.. 
De  Peyster,  Frederick  J.. 
De  Lancey,  Edward  F., 
De  Witt,  George  G., 
De  Witt,   Richard  V-, 
Di  Cesnola,  L.  P.. 


Keese,  William  Linn, 

Kelly,  Eugene, 

Kins.  John  A., 

King,  Rufus, 

Knox,  Alexander, 

Knox,  John  J., 

Lawrence,  Frank  R 

Leary,    Arthur, 

Ledyard,  Henry  Brockholsft, 

LeRoy.  Henry  W., 

Livingston,  Johnston, 


Loew,   Edward  V. 
Marquand,  Henry  G. 
McAllister,  Ward 
^cCurdy,   Riehftid  A., 
Millet,  Frank  D. 
Mills,  Darius  O., 
Moore,  Jacob  B., 
Moore,  Thomas  S., 
Montgomery,  James  M., 
Morris,   Gouverneur 
Morris,  Louis  G., 
Morgan,  J.  Pierpont, 
Morton,   Levi  P., 
Myers,  Theodore  W. 
Newbold,   Thomas  H., 
Nicoll,  De  Lancey, 
Olin,  Stephen  H., 
Ottendorfer,   Oswald, 
Parsons,  Charles, 
Perry,    Oliver   H., 


Drake,   A.  W., 
Edson,  Franklin, 
Ehlers.  Edw.  M.  L., 


nn 

Pierrepont,    John  J., 
Plummer,  John  F., 
Potter,  Orlando  B., 
Rhinelander,  Frederick  W 
Roosevelt,  Robert  R 
Roosevelt,  Theodore/' 
Robb,  J.  Hampden 
Robertson,  Wm.  H 
Russell,  Chas.  H.,  jr. 
Rutfer,  Robert 
Schell,   Robert, 
Scheil,  Edwaid, 
Schermerhorn,  F.   A-. 
Schultz,  Jackson  S.. 
Schuyler,  John, 
Schuyler,  Philip, 
Seligman,  Jesse, 
Seward,  Clarence  A., 
Shannon,  Robert  H. 
Sherman,   Gardiner 
Sims,  Clifford  S., 
Simmons,  J.  E., 
Sloane,  John, 
Sloane,  William  D., 
Slote,  Henry  L., 


Emmet,  Thomas  Addis, 
Erben,  Captain  Henry, 
Evarts,   Wm.  M.. 
Farracut.  Loyall. 
Fish,   Stuyvesant, 
Fish,    Hamilton, 
Fitzgerald,  Louis, 
Fisk.   Josiah  M.. 
Ford,   Gordon  L-. 
Gallatin,  Frederick. 
Gardiner,  Asa  Bird. 
Genet.  Georere  Clinton. 
Gedney.  William  H.. 
Gerry.  Elbridce  T.. 
Gilder.  Richard  W-. 
Goelet.  Ogden, 
Goelet.  Robert. 
Grant.  Hueh  J.. 
Grace.  Wm.   R., 
Haven,  George  G., 
Hamilton.   Schuyler, 
Hamilton,  William  G.. 
Hart.   Chas.  Henry. 
Hauselt,  Chas., 
Hewitt.  Abram  S.. 
Hendricks,  Edmund, 
Hlscock.  Hon.  Frank, 
Huntington.  Daniel. 
Husted,  Hon.  James  W.. 
Hyde.  Henry  B.. 
Isham,  Charles, 
Iselin,  Adrian 
Ives,   Braybon. 
Jackson,  Joseph  0., 
James,  D.  Willis, 
Jay,  William, 
Jay,  John, 
Jones,  John  D.  W., 
Kane,  S.  Nicholson, 

At  the  fifth  meeting  of  the  General  Committee, 
held  in  the  Governor's  Room  at  the  City  Hall,  Jan 
uary  11,  1888,  John  A.  King,  president  of  the  His 
torical  Society,  announced  that  the  Hon.  Hamilton 
Fish  had  consented  to  act  as  president  of  the  com 
mittee,  and  Mayor  Hewitt  appointed  the  following 
as  the  Centennial  Executive  Committee,  with  El- 
bridge  T.  Gerry  as  chairman :  Abram  S.  Hewitt, 
John  T.  Hoffman,  John  A.  King,  Cornelius  N. 
Bliss.  Seth  Low,  Frederick  S.  Tallmadge.  Cornelius 
Vanderbilt,  Orlando  B.  Potter,  Asa  Bird  Gardiner. 
John  Cochrane,  James  M.  Varnum,  Rutherford 
Stuyvesant,  William  G.  Hamilton,  Charles  W.  Day 
ton,  Stuyvesant  Fish,  George  G.  Haven,  Louis  Fitz 
gerald,  James  M.  Montgomery,  J.  Tallmadge  Van 
Rensselaer,  Philip  Schuyler,  Brayton  IvesJ 
J.  Hampden  Robb,  Jacob  B.  Moore.  Theodore 
Roosevelt,  James  C.  Carter,  and  Clarence  W. 
Bowen,  secretary. 

On  February  3  Mr.  Gerry  submitted  an  outline 
of  the  plan  and  scope  of  the  celebration, 
which  was  extremely  modest  as  compared 
with  the  final  arrangements.  He  thought 
one  day,  April  30,  would  suffice  for  the 
demonstration,  with  the  exception  perhaps  of  a 
Naval  review  in  the  Bay  on  the  afternoon  of  the 
preceding  day.  The  trade  and  military  parades 
were  to  be  combined;  the  services  at  the  Sub- 
Treasury,  the  memorial  exhibition  of  relics  and 
historic  portraits,  the  banquet  and  other  features, 
which  surpassed  the  forecasts  of  the  projectors, 
were  first  heard  of  at  this  time. 

From  the  spring  of  last  year  until  the  com 
pletion  of  the  celebration,  Mr.  Gerry  labored  con- 
stantly  to  make  the  Centennial  demonstration 
worthy  of  the  occasion.  It  was  largely  through 
his  efforts  and  example  that  subscriptions  were 
raised,  and  he  was  instrumental  in  having  the 
bills  introduced  in  the  Legislature  authorizing 
State  and  City  appropriations  and  making  April 
30  a  legal  holiday.  Through  his  activity  also 
the  various  committees  were  put  in  working  form, 
and  the  duties  so  divided  that  even  in  the  rush 
of  the  closing  weeks  of  preparation,  the  business  of 
the  committees  went  along  with  order  and  smooth 
ness.  The  men  who  did  the  heavy  work  and 
deserve  special  mention  are  Clarence  W.  Bo  wen, 
general  secretary,  and  the  chairmen  and  mem 
bers  of  the  following  working  committees: 

No.  1— Plan  and  Scope.— Hugh  J.  Grant,  chair 
man  ;  Abram  S.  Hewitt,  James  M.  Varnum,  Cor- 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


nelius    N.    Bliss,    Frederick   S.    Tallmadge,    Sam 
uel  D.  Babcock,  Clarence  W.  Bowen,  secretary. 

No.  2— States.— William  G.  Hamilton,  chairman  ; 
James  C.  Carter,  John  Schuyler,  J.  Tallmadge  Van 
Rensselaer,  James  W.  Husted,  Theodore  Roosevelt, 
Jacob  A.  Cantor,  E.  Ellery  Anderson,  Floyd  Clark- 
son,  Henry  W.  LeRoy,  John  B.  Pine,  Samuel 
Borrowe,  James  M.  Montgomery,  secretary. 

No.  3— General  Government. — John  A.  King, 
chairman ;  John  Jay,  Edward  Cooper,  William  H. 
Wickham,  William  R.  Grace,  Frederick  J.  De 
Peyster,  William  H.  Robertson,  Cornelius  Vander- 
foilt,  William  M.  E^arts.  Frank  Hiscock,  Setli 
Low,  secretary. 

No.  4—  Army  (Military  and  Industrial  Parade).— 
S.  Van  Rensselaer  Cruger,  chairman;  John  Coch- 
rane,  Locke  W.  Winchester,  J.  Hampden  Robb, 
Frederick  Gallatin,  Frederick  D.  Tappen,  John  C. 
Tomlinson.  secretary. 

No.  5— Navy.— Asa  Bird  Gardiner,  chairman; 
John  S.  Barnes,  George  G.  Haven,  Jackson  S. 
Schultz,  D.  Willis  James,  Frederick  R  Coudert, 
Captain  Henry  Erben,  U.  S.  N.,  Ogden  Goelet, 
John  Jay  Pierrepont,  Loyall  Farragut,  Alfred  C. 
Cheney/Buchanan  Winthrop,  S.  Nickolson  Kane, 
secretary. 

No  6— Entertainment.— Stuyvesant  Fish,  chair 
man  :  William  Waldorf  Astor,  William  K.  Van- 
dorbilt,  William  Jay,  Egerton  L.  Winthron,  Robert 
Goelet,  Gouverne;  r  Morris,  William  B.  Beekman, 
S.  L.  M.  Barlow,  Stephen  H.  Olin,  William  E.  D. 
Stokes,  Ward  McAllister,  secretary  and  manager. 

No  7— Finance.— Brayton  Ives,  chairman; 
Darius  O.  Mills,  Richard  T.  Wilson,  William  L. 
Strong,  Henry  B.  Hyde,  James  M.  Brown,  Louis 
Fitzgerald.  Allan  Campbell,  John  Sloane,  James 
D  Smith,  Edward  V.  Loew,  Eugene  Kelly,  Walter 
Stanton,  John  F.  Plummer,  J.  Edward  Simmons, 
John  J.  Knox,  DeLancey  Nicoll,  secretary. 

No  8— Railroads  and  Transportation.— Orja<ndo 
B  Potter,  chairman ;  Chauncey  M.  Depew,  Erastus 
Wiman,  Charles  W.  Dayton,  Josiah  M.  Fisk,  Clif 
ford  Stanley  Sims,  Thomas  S.  Moore,  James  Duane 
Livingston,  secretary. 

No.  9— Art  and  Exhibition.— Henry  G.  Mar- 
quand,  chairman  ;  Gordon  L.  Ford,  vice-chairman  ; 
Daniel  Huntingtpn,  F.  Hopkinson  Smith,  William 
E  Dodge,,  Charles  Parsons,  A.  W.  Drake  Oliver 
II  Perry,  Frank  D.  Millet,  H.  II.  Boyesen,  Charles 
Ilenrv  Hart,  Rutherford  Stuyvesant,  John  L.  Cad- 
walader,  Lispenard  Stewart,,  Charles  H.  Russell, 
jr.,  Richard  W.  Gilder,  secretary. 

No.  10— Literary  Exercises.— Elbridge  T.  Gerry, 
chairman;  Clarence  W.  Bowen,  secretary. 

Upon  his  accession  fo  office  Mayor  Grant  be 
came  chairman  of  the  General  Committee,  but  ex- 
Mayor  Hewitt  continued  to  work  with  the  Com 
mittee  on  Plara  and  Scope.  All  the  principal  pro 
moters  of  the  celebration  not  only  gave  their 
time  to  the  work  gratuitously,  but  made  Ubml 
subscriptions  to  the  general  fund  and  paid  the 
full  price  for  their  tickets  to  the  ball  and  ban 
quet,  their  only  return  being  the  satisfaction 
which  they  now  derive  from  the  success  of  their 
labors,  and  the  commemorative  badges  they  re 
ceived  as  mementoes  of  the  occasion.  Mr.  Gerry 
has,  in  addition,  a  small  gavel  which  he  used  as 
chairman,  costing  about  $1.  This  he  will  treas 
ure  as  a  souvenir. 

That  even  the  most  far-sighted  of  the  projectors 
of  the  celebration  did  not  forecast  the  tremendous 
proportions  which  it  would  assume  is  shown  by 
the  fact  that  it  was  intended  to  have  the  review 
ing  stand  on  the  Sub-Treasury  steps.  When  the 
voice  of  the  States  began  to  be  heard,  all  limited 
plans  had  to  be  abandoned,  and  three  days  were 
scarcely  long  enough  for  a  celebration  that 
was  originally  intended  for  only  one. 
The  State  appropriated  $225  000  for  the  pur 
poses  of  the  celebration,  of  which  $150,000  was 
for  the  transportation  and  provisioning  of  the 
National  Guard,  $20,000  for  the  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic,  and  $55,000  for  the  use  of  the 
committee. 


MONDAY,  APRIL  29. 


HONORS  FOR   TWO  PRESIDENTS. 


GENERAL  HARRISON  WELCOMED  BY  A  FINE 
NAVAL  DISPLAY  IN  THE  HARBOR. 


NATURE  ADDS  HER  SMILING  APPROVAL 


THE  GREAT  CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION  OF  THE 
FOUNDING    OF    THE,    GOVERNMENT    BEGUN 
UNDER    THE    MOST    AUSPICIOUS     €IROUMn 
STANCES— A  LARGE  RECEPTION  AT  THE, 
EQUITABLE  BUILDING— AN  ELOQUENT 
TRIBUTE    PAID     BY    THE    SCHOOL 
CHILDREN  —  THE,        BRILLIANT 
I        BALL  AT  THE  OPERA  HOUSE.1 

8  a.  m.— Artillery  salutes  at  forts  and  Navy  Yard. 
9:30  a.  m.— Steamers  Sirius  and  Erastus  Wiman 

leave  New- York  with  Governors  and  Commis 
sioners  of  States  to  meet  President  Harrison 
at  Elizabeth  port. 

11  a.  m.— President  Harrison  leaves  Elizabethport 
for  New- York. 

11  : 15— Naval  parade  begins. 

1  p.  m.— President  lands  at  Wall-st.,  and  is  re 

ceived  by  the  Governor  and  the  Mayor. 
1-:30— First  land  parade  from   pier  to  Equitable. 

2  to  3  : 30— Reception  and  luncheon  at  Equitable, 
4  to  5  : 30— Public  reception  at  City  Hall— Greeting 

and  address  of  school  girls. 

9  p.  m.— The  Centennial  ball. 


(Reprinted  from  The  Tribune,  April  30.) 
There  were  memories  in  many  minds  of  the  last 
great  National  celebration  held  in  New-York,  when 
the  citizens  of  the  American  metropolis  and  the 
many  thousand  strangers  within  her  gates  aros* 
from  their  beds  yesterday  morning.  The  day 
which  was  to  witness  the  beginning  of  the  most 
magnificent  celebration  ever  undertaken  in  the 
new  world  had  arrived,  and  had  brought  with  it 
recollections,  neither  inspiring  nor  comforting,  of 
the  day  live  years  and  five  months  before,  when 
the  evacuation  of  New-York  by  the  British  troops 
had  been  commemorated,  it  was  the  weather 
that  acted  the  part  of  an  ungracious  reminder. 
On  the  morning  of  November  26,  1883,  the  people 
of  New-York  had  risen  to  witness  a  spectacle  with 
some  features  like  unto  yesterday's.  The  public 
imagination  had  been  stirred  by  vivid  descriptions 
of  the  little  army  of  occupation  one  hundred 
years  before,  marching  proudly  down  the  Bowery 
Road,  through  a  nipping,  eager  air  that  put 
elastic  energy  into  every  movement,  while  the 
spirit  of  victory  brightened  every  eye. 

The  commemorative  spectacle  was  expected  to 
be  equally  inspiring  to  the  inheritors  of  the  boon 
won  by  those  gallant  troops,  with  its  picture 
of  a  vast  city  bedecked  with  glad  bunting,  its 
receptions  of  National  dignitaries,  and  its  military, 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


civic  and  marine  parades.  But  sunrise  ushered 
in  a  darksome  day,  with  heavy  clouds  hanging- 
over  the  city,  a  bleak,  penetrating  wind  blowing 
ntfully,  yet  unable  to  lift  the  Hags  which  clung, 
heavy  with  water,  about  their  stall's,  and  when 
15,000  soldiers  and  the  25,000  civilians  started 
on  their  march,  the  ruin  began  falling  again  in 
an  insidious,  disgusting  drizzle,  while  dark  clouds 
of  mist,  driving  before  the  wind,  scarcely  higher 
than  the  housetops,  obscured  tha  marine  picture 
and  made  the  demonstration  little  more  than  a 
hollow  mockery. 

Unhappy  memories  these  with  which  to  wake 
on  the  morning  of  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
establishment  of  the  executive  department  of 
constitutional  government  in  the  New  World. 
But  the  weather  was  to  blame.  Those  who  were 
awake  at  5  o'clock  heard  the  rattle  of  rain-drops 
upon  the  window  panes ;  and  when  the  tardier 
multitude  breakfasted  three  or  four  hours  later 
the  sky  had  a  sullen  look,  masses  of  black  clouds 
hung  low  in  whichever  direction  inquiring  looks 
were  turned  and  momentarily  threatened  a  down 
pour  like  that  which  took  the  crispness  and  brill 
iancy  out  of  the  Evacuation  Day  festivities.  The 
wind  fluttered  the  bunting  gayly  enough,  but  it 
was  long  before  the  eager  thousands  were  gratified 
by  the  sight  of  all  the  gloom  dissipated,  and  the 
benison  of  bright  sunlight  resting  on  houses, 
streets,  rivers  and  bay. 

Meanwhile  there  was  no  sign  that  the  ardor 
of  the  multitude  had  been  chilled.  Beginning 
with  early  morning  the  city  sent  its  thousands 
in  steady  streams  southward  through  streets  and 
avenues  that  in  stretches  looked  like  aisles  cut 
through  a  wilderness  of  tri-colored  buildings. 
Scarcely  a  house  so  humble  but  it  could  show 
its  little  spot  of  gay  and  patriotic  bunting. 
The  storm  of  the  preceding  tliree  days  had  marred 
the  picture  in  places,  and  the  lowering  sides 
had  discouraged  some  from  renewing  their  be 
draggled  decorations,  but  enough  remained  to  give 
the  city  a  more  bravely  patriotic  appearance  than 
ever  it  bore  before. 

One  purpose  occupied  the  minds  of  the  host 
that  had  culled  out  a  holiday.  It  was  to  see  as 
much  as  possible  of  the  great  naval  review  and 
the  reception  of  the  President  of  the  United 
Stats,  who  came  to  re-enact  some  of  the  cere 
monies  with  which  his  august  predecessor  had 
been  greeted  a  century  before.  To  witness  those 
imposing  scenes  it  was  necessary  to  be  in  the 
lower  part  of  the  city.  Seven  miles  of  the  city's 
water-front  showed  a  deep  fringe  of  humanity 
whose  dark  line  was  not  interrupt/ed  by  steam 
ship  piers  or  warehouses.  These  the  crowd  mounted, 
and  their  perpendicular  sides  alone  were  bare. 
The  roofs  of  the  high  buildings  in  the  lower  part 
of  the  city,  which  commanded  a  view  of  the 
bay,  were  black  with  people,  the  Produce 
Exchange  alone  beincr  unpopulated.  The  outer 
edge  of  this  dark  human  fringe  was  adorned 
more  gayly  than  any  of  the  avenues.  Here  lay  all 
the  water-craft  not  concerned  in  the  parade  that 
could  find  anchorage  or  wharf-room,  all  loaded 
with  sightseers,  and  all  bedecked  with  fluttering 
flags  and  pennants. 

No  prettier  spectacle  of  the  kind  can  be  imagined 
than  a  vessel  in  gala  dress.  Sightseers  at  the  Bat 
tery  who  could  see  the  warships  dressed  with  the 
rainbow  arch  of  flags  and  signals  can  testify  to  this. 
They,  too,  and  tho  thousands  on  the  housetops  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  island  saw  a  spectacle  as 
beautiful  as  it  was  impressive  in  the  Upper  Bay. 
The  perspective  is.  of  course,  deceiving  in  views  of 
this  kind,  but  from  the  shore  it  seemed,  as  if  the 
capacity  of  the  harbor  that  might  offer  shelter 
to  all  the  navies  of  the  world  was  being1  tested. 
Hundreds  of  brightly  caparisoned  craft  filled  the 
watery  field  between  Governor's  and  Bedlow's 
Islands  on  the  north  and  Staten  Island  on  the 
south  and  the  Lon<r  Island  and  New-Jersey  shores 
to  the  east,  and  west.  Till  noon  the  vast  fleet, 
after  once  it  had  gathered  itself  together,  lay 
motionless  except  when  a  saucy  tug  now  and  then 


'  dashed  hither  and  thither,  as  if  to  rid  itself  of  sur 
plus  enthusiasm  and  energy.  Along  the  western 
edge  of  the  fleet  lay  a  line  of  warships  stretching 
down  toward  the  Robbins  Reef  light.  On  them  all 

i  eyes  were  bent,  for  by  their  conduct  the  distant 
spectators  were  to  learn  of  the  approach  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  who  was  to  ap- 

1    proach  the  city  by  a  water  route,  as  General  Wash- 

!   ington  had  done  a  hundred  years  before. 

it  was  some  minutes  alter  noon,  when  far  down 
toward  Staten  Island  a  cloud  of  white  steam  rose 
from  the  waiting  craft.  Steam  whistles  were 
screeching  their  salute  to  the  Chief  Executive  of  the 

)  Nation.  Then  came  on  the  water  the  sound  of 
cannon.  The  Despatch,  bearing  the  President  and 

,  his  official  family,  had  come  into  the  Bay  and  the 
naval  review  had  begun.  The  air  was  wonderfully 

|   clear,  and  the  progress  of  the  Despatch  and  the 

j  steamers  accompanying  her  could  be  followed  by 
the  gradual  approach  of  the  cloud  of  powder  smoke- 
as  ship  after  ship  took  up  the  Presidential  salute. 

I   But  to  those  on  shore  the  gladsome  noise  was  not 

I   great.     The  wind   blew  from   the   southwest  and 

!  carried  the  sound  across  Long  Island.  All  that 
reached  the  thousands  on  the  roofs  was  an  irregular 
series  of  booms  like  abysmal  notes  from  a  mon- 

,  strous  drum.  So,  too,  the  screeching  and  bellow- 
ing  and  howling  and  moaning  of  the  steam  whis 
tles,  which  united  in  a  gigantic  dissonance  to  hor 
rify  the  ears  of  those  on  board  the  craft  in  the 
Bay,  lost  all  terror  to  those  on  land,  for  many  on 
the  housetops  could  only  see  the  wreathing  steam, 
but  could  not  hear  the  hoarse  and  shrieking  pro 
tests  of  the  brazen  larynxes  from  which  it  issued. 
While  such  observations  are  making-,  the  Des 
patch  proceeds  up  the  line.  Colors  are  lowered, 
cannons  send  forth  their  greeting,  and  suddenly 
the  yards  of  the  ships  are  seen  to  be  manned. 
Steamers  large  and  small  fall  in  the  wake  of  the 
Despatch,  and  soon  the  whole  fleet  is  in  motion. 
The  warships  weigh  anchor  and,  accompanied  by 
the  revenue  cutters  and  steam  yachts,  move  up 
the  North  River  in  stately  array.  Now  the  pop 
ular  interest  centres  at  the  foot  of  Wa  11-st.,  a  spot 
that  had  been  conspicuous  all  the  morning  by 
reason  of  the  forest  of  masts  with  parti-colored 
leafage  grouped  there.  Opposite  this  gay  group 
the  Despatch  drops  her  anchor,  and,  like  Washing 
ton  a  hundred  years  before,  President  Harrison  is 
taken  into  a  large  boat  and  rowed  ashore  by  a 
crew  of  ship-captains,  members  of  the  Marine  So 
ciety.  Now  the  formal  portion  of  his  reception 
begins.  Already  at  Elizabeth  and  Elizabethport 
he  had  been  made  to  feel  the  affectionate  respect 
and  admiration  commanded  by  his  office,  but  now 
he  is  formally  welcomed  by  the  Governor  of  the 
greatest  State  in  the  Union,  the  Mayor  of  that 
State's  metropolis  and  officers  of  the  committees 
having  the  celebration  in  charge.  Accompanied 
by  a  military  guard  of  honor,  the  committees  and 
other  civil  and  military  dignitaries,  he  is  escorted 
through  Wall-st.  to  the  Equitable  Building,  pass 
ing  on  his  way  the  spot  where  stood  the  Federal 

!  Hall,  on  whose  porch  the  first  of  his  predecessors 
took  the  oath  of  office.  Then  Wall-st.  was  a  sim 
ple  road  between  modest  houses,  its  chief  dignity 
the  building  which  housed  Congress.  Now  it  is 
bordered  with  buildings  of  marvellous  size  and 
grandeur,  whose  erection  has  effected  almost  as 

I  great  a  contrast  between  the  Wall-st  of  1889  and 
1870  as  that  between  1870  and  1789. 

After  a  reception  and  luncheon  in  the  rooms  of 
the  Lawyers'  Club  in  the  Equitable  Building,  the 
same  escort  attended  the  President  as  he  went 
to  the  City  Hall,  where  he  held  a  public  recep 
tion  in  the  Governor's  room.  The  City  'Hall 
Park  had  become  a  focus  of  public  attention«as 
soon  as  the  panorama  in  the  Bay  was  dissipated. 
Police  kept  the  plaza  in  front  of  the  tastefully 
and  richly  adorned  building  free  of  people  for 
several  hours  before  the  time  set  for  the  recep 
tion  but  when  the  President  arrived  the  walks 
and  streets  and  half  the  park  were  covered. 
The  weather  had  become  fickle.  Every  few 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


minutes  rain-clouds  were  driven  across  tbe  face 
of  the  sun.  A  gust  of  wind  would  scatter  big 
drops  of  water  broadcast,  and  just  as  the  thou 
sands  of  umbrellas  would  open  a  flood  of  sun 
light  would  fall  upon  the  scene,  and  the  skies 
would  seem  to  smile  at  the  consternation  of  the 
multitude.  Two  hundred  grammar-school  girls 
in  white  gowns,  two  from  each  school,  carrying 
baskets  of  flowers,  to  which  each  grammar-school 
girl  in  the  city  had  been  permitted  to  contribute 
one  blossom,  stood  in  double  row  to  give  the 
President  a  floral  greeting.  Like  the  matrons  and 
maids  of  Trenton  a  hundred  years  ago  they 
strewed  flowers  in  the  path  of  the  chosen  Execu 
tive  of  the  Nation,  who.  arrived  at  the  foot 
of  the  staircase  leading  to  the  Governor's  Room, 
listened  to  an  address  by  a  young  miss  of  the 
Normal  School  on  behalf  of  the  school  children 
of  New-York,  and  smiled  and  nodded  his  approval 
as  she  spoke  of  those  things  which  exalt  a  Nation. 
Meanwhile  the  flowers  which  had  fallen  before 
the  President's  feet  were  eagerly  sought  for  and 
carried  off  as  souvenirs  by  the  girls  themselves, 
the  policemen  and  tlie  Grand  Army  officers  who 
had  acted  as  an  escort. 

No  drop  of  rain  fell  to  mar  this  pretty  cere 
mony,  but  no.  sooner  was  it  over  than  the  crowd 
waiting  to  enter  City  Hall  were  forced  under 
cover  of  their  umbrellas.  At  night  in  the  Metro 
politan  Opera  House,  transformed  into  a  miracle  of 
beauty  by  the  hand  of  the  decorator  and  the  gifts 
of  Flora,  graced  by  the  presence  ol  the  chief  politi 
cal  dignitaries  of  the  Nation  and  the  loveliness  and 
gallantry  or  the  city's  people,  took  place  the  great 
Centennial  ball.  Those  who  attended  moved  aoout 
through  a  pleasure- place  worthy  of  Haroun-al- 
Raschid,  and  many  saw  the  dawn  of  the  real  festal 
day,  to  which  yesterday  was  only  a  prelude,  for 
which  it  was  only  a  preparation. 


THE  TEIP  TO  THE  CITY. 


A  WONDERFUL  MARINE  SPECTACLE  IN  THE 
BAY. 


THE  DESPATCH'S  VOYAGE  THROUGH  THE  WEL 
COMING  FLEET—  HEVIEWING  THE  MEJtf- 
GREAT  PARADE- 


INCIDENTS  OF  THE  DAY, 

In  variety,  in  extent,  in  picturesqueness,  and  in 
a  certain  vastness  and  brilliancy  of  effect,  yester 
day's  great  marine  display  will  doubtless  long  rank 
as  the  most  notable  and  successful  pageant  in  the 
history  of  New-York  Harbor.  As  an  imitation, 
even  on  the  larger  scale  set  by  a  century  of  mar 
vellous  progress,  of  the  famous  boat  ride  of  the 
first  President  from  Eli  zabethport  to  the  East 
River  front,  so  tremendous  a  spectacle  might  be 
taken  almost  as  an  appeal  to  that  sense  of  the 
incongruous  and  the  extravagant  which  any  com 
parison  between  the  times  of  Washington  and  the 
present  necessarily  arouses.  But  the  humor  of  the 
contrast  apart,  no  more  striking  and  satisfactory 
a  welcome  could  have  been  devised  for  the  Centen 
nial  President,  coming  almost  literally  in  the  foot- 
Bteps  of  Washington,  to  help  celebrate  the  hun 
dredth  anniversary  of  that  ceremony  with  which 
genuine  Constitutional  Government  in  America 
was  begun. 

No  other  entry,  certainly,  to  the  city,  girt  a-oand 
with  her  rivers  and  her  harbor,  could  have  been 
so  impressive.  Quitting  the  waters  of  a  sister 
State  just  as  they  merge  into  the  beautiful  land 


locked  Upper  Bay,  where  could  be  mustered  with- 

j  out  discomfort  all  that  was  representative  of  the 
Nation's  Navy  and  of  the  carrying  trade  of  the 
metropois,  where  a  hundred  shapely  yachts  could 

i  lie  at  anchor  and  a  hundred  pleasure  steamers 
flit  about  with  their  thousands  upon  thousands  of 

|  enthusiastic  spectators,  the  voyage  of  the  city's 
guests,  the  President,  his  Cabinet  and  other  at- 

;  tendant  dignitaries  was  one  uninterrupted  tri 
umphal  progress  from  the  narrow  Kills  of  Staten 
Island  to  the  crowded  piers  and  house-roofs  of  the 
lower  part  of  the  city. 

THE  SCENE  IN  THE  HARBOR. 

That   scene    in    the   harbor    as    the    Despatch 

i    ploughed   her   way  slowly  through   the  lines   of 

:   the  assembled  fleet,  the  batteries  of  the  men-of- 

j   war  thundering  their  salutes,  the  seamen  at  the 

i   yard-arms,  the  infinite  display  of  color,  the  thou- 

1    sands  of  flags  and  pennons  flapping  in  the  steady 

t    breeze,  the  tireless  din  of  a  hundred  iron  throats 

|    on  tugs,  yachts  and  steamers,  the  cheering  from 

the  floating  city,  each  boatload  doing  its  proudest 

as    the   President,    standing   bare-headed   on    the 

bridge  of  his  vessel,  bowed  his  returns  one  by  one 

to  the  lucky  members  of  the  vast  flotilla— such  a 

scene  and  such  a   welcome  must  linger  long  in 

the  memory   of  every   one  who  witnessed  them, 

from  the  greasy  firemen  in  the  tugs,  who  thrust 

their  heads  from  the  engine-room  windows  to  catch 

a  glimpse   of  the  approaching  President,   to  the 

Chief   Magistrate   himself,    the   central   figure   in 

all  this  wonderful  demonstration. 

As  a  welcome  it  was  widespread,  tumultuous, 
almost  overwhelming.  Nothing  could  have  been 
added  in  heartiness  or  volume.  In  spite,  too,  of 
the  chronic  difficulty  of  handling  water  parades 
and  the  headstrong  endeavors  of  the  hustling 
pilots  of  excursion  steamers  to  run  down  every 
minute  upon  the  President's  boat,  the  pageant  of 
yesterday  lacked  little  of  genuine  and  imposing 
dignity  and  order.  As  long  as  General  Harrison's 
flag  floated  at  the  masthead  of  the  Despatch  the 
vast  fleet  maintained  in  a  creditable  degree  its  dis 
cipline  and  symmetry.  And  if  on  his  departure  in 
the  barge  that  carried  him  to  Wall-st.  the  attend 
ing  flotilla  fell  for  a  moment  into  confusion,  it  soon 
straightened  itself  out  for  a.  run  up  the  Last  and 
then  up  the  North  River  that  in  itself  was  a  spec 
tacle  rarely  to  be  matched  in  any  American  port. 

NOTABLE   FEATURES   OF  THE   DAY. 

But  a  brief  outline  sketch  can  do  small  justice 
to  the  many  brilliant  and  notable  features  of  a  day 
on  the  water,  every  minute  of  which  was  filled 
with  interesting  incidents.  Preparations,  which 
in  many  cases  had  been  on  foot  for  six  months 
came  to  a  point  soon  after  daybreak  yesterday.  By 
7  o'clock  the  harbor  was  already  a  scene  of  bustle 
and  activity.  The  ships  which  had  not  yet  fallen 
into  their  places  in  the  line  were  shifting  about  to 
make  their  positions.  All  were  dressed  from  stem 
to  stern  with  flags,  and  on  many  the  seamen  were 
giving  the  last  touches  of  decoration.  The  tugs, 
equally  as  gay,  were  puffing  from  one  point  to  an 
other,  getting  their  passengers  for  the  trip  down 
to  the  Kills  The  large  excursion  boats  were  fill 
ing  up  slowly  at  the  North  and  East  River  piers, 
some  lying  for  a  half-hour  along  the  New- York 
front,  and  then  for  another  half-hour  shifting 
across  to  Brooklyn.  By  9  o'clock  almost  every  one 
had  been  crowded  in,  and  whistles  were  blown  for 
starting.  The  wind  was  coming  stiffly  across  the 
Bay  from  the  southwest  and  the  sky  was  cold  and 
threatening.  The  rains  of  last  week  washed  the 
atmosphere  free  of  every  impurity,  and  the  hills  of 
Staten  Island  stood  out  in  the  distance  in  a  hard, 
steely  blue.  The  water  in  the  harbor  was  dull  and 
muddy,  the  only  bit  of  neutral  color  in  the  scene. 
This  dead  hue  it  did  not  lose  even  when  the  sun 
came  out  brightly,  just  before  noon,  dancing  upon 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


the  waves  and  against  the  painted  sides  of  the 
men-of-war  and  adding  fresh  gayety  and  animation 
to  the  scene. 

The  average  excursion  steamer  did  not  eet  fairly 
out  into  the  Bay  until  after  9  o'clock.  But  some  of 
the  few  boats  chosen  to  make  the  trip  to  Elizabeth- 
port  were  astir  earlier.  The  Despatch,  which  had 
been  lying  at  the  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard,  got  under 
way  at  6.  Flying  the,  Union  Jack  at  her  stern,  she 
made  her  way  up  the  East  River  to  Twenty-sixth- 
st.,  where  she  anchored  to  take  aboard  the  officials 
who  were  to  receive  the  President.  The  captain's 
gig  and  a  whaleboat  were  sent  on  shore  to  bring  on 
board  the  guests.  Lieutenant  W.  S.  Cowles  was  in 
command  of  the  Despatch,  the  others  in  authority 
being  Lieutenant  W.  McLean,  executive  officer ; 
Ensign,  H.  Eldridge;  Passed  Assistant  Engineer, 
G.  W.  Roach;  Passed  Assistant  Surgeon.  D.  M. 
Guiteras,  and  Lieutenant  W.  S.  Benson,  of  the 
Marine  Corps,  who  was  in  charge  of  the  guard. 

BOARDING    THE    HONORED    MAN-OF-WAR. 

The  first  man  to  arrive  was  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior,  General  Noble,  who  was  taken  to 
the  Despatch  in  the  cutter.  Clarence  W.  Bowen 
and  W.  E.  D.  Stokes  next  appeared,  and  were 
rowed  to  the  vessel  in  the  whaleboat.  Then 
«ame  Loyall  Farragut,  Jackson  S.  Schultz,  Fred 
eric  R.  Coudert,  Ogden  Goelet,  Senator  Frank 
Hiscock,  with  several  ladies,  and  Attorney-General 
W.  H.  H.  Miller.  About  half-past  7.  Admiral 
Porter  and  his  staff  and  General  Sherman  and 
General  Schofield  were  driven  to  the  pier  from  the 
Fifth  Avenue  Hotel.  When  this  party  stepped, 
into  the  boat  to  be  taken  to  the  Despatch,  the 
Admiral's  flag,  dark-blue,  with  four  white  stars, 
was  hoisted  in  the  bow.  Senator  Evarts,  with 
of  ladies,  and  Senator  Aldrich,  of  Rhode 


Island,  came  next,  and  Avere  followed  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy,  B.  F.  Tracy,  and  his  son, 
Frank  B.  Tracy. 

On  the  whaleboat  which  took  the  General  to 
the  large  vessel  was  displayed  the  flag  of  the  Secre 
tary  of  the  Navy,  a  field  of  dark  blue,  with  a 
white  anchor  and  a  coil  of  rope  in  the  centre,  and 
a  white  star  in  each  corner.     The  last  to  be  taken 
on  board  were  Mayor  Grant,  Governor  Hill,  Major 
Asa  Bird  Gardiner  and  several  other  Centennial 
officials.     la    the    meantime    profuse    decorations 
had  been  run  up.     Besides  the  two  American  en 
signs  on  the  masts,  three  hundred  small  flags  of 
all  the  colors  of  the  rainbow  and  of  every  design 
were  strung  from  mast  to  mast  and  in  lines  from  | 
the  yards  to  the  deck.     About  8  o'clock  Ensign 
Eldridge,  who  had  charge  of  the  embarkation,  re-  i 
turned  to  the  Despatch  with  all  the  small  boats    ! 
and  soon  afterward  the  vessel  weighed  anchor  and  i 
steamed  down  the  Bay  for  Elizabethport. 

The  tug  Nina  was  also  lying  at  the  pier  at  East 
Twenty-sixth-st.  early  in  the  morning,  waiting  to 
carry  Admiral  Jouett's  staff  to  the  flagship  Chi 
cago.   The  hour  for  departure  was  fixed  at  7  a.  m., 
but  the  staff  were  not  all  present  until  7:30,  when  i 
the  tug  rapidly  slipped  down  stream.     The  staff  ! 
consisted  of  Captain  Charles  A.  Norton,  Commo 
dore  William  R.  Bridgman,  Lieutenant-Commander 
A.  S.  Snow,  Captain  L.  N.  Stoddard,  Gouverneur 
Kortright,  New-York  Yacht  Club ;   0.  M.  Tweed,   '• 
Admiral  of  the  Corinthian  Yacht  Club:   Captain 
!W.  J.  Shackleford,  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  I 
Company ;  William  F.  Stanford,  of  the  Old  Domin-  ; 
ion  Steamship  Company;  William  B.  Bouton,  of  i 
the  Red  D  Line ;  J.  E.  Alexander,  P.  E.  Lefevre,  ! 
of  the  Ocean  Steamship  Company ;  James  E.  Ward, 
of  the  Ward    Steamship    Company ;    Commodore  i 
Jefferson  Hogan,  of  the  Atlantic  Yacht  Club  ;  Vice- 
Commodore   Robert   Center,    of   the  Seawanhaka   | 
Yacht  Club;   George  W.   Hall,    of  the  American  ' 
lacht  Club ;  Commodore  G.  C.  W.  Lowrey,  of  the 
Larchmont  Yacht   Club;    T.   S.   Cameron,   of  the 
Clyde  Steamship  Line:  Captain  J.  M.  Lachlan,  of 
the  United  States  and  Brazil  Mail  Steamship  Com 


pany  ;  J.  M.  Miller,  of  the  Providence  and  Stoning- 
ton  Line ;  L.  F.  Lovell,  of  the  Fall  River  Line,  and 
I  W.  W.  Everett,  of  the  People's  Line.  Captain 
Postlethwait,  of  West  Point,  was  on  board  as  a 
guest. 

STARTING  FOR  ELIZABETHPORT. 

The  big  ferryboat  Erastus  Wiman,  with  the  Gov 
ernors  and  Commissioners  of  the  States  on  board, 
took  up  her  passengers  at  the  West  Twenty-third- 
st.  ferry  pier.  The  Laura  M.  Starin,  the  press 
boat,  lay  at  the  Barge  Office,  and  the  Sirius  and  the 
other  Iron  Steamboat  Company  steamers  got  their 
passengers  aboard  at  Pier  No.  1  and  at  Twenty- 
I  third-st.  The  little  fleet  that  was  to  go  to  meet 
the  President  steamed  down  the  North  liiver  and 
past  Governor's  Island  about  10  o'clock.  The 
men-of-war  had  by  this  time  got  themselves  in 
perfect  trim,  and  were  strung  along  in  a  line  from 
off  Ellis  Island  to  below  Bedlow's  Island. 

As  the  Starin  ran  by  the  squadron  many  of  those 
on  board  got  their  first  close   glance  at  the  new 
Navy.     The  Chicago  was  first  in  order— going  down 
—a  black,  forbidding  monster  when  seen  broadside, 
but   showing  smooth   and    graceful    lines   on   the 
view  from  stem  to  stern.     The  Admiral's  flag  was 
flying   from   her   masthead,    her   long    guns   were 
peeping  from  the  portholes,   and  her  decks  were 
crowded    with    officers    and    their    friends.     The 
I  gay  flags   came   out  in   pleasant  contrast  to  her 
i  pitch-black  hull.     Beyond  the   Chicago    lay    the 
i    famous  Kearsarge,  the  hero  of  the  fight  off  Cher- 
j  bourg,  as  excellent  a  type  of  the  old  Navy  as  the 
:  Chicago   is   of  the  new.     Next  to  the   Kearsarge 
i  came  the  smaller  Yantic,  all  her  masts  decked  with 
flags  and  streamers.     Then  in  succession  the  Essex, 
also  in  her  gayest  dress ;  the  Brooklyn,  home  from 
i  her  cruise  around  Cape  Horn,  floating  a  streamer 
!  as    long    as    her    keef,    which    seemed    to    stretch 
straight  out  in  the  wind  half-way  across  the  chan 
nel;  the  Atlanta,  just  in,  too,  from  a  South  Ameri 
can  cruise,  her  saffron  hull  and  upper  works  show 
ing  iu  odd  contrast  to  the  sombre  black  of  all  the 
others  before  her ;  the  Jamestown,  the  Juniata  and 
the  Yorktown,  the  last  a  fresh  new  gunboat,  the 
other  two  old  cruisers  of  reputation,  showy,  but 
fragile-looking  alongside  of  the  heavy,   low-built 
Atlanta ;  and  finally  the  Boston,  trim  and  orderly 
from  bow  to  rudder,  the  many-colored  flags  flown 
from  her  rigging  set  off  by  contrast  with  her  hull 
of  dead  white. 

Below  the  men-of-war  the  revenue  cutter?  and 
steam  yachts  were  drawn  up,  all  rakish,  grace 
ful  craft,  some  flying  the  striking  Revenue  flag, 
others  the  burgees  of  the  various  local  yacht  clubs. 
To  the  other  side  of  the  Bay  from  Owl's  Head  down 
toward  Fort  Hamilton  stretched  the  line  of  mer- 
chantmen,  propellers  and  tugs,  now  partially 
formed.  Parallel  with  this  and  in  the  rear  of  the 
fleet  of  yachts.  w_as  another  fleet  of  merchantmen, 
ending  apparently  almost  in  the  Narrows.  The 
escorting  squadron  reached  the  Kill-vou-Kull  about 
11  o'clock.  The  Erastus  Wiman  wtls  in  the  lead, 
the  big  steamer  Monmouth  and  the  Laura  M.  Starin 
following.  The  Sirius  had  gone  on  ahead  and  an. 
chored  off  Elizabethport.  Both  banks  of  the  nar 
row  kill  all  the  way  down  were  black  with 
crowds  of  spectators.  Every  pier  and  every  hill 
side  was  held  firmly  down  by  patriotic  enthusiasts, 
who  pushed  and  jostled  each  other  to  get  a  view  of 
the  waterway.  At  many  points  on  both  shores 
batteries  were  planted  ready  to  touch  off  at  the 
approach  of  the  President's  boat,  and  the  only 
buildings  that  were  not  decked  with  flags  were 
the  unsightly  sheds  along  the  piers  of  the  oil 
refineries. 

THE  LAST  STAGE  OF  THE  JOURNEY  BEGUN. 

The  Despatch  was  already  floating  the  Presi 
dent's  flag,  a  square  of  blue  with  an  eagle  in  white 
in  the  centre,  when  the  escorting  steamers  reached 
Elizabethport.  The  steam  launch  was  just  being 


JIIE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


hoisted  up  and  the  seamen  were  tugging  at  the 
ship's  anchor.  At  11:30  the  anchor  came  up 
dripping  and  was  pulled  on  the  deck.  With  a 
shrill  whistle  the  Despatch  started  slowly  for- 
ward,  and  the  last  stage  of  the  journey  Washing- 
Ion  made  a  little  more  than  a  hundred  years  ago 
was  begun.  The  other  steamers  fell  in  line,  and 
the  kill  all  at  once  was  choked  with  craft.  The 
Despatch,  her  white  smokestack  the  only  thing 
til-out  her  that  could  be  seen  half  the  time,  kept  at 
the  head  of  the  column.  Stragglers  that  had  come 
down  the  ki]l  but  part  of  the  way  were  constantly 
turning  and  falling  in.  The  police-boat  Patrol 
tried  to  preserve  some  order,  but  failed.  Ex 
cursion  steamers,  tugs  and  sailing  craft  rushed  in 
where  even  the  police  captains  feared  to  tread. 

The  whistle  valves  of  the  tugs  were  pulled  loose, 
cannon  on  both  sides  began  to  open  sham  lire  and 
the  hubbub  at  the  end  of  an  international  yacht 
race  was  now  recalled  with  regret  by  the  fre 
quenters  of  sailing  matches.  One  battery  on 
State*  Island  was  kept  pounding  away,  double 
duty.  The  swabber  overdid  himself  at  last,  how 
ever,  and  let  his  gun  swab  fall  into  the  water. 
A  half-mile  up  the  kill  the  Myndert  Starin  joined 
the  procession.  She  had  a  gun  aboard,  and  kept 
the  breech  of  it  hot  all  the  way  up.  The  Myndert 
Starin  also  had  a  band,  the  only  band,  it  may  be 
remarked,  that  played  during  the  morning.  Bands 
seemed  to  be  thought  altogether  too  feeble  a  means 
of  venting  the  popular  enthusiasm. 

The  excursion  steamers  kept  crowding  in.  The 
John  H.  Starin  appeared,  the  third  Starin  boat  on 
the  scene.  Each  carried  a  big  muslin  strip  on 
which  was  printed :  "  Welcome,  Benjamin  Har 
rison."  The  Sam  Sloan  and  the  familiar  Sylvan 
Dell  soon  hove  in  sight.  Both  were  loaded  down, 
and  passengers  stood  on  the  rail  to  catch  a  glimpse 
of  the  President. 

General  Harrison  had  taken  a  place  from  the 
start  on  the  bridge  at  the  Despatch,  commanding, 
in  theory,  as  the  Chief  of  the  Navy.  Here  he 
stood,  his  silk  hat  now  in  his  hand,  now  on  his 
head,  bowing  to  the  salutes  and  cheers  on  every 
side.  Just  a  little  below  him  in  a  group  were 
Secretary  Tracy,  Attorney-General  Miller,  Walker 
Blaine  and  Secretary  Proctor.  The  Vice-presi 
dent  stood  in  the  bow  of  the  boat  and  talked  with 
Mr.  Gerry  and  Mr.  Coudert.  General  Schofield  sat 
on  a  campstool  near  the  middle  of  the  vessel. 
Near  him  was  Senator  Evarts,  his  clean-cut  face 
easily  recognizable.  He  was  chatting  animatedly 
with  Secretary  Husk.  Every  now  and  then  the 
groups  changed.  Probably  half  the  men  aboard 
the  Despatch  were  familiar  figures  about  New- 
York.  Many  queer  mistakes  were  made  with  the 
rest,  the  Chief  Justice,  for  instance,  who  wears 
only  a  mustache,  being  mistaken  for  the  Secretary 
of  Agriculture,  whose  beard  is  patriarchal. 

THE  HARBOR  SWARMING  WITH  CRAFT. 

Off  St.  George  the  returning  boats  got  their  first 
glimpse  again  of  the  expectant  fleet  in  the  harbor. 
The  whole  surface  of  tEe  Bay  seemed  to  swarm 
with  craft,  all  in  the  many  hues  of  the  rainbow 
Oil  land  it  would  have  been  a  solid  field  of  masts 
and  guide-lines,  banners,  flags  and  snrea-neis.  The 
gentle  swell  in  the  harbor  gave  the  one  elemaat  of 
variety  that  was  lacking— motion.  But  the  eye 
could  not  rest  long  on  the  picture  in  the  Bay.  The 
Staten  Islanders  were  out  in  force  at  St,  George. 
They  had  brought  a  fire-engine  down  to  the  edge 
of  the  water  to  help  along  the  hubbub,  and  kept  a 
battery  going  until  the  Despatch  got  out  of  sight. 
In  the  harbor  proper  the  little  licet  from  Eliza- 
bethport  was  swallowed  up  at  once  in  tii<-  vast 
flotilla.  The  Despatch,  almost  lost  to  sight  among 
the  huge  excursion  steamers,  had  to  slacken  speed 
and  make  some  effort  to  free  herself  ot  this  now 
troublesome  escort.  Just  past  Robbing  Reef  a 
yawl,  with  two  men  aboard,  got  right  in  the  way 
of  the  cutter.  The  Despatch  slowed  up  at  once, 


but  a  collision  could  not  be  averted.  The  yawl 
was  struck  gently  on  the  side  and  knocked  end- 
wise.  A  few  ropes  were  carried  away,  but  no 
great  damage  was  done.  The  frightened  crew  got 
oil  again  safely  and  made  for  shore. 

The  Despatch's  arrival  in  the  Bay  had  been  the 
signal  for  the  beginning  of  the  salutes,  and  every 
vessel  that  had  a  gun  got  ready  for  firing.  The 
Myndert  Starin's  little  cannon  was  still  working 
vigorously,  and  her  band  inspired  fresh  energy  on 
all  sides  by  tackling  "  Johnny,  Get  Your  Gun." 
The  reviewing  line  was  reached  near  the  head  of 
the  steam  yacht  squadron,  the  Despatch  breaking 
through  between  the  Susquehanna  and  the  Oneida. 
Both  yachts  fired  salutes  and  gave  a  cheer,  and 
President  Harrison  took  off  his  hat  and  waved 
back  his  recognition.  The  excursion  boats  were 
crowding  in  upon  the  Despatch  more  than  ever, 
and  energentic  efforts  had  to  be  made  by  the  officers 
on  board  the  President's  vessel  to  clear  a  path  for 
the  review.  The  force  of  big  steamers  had  been 
joined  by  the  Crystal  Wave,  the  Blackbird,  the 
J.  G.  Emmons,  the  ferryboat  Maine,  the  little  RosaJ 
the  James  T.  Brett,  the  J.  B.  Schuyler  and  many 
others.  All  were  running  at  loose  ends  and  cross 
purposes.  Finally  a  clear  course  was  gained  and 
the  Despatch  had  a  chance  to  run  in  close  to  the 
revenue  cutters  and  the  men-of-war.  The  Grant, 
the  Dexter,  the  Hamilton,  the  C handler  and  the 
rest  of  the  cutters  fired  salutes.  Then  the  heavier 
guns  of  the  Boston  thundered  out,  their  rever 
berating  claps  soon  being  echoed  by  the  batteries 
of  the  Atlanta.  The  Brooklyn's  streamer  floated 
proudly  out  over  the  Despatch  as  the  cutter  ran 
by,  and  her  heavy  guns  puffed  out  curling  rings 
of  dense  white  smoke.  All  the  yards  had  been 
manned,  and  this  always  taking  mnnoeuvre  drew 
out  murmurs  of  applause,  drowned  only  by  the 
sound  of  the  firing. 

ACKNOWLEDGING      THE      SALUTE      FROM       THE 
CHICAGO. 

The  Chicago  being  the  flagship,  the  Despatch  ran 
in  close  to  exchange  greetings,  and  the  smoke 
from  the  big  cruiser's  guns  was  almost  blown 
into  the  faces  of  the  closer  followers  of  the  Presi 
dent's  boat.  Admiral  Jouett  and  his  staff  were 
gathered  on  the  quarter-deck,  and  the  marines 
were  drawn  up  in  tanks  facing  the  Despatch.  The 
President  took  off  his  hat  as  the  officers  on  the 
Chicago  saluted.  Then,  with  a  flash  and  putt 
of  smoke,  the  big  guns  began  firing,  and  the  roar 
of  the  last  member  of  the  fleet  joined  with  the 
slackening  thunder  of  the  others  to  mark  the 
climax  of  the  naval  review.  The  long  line  of 
men-of-war  was  almost  hidden  in  the  cloud  of 
smoke,  drifting  off  slowly,  now  obscuring-,  now 
revealing  the  graceful  lines  of  the  Goddess  of 
Liberty  on  her  pedestal  on  Bedlow's  Island. 

The  scene  recalled  in  a  way  the  pageant  at  the 
unveiling  of  the  statue,  nearly  three  years  ago. 
Then,  as  now,  the  smoke  of  the  guns  rose  to  hide 
the  Goddess.  Then,  however,  it  came  from  the 
frowning  portholes  of  the  old  Navy,  the  Nayy 
which  Farragut  knew  and  heroes  of  the  Rebellion 
made  famous.  Now  it  came,  the  denser  volume  of 
it,  from  the  cruisers  of  the  future,  the  warships 
which  are  to  open  a  new  page  in  the  history  of  the 
American  Navy. 

From  the  head  of  the  line,  turning  off  toward 
Governor's  Island,  and  the  St.  Mary's,  the  Presi 
dent  and  the  spectators  on  the  steamers  which 
accompanied  him  got  their  last  glimpse  of  the 
great  marine  display.  Clear  down  to  the  Narrows, 
from  one  side  of  the  harbor  to  the  other,  there 
was  one  vast  field  of  shipping,  flags,  pennons  and 
streamers  flying,  the  smoke  of  the  guns  drifting 
about  among  the  bunting,  the  cheers  of  thousands 
of  spectators  still  sounding  in  the  ears  of  the  most 
honored  of  the  city's  guests.  It  was  only  a 
glimpse,  and  then  the  Despatch  steamed  swiftly 
away  on  the  last  quarter-mile  of  Washington's 
journey,  casting  anchor  just  a  little  after  1  o'clock 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


at  the  foot  of  Wall-st.,  to  await  an  embarkation 
to  the  neighboring  ferry-house. 

BAILING   TO   ROUND   THE    STAKE-BOAT. 

The  delay  in  landing  the  President  at  Wall-st. 
seemed  to  take  the  spirit  out  of  the  marine  parade, 
and  only  a  few  of  the  vessels  made  the  passage  up 
the  East  River.  This  portion  of  the  programme 
was,  in  fact,  indifferently  adhered  to,  and  the 
waiting  thousands  on  the  Brooklyn  and  New-York 
shores  above  the  Bridge  were  seriously  disappoint 
ed,  as  were  those  who  expected  to  see  the  parade 
on  the  North  River.  Many  of  the  larger  steamers 
made  haste  to  land  their  passengers  at  the  Battery 
m  the  hope  that  they  might  witness  the  Wall-st' 
parade,  and  an  aspec  of  general  demoralization 
appeared  to  afflict  the  fleet  as  soon  as  the  Despatch 
came  to  an  anchor. 

The  Sound  and  river  steamers  and  tugs  which 
made  an  attempt  to  carry. out  the  programme  were 
all  handsomely  dressed  with  bunting  and  crowded 
with  passengers.  There  were  between  forty  and 
fifty  which  started  up  the  North  River,  but  many 
put  into  their  berths  before  Twenty-tbird-st.  was 
reached,  and  others  turned  back  from  that  point 
instead  of  going  around  the  stakeboat  at  Fifty- 
first-st.,  as  the  programme  required.  At  her  pier 
at  West  Twenty-sixth-st.  the  training-ship  Minne 
sota  lay,  dressed  with  bunting,  a  solitary  repre 
sentative  of  the  Navy  in  that  quarter.  The  plan- 
Ing-mills,  packing-houses,  lumber  piles  and  every 
other  elevated  place  along  the  river  were  crowded 
as  densely  as  places  downtown,  but  the  fleet 
lagged  and  dwindled,  until  at  3  o'clock  the  North 
River,  with  the  exception  of  the  warships  and 
cutters  at  anchor  in  the  stream,  presented  its  nor 
mal  appearance. 

— •»• — • 

FROM  A  MAN-OF-WAE. 

THE  PICTURE  IN  THE  HARBOR. 

A   SCENE    FOE   THE    PAINTER    OF   A   GREAT   HIS 
TORICAL    CANVAS. 

A  long  line  of  men-of-war,  forming  the  finest 
Naval  display  ever  seen  in  this  country  in  times 
of  peace,  stretched  from  Becllow's  Island  to  Rob- 
bins  Reef  in  the  Upper  Bay.  Vessels  wreathed 
in  smoke  from  their  thundering  cannons  and  with 
yards  manned  as  the  President  went  by,  with 
marines  in  brilliant  uniforms  paraded  on  the 
quarter-decks,  scarlet-coated  buglers  sounding  a 
fanfare,  officers  gorgeous  in  gold  lace  and  cocked 
hats,  the  strong,  fresh  wind  waving  their  sable 
ostrich  plumes,  and  driving  away  the  smoke 
through  which  ever  and  anon  camo  flashing  a 
tongue  of  name,  while  from  mast  and  yard  of 
these  meu-ol-war  and  of  hundreds  of  merchant 
ships  fluttered  bunting  th<4t  made  the  air  misty 
with  banners  and  pennants— such  was  the  scene 
resting  on  the  placid  waters  of  the  Bay,  and 
walled  by  the  green  hills  of  Staten  Island  and 
by  the  great  cities  that  press  the  water's  edge 

Above  all  toward  the  great  Statue  of  Liberty, 
calm,  cold,  impassable,  no  flags  fluttering,  no 
bunting  displayed,  but  looking  with  that  tre 
mendous,  tranquil  human  face  on  all  the  glittering 
display  below,  prototype  of  the  spirit  which  in 
spired  it  and  made  it  possible.  All  the  moving 
vessels  w?re  steaming  down  both  rivers,  where  the 
Naval  fleet  was  already  anchored.  They  were 
black  with  people,  gay  with  bunting,  and,  when 
they  had  finally  taken  their  places,  the  whole 
surface  of  the  Bay  blossomed  like  a  garden  of 
flowers.  Before  the  gun  was  fired  far  off  down  the 
Kills  winch  announced  that  the  President  had 
boarded  ihe  Despatch  and  was  on  his  way  up  to 
the  fleet,  the  blue-suited  sailors,  the  gayly-capari- 
soned  marines,  the  stately  and  resplendent  officers 
on  tie  Naval  vessels,  walked  about  the  decks, 


watching  with  interest  the  constant  stream 
of  vessels  that  swept  by  them  to 
take  the  places  appointed  them.  Merchant  vessels 
ste.  in,  boats,  tugs  si  ml  every  form  of  craft  that  a 
great  city  could  furnish  poured  by,  until  finally  all 
being  in  position,  the  sound  of  a  gun  was  he'ard 
in  the  direction  of  Elizabethport.  Then  up  the 
long  line  steamed  the  Despatch,  covered  with 
bunting  and  wrapped  in  the  clouds  of  smoke  that 
blew  toward  her  as  the  salute  rolled  along  the  line. 

The  sun  had  now  broken  through  the  clouds,  and 
shone  down  upon  the  pageant,  adding  splendor  to 
its  beauty.  The  waves  sparkled,  the  bunting 
gleamed,  the  fresh,  sweet  winds  blew  over  the  Bay 
the  guns  roared,  the  bands  played  and  the  people 
cheered.  Through  such  a  scene  President  Harrison 
was  borne  to  the  place  where  the  waiting  and  en 
thusiastic  thousands  crowded  the  city's  wharves,  to 
be  rowed  ashore  by  those  ancient  and  honorable 
members  of  the  Marine  Society  who  were  to  man 
his  barge.  The  water  was  churned  into  foam  by 
the  swift  craft  that  followed,  and  all  the  stately 
fleet  moving  northward. 

Up  toward  the  Palisades  of  the  North  River 
swept  the  men-of-war,  the  merchant  ships,  with  all 
their  bunting  waving  and  their  decks  crowded  with 
people,  passing  up  toward  the  great  gray  towers  of 
the  Bridge,  which  lifted  themselves  against  the 
clouds.  Everywhere  on  land  and  sea  were  pat 
riotic  enthusiasm,  clouds  of  flags  and  streamers, 
people  packed  thickly  on  piers  and  bulkheads  and 
vessels'  decks.  The  eye  was  weary  of  the  gor- 
geousness  of  the  scene,  and  the  ear  was  deafened 
with  the  salvos  and  shouting. 

Looking  at  the  city  from  the  Bay,  it  seemed  as 
if  a  cloud  of  starry  flags  had  settled  over  it,  and  all 
along  the  Battery  and  along  the  lines  of  wharves 
there  was  one  black,  solid  mass  of  humanity.  The 
people  swarmed  up  the  rigging  of  vessels  lying  at 
the  docks  and  made  black  pyramids.  They  climbed 
to  every  available  place  on  the  ships  on  the  Bay, 
and  so  "  in  glory  and  in  state"  the  President  passed 
through  the  midst  of  his  loyal  citizens.  Then  the 
fleets  disappeared  from  the  Bay,  the  tumult  and  the 
noise  ceased  on  the  water,  but  still  borne  by  the 
winds  came  the  roar  of  the  millions  on  shore  and 
still  floated  above  the  jubilant  city  the  cloud  of 
starry  flags. 

— * — 

THE  PAETY  ON  THE  WIMAN. 


GOVERNORS   GOING   TO    MEET   THE  PRESI 
DENT. 


THEY  SAIL  DOWN  THE  BAY  TO  ESCORT  GENERAL 
HABRISON   TO   THE    CITY. 

A  citizen  of  this  great  Republic  stood  on  the 
edge  of  the  float  at  the  West  Twenty-third-st. 
ferry  slip  yesterday  morning  and  waved  his 
arms  in  frantic  farewell.  A  buxom  American 
wife  and  mother  stood  on  the  stern  of  the  ferry 
boat  Erastus  Wirnan,  as  it  drew  out  of  the  slip, 
and  she  answered  the  demonstration  with  a  de 
spairing  look  and  a  doubly  despairing  wail. 
They  were  not  actors  in  an  elopement  tragedy, 
however ;  they  were  simply  connections  by  mar 
riage  of  some  third  cousins  of  some  member  of 
some  Governor's  staff,  and,  therefore,  they  in 
common  with  about  four  thousand  other  equally 
important  persons,  had  tickets  entitling  them  to 
one  passage  down  the  Bay  in  the  Erastus  Wirnan, 
in  company  with  the  numerous  Governors  and 
representatives  of  States,  to  see  President  Har 
rison  follow  in  the  footsteps,  or  rather  in  the 
wake,  of  his  illustrious  predecessor,  one  George 
Washington.  The  rush  of  ticket-holders  for 
the  Wiman  when  the  gates  opened  at  9:30  yes 
terday  morning  thieatened  to  swamp  her.  The 


10 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


stream  of  humanity  had  to  be  cut  off  somewhere, 
and  the  boat  pulled  out  so  suddenly  in  the  effort 
to  effect  this  result  that  some  family  ties  were 
ruthlessly  broken  in  the  manner  described;  the 
wife  getting  aboard,  the  husband  getting  left. 
The  above  incident  was  characteristic  of  the 
day  and  the  demonstration,  as  viewed  from  the 
decks  of  this  flagship  of  the  Staten  Island  fleet. 
It  was  a  grand  rush.  As  the  crowd  rushed  into  tha 
spacious  saloons,  each  man  and  woman  seized  a 
chair,  and  instantly  each  broad  staircase  was 
transformed  into  a  Jacob's  ladder,  with  angels 
in  tailor-made  dresses  ascending  and  descending, 
every  angel  carrying  a  camp-stool  with  her. 
There  were  2,000  people  on  the  boat,  and  nearly 
as  many  more,  who  were  left  behind,  held  an 
overflow  meeting  on  the  fleet  steamer  Monmouth, 
which  was  provided  for  the  various  Governors 
and  Gubernatorial  cousins  who  had  failed  to  get 
aboard  the  Wiman  or  the  Sirius. 

THE  START  DOWN  THE  RIVER. 

The  Staten  Island  flagship  was  a  king  among 
ferryboats  as  she  sailed  down  past  the  city, 
where  every  peak  and  spire  and  gable  had  its 
waving  flag.  Her  decks  were  laden  with  every 
species  of  civic  dignity  from  an  ex-President 
down.  Her  patent  feathering  paddle-wheel  cut 
the  water  with  the  neatness  and  precision  of  a 
meat-axe.  Streamers  floated  from  every  available 
point  on  rigging  or  railing.  A  white-helmeted 
band,  from  the  small  State  of  Rhode  Island, 
made  a  large  noise  on  the  lower  deck,  and  every 
body  was  happy  in  the  enjoyment  of  Staten 
Island  hospitality,  except  the  man  who  couldn't 
get  a  seat  and  the  wife  whose  better  half  was 
last  seen  on  the  ferryboat. 

On  the  hurricane  deck  and  in  the  capacious 
pilot  houses  were  ex-President  Hayes,  Chauncey 
M.  Depew,  Senator  Sherman,  Governor  Foraker, 
Governor  Luce,  of  Michigan,  Governor  Hovey, 
the  soldierly  Executive  of  Indian  i,  and  Governor 
Dillingham,  of  Vermont.  Mr.  Wiman  and  Cap 
tain  Emmons,  president  of  the  Rapid  Transit 
Company,  entertained  these  and  many  other  well- 
known  people  with  geographical  information  and 
dissertations  on  the  great  mistake  Washington 
made  in  not  bridging  the  Kills  and  coming  up 
to  New-York  by  rapid  transit  instead  of  paddling 
along  in  a  little  boat.  Ex-Secretary  Bayard  sat 
on  the  saloon  roof  and  studied  the  seaward  pros 
pect  with  the  steady  gaze  of  a  helmsman  of  the 
Ship  of  State.  Governor  Gordon,  of  Georgia, 
braced  his  sturdy  form  against  the  stiff  westerly 
wind  which  blew  with  playful  freedom  through 
the  extensive  mustachios  of  Lieutenant-Governor 
Jones.  Senor  Romero,  the  Minister  from  the 
sister  Republic  of  Mexico,  gazed  on  the  pageant 
of  the  American  Navy,  collected  under  th**  pro 
tecting  shadow  of  Liberty's  goddess,  and  silently 
compared  it  with  the  Mexican  armament.  Dr. 
Greorge  B.  Loring,  ex-Commissioner  of  Agriculture 
and  newly-appointed  Minister  to  Portugal,  kept 
his  portly  form  and  square  New-England  coun 
tenance  turned  to  the  sunshine  as  the  steamer 
hauled  around  the  Bobbins  Reef  beacon  and  sped 
down  the  Kill  toward  Elizabethport. 

The  Staten  Island  shores  were  lined  with  people 
«s  the  pride  of  the  Staten  Island  navy  passed  by 
with  her  load  of  Governors,  and  the  Staten  Island 
Fire  Department  tun.ed  out  with  jangling  gong 
and  rattling  truck  to  parade  along  the  short' 
and  show  the  world  th:i«.  the  spirit  of  1  789  was  not 
frozen  in  Staten  Island  veins.  The  ancient  mar 
iners  arranged  in  front  of  the  Sailors'  Snug  Harbor 
cheered,  and  all  the  little  steamboats  tooted  in 
chorus  as  the  Governors  swept  onward  to  meet 
the  coming  President, 

A    HALT   FOR   LUNCHEON. 

A  little  belore  11  o'clock  the  ferryboat  lay  to 
within  sight  of  Elizabeth  port  and  the  white  funnel 
of  the  Despatch,  when  an  ample  luncheon  provided 


by  Mr.  Wiman  was  served  to  the  crowd  of  not 
ables  on  board.  After  drifting  in  the  stream  for 
half  an  hour  and  dodging  the  more  inquisitive 
and  less  respectful  steamers  -which  pushed  in  ahead 
and  did  their  best  to  cut  off  the  view  of  the  dig 
nitaries  on  board,  the  sight  of  a  dozen  yachts  and 
tugs  foaming  down  the  channel  in  advance  of  the 
much-decorated  cratt  that  bore  the  Presidential 
party  put  new  life  into  waiting  souls.  Behind 
the  Despatch  came  the  City  of  Hudson,  with  Gov 
ernor  Green  and  five  or  six  hundred  New- Jersey 
officials  on  board.  As  the  Despatch  steamed  by, 
Captain  Frank  II.  Braisted,  of  the  Wiman,  rang 
to  reverse  the  engine,  and  swung  into  line  behind 
the  Presidential  steamer. 

Then  began  the  usual  race  into  which  a  "  marine 
pageant"  usually  degenerates.  If  the  general 
opinion  of  the  Wiman's  passengers  could  be  formu 
lated,  it  would  be  that  there  is  no  more  free  and 
untrammelled  soul  in  this  land  of  freedom  than  a 
tugboat  captain  in  the  midst  of  a  "  marine 
pageant,"  unless  possibly  it  may  be  an  iron-steam 
boat  captain  in  a  like  situation.  He  laughs  at 
admirals  and  rear-acunirals,  regulations  and  procla 
mations.  He  puts  on  a  full  head  of  steam  and 
goes  for  a  position  at  a  respectful  distance  of  about 
three  feet  from  the  object  of  his  curiosity,  whether 
the  same  be  an  English  cutter  or  an  American 
Chief  Magistrate. 

Still,  the  general  spectacle  was  in  no  way  marred 
by  this  introversion  of  the  procession.  As  the  fleet 
swept  out  of  the  Kills  into  the  Bay,  the  broadside 
of>  admiring  exclamations  from  the  three-decked 
ferryboat  became  audible  even  above  the  roaring 
whistles  and  spiteful  cannonading.  All  points  on 
the  boat  were  equally  advantageous  points  of 
view,  for  in  whatever  direction  the  eye  turned 
there  were  miles  of  streaming  bunting,  yellow 
spars,  black  funnels,  tooting  whistles,  rolling  ships 
and  bobbing  boats,  all  roofed  by  endless  vistas 
of  fleecy  cloud  arches  and  floored  by  the  sun- 
flecked  water  of  the  harbor. 

A  LITTLE  SKIFF  NEARLY  RUN  OVER. 

When  the  Despatch  pulled  up  to  free  herself 
from  the  reckless  little  skiff  that  got  in  her  way 
and  nearly  had  the  honor  of  being  sunk  by  a  boat 
that  bore  the  President,  and  the  big  steamers 
moved  right  and  left  in  their  efforts  to  keep  from 
running  one  another  down',  the  passengers  on  the 
Wiman  were  not  so  sorry  that  their  boat  was  a 
little  in  the  rear.  After  this  little  incident  was 
over  and  the  line  of  march  taken  up  again,  the 
flotilla  swept  onward  past  the  men-of-war,  the 
ghostly  white  Boston,  the  Atlanta,  with  her  dirty 
yellow  upper  work  and  general  air  of  an  English 
tramp,  past  the  big  square-rigged  Brooklyn,  past 
the  handsome  cruiser  Chicago,  until  finally  the 
wheels  of  the  Wiman  stopped  turning  when  she 
bumped  up  against  the  outermost  of  the  flotilla 
of  tugs  that  surrounded  the  President's  steamer, 
off  the  foot  of  Wall-st.  To  the  Governors  and 
their  friends  it  looked  as  though  the  old  ship 
masters  would  have  to  make  several  portages  over 
intervening  tugs,  if  they  expected  to  take  General 
Harrison  ashore  in  their  barge. 

THE    PRESIDENT    LANDED    BY   THE    OLD    SALTS. 

At  length,  however,  a  way  was  opened  up,  and 
when  Captain  Braisted  and  a  hundred  other  quick- 
eyed  pilots  caught  sight  of  the  gleaming  high  hats 
and  patent  leather  shoes  of  the  venerable  old  tars, 
with  their  boatload  of  Presidential  dignity,  a 
hundred  hands  pulled  as  many  whistles,  and  a  roar 
broke  forth  that  must  have  reached  Washington  in 
his  tomb  at  Mount  Vernon. 

The  strangers  among  the  passengers  on  the 
Wiman  stared  in  wonder  at  the  solid  masses  of 
people  on  wharves  and  housetops,  and  at  the 
great  Bridge,  which  from  a  necklace  of  diamonds 
by  night  had  become  a  belt  of  jet  by  day,  so  black 
was  it  with  accumulated  humanity.  Captain 
Braisted  ran  his  boat  into  her  slip  at  South  Ferry 
and  allowed  a  large  part  of  her  cargo  to  laud,  then 
steamed  to  Twenty-third-st.  and  landed  the  rest 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


11! 


of  a  well- satisfied  party,  thoroughly  pleased  with 
Erastus  Wiman,  both  man  aud  boat,  and  content 
with  all  things  excepting  tugboats. 

Among  those  who  were  aboard  or  on  the  Mon- 
mouth  were  Thomas  A.  Edison  and  family,  John 
C.  Claflin,  Edward  P.  Ames,  Minister  Preston,  dean 
of  the  diplomatic  corps;  Minister  Carter,  General 
Greely,  Mr.  Curry,  ex-Minister  to  Spain ;  F.  B. 
Thurber,  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
Batcheller,  Congressman  C.  S.  Baker,  Theodore 
Roosevelt,  William  Barnes  and  Will  L.  Lloyd,  of 
Albany;  Hamilton  Fish,  jr.,  Assemblyman  F.  S. 
Gibbs,  Assemblyman  Sperry,  of  Brooklyn ;  Senator 
Francis  llendricks.  Mahlon  Chance,  Charles 
Watrous,  ,1.  M.  Davis.  Arthur  Leary,  II.  G.  Mar- 
quand,  Mrs.  Austin  Corbin  and  Mrs.  A.  J.  King 
and  daughters. 


THE  VESSELS  IN  LINE. 


LONG  LISTS   OF   ALL   KINDS   OF   CRAFT. 


HOW  THE  NAVAL,  PARADE,  WAS  FORMED— NAMES 
OF    BHIPS    AND    STEAMERS. 

The  list  of  vessels  that  joined  in  the  Naval 
parade  showed  a  number  of  war  ships  and  other 
Government  craft  such  as  is  seldom  brought  to 
gether  in  one  harbor.  As  the  long  line  moved 
on  its  way  the  Naval  vessels  appeared  in  the  fol 
lowing  order:  The  Chicago,  the  flagship;  Kear- 
Earge,  Yantic,  Essex,  Brooklyn,  Atlanta,  James, 
town,  Juniata,  Yorktown,  Boston. 

In  the  revenue  division  were  the  cruise  steam, 
boats  U.  S.  Grant,  Samuel  Dexter,  Albert  Gallatin 
and  Alexander  Hamilton;  the  harbor  fugs  Man 
hattan  and  G.  Washington,  and  the  W.  E. 
Chandler. 

The  yacht  division  was  headed  by  the  Electra 
and  included  numerous  yachts  belonging  to  clubs 
which  appeared  in  the  following  order:  New- York 
Yacht  Ciub,  Atlantic,  Corinthian,  Seawanhaka, 
American  and  Larchmont. 

Hardly  less  brilliant  than  the  Naval  fleet  was 
the  imposing  array  of  the  merchant  marine,  ar 
ranged  in  two  columns  opposite  the  frownino- 
men-of-war.  Bedecked  with  flags  and  bunting 
and  with  streamers  flying,  the  long  lines  of  huge 
boats  made  a  memorable  sight.  Early  in  the  morn- 
ing  the  flagships  Bergen  and  Vosburgh  were  busy 
arranging  the  positions  of  the  boats  accordin°  to 
orders.  By  10  o'clock  they  were  all  in  line, 
and,  with  the  men-of-war,  awaited  the  approach 
of  the  President.  The  boats  were  arranged  in  two 
divisions,  in  charge  of  the  senior  and  junior  rear- 
admirals,  each  divisions  consisting  of  five  squad 
rons,  each  of  which  was  commanded  bv  a  com 
modore. 

The  first  division  was  formed  in  the  Upper  Bay 
with  its  head  opposite  the  Burtis  drydock,  Bed 
liook,  Brooklyn.  The  Qther  vessels  went  into  line 
astern  of  the  flagship  in  the  order  given  below 
stretching  out  toward  Stapleton,  Staten  Island'. 
The  second  division  was  formed  somewhat  west 
of  the  first  division,  with  its  head  close  to  Buoy 
No.  20.  The  smaller  boats  were  anchored  toward 
the  channel.  There  was  no  confusioa  whatever 
along  the  lines,  as  the  system  of  signals  was 
perfect  and  well  understood,  every  man  know 
ing  his  orders.  The  names  of  the  boats,  as  they 
stood  in  line,  were  as  follows : 

Vice- Admiral  C.   W.   Woolsey,    Commanding  Fleet. 

Flagship— Steamer    Bergen. 

Fleet-Captain-D.   M.   Munger. 

Fleet-Lieutenant—Leon   Ab'bett,   jr. 

Fleet-Secretary— J.  J.  Devlan. 

Rear- Admiral  F.   W.   Vosburgh. 


DIVISION   NO.    1. 

Squadron  No.  1.— Commodore  Isaac  Ii.  Fisher. 
Flagship— Fanny   Skeer. 

Commander,  George  W.  King— Tug  Robert  Burnett. 
Lieutenant,  W.  Reeves— Tug  J.  B.  Mitchell. 
Steamboat  Mary  Powell. 
Steamship  Wyanoke,   Old  Dominion  Line. 
Steamboat  City  of  Springfield,  C.  C.  Goodrich,  Hartford. 
Steamboat  City  of  Richmond,  C.  C.  Goodrich,  Hartford. 
Steamboat  Cape  Charles,   S.   Starbuck. 
Steamboat  St.   Johns,   W.    B.    Brovvnson. 
Steamboat  Pegasus,    W.   F.    Parker. 
Steamboat  Taurus,   W.   F.   Parker. 
Steamboat  Cepheus,   W.   F.   Parker. 
Steamboat  Cetus,  W.  F.  Parker. 
Steamboat  City  of  Kingston,  W.  S.  Van  Keuren. 
Steamboat  S.  Brennan,  G.  F.  Britton. 
Steamboat  Thomas  Morgan,   Russell  Beecher. 
Steamboat  Eli/a  Hancox,  E.  W.  Price. 
Steamboat  Perseus,   Captain  George  L.   Norton. 
Steamboat  Catskill,   E.   M.  Craig. 
Steamboat  Crystal  Wave,   Bridgeport  S.   B.   Co. 
Steamboat  Waterbury,   Bridgeport  S.  B.  Co. 
Steamboat  City  of  Hudson,   Eras'ais  Wiman. 

Squadron  No.  2.— Commodore  William  H.  Hooker. 
Steamboat  Block  Island,  Vermast  C.  R.  R. 
Flagship— Tug  Ives. 

Commander,   P.  II.  Marshall— Tug   A.   C.  Rose. 
Steamboat  City  of  Albany,   Norwalk  S.  B.   Co. 
Steamboat  Morrisania,   G.   A.  Wright. 
Steamboat  Thomas  Hunt,  J.  H.  Vrooman. 
Steamboat  Pomona,  George  H.  Devan. 
Steamboat   Rosedale,    Amory   J.    Smith,    Bridgeport. 
Steamboat  Idlewild,   S.  Woolsey. 
Steamboat  Chrystenah,    James   E.    Morris. 
Steamboat  Harlem,    N.    &  E.  River  S.   B.   Co. 
Steamboat  Shady  Side,  N.   &  E.  River  S.  B.  Co. 
Steamboat  Naugatuck,    C.    H.    Smith. 
Steamboat   Ruegles,    C.    H.    Smith. 
Steamboat  D.  'S.   Miller,   Captain  E.   D.   Carpenter. 
Steamboat  John  Lennox,   A.  Jaeckel. 
Steamboat  Charles  A.  Silliman,  A.  McKenzie. 
Propeller  Thomas  McManus,   E.   J.   Hamilton. 

Squadron  No.  3.— Commodore  W.  C.  Egerton. 

Flagship— Tug  Howard  Carroll. 

Commander,    Charles  F.    Harris— Tug   Howard   Carroll- 

Lieutenant   E.    Rowan— Tug    Kanuck. 

Steamboat  John  Sylvester,  William  Warton. 

Ferryboat    Erastus   Wiman,    F.    S.    Gannon. 

Ferryboat  Northfleld,  F.   S.   Gannon. 

Ferryboat  Southfleld,  F.    S.   Gannon. 

Ferryboat  Brooklyn,  Union  Ferry  Co. 

Ferryboat  West  Brooklyn,  Ambrose. 

Ferryboat  South  Brooklyn,  Ambrose. 

Ferryboat  F.   P.  James.  F.   Jansen. 

Tug  with  barge  J.   A.   Griswold,  Myers  &  Co. 

Tug  with  barge  Susquehanna,  Myers  &  Co. 

Tug  with  barge  Myers,   Myers  &  Co. 

Tu<*  with  barge  Walter  Sands,    Myera   &  Co. 

Tug  with  barge  Morton,  Myers  <fe  Co. 

Tug  with  barge  St.   John's  Guild,   Myers  &  Co. 

Propeller  Calvin  Tompkins,   Newark  Cement  Co. 

Steam-yacht  Susquehanna. 

Steam-yacht  "Ungowa. 

Steam-yacht  Volante. 

Steam-yacht  Dashaway. 

Steam-yacht  Myrtle. 

Steam-yacht  Lagonda. 

Squadron  No.  4.— Commodore  Charles  A.  Pool. 
Flagship— Tue  Ivanhoe. 
Commander,  H.  R.  Mills-Tug  C.  M.  Bepew. 
Lieutenant,    Samuel  Stokes— Tug  C.   M.   Depew. 
Tug  C.  C.  Clark.  N.  T.  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R- 
Tug  Interstate,  N.  Y.  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R. 
Tug  Red  Ash,  C.  R.  of  N-  J. 
Tug  White  Ash.  C.  R.  of  N.  J. 
Tug  Bayonne,  C.  R.  of  N.  J. 
Tug  Essex,  C.  R-  of  N.  J. 
Tue  A.  C.  Cheney.   A.  C.  Cheney. 
Tug  Terror,  A.  C.  Cheney. 
Tug  Cornelia,  A.  C.  Cheney. 
Tug  Christina,  A.  C.  Cheney. 
Tug  Honeysuckle,  A.  C.  Cheney. 

&5  fcVfe  S:  ¥:  £ 1 1:  S  £ 1 

Tu^  Ariosa,  Henry  Dubois  Sons, 

Tug  F.  V.  Dalzell. 

Tusr  C.  P.  Raymond. 

Tug  Indian 

Tug  F.  Woodruff. 

Tug  Storm  King. 

Tug  Herald. 

Squadron  No.  5.— Commodore  Charles  N.  Boyer. 
Flagship— Tug  S.  R.  St.  John. 
Commander,  Crank  W.  Boyer— Steam-lighter  Clara, 
Lieutenant  T.  Frank  Shortland— Tug  James  Watts. 
Freight-boat  L.  Boyer. 
Steam-li0hter  Amelia. 
Steam-lighter  Climax. 
Steam-lighter  General  Franz  Sigel. 
Steam-liehter  Mills. 
Steam-liehter  Border  City. 
Steam-lighter  Admiral. 
Steam-liehter  Etta  Moore. 
Steam-lighter  Rosedale. 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTKNAUY. 


Tug  Mercedes. 

Tug   Atlanta. 

Tug  Thomas  Shortland. 

Tug  Governor  Morgan. 

Tug  If.  C.  Whipple. 

Tut:   l)oa  Juan. 

Tug  T.  E.  Van  Houten. 

Tug  John  A.  Carnie. 

Strain-barge  Susan. 

Tug  Spray. 

Tug  J.  J.  Drlscoll 

Steam-lighter  Sturtevant. 

Propeller  Joanna. 

Tug  J.  C.  Adams,  F.  W.  Vosburgh. 

Tug  Erie.  Captain  Richard  Jones. 

Tug  E.  Ileipershauser. 

Rear- Admiral  J.  W.  Miller. 

DIVISION  NO.  2. 

Squadron  No.   6— Commodore   P.   G.   Osborn. 
Flagship— Tug  Pennsylvania. 

Commander,  D.   C.  Chase— Tug  John  E.  Bernard. 
Lieutenant,    W.    W.    Beebe— lug   C.    A.    Sumner. 
Steamboat  Francis. 
Tug  America,  P.  11.  R. 
Tug  Belvidere,  P.  11.   ll. 
Tug  Delaware,  P.  R.  R. 
Tug  Ilarsimus,  P.  R.  R. 
Tug  Pittsburg,  P.  R.  R. 
Tug  Renova,   P.  R.   R. 
Tug  Uncle  Ab»,  P.   R.   R. 
Tug  Mercer,  P.   R.   R. 
Steam  lighter  Transit,    P.   R.    R. 
Steam  lighter  Despatch,   P.   R.    R. 
Steam  lighter  T.    M.    Watson,   P.   R.   R. 
Tug  Raritan,    P.   R.    R. 
Tug   Amboy,    P.    R.    R. 
Tug   Jessie,    P.    R.    11. 
Tug  Winnie,    P.   R.    R. 
Tug   Willie,    P.    R.    R. 
Tug  Clara,    P.   R.    R. 

Tug  Joseph  Stickney,    Scully's  Towing  Co. 
Tug  R.  F.  Cahill,  Scully's  Towing  Co. 
Tug  Senator  T.   C.    Chace,    Scully's  Towing  Co. 
Tug  E.    A.   Packer,    Scully's  Towing  Co. 
Tug  Mary  Ann,  Scully's  Towing  Co. 
Tug  Mirage,   Scully's  Towing  Co. 
Tug  R.   H.   Rathburn,   Isaac  L.  Fisher. 
Tug  Robert  Lockhart,   Isaac  L.   Fisher. 
Tug  George  Iloyt,   Isaac  L.  Fisher. 
Tug  R.  H.  Packer,  Isaac  L,.  Fisher. 
Tug  Mamie  Lamberton,  Isaac  L.   Fisher. 
Tug  Mary  ii.  Packer,  Isaac  I*.  Fiyher. 
Tug  J.  O.  Wilbur,  Isaac  L.  Fisher. 
Tug  Sally  P.  Linderman,  Isaac  Jj.  Fisher. 
Tug  Isaac  L.  Fisher,  Isaac  L.  Fisher. 
Tug  C.  R.  Stone,  Isaac  L.  Fisher. 
Tug  Young   America,    Isaac  L.    Fisher. 

Squadron  No.  7— Commodore  J.  G-.   Emmons. 
Flagship— Steamboat    William    Fletcher. 
Commander,  J.    H.    Van   Wie— Tug  Edwin   Hawley. 
Lieutenant,   J.   P.  Wooley— Tug   J.   G.   Emmons. 
Steamboat    J.    G.    Emmons. 
Steamboat   Rosa. 
Steamboat    J.    E.    Moore. 
Steamboat   George    Starr. 
Tug    Lewis    Pulver. 
Tug  Glen   Island. 
Tug   Virginia   Jackson. 
Tug    Volunteer. 

Tug    Glen   Cove,    N.    F.    Mason. 
Tug  Emma  J.   Kennedy,  W.    Kennedy. 
Tug  Charles  H.  Runyan,  S.  L'Hommedieu. 
Tug  Cornelia,   S.   L'Hommedieu. 
Tug  Ceres,  S.  L'Hommodiou. 
Tug   Guiding   Star,    S.    Li'Hommedieu. 
Tug    Quickstep,    S.    Li'IIommedieu. 
Tug  A.   K&uffman,  Tlce  Towing  Co. 
Tug  Chas.  E.  Soper,  Tice  Towing  Co. 
Tug  N.  L.   Tice,   Tice  Towing  Co. 
Tug  Philip   Hoffman,    Tice  Towing   Co. 
Tug  E.  M.  Mlllard,  N.  Y.  Harbor  Towboat  Co. 
Tug  Jaa    A.   Garfield,   McCaldron  Bros. 
Tug  S.  T.  Stranahan,    McCaldron  Bros. 

Squadron  No.  8— Commodore  L.  Luckenbach. 
Flagship — Tug  Ocean  King. 

Commander,    Edward   Luckenbach— Tug   Luckenbach. 
Lieutenant,   S.   S.   Cantari. 
Tug  L.   C.    Ward. 
Tug  Scandinavian. 
Tug    Batter. 

Tug  Howard,  J.  H.  Van  Wie. 
Tug  Baltic,   J.   H.  Van  Wie. 
Tug  H.   S.  Nichols. 
Tug   Geo.   W.    Wright. 
Tug  W.  E.   Street,   A.   B.   Valentine. 
Tug  Edwin  Terry,   A.    B.   Valentine. 
Tug  R.   J.   Townsend,    A.   B.   Valentine. 
Tug  J.  C.  Hartt.  A.  B.  Valentine. 
Tug  Reindeer,  V.  Vierow. 
Tug  Brandon,  V.  Vierow. 
Tug  Jason,   V.    Vierow. 
Tug  Reba,  V.  Vierow. 
Tug  A.  P.  Skldmore,  McWillinms  Bros. 
Tug  Thos.   Purcell,   jr..   McWilliams  Bros. 
Tug  Municipal,  J.  S.  Coleman. 
Tug  F.   Dassorl,   J.   S.   Coleman. 


Squadron  No.   9.— Commodore  R.   C.    Velt. 
Flagship— Tug  Astral. 

Commander,    William  Evans— Tug  Imperator. 
Lieutenant,  Charles  II.  Beardsley— Tug  Daylight. 
TU2   Nonpareil. 
Tim  F.  W.  Devoe. 
Tug  Poc;ili(int;is,  E.  Rowan. 
Tug   Victoria,  E.  Rowan. 
Tug  Komuck,   E.   Rowan. 
Tun   (Jrmini.   S.   B.   Greacen. 
Tug  F.mma  Kate   Ross,   Ross  Sanford. 
Tug  Mary  J.  Sanford,  Ross  Sanford. 
Tug  Lillian  M.  Harty,  Hoss  Sanford. 
Tii'-r  ivlward  Armorie,  A.  R.  Giay  &  Co. 
Tug  S.  J.  Lenox,  T.  W.  Woolsey. 
Tug  F.  J.  Brown,  Brown  &,  Fleming. 
Tug  R.  S.  Garrett,  Brown  &  Fleming. 
Tug  Excelsior,   PTowland. 
Tug  Alberta  M.,  C.  A.  Macrea. 
Tug  Ripplo,  Manhattan  Towing  Company. 
I'l-opelliT  Star,  Robert  Thorp. 
Propeller  Leader,  E.  Babcock. 

Squadron  No.    10— Commodore  M.   Moran. 
Flagship— Tug  James  A.  Dumont. 
Commander,  G.  E.   Denning— Tug  J.  E.  Wallace. 
Lieutenant,  G.  F.  Moran— Tug  George  L.  Garllck. 
Tug  R.  J.  Moran. 
Tug  M.  Moran. 

Tug  Belle  Hattle.  Captain  James  McCurry. 
Tug  C.  F.  Roe.  L.  LHommedieu. 
Tug  George  B.  Roe,  P.  Hoteling. 
Tug  Royal.  Frederick  Russell. 
Tus  J.  W.  Glance.  Frederick  Russell 
Tus  Mischief.  Frederick  Russell 
Tue  Vieilant.  Frederick  Russell 
Tug  Alpha,  Frederick  Russell 
Tuc  Liberty.  Hugh  Bond. 
Tus  Hugh  Bond,  Hugh  Bond. 
Tug  John  Halliard.  C,  F    Harris. 
Tug  Mary  Clinton,  C,  F.  Harris. 
Tug  R.  S.  Carter,  W.  Hughes. 
Tus  J.  G.  Stevens.  W.  Hughes. 
Tug  F.  H.  Grove,  F.  N.  Grove, 
Tue  Croton.  F.  N.  Grove. 

Steam-lighter  Josephine  B.,   with  barge  James  M.   Cal- 
iter. 

Floating  Elevator  Renovator.  E.  Annan  dk  Co. 
Sandy  Hook  Pilot  Boats. 


ON  THE  POLICE  BOAT  PATROL. 

LENDING  A  HAND  TO  SOME   UNLUCKY  OFFICIAL 
GUESTS. 

The  police  boat  Patrol  was  about  the  busiest 
vessel  in  the  harbor,  although  there  was  fortu 
nately  no  accident  or  other  mishap  to  create  a 
call  for  her  assistance  or  intervention.  She  went 
along  through  the  Kill  von  Kull  clear  to  Port 
Richmond,  where  the  Despatch  had  paused,  await 
ing  her  approach,  and  then  followed  that  vessel 
to  Wall-st.,  afterward  cruising  about  in  the  North 
River  until  the  marine  parade  had  disbanded. 
She  was  delayed  in  starting  by  her  inability  for 
some  time  to  get  to  the  pier  at  West  Twenty- 
second-st.,  the  big  propeller  Monmouth  being  at 
the  pier  to  receive  the  overflow  from  the  Erastus 
Wiman.  Even  after  the  Monmouth  had  received 
her  complement,  there  remained  hundreds  of 
people  on  the  dock,  wildly  waving  their  big  blue 
tickets,  who  tried  to  force  their  way  upon  the 
Patrol. 

So  great  was  the  rush,  indeed,  that  two-thirds 
of  the  steamboat's  crew  of  sailor-policemen  were 
required  to  open  a  pas- sage  for  those  guests  who  had 
been  specially  invited  by  the  Police  Commisioners. 
Before  this  precaution  was  taken,  a  real  panic  ap 
peared  imminent.  The  Patrol's  gangplank  was 
not  made  for  excursion  purposevS,  and  when  a 
hundred  people  tried  to  rush  upon  it  all  at  once, 
it  cracked  and  split  almost  in  two.  Several  per 
sons  narrowly  escaped  being  thrown  into  the 
water  and  only  the  most  energetic  efforts  of  Gap- 
tain  Elbert  O.  Smith  and  Commissioner  French 
prevented  a  panic. 

Besides  the  guests  previously  invited,  the  Com 
missioners  took  pity  on  several  unfortunate  guests 
of  the  Centennial  Committee.  Among  these  were 
Governor  Bulkeley.  of  Connecticut,  with  Mrs. 
Bulkeley  and  her  sister,  Miss  Houghton,  and  also 
Adjutant-General  Barbour  Surgeon-General 
Hungerford,  and  Paymaster-General  Fenn,  of  his 
staff,  W.  H.  Crocker  and  wife,  of  San  Francisco, 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


13 


and  C.  B.  Alexander  and  Mrs.  Alexander,  formerly 
Miss  Crocker.  Commissioners  .French,  McClave, 
Voorhis  and  McLean  were  all  present,  with  their 
families,  and  among  others  on  board  were  Colonel 
John  K.  Fellows,  Jordan  L.  Mott,  Appraiser 
Cooper.  Assistant  United  States  Treasurer  Ellis 
II.  lioberte.  the  Itev.  Dr.  John  Hall,  Henry  li. 
Beekman,  Major  W.  II.  Kipp  and  family,  Dr. 
Cyrus  Edson,  State  Senators  Vedder,  Laughlin 
and  Sweet,  Assemblymen  Husted,  Martin  Smith 
and  Demarest,  Judges  Van  Hoesen  and  Allen,  and 
Kear-Admiral  Ithind,  U.  S.  N.,  retired.  Inspector 
Byrnes  was  in  command. 


THE  PRESIDENT  AT  ELIZABETH. 


WELCOMED   BY  AN"  ENTHUSIASTIC   MULTI 
TUDE. 


GENERAL   HARRISON    AND    A   PARTY   OF   PROMI 
NENT    PEOPLE    TAKE    BREAKFAST    AT    THE 
HOME  OF  GOVERNOR  GREEN— GOING 

ABOARD      THE      DESPATCH. 

The  real  beginning  of  the  great  celebration  was  at 
the  time  the  President  stepped  from  the  special  train 
at  Elizabeth  at  7  :25  yesterday  morning,  anrl  that  be 
ginning  -was  as  auspicious  as  the  most  patriotic  man 
In  the  country  could  desire.  The  trip  from  Wash 
ington  to  Elizabeth  was  made  on  as 
magnificent  a  railroad  train  as  has  probably 
been  run  over  any  railroad  in  the 
world.  It  consisted,  besides  the  engine  and  tender,  of 
a  library  and  smoking  car,  the  sleeper  Premier,  of 
the  New-York  and  Chicago  limited  express;  the  sleeper 
Etrurla,  of  the  New-York  and  Cincinnati  limited  ex 
press  ;  the  sleeper  Pellon,  the  dining-car  Continental, 
of  the  New- York  and  Chicago  limited  express ;  the 
sleeper  England,  France  and  America,  of  the  New- 
York  and  Chicago  express ;  the  observation  car  Alroy, 
and  car  No.  60,  the  private  car  of  Vice- President 
Frank  Thomson,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  The 
cars  are  all  lighted  by  electricity,  heated  by  steam, 
and  are  fitted  up  with  every  appliance  luxury  could 
desire.  There  is  a  well-stocked  library  in  one  car 
and  a  complete  barber's  outfit  in  another,  and  many 
bathrooms.  All  of  the  ten  cars  were  connected  by 
vestibules,  so  that  the  passengers  could  move  about 
from  one  car  to  another  without  the  slightest  danger. 
The  committee  appointed  to  escort  the  President  from 
Washington  to  this  city,  which  was  composed  of  John 
A.  King,  John  Jay,  ex-Mayor  Edward  Cooper,  Judge 
William  H.  Robertson ,  Seth  Low,  Frank  S.  Witherbee. 
O.  B.  Potter,  James  Duane  Livingston  and  Clifford 
Stanley  Sims,  arrived  in  Washington  on  Sunday  after 
noon  and  called  on  the  President. 

AVOIDING  TRAVELLING  ON  SUNDAY. 
At  10 :40  In  the  evening  the  Presidential  party  went 
on  board  of  the  train,  but  the  start  was  not  made 
until  12 :10,  so  as  not  to  travel  on  Sunday.  Chief 
Justice  and  Mrs.  Fuller,  Justices  Blatchford  and  Field, 
and  Justice  Strong,  retired,  occupied  the  England. 
In  the  America  were  Secretary  and  Mrs.  Windom, 
the  two  Misses  Windom,  Walker  Elaine,  the  Misses 
Margaret  and  Harriet  Elaine,  Secretary  and  Mrs.  Rusk, 
son  and  daughter,  and  Lieutenant  and  Mrs.  Mason  and 
Colonel  Barr,  of  the  War  Department.  The  members 
of  the  Inaugural  Reception  Committee  occupied  the 
France.  In  the  composite  car,  the  Alroy.  were  Private 
Secretary  Halford,  Colonel  WMlson,  Lieutenant  Judson, 
Henry  W.  Raymond  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  J.  Halford. 
President  Frank  Thomson's  private  car,  No.  60,  was 
occupied  by  President  and  Mrs.  Harrison,  Mrs.  McKee, 
Mrs.  Kate  Davis  Brown,  daughter  of  ex-Senator  Davis, 
of  West  Virginia,  and  wife  of  Lieutenant  Brown,  who 
is  at  Samoa,  and  Miss  Ida  Murphy,  of  St.  Paul,  Minn- 
Secretary  Blalne  was  not  "one  of  the  party,  as  he  is 
suffering  from  an  attack  of  lumbago.  Secretary  W  ana- 
maker  Joined  the  party  when  the  train  arrived  at  Phila- 


I  delphia.  George  W.  Boyd,  assistant  general  passenger 
agent,  was  in  charge  of  the  train ;  Edward  Bailey  was 
the  engineer,  and  John  Larklns  was  the  conductor. 

Governor  Green,  of  New-Jersey,  and  the  Eliza 
beth  Reception  Committee,  went  to  Trenton  on  a 
special  car  on  Sunday  night,  and  the  car  was 
attached  to  the  special  Presldental  trai.n  at  that 
point. 

A  JOYFIUL  WELCOME   AT  ELIZABETH. 

The  arrival  of  the  special  train  at  Elizabeth  was 
accompanied  by  the  ringing  of  every  large  bell  In 
the  town,  and  a  salute  of  twenty-one  guns  was  fired 
by  the  gun  squad  of  the  3d  Regiment,  New- Jersey 
National  Guard.  Thousands  of  people  had  gathered  in 
the  streets  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  statlo.n  long 
before  the  time  announced  for  the  arrival  of  the  train. 
President  Harrison's  car  was  the  last  one,  and  when 
the  train  came  to  a  stop,  he  and  Mrs.  Harrison,  Mrs. 
McKee  and  Governor  Green  alighted  and  entered 
an  open  carriage  and  were  driven  direct  to  the 
Governor's  house,  accompanied  by  a  guard  of  honor 
on  horseback.  As  soon  as  President  Harrison  made 
his  appearance  the  crowd  began  to  cheer,  and  after 
he  had  entered  the  carriage  he  Incessantly  raised  his 
hat  and  bowed  to  the  masses  of  people  on  the  right 
and  left. 

After  the  train  had  been  placed  on  a  side  track, 
Justice  and  Mrs.  Fuller  and  Justices  Field  and  Blatch 
ford  were  driven  to  the  Governor's  home  by  another 
route  than  that  taken  by  the  President.  Vice-Presi- 
dent  and  Mrs.  Morton  arrived  at  Elizabeth  the  evening 
before,  and  were  entertained  at  the  home  of  ex-Con 
gressman  John  Kean.  They  arrived  at  Governor 
Green's  house  shortly  after  the  President  arrived 
there.  Governor  and  Mrs.  Beaver,  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  Governor  Fitz-Hugh  Lee,  of  Virginia,  arrived  at 
Elizabeth  on  Sunday  night,  and  were  entei-talned  at 
Governor  Green's  home.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Davis,  of 
Elizabeth,  with  those  already  named,  constituted  the 
party,  who  sat  down  to  breakfast  shortly  before 
8  o'clock.  Governor  Green's  house  was  magnificently 
decorated  both  inside  and  out,  the  breakfast  table 
and  dining-room  being  particularly  handsome.  Pan- 
sies  wey«  used  largely  in  the  table  decorations. 

A  RECEPTION  AND  REVIE.W. 
Shortly  before  9  o'clock  the  President  held  a  re 
ception,  at  which  many  of  the  prominent!  State  officials 
of  New-Jersey  were  introduced  to  him.  At  9  o'clock 
the  President  and  party  mounted  the  reviewing  stand, 
which  had  been  built  on  the  lawn  in  the  rear  of  the 
Governor's  house,  and  reviewed  the  first  two  divisions 
of  the  military  parade  which  was  to  escort  him  to 
Elizabethport.  This  is  the  part  of  the  military  parade 
that  the  President  reviewed : 

Cavalry,  Captain  J.  L.  Hammill. 

Band. 

First  Division. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  B.  F.  Lee  commanding. 

Staff  of  3d  Resrimeuts,  N.  G.  N.  J, 
Company  C,  Phil  Kearny  Guard,  Captain  and  Brevet-Major, 

W.   H.   Dellart. 

Company  H,  Captain  Gilbert  S.  Cook. 

Company  E,  Torbefi  Guard,  Captain  John  C.  Lucas. 

Company  D,   Captain  Joseph  Eay. 

Company  F,  Captain  B.  F.  Kins. 

Veteran    Zouaves,    Brevet-Brigadier-General    J.    Madison 

Drake. 
Second  Division. 

Band. 
Department    Commander   W.    B.    E.    Miller    commanding. 

Department    Staff. 

Thirty -six  G.   A.  R.  Posts. 

Three  Camps  Sons  of  Veterans. 

At  9 :25  the  President  got  in  a  carriage  with 
Governor  Green,  and  he  was  followed  by  seven  other 
carriages.  In  the  next  vehicle  after  the  President's 
were  Vice- President  Morton,  Mayor  Joseph  H.  Grler, 
of  Elizabeth,  General  William  J.  Sewell,  and  Adjutant- 
General  William  H.  Stryker.  In  the  others  were 
ex-Governors  Price,  Bodle  and  Abbett,  of  New-Jersey  ; 
ox-Congressman  Amos  Clark,  President  Werts.  of  the 
New-Jersey  State  Senate ;  Courtlandt  Parker,  Robert  S. 
Hudspeth,  Speaker  of  the  New-Jersey  Assembly; 
Benjamin  F.  Lee,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court;  Senator 
Rufus  Blodgett,  Congressmen  Bergen,  Buchanan, 
Gelsenhelmer,  Samuel  Fowler,  Herman  Lehlbach  and 
C.  D.  Beckwlth  and  five  members  of  the  Joint  Legislat 
ive  Committee.  These  carriages  were  flanked  on  the 
right  and  left  by  twelve  other  carriages,  containing 
the  guard  of  honor,  composed  of-  -members  of  tbo 


14 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  the  Washingtbn  Association, 
the  New- Jersey  Historical  Society,  and  the  Sons  of  the 
Revolution.  Then  came  forty  more  carriages,  con 
taining  the  members  of  the  Committee  of  Reception 
ol  the  city  of  Elizabeth,  the  Centennial  Committee 
of  the  Board  of  Trade,  the  City  Council,  the  Board  of 
Education,  the  city  officers,  the  Freeholders  of  Union 
County,  committees  from  boards  of  trade  of  Trenton. 
Newark  and  Jersey  City,  and  the  Mayors  of  the  neigh- 
boring  cities.  The  organizations  of  the  other  five 
divisions  were  composed  as  follows : 

Third  Division. 

Aid  S.   TJ.   Moore,    jr.,   commanding. 
Cavalry,   Captain  J.    L.    Jlammill. 

Band. 

Odd  Fellows. 

Junior  Order  United  American  Mechanics. 
Platt  Deutsch  Verein. 

Band. 

Uniform  Rank,   Knights  of  Pythias,   Colonel  Wilson  com 
manding. 
Boys   In    Continental    Uniform    to   represent   the   Original 

States. 
Lafayette  Guards  in  Continental  Uniform,   Captain  M.   S. 

Knights   of   St.    John.    Captain   Edward   Olmsted. 

Fourth  Division. 
Cavalry.    Captain   George    Bennett,    commanding. 

Drum  Corps. 
Ancient     Order     of.     Hibernians,     John     Ilaggerty     com* 

manding. 

Fifth  Division. 

Agricultural  Society   of  Union   County,    Dennis  C.    Crane 

commanding. 
Sixth  Division. 

Firemen,  Chief  Engineer  William  J.  Mahoney. 
Assistant   Chief   Engineers   Louis   C.    Nau,    George    Rabig 

and  ten  companies. 
Seventh  Division. 

Colored   Citizens,    Major   Josiah   Richardson    commanding. 
Cavalry,  Count  Leo  Ch.   De  Balesky  commanding. 

THE   MARCH   TO    ELIZABETHPORT. 

These  were  drawn  up  on  the  sides  of  the  streets 
on  the  lino  of  march,  and  the  first  two  divisions, 
with  the  President  and  escort  In  carriages,  passed 
between  the  two  lines,  and  all  of  the  organizations 
then  fell  In  line  In  the  order  named  and  marched  to 
Elizabethport.  All  along  the  route  of  the  parade  the 
President  was  greeted  with  continued  cheering,  .brom 
the  time  that  he  got  Into  his  carriage  at  the  Gover 
nor's  house  until  he  got  out  of  It  again  at  Eliz-u 
bethport  there  were  but  few  periods  of  a  minute  s 
duration  when  he  was  not  raising  his  hat  and  bowing 
to  the  multitudes.  He  was  particularly  cordial  In  his 
salutations  to  the  Grand  Army  men,  especially  when 
several  companies  passed  at  the  review  bearing 
stained  and  dilapidated  battle  flags. 

There  were  three  triumphal  arches  to  be  passed 
through  on  the  way  to  Elizabethport.  The  first  one, 
at  Broad  and  East  Jersey  sts.  was  made  of  evergreens, 
tastefully  decorated  with  flags  and  bunting.  The  sec 
ond  and  most  interesting  arch  was  at  Elizabeth  and 
the  Cross-Roads.  On  It  were  stationed  forty-nine 
pretty  girls,  dressed  in  costumes  representing  forty- 
two  States  and  seven  Territories.  As  the  President 
rode  under  It,  he  was  showered  with  flowers  thrown  by 
the  girls  on  the  arch.  The  last  arch  was  at  First  and 
Fulton  sts.,  In  Elizabethport.  The  decorations  of  the 
houses  along  the  route  of  the  parade  were  elaborate 
and  handsome.  Several  old  houses  on  the  vrav  have  at 
different  times  been  made  famous  by  the  visits  of  noted 
persons,  among  them  being  one  where  Washington  anrl 
Lafayette  had  both  stopped  at  different  times,  and  the 
decorations  on  these  houses  were  particularly  hand- 
gome.  Many  stands  were  also  erected  along  the  route. 
At  about  the  time  that  the  procession  got  well  under 
way  the  sun  came  out,  and  lent  an  additional  bright 
ness  to  the  scene,  mado  more  welcome  by  contrast 
with  the  number  of  gloomy  days  which  had  preceded 
yesterday. 

GOING  ON  BOARD  THE  DESPATCH. 
After  the  President  had  departed  from  the  Gov 
ernor's  house  the  other  members  of  his  party  returned 
to  the  special  train,  which  was  standing  on  a  siding, 
and  the  train  proceeded  to  Elizabethport,  arriving 
there  at  about  the  same  time  that  the  President  did. 
The  wort  of  embarking  from  the  «Joat  of  Alcyon 
boat-house  was  then  begun.  The  President  and  Vlce- 


President  were  first  taken  on  board  of  the  Despatch, 
and  the  yards  were  manned  by  the  sailors.  The  mem 
bers  of  the  Cabinet  were  then  taken  on  board,  and  the 
other  members  of  the  President's  party  went  on  board 
of  the  Sirius.  Tho  New- Jersey  officials  and  guests 
were  taken  on  board  of  the  Meteor,  and  amid  the  boom 
ing  of  guns,  the  screeching  of  steam  whistles,  the  wav 
ing  of  flags,  and  the  cheering  of  the  multitudes  on  th» 
boats  and  on  the  shore  the  vessels  steamed  toward  the- 
Bay. 


THE  LANDING  AT  WALL-ST. 


RECEIVED    BY    ENORMOUS    CROWDS    HOT 
WITH  ENTHUSIASM. 


HOW    THE    PRESIDENT    WAS    TAKEN    ASHORE— 

DIFFICULTY  IN  CLEARING  HIS  PATH  BOTH 

ON  LAND  AND  WATER— BRIEF  SPEECHES 

OF  WELCOME— THE  PROCESSION  TO 

THE    EQUITABLE   BUILDING. 

Wall-st.  prepared  itself  an  at  early  hour  for  the 
greeting  to  the  President  and  his  party.  It  put  the 
finishing  touches  to  its  decorations :  it  massed  an 
enormous  crowd  from  Trinity  Church  down  to 
the  East  River  ferry,  and  it  gathered  a  goodly 
number  of  spectators  who  never  knew  anything 
about  stocks,  except  stocks  of  lemonade  and  sand 
wiches  for  the  thirsty  and  hungry,  in  the  vast 
multitude  of  sightseers.  It  hadn't  been  able  to- 
close  all  its  business,  for  the  banks  were  com 
pelled  to  be  open,  and  there  wore  n  >tes  anil  drafts 
to  be  met  and  provided  for  in  the  absence  of  the 
usual  attendance  of  bankers  and  brokers.  But 
the  financial  business  community  worked  in  unison 
to  reduce  every  matter  of  this  sort  to  a  minimum, 
and  the  utmost  liberality  consistent  with  safety 
was  exercised  by  the  institutions  which  form  the- 
Clearing  House.  Ample  warn  ing,  too,  had  been 
given  for  ihe  arrangement,  of  obligations,  f tilling 
due  yesterday,  and  they  were  carried  out  with  a 
minimum  of  friction. 

While  the  banks  were  kept  open  during  the  legal 
hours,  their  officers  were  more  anxious  about*  the 
attire  of  their  buildings  and,  where  they  fronted 
the  line  of  march,  about  providing  accommodations 
for  friends  who  wanted  to  see  President  Harrison 
than  about  the  details  of  the  banking  operations 
necessitated  by  their  open  doors  and  counters. 
There  was  one  blaze  of  red.  white  and  biue.  the 
colors  united  in  an  interminable  variety  of  de 
signs,  brightening  each  side  of  Wall-st.,  from  one 
end  to  the  other,  witli  flashes  from  the  side  streets, 
which  proved  that  the  patriotic  spirit  did  not 
wait  upon  the  accident  of  position.  Along  the 
river  front  the  profusion  of  flags,  banners  and 
bunting  made  a  broad  bar  of  color  to  face  the 
admiration  of  the  Presidential  party  when  they 
landed  at  the  river  pier.  The  shields  which 
blazoned  the  platform  of  the  Sub-Treasury  were 
rivalled  by  decorations  opposite  exhibiting  the 
coats-of-arms  of  the  original  States  of  the  Union, 
while  the  numerous  representations  of  Washing 
ton  lent  variety  to  the  general  display,  even  if 
they  failed  to  reflect  historically  accurate  pictures 
of  the  first  President  of  the  Nation. 

Not  a  building  failed  to  present  a  front  adorned 
with  the  National  emblems  and  colors,  and  the 
early  stroller-by  had  to  decide  only  a  question  of 
which  facade  bore  the  most  gorgeous  tints  or  the 
most  graceful  draperies.  Mighty  folds  of  giant 
flags  and  great  stretches  of  tri-colorod  bunting 
veiled  the  Custom  House  in  a  brilliancy  that 
seemed  to  be  wedded  with  a  dignity  appropriate 
to  the  gloomy  grandeur  of  the  building.  In  ar 
rangement  they  were  the  simplest  of  the  adorn 
ments  with  which  Wall-st.  was  apparelled,  but 
they  won  the  full  meed  of  admiration,  e^en  if 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


15 


the  eye  turned  with  gratification  to  the  more 
varied  decorations  that  beautified  the  stately  build 
ings  that  reared  their  fronts  near  by. 

Even  the  splendid  attractions  of  the  marine 
parade  had  not  drawn  all  the  sightseers  to  boat, 
or  Battery,  or  house-top.  Before  10  o'clock  in 
the  morning  Wall-st.  and  every  street  leading  to  it 
were  filled  with  moving  throngs,  and  as  the  hour 
of  noon  approached  every  roof-top  and  window 
down  to  the  East  Raver  was  loaded  with  piles  of 
humanity.  As  noon  approached  the  drift  of  the 
throng  was  toward  the  foot  of  Wall-st..  but  their 
places  were  not  left  vacant  an  instant  by  the 
men,  women  and  children  who  pressed  upon  them 
from  the  rear. 

Down  on  the  covered  East  River  pier,  at  the 
foot  of  Wall-st.,  committeemen  and  police  officials 
in  charge  of  the  arrangements  were  early  on  hand. 

Members  of  the  Centennial  Committee,  people 
who  were  to  take  part  in  the  Presidential  escort, 
police  officers  in  spick-and-span  new  uniforms, 
and  reporters  soon  made  a  considerable  crowd. 
The  river  front  on  the  Brooklyn  side  sent  over 
flashes  of  color  when  the  sun  shot  out  its  rays 
from  the  half-haze  which  at  times  dimmed  the 
sky,  but  a  strange  appearance  of  loneliness  was 
worn  by  the  docks  and  piers,  deserted  by  the  craft 
that  usually  attend  them.  And  while  the  people 
on  tht  pier  were  waiting  for  the  signal  of  Presi 
dent  Harrison's  arrival,  occasional  notes  from  the 
bugle  or  trumpet  were  wafted  in  from  the  street, 
where  dozens  of  bluecoats  were  keeping  outside 
of  the  police  lines  thousands  of  spectators,  and 
where  the  regular  troops  and  the  veterans  of  the 
militia  and  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  were 
forming  in  files  that  lined  both  sides  of  Wall-st., 
reading  to  wheel  into  position  for  the  escorting  of 
the  Centennial  guests  to  the  Equitable  Building. 
Occasional  cheers  rent  the  air,  as  if  the  waiting 
multitude  sought  for  some  variety  to  its  long 
test  of  patience. 

SIGNS    OF   THE    PRESIDENT'S    APPROACH. 

At  about  half-past  12  o'clock  the  river  scene 
changed  and  life  and  color  were  spread  over  the 
water.  The  police  patrol  boat  swooped  dovm  upon 
Pier  16  and  Inspector  'Byrnes,  District- Attorney 
Fellows  and  a  number  of  others  nimbly  leaped 
upon  "  dry  land.;)  Then  the  rush  of  saucy  look 
ing  tugs  and  big  steamboats,  that  were  brjlliant 
with  bunting  and  women;  passed  before  the  spec 
tators  on  the  pier  in  bewildering  confusion.  The 
guests  at  the  early  afternoon  reception,  who  had 
met  the  President  at  Elizabethport,  were  hastily 
hurried  off  their  vessels,  which  then  pushed  on  to 
the  northward.  By  the  time  the  last  boat  nad 
been  relieved  of  the  special  guests  the  spacious 
pier  found  that  its  roominess  had  been  well  taxed. 
Governors  of  States,  commissions  representing 
various  legislative  bodies  and  members  of  com 
mercial  organizations  were  jumbled  together  for 
a  time  until  order  was  restored  by  the  directing 
aides. 

ft  seemed  like  a  marvel  for  the  steam  barge 
from  the  Despatch,  which  carried  the  President 
and  his  immediate  party,  to  pick  its  way  through 
the  maze  of  vessels  that  now  thickened  the  sur 
face  of  the  river  like  a  jam  of  trucks  in  Broadway, 
but  it  dashed  up  to  the  handsomely  decorated  float 
on  the  north  side  of  the  long  pier  with  an  air  of 
confidence,  and  landed  the  Governor  of  New-York 
and  the  Mayor  of  the  city,  amid  the  shouts  of 
thousands  in  the  streets,  many  of  whom  could  not 
see  who  they  were  cheering.  Lusty  cheers  saluted 
the  gallant  old  sea  dogs  of  the  Marine  Society 
when  they  embarked  to  bring  the  President  from 
the  Despatch,  and  cheering  was  in  order  as  each 
boat-load  of  guests  was  brought  in  by  the  steam 
barge.  But  the  biggest  din  was  heard  when, 
about  1  o'clock,  after  all  the  guests  had  been 
landed,  the  President  and  the  Vice-President  were 
rowed  into  the  slip  and  brought  to  the  float,  where 
already  Governor  Hill,  Mayor  Grant,  members  of 


the  President's  Cabinet  and  the  Chief  Justicrs  were 
gathered.  Whistles  that  had  seemed  to  have  ex 
hausted  themselves  outwhistled  all  previous  efforts 
by  a  fresh  exertion,  and  the  thousands  of  people  on 
shore  cheered  with  a  vigor  which  showed  no  flag 
ging  of  vociferous  patriotism. 

THE  POLICE  BOAT  CLEARS  THE  WAT. 

While  the  head  of  the  marine  procession  was 
still  off  Governor's  Island  the  police  boat  Patrol 
made  a  spurt  ahead  to  clear  the  way  to  the  landing 
pier.     Her  services  were  needed  badly,  for  hun 
dreds  of  small  boats  and  tugs  had  put  out  from  the 
wharves  almost  in  the  track  of  the  oncoming  fleet, 
<   so  anxious  were  the  people  on  board  to  secure 
,   places  from  which  a  view  could  be  had  of  the  land- 
i   ing  from  the  Despatch.     The  Patrol  scattered  the 
j   small  boats,  and  then  ran  up  to  the  pier-head  to 
,   land  Chief  Inspector  Byrnes  and  District-Attorney 
j   Fellows.     She  then  started  ahead  to  clear  the  en- 
:   trance  to  the  slip  between  Piers  No.  16  and  17, 
but  this  she  was  unable  to  accomplish.     Scores  of 
tugs  had  come  down  the  East  River  at  the  ap 
proach  of  the  fleet,  meeting  scores  of  others  that 
had  spurted  ahead  of  it.     The  two  squadrons  met 
at  the  entrance  to  the  slip  in  a  squirming,  hissing, 
tooting  muddle,   forming  a  barrier  that  nothing 
afloat  could  have  passed.  It  required  a  great  deal  of 
screeching  from  whistles  and  the  expenditure  of  a 
I   vast  amount  of  lung  power  before  a  slight  opening 
between  the  slip  and  the  river  was  obtained. 

The  iron  steamer  Perseus,  chartered  by  "  The 
i  Marine  Journal,"  threaded  its  way  among  the  tor- 
|  menting  little  boats  clustered  about  the  end  of 
I  the  pier,  and  came  near  enough  to  the  wharf  to 
I  enable  Captain  Norton,  one  of  the  President's 
j  barge  crew,  to  leap  ashore.  It  had  been  arranged 
'  that  the  barge  and  the  crew  should  be  carried  on 
|  the  Perseus  to  the  anchorage  of  the  Despatch. 
I  The  barge  was  to  be  lowered  from  the  Perseus, 
j  rowed  by  its  venerable  cre\v  to  the  Despatch,  where 
!  the  President  was  to  be  taken  on  board  and  rowed 
I  ashore.  At  the  last  moment  the  Naval  Committee 
!  changed  this  programme,  the  barge  being  taken  on 
;  the  Despatch  and  the  crew  told  to  meet  at  Pier  1 6. 

PREVENTING   THE    OVERCROWDING. 
Following   the    Perseus,    which   had   the   orna- 
I  mental  woodwork  around   the  base   of  her   bow 
!  flagstaff  carried  away  by  being  caught  under  the 
I   edge  of  the  port  paddle-box  of  the  Patrol,  came 
I  the  Sirius.     As  she  neaied  the   pier  the  people 
!  on  board  rushed  to  the  port  side,   giving  her  a 
dangerous  list  and  putting  part  of  the  port-rail 
under  water.     It  was  with  great  difficulty  that 
the  people  could  be  distributed  so  that  the  boat 
would  ride  squarely.     She  was  finally  made  fast 
to  the  end  of  the  pier,  and  her  gang-plank  sent 
out.     A  rush  was  made   for   the   shore,   but  In 
spector   Williams   stood   in   the   way   and   would 
allow  none  but  invited  gutsts  to  land.     Several 
of  the  guests  had  their  wives  with  them,  but  they 
were  compelled  to  leave  them  on  board,  arranging 
to    meet   them    after    the    ceremonies    of   landing 
and  the  reception  were  over.       This,   no  doubt, 
caused  much  inconvenience  and.  ill-feeling,  but  it 
prevented    the    pier    from    becoming    dangerously 
over-crowded.        It   was    half-past    12    \vLen    the 
Sirius  had  discharged  her  company,  consisting  of 
commissioners    from    the   States,    Governors    and 
Federal  officials. 

The  Erastus  Wiman  and  the  City  of  Hudson 
came  next  to  the  pier  in  turn,  discharged  their 
complement  of  guests,  and  slowly  ploughed  a 
passageway  through  the  flotilla  of  tugs  into  the 
stream. 

It  was  12  :45  when  the  Despatch  came  to  anchor 
}  off  the  Wall  Street  Ferry  slip.  At  that  time  the 
!  river  was  filled  with  steam  vessels  from  shore 
j  to  shore.  The  tide  was  running  out  swiftly,  and 
|  the  vessels  in  the  stream  were  constantly  coming 


16 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


together,  grinding  each  other's  sides,  and  making 
catastrophe  imminent  a  hundred  times,  Immedi 
ately  after  the  Despatch  was  anchored,  a  passage 
to  the  slip  was  made  between  the  struggling  fug- 
boats.  The  Pespatch  then  put  out  a  steam  launsh, 
into  which  stepped  Elbridge  T.  Gerry,  represents 
ing  the  Executive  Committee,  Go  rernor  Hill, 
Mayor  Grant  and  James  M.  Varnum,  of  the  Com- 
tt'ittee  on  Plan  and  Scope.  The  launch  speeded  to 
her  landing  float  at  Pier  1 6,  where  her  passengers 
were  received  by  Secretary  Bo  wen,  W.  II.  T. 
Hughes  and  William  G.  Hamilton. 

The  launch,  which  was  in  command  of  Lieuten 
ant  Eldridge,  returned  to  the  Despatch  with  the 
crew  of  the  President's  barge,  and  on  its  next  trip 
brought  ashore  Chief  Justice  Fuller,  Justices 
Blatckford  and  Field,  ex-Justice  Strong,  and  Sec 
retaries  Noble  and  Rusk.  A  barge  from  Secretary 
Tracy's  flagship  then  brought  to  the  landing  float 
Secretaries  Tracy,  Windom,  Wanamaker  and 
Plrocitor,  Attorney-General  Miller  and  Walker 
Blaine.  Mr.  Blaine  stated  that  his  father  was 
suffering  from  an  attack  of  lumbago,  and  was  un 
able  to  come  with  the  Presidential  party. 

THE    ADDRESS   OF    WELCOME. 

While  these  officials  were  being  landed,  the 
President  was  introduced  to  the  crew  of  venerable 
oarsmen  who  were  to  row  him  ashore.  After  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  had  reached  the  shore  the 
President's  barge  was  lowered  from  the  Brooklyn 
side  of  the  Despatch,  and  her  white-bearded, 
white-haired  crew  took  their  places  in  the  boat. 
President  Harrison  and  Vice-President  Morton 
took  their  places  in  the  stern  sheets,  accompanied 
by  Asa  Bird  Gardiner,  chairman  of  the  Navy  Com 
mittee,  Captain  Henry  Erben,  of  the  Navy,  in 
citizen's  attire,  Frederick  E.  Coudert  and  Jack 
son  S.  Schultz.  The  barge  was  cast  off,  and 
the  venerable  but  sturdy  crew  pulled  her  against 
the  tide  above  and  around  the  bows  of  the  ship. 

As  the  barge  cleared  for  the  shore,  the  Despatch 
began  firing  a  Presidential  salute.  At  the  second 
gun  the  crew  of  the  barge  responded  by  "  tossing 
oars"  in  true  naval  style.  Letting  fall  again,  they 
started  for  the  shore  with  a  long,  steady  and 
uniform  stroke.  As  they  sat  in  the  boat,  they 
showed  that  they  were  as  skilful  with  the  oars 
as  were  their  ancestors  who  rowed  President  Wash 
ington  ashore  a  century  ago.  The  crew  were 
stationed  as  follows:  Captain  Ambrose  Snow, 
coxswain;  Starboard— Norton,  1,  Spencer,  2,  Fair- 
child,  3,  Luce,  4,  Marsh,  5,  Ellis,  6;  Port- 
Urquhart,  1,  Dearborn,  2,  Parker,  3,  Drew,  4, 
Whitman,  5,  Trask,  G. 

The  salute  from  the  steam  whistles  of  the  fleet 
was  kept  up  from  the  time  the  President  left 
the  Despatch  until  he  had  reached  the  landing 
float.  Then  the  crowds  on  the  piers,  streets  and 
houses  set  up  a  cheering  that  was  carried  and 
re-echoed  from  housetop  to  housetop^  and  from 
pier  to  pier  all  along  the  river  front.  The  men 
who  had  already  landed  were  waiting  on  the 
float  to  receive  the  President.  Hamilton  Fish, 
president  of  the  Centennial  General  Committee, 
had  joined  the  group.  As  the  barge  neared  the 
float,  oars  were  shipped,  and  Captain  Norton, 
boat-hook  in  hand,  stood  up  in  the  bow  to  make 
her  fast.  The  landing  was  excellently  made, 
the  President  being  assisted  ashore  by  Major 
Gardiner.  Then  the  company  on  the  float  formed 


a  circle  around  the  Presidential  party,  and  Major 
Gardiner  formally  introduced  the  President  to 
Mr.  Fish. 

THE  ADDRESS  OF  WELCOME. 

Mr.  Fish  then,  as  president  of  the  committee, 
gave  the  President  a  formal  welcome,  speaking  as 
follows : 

Mr.  President :  In  the  name  of  the  Centennial  Com 
mittee,  representing  the  enthusiasm,  the  gratitude  and 
the  pride  of  the  Nation  on  this  centennial  anniversary, 
1  tender  to  you  the  welcome  of  New- York,  on  the  very 
spot  where,  100  years  ago,  your  great  predecessor-,  our 
first  President,  planted  his  foot,  when  he  came  to 
assume  the  duties  of  the  groat  office  which  has  now 
devolved  upon  you,  and  to  set  in  operation  the  machin 
ery  of  the  glorious  Constituiioii  under  which  the  Gov 
ernment  has  prospered  and  enlarged  and  extended 
across  the  continent,  insuring  peace,  security  and  hap 
piness  to  more  than  (30,000,000  of  people,  and  not  a 
single  slave.  We  welcome  you  to  celebrate  the  cen 
tennial  anniversary  of  the  inauguration  of  that  Con 
stitution  to  whose  preservation  and  defence  you  have 
sworn. 

Mr.  President,  I  have  the  honor  to  present  the 
Hon.  David  B.  Hill,  Governor  of  the  State  of  New- 
York;  the  Hon.  Hugh  J.  Grant,  Mayor  of  New-York; 
Mr.  Elbridge  T.  Gerry,  chairman  of  the  Centennial 
Committee;  Mr.  William  G.  Hamilton,  chairman  on 
States,  and  Mr.  Clarence  F.  Bowen,  secretary. 

The  President  replied  briefly  to  the  address,  ex 
pressing  his  appreciation  of  the  cordiality  of  his 
reception.  Governor  Hill  and  Mayor  Grant  each 
pimply  bade  the  President  welcome,  and  the  Presi 
dent  thanked  them  heartily.  One  of  the  employes 
of  the  Ward  Line  brought  three  bottles  of  cham 
pagne  and  a  number  of  glasses  upon  the  float,  but 
before  the  bottles  were  uncorked  it  struck  some 
one  in  the  company  that  the  eyes  of  fifty  thousand 
people,  probably,  were  fixed  on  the  group,  and  the 
employe  and  his  bottles  were  hurried  back  to  the 
pier. 

The  Presidential  party  then  ascended  to  the 
pier  and  entered  the  carriages.  It  was  just  1:13 
when  the  President  reached  the  pier.  As  he  seated 
himself  some  one  called  for  three  cheers  for  Presi 
dent  Harrison,  and  they  were  given  with  a  ve 
hemence  that  did  credit  to  the  patriotism  of  the 
throng. 

FORMATION  OP  THE  PROCESSION. 

A  procession  was  then  quickly  formed  for  the 
escort  of  the  President  and  the  invited  guests  to 
the  Equitable  Building.  At  1  ;40  it  began  to  move 
in  the  following  order : 

Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel  Floyd  Clarkson,  Marshal. 

Band  5th  Regiment,  United  States  Artillery. 

Three  foot  batteries,  5th  Regiment,  United  States 
Artillery. 

New- York  Commandery  of  the  Loyal  Lesion  of  tho 
United  States. 

Commanders  of  Post!s  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Re 
public  in  counties  of  New-York  and  Kings. 

Cappa's  Band. 

Uniformed  Battalion  of  Veterans,  7th  Regiment, 
N.  G.  S.  N.  Y. 

Uniformed  Veteran  Militia  Associations  of  New- 
York  and  Brooklyn. 

Band  of  the  General  Service,  U.  S.  Army. 

Society  of  t!he  Sons  of  the  Revolution. 

First  carriage— The  Plan  and  Scope  Committee  (hav 
ing  the  general  supervision  of  the  celebration),  viz.  ; 
Messrs.  James  M.  Varnum,  Cornelius  N.  Bliss,  Fred 
erick  S.  Tallmadge  and  Samuel  D.  Babcock, 

Second— The  Governor  of  the  State  of  New- York,  oa 
the  back  seat,  with  the  President  of  the  United  States 
on  his  right  hand.  On  the  front  seat,  the  Mayor  of  the 
city  of  New- York  and  the  president  of  the  Centennial 
Celebration. 

Third— The  Vlcft-Presldent  of  the  United  States,  the 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  State  of  New-York,  the 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENAEY. 


17 


chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  the  Chief 
Justice  of  the  United  States. 

Fourth— The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  Walker 
Blaiue  on  back  seat,  the  Secretaries  of  War  and  Navy 
on  front  seat. 

Fifth— The  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  the  Postmaster- 
General,  the  Attorney-General  and  the  Secretary  of 
Agrlcylture. 

Sixth— The  Associate  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court 
Of  the  United  States. 

Seventh— The  General  of  the  Army,  retired  (General 
Phermaii',  the  Admiral  of  the  Navy,  the  Major-General 
commanding  the  Army,  and  Senator  Evarts. 

Eighth— Ex-President  Hayes  and  Senators  Hiscock 
and  Evarts. 

In  carriages  and  on  foot  the  rest  of  the  pro 
cession  was  as  follows : 

The  General  Committee  of  the  Centennial  Celebra 
tion. 

The  Governors  of  States,  takln;g  precedence  In  the 
order  of  admission  of  their  States  Into  the  Union. 

The  official  representation  of  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States. 

The  official  representation  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  of  the  United  States. 

The  Governors  of  Territories  and  President  of  the 
Boai-d  of  Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy  who  by  name  have 
received  the  thanks  of  Congress. 

The  official  representation  of  the  Society  of  the  Cin 
cinnati. 

The  Chief  Judge  and  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeals 
of  the  State  of  New- York. 

The  Presiding  Justice  and  Justices  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State  of  New- York  and  Judges  of  other 
Courts  of  Record  within  the  city  of  New- York. 

The  Legislature  of  the  State  of  New. York. 

The  State  officers  of  the  State  of  New- York.  Judges 
and  Justices  of  other  Courts  In  the  city  of  New- York. 

The  Board  of  Aldermen  of  the  city  of  New- York. 

Heads  of  Departments  In  the  city  of  New- York. 

Mayor  of  the  city  of  Brooklyn. 

The  Board  of  Aldermen  of  the  c'ty  of  Brooklyn. 

The  Foreign  Consuls  at  New- York  and  officers  of  the 
Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  States. 

Invited  guests  without  special  order  of  precedence. 

FOLLOWED   BY   A   MIGHTY    CHEER. 

It  was  one  mighty  cheer  that  rolled  along  with 
the  President's  carriage  as  it  proceeded,  with 
its  escort  of  troops  and  civilians,  all  the  way 
from  the  foot  of  Wall-st.  up  to  Broadway  and 
thence  to  the  Equitable  Building.  Tne  hand 
some  files  of  regulars  and  7th  Regiment  veterans, 
the  Loyal  Legion  and  Grand  Army  commanders, 
and  the  distinguished  occupants  of  the  few  car 
riages  that  followed  that  of  the  President,  were 
received  with  cordial  greetings,  but  it  was  to 
the  Executive  chosen  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Nation's  second  century  of  constitutional  govern, 
ment  that  the  plaudits  of  the  people  were  given 
in  the  greatest  volume. 

The  crowd  almost  became  unmanageable,  for 
the  end  of  the  procession,  by  the  time  it  had 
reached  the  statue  of  Washington  was  one  mingled 
and  almost  indistinguishable  mass  of  civilian 
delegates,  policemen  and  eager  sightseers,  who 
were  impatient  to  follow  the  Presidential  party 
to  the  Equitable  Building. 

Strong  cordons  of  police,  drawn  at  a  distance 
of  a  block  on  either  side  of  the  Equitable  Build 
ing,  checked  the  fierce  onrush  of  the  people,  and 
safe  within  the  lines  the  National  guests  were 
decorously  taken  within  that  mighty  structure, 
which  so  prominently  testifies  to  the  wonderful 
changes  in  a  hundred  years  around  old  Federal 
Hall,  and  there  the  President  received  the  hundreds 
who  had  been  privileged  to  meet  him  lust. 


A  CROWDED  EECEPTION. 


PRESIDENT  HARRISON  AT  THE  EQUITABLE 
BUILDING. 


THE   ENTERTAINMENT  PROVIDED  BY  THE,  COM 
MITTEE  ON  STATES-THE  CHOIR  OF  TRINITY 
CHURCH     SING     A     HYMN-HANDSHAK 
ING    OMITTED    —   THE    PRESIDENT 
SITS   DOWN   AT   A    BEAUTIFUL 
TABLE      AND       CARRIES 
AWAY    A    SOUVENIR. 

Hours  before  the  President  could  possibly  have 
reached  the  Equitable  Building,  that  large  and 
massive  structure  was  a  centre  of  attraction  to 
hundreds  of  people.  The  greater  part  of  the  build 
ing  was  open  to  the  public,  and  many  of  the  vis 
itors,  in  wandering  about  the  seemingly  endless 
corridors,  would  have  lost  their  way  completely 
had  it  not  been  for  the  numerous  signs  indicating 
in  which  direction  the  exits  could  be  reached. 

There  was  a  large  force  of  policemen  in  the  main 
corridor  on  the  ground  floor,  and  many  more  were 
grouped  around  the  entrance,  through  which  the 
fresh  breeze  blew  with  considerable  force.  The 
services  of  the  police  were  not  needed  until  it  was 
necessary  to  banish  the  crowds  in  order  to  make 
way  for  the  President  and  the  distinguished  men 
who  accompanied  him.  Meanwhile  men  in  rusty 
garments  mingled  with  the  well-dressed  lawyers 
and  business  men  who  were  constantly  passing  to 
and  fro.  There  were  not  a  few  women,  also,  in 
the  moving  throngs,  and  the  new-comers  to  the 
city  among  them  could  easily  be  picked  out  by 
the  open-eyed  wonder  with  which  they  gazed  on 
the  extensive  corridors,  the  graceful  pillars,  the 
rapidly  moving  elevators  and  the  glittering  elec 
tric  lights. 

The  hour  fixed  for  the  reception  given  by  the 
Committee  on  States  to  the  President,  the  mem 
bers  of  the  Cabinet  and  other  representative  men 
was  2  o'clock.  For  once  an  affair  of  this  land 
was  begun  on  time.  It  was  about  twenty  minutes 
of  2  when  the  great  hall  was  cleared  by  the  police, 
and  at  1 :45  the  batteries  of  the  5th  Regiment, 
United  States  Army,  marched  in,  under  command 
of  Colonel  Church  and  Colonel  "Walton,  and  took 
up  their  positions.  They  were  followed  by  the 
New-York  Commandery  of  the  Loyal  Legion  and 
the  delegations  from  Grand  Army  posts. 

ARRIVAL    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

The  Presidential  party  arrived  a  few  moments 
later.  They  were  relieved  of  their  hats  and  over 
coats  as  they  entered  the  building,  and  as  they 

;  passed  between  the  files  of  soldiers  the  latter  pre 
sented  arms  as  a  salute.  The  members  of  the  Plan 
and  Scope  Committee,  James  M.  Varnum,  Cor 
nelius  N,  Bliss,  Frederick  S.  Tallmadge  and  Samuel 
D.  Babcock,  entered  first,  followed  by  President 
Harrison  and  Governor  Hill,  Mayor  Grant  and 
Hamilton  Fish,  chairman  of  the  General  Commit- 

j  tee  on  the  Celebration ;  Vice-President  Morton  and 


18 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


Lieutenant-Governor  Jones,  Elbridge  T.  Gerry  and 
Chief  Justice  Fuller,  the  members  of  the  Cabinet, 
the  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  Senators  and 
Representatives,  the  Governors  of  States,  Admiral 
Porter,  General  Sherman,  ex-President  Hayes,  Gen 
eral  Schofield,  Walker  Blaine  and  other  invited 
guests. 

After  advancing  a  considerable  distance  along 
the  corridor  the  party  came  to  a  halt.  Meanwhile 
the  surpliced  choir  of  Trinity  Church  had  taken 
up  their  places  on  the  first  stairway,  the  marble 
steps  of  which  had  been  draped  with  red  stuff,  and 
they  greeted  the  President  and  those  who  accom 
panied  him  by  singing  the  hymn  beginning,  "  Be 
fore  the  Lord  We  Bow."  This  was  followed  by  the 
Doxology,  to  the  accompaniment  of  the  military 
band.  The  voices  rang  out  clear  and  resonant, 
and  the  effect  was  greatly  admired.  So  immense 
is  the  Equitable  Building,  however,  that  in  parts 
of  the  second  story  above  not  a  sound  of  the  sing-* 
ing  was  audible. 

President  Harrison  and  the  members  of  his 
party  were  then  escorted  to  the  rooms  of  the 
Lawyers'  Club,  on  the  fifth  door.  There  William 
G.  Hamilton,  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  States, 
presented  him  to  the  President  of  the  club,  Will- 
lam  Allen  Butler;  the  secretary,  Samuel  Borrowe, 
and  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Governors. 
This  ceremony  over,  Mr.  Butler  conducted  Gen 
eral  Harrison  to  the  reception-room;  Vice-Presi 
dent  Morton  being  escorted  by  Samuel  Borrowe, 
and  Governor  Hill  by  Hallett  Alsop  Borrowe, 
special  aide  to  the  Committee  on  States.  A 
raised  platform  was  provided,  on  which  Presi 
dent  Harrison  took  his  place.  On  his  right  stood 
Hamilton  Fish  and  Mr.  Morton;  on  his  left  Gov 
ernor  Hill  and  Mayor  Grant.  The  members  of 
the  Cabinet,  Senators,  Governors,  etc.,  scattered 
in  groups  on  each  side  of  the  dais.  Secretaries 
Windom,  Tracy,  Proctor,  Noble  and  Rusk,  Post 
master-General  Wanamaker  and  Attorney-General 
Miller  chatted  among  themselves,  and  with  ex- 
President  Hayes,  Senator  Evarts,  Senator  Hiscock, 
Walker  Blaine  and  others  on  one  side,  while  on 
the  others  the  Governors  made  themselves  at 
home. 

THE  GOVERNORS  PRESENT. 

The  Governors  present  were,  in  the  order  of 
the  admission  of  their  respective  States  into  the 
Union,  as  follows: 

Delaware. 
Pennsylvania. 
New-Jersey, 
Georgia. 
Connecticut. 
Massachusetts, 
Maryland, 
South  Carolina, 
New- Hampshire. 
Virginia, 
North  Carolina, 
Rhode  Island. 
Vermont. 
Kentucky. 
Ohio. 
Indiana. 
Alabama, 
Maine. 
Mi-smiri. 
Michigan. 
Iowa. 

Wisconsin.  i 

Minnesota. 
Oregon. 

West  Virginia, 
Nebraska, 
Colorado, 
Montana, 
Washington, 

The  members  of  the  Floor  Committee  were  then 
introduced  to  the  President,  and  he  was  informed 
that  these  gentlemen  would  present  to  him  the 


Beniamln  T.  Biess. 
James  A.   Beaver. 
Robert  S.    Green 
John  B.  Gordon, 
Morgan  G.    Bulkeley. 
Oliver    Ames, 
F.lihu  E.   Jackson, 
John  P.  Richardson, 
Charles  H.   Sawyer. 
FItz  Hugh  Lee. 
Daniel  Gould  Fowle. 
Royal   C.   Taft. 
William  P.  DIlHneham. 
Simon  B.   Buckner. 
Joseph  B.  Foraker. 
Alvin  P.  Hovey, 
Thomas   Seay, 
Edwin  C.  Burleigh. 
David  R.   Francis. 
Cyrus  G.   Luce. 
William  Larrabee. 
William  D.  Hoard. 
William  R.  Men-lam, 
Sylvester  Pennoyer. 
E.    W.   Wilson,  " 
John  M.  Thayer. 
Job  A.   Cooper. 
S.    T.    Hauser. 
Miles  C.  Moore. 


guests  who  had  been  invited  to  meet  him. 
Floor  Committee  was  made  up  as  follows : 

Lewis  Livingston  Delafleld, 
Evert  Jansen  Wendell, 
Boudinot  Keith. 
Boudinot  Atterbury. 
James  W.  Husted.  jr., 
Duer  Breck. 
Woodbur.y  Kane. 
Stockton  Beekman  Colt, 
Frederick  R.  Satterlee, 
Samuel  Dexter, 
Elisha  Dyer.   31. 
Peter  Cooper  Hewitt. 
George    Adams, 
Henry   A.    Alexander. 
George  B.  Post,  jr.. 
Newbold  Morris. 
Devereux  Toler. 
Meredith   Howland. 
H.   W.    Banks,    jr.. 
Philip  Mercer  Rhinelander, 
Alexander  Stewart  Webb.  jr. 
Beekman  Kip  Borrowe, 
Stephen    Chase, 
Livingston  Emery. 


The 


W.  Piorson  Hamilton. 
John  Watts  DePevster  Toler. 
Charles  K.  Beekman, 
Sidney   D.    Ripley, 
Archibald  Gracie'. 
Charles  A.  Van  Kensselaer. 
Robert  Stockton. 
Henderson  Wells. 
Waldron  Kintzing  Post. 
Clement  Livingston  Clarkson- 
Ramsay  Turnbull. 
Grenville  Winthrop. 
Linzee  Prescott. 
Frederick  D.  Thompson. 
John  Eliot   Bowen. 
Edmund  Dwight.  jr.. 
William  Shippin. 
F.  Delano  Weeks. 
George  Haven,  jr.. 
Philip  Rhinelander. 
Samuel  Campbell,  jr.. 
Boudinot    Colt, 
August  Belmont,  Jr., 
Robert  R.  Livingston. 


PRESENTED  TO   GENERAL  HARRISON. 

After  this  the  doors  of  the  club  were  thrown 
open  to  the  invited  guests,  who  had  assembled  in 
the  offices  of  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society 
below.  They  w^ere  conducted  in  as  rapidly  as  pos 
sible  by  members  of  the  Floor  Committee,  and, 
after  being  presented  to  the  President,  passed  on 
into  the  library.  General  Harrison  merely  bowed 
as  each  group  of  two  or  three  was  brought  up  ta 
him.  Following  the  custom  in  Washington's  time,1 
there  was  no  handshaking.  This  not  only  facili 
tated  the  rapid  passage  of  the  guests,  but  saved  the 
President  from  much  fatigue.  He  stood  in  an  easy 
and  graceful  position.  His  Prince  Albert  coat  was 
closely  buttoned ;  a  part  of  the  time  his  right  hand 
was  thrust  in  between  the  buttons.  He  bowed 
gracefully  and  a  pleasant  smile  illumined  his  face. 
He  evidently  felt  entirely  at  his  ease,  and  his  ap 
pearance  and  manner  called  out  many  favorable 
comments.  Though  under  the  average  height,  this 
was  not  noticed,  because  he  was  raised  several 
inches  above  the  floor  of  the  room,  unless,  indeed, 
one  thought  to  compare  him  with  Mr.  Fish  and 
Governor  Hill  on  his  right  and  left  hand. 

Those  who  passed  before  the  President  included 
actors,  Army  officers,  authors,  architects,  artists, 
auctioneers,  adjusters,  advertising  agents,  bank 
presidents,  book  publishers,  brewers,  butchers, 
bankers,  representatives  of  the  Chamber  of  Com 
merce  and  the  Cotton  and  Coffee  Exchanges,  clergy 
men,  civil  engineers,  chairmakers,  chemists,  china 
and  earthenware  dealers,  clothiers,  carriage  manu 
facturers,  members  of  the  cigar  and  tobacco  trade, 
foreign  consuls,  descendants  of  distinguished 
French  officers  of  the  Revolution,  members  of  the 
drug  and  chemical  trade,  dry  goods  merchants,  ex 
pressmen,  dealers  in  flour,  furniture  and  fish, 
freight  agents,  grocers,  glass  importers,  members  of 
the  General  Society  of  Mechanics  and  Traders, 
engineers,  hatters  a,nd  furriers,  harnessmakers,' 
dealers  in  housefurnishing  goods,  members  of  the 
iron  trade,  insurance  brokers,  lawyers,  lumber  deal 
ers,  life  insurance  men,  liquor-dealers,  lead  pencil 
manufacturers,  mechanical  engineers,  marine  in 
surance  men,  dealers  in  metal,  Naval  officers,  mem 
bers  of  the  Maritime  Exchange  and  the  Prod 
uce  Exchange,  physicians  and  surgeons,  printers, 
piano  manufacturers,  printing  press  manu  facturers, 
members  of  the  paint  trade,  photographers,  rep 
resentatives  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  rail 
road  men,  real  estate  men,  members  of  the  Stock 
Exchange,  sugar  refiners,  steamship  agents,  sail- 
makers,  silk  manufacturers,  ship  chandlers,  shoe 
manufacturers  and  dealers,  officers  of  trust  compa 
nies  and  telegraph  companies,  and  members  of  the 
German  Society,  the  Holland  Society  and  the  South 
ern  Society. 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


SOME    OF   THE   GUESTS. 

Among  the  2,000  who  were  presented  to  Gen 
eral  Harrison  in  the  succeeding  half-hour  were  ob 
served  the  following:  Edwards  Pierrepont,  ex- 
Judge  Peabody,  ex-Secretary  Bayard,  General 
George  W.  Cullom.  John  F.  Plummer,  General 
Joseph  C.  Jackson,  Eugene  Kelly,  Brayton  Ives, 
E.  Ellery  Anderson,  the  Rev.  W.  B.  Derrick.  ex- 
Commodore  James  D.  Smith.  General  William  G. 
Ward,  D.  F.  Appleton,  Professor  D.  G.  Eaton  of 
Yale  College;  Hamilton  Fish,  jr.,  Asa  Bird  Gar 
diner.  Colonel  Silas  W.  Burt,  Cyrus  W.  Field, 
Theodore  Roosevelt,  William  Allen  Butler,  ex- 
Mayor  Seth  Low,  of  Brooklyn;  Charles  Emory 
Smith.  Nicholas  Fish.  Samuel  Crocker  Cobb,  of 
Boston ;  William  Wayne,  of  Pennsylvania  ;  Clifford 
Stanley  Sims,  of  New-Jersey;  Egbert  L.  Viele,  the 
Rev.  Charges  Cotesworth  Pinckney,  of  South  Caro 
lina;  Bishop  William  Stevens  Perry,  of  Iowa; 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  Arruitage,  W.  B.  Webb, 
president  of  the  Commissioners  of  Columbia ; 
Colonel  Finley  Anderson.  Colonel  Oswald  Tilgh- 
man.  the  Rev.  William  Wallace  Green,  of  Mary 
land  ;  William  McPherson  Homer.  J.  Edward  Sim 
mons,  General  Abner  Doubleday,  Colonel  W.  C. 
Church.  Dr.  George  W.  Brush,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Henry 
B.  Chapin,  Henry  G.  Marauand,  General  Schuyler 
Hamilton.  General  Fits  John  Porter  and  Arthur 

D.  Eaton. 

The  President  only  departed  once  or  twice 
from  the  rule  that  there  should  be  no  hand 
shaking.  One  occasion  was  when  ex-Secret-iry 
Bayard  approached ;  he  was  greeted  with  a  hearty 
grasp  of  the  hand. 

IN    THE    BANQUE.T-HAKL. 

At  2:40  o'clock  President  Harrison  was  con 
ducted  to  the  banquet-hall  of  the  Equitable  Build 
ing,  where  an  elaborate  table  was  spread  for 
sixty  guests.  The  decorations  were  uncommonly 
fine.  The  room  is  finished  in  antique  oak,  with 
hangings  that  harmonize  \\ith  the  rich  colors 
of  the  oak.  The  curtains  were  lowered  an«l  the 
room  was  lighted  artificially.  The  table  was  oval 
in  shape,  and  was  almost  a  mass  of  roses.  Ten 
thousand  roses  of  all  varieties  were  Used  in  decorat 
ing  it.  In  the  centre,  in  a  bed  of  rich  roses,  stood 
a  Large  century  palm,  from  the  numerous  branches 
of  which  were  suspended  many  rare  and  beautiful 
orchids.  All  of  the  orchids  were  imported  for 
the  occasion.  Hanging  also  fr_ojn  the  branches  of 
the  palm  were  a  number  of  electric  lights ;  many 
of  these  were  also  scattered  among  the  roses  aroiind 
the  table.  The  globes  were  covered  with  pink 
silk,  which  not  only  softened  the  light  for  the 
eyes  of  the  guests,  but  harmonized  admirably 
with  the  colors  of  the  masses  of  roses.  The  ef 
fect,  as  a  whole,  was  pronounced  suparb,  and  J. 

E.  Thorley,    who    superintended    the    work    of 
decorating  the  banquet-hall,  was  warmly  praised 
for  the  success  of  his  undertaking. 

It  was  noticeable  here  and  in  the  rooms  of  the 
Lawyers'  Club  that  flags  and  bunting  were  not 
used  for  decorative  purposes. 

Hamilton  Fish  presided  at  the  table.  On  his 
right  sat  President  Harrison  and  on  his  left  Gov 
ernor  Hill.  At  the  opposite  end  of  the  table  sat 
William  G.  Hamilton,  with  Elbridge  T.  Gerry  on 
his  right  hand.  The  other  guests  included  Secre 
tary  Windom,  Secretary  Tracy,  Secretary  Proctor, 
Secretary  Noble,  Postmaster -General  Wanamaker, 
Attorney-General.Miller,  Secretary  Rusk,  Walker 
Elaine,  ex-President  Hayes,  General  W.  T.  Sher 
man,  General  S'chofield,  Admiral  Porter,  Senator 
Evarts,  Senator  Hiscock,  Chauncey  M.  Depew, 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Morgan  Dix,  F.  S.  Talhnadge,  James 
M.  Varnum,  John  Alsop  King,  Orlando  B.  Potter. 
John  D.  Crimmins,  Samuel  Borrowe,  Captain 
Erben,  J.  T.  Van  Rensselaer,  John  Schuyler, 


General  James  W.  Husted,  Henry  W.  LeRoy 
Jacob  A.  Cantor,  Floyd  Clarkson,  E.  Ellery 
Anderson,  Theodore  Roosevelt.  John  B  Pine 
James  M.  Montgomery,  Joseph  C.  Jackson,  Henry 
G.  Marquand,  William  Allen  Butler,  A.  B.  Gar. 
diner,  Stuyvesant  Fish,  Brayton  Ives,  William  II. 
Clarke,  John  M.  Bowers,  John  T.  Agnew,  Clarence 
W'^°™en'  S-  D'  -Uabcock,  <j.  N.  Bliss  and  Judge 
R.  B.  Martine. 

AN   ELABORATE   MENU. 

The  menu  was  a  very  elaborate  a/1'air.  It  con. 
sisted  of  six  heavy  rectangular  sheets  of  Bristol 
board,  elaborately  engraved,  tied  together  with 
blue  and  yellow  ribbons.  On  the  first  page  ap 
peared  a  wreath  of  laurel  leaves,  having  *  portrait 
of  Washington  at  the  top  and  the  shields  of  all  the 
States  and  Territories  placed  upon  it.  Within  the 
oval  space  inclosed  by  the  wreath  appeared  this 
inscription  : 

The  Committee  on  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the 
Inauguration  of  George  Washington  as  President  of 
the  United  States,  April  30th,  1789,  request  the  honor 
of  your  company  at  a  Keceptiou  at  the  Lawyers'  Club 
Equitable  Building,  Xew-iorU,  at  2  p.  m.  Monday; 
April  29th,  1689.  To  (name  of  guest). 

In  the  lower  corners  appeared  the  names  of  the 
officers  of  the  General  Committee  and  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  States. 

On  the  second  page  of  the  menu  was  an  en. 
graving  representing  Washington  being  rowed 
ashore  from  New- Jersey  to  the  landing  at  the  foot 
of  Wall-st.,  on  April  23,  1789,  and  the  ode  sung 
on  liis  arrival;  and  also  the  members  of  the  City- 
Council  of  New-York,  a  hundred  years  ago.  The 
Mayor  was  James  Duane,  the  Recorder  Richard 
Varick.  There  were  Aldermen  and  Assistants  in 
those  palmy  nays,  and  they  represented  the  South 
)Xar3'  Pr°ck  Ward>  Ea&t  Ward,  West  Ward,  North. 
Ward,  Montgomerie  Ward  and  Out  Ward.  There 
were  two  Van  Zandte  and  a  Van  Geider  amon<* 
them,  but  there  were  no  Divvers,  Flynns  or  Sheas! 
Here  is  a  sample  of  the  ode  of  a  century  ago: 

Hail,  thou  auspicious  day  1 

Far  let   America 

Thy  praise  resound: 

Joy  to  our  native  land ! 

Let  ev'ry  heart   expand. 

For  Washington's   at  hand, 

With  glory  crown' d  l  r 

Thrice-blest   Columbians,    hail  l 
Behold,  before   the  gale 
Your  Lhiei  advance; 
Th    matchless    Hero's   nigh  1 
Applaud  Him  to  the  sky, 
Who  gave  you  liberty, 
With   gen'rous  France. 


Thrice  welcome  to  this  shore. 
Our  Leader  now  no  more, 
But  Kuler  thou; 
Oh,   truly   good   and  great  1 
Long  live  to  glad  our  State, 
Where  countless  Honors  wait 
To  deck  thy  brow. 

The  next  page  shows  St.  Paul's  Chapel  in  1789' 
with  portraits  of  Bishop  Provost  and  Chancellor 
Livingston.  Below  are  the  names  of  the  Presi 
dent,  Vice-President,  members  of  the  Cabinet,  Sena 
tors  and  Representatives  in  1789.  On  the  fourth 
page  are  seen  two  views  of  the  Federal  Hall  in  that> 
year  of  grace— as  seen  when  looking  up  Wall-st.— 
together  with  the  names  of  the  present  Governors 
of  States  and  Territories,  and  the  chairmen  of  the 
Commissioners  to  the  present  celebration.  The 
States  are  arranged  in  the  order  in  which  they  were 
admitted  to  the  Union.  The  next  page  contains 
portraits  of  President  Harrison,  Governor  Clinton, 
Governor  Hill,  Mayor  Duane  and  Mayor  Grant. 
Full  lists  of  the  committees  on  the  Centennial 
celebration  are  given.  On  the  last  page  is  the 
menu  proper,  with  engravings  of  Washington's 


20 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


home  in  1789  (No.  3  Cherry-st.)  and  the  splendid 
Equitable  Building  of  to-day.  The  menu  was  as 
follows : 

Potages. 
Creme  d'Asperges. 

Consomme  Royale. 

Amontillado. 

Timbales  Courbot. 

Homard   Bagratlon. 


Filet  de  Boeuf  Balzac. 

Petits  Pols  Francafs. 


Medoc. 


Galantine  de  Chapon. 

Pato  de  Gibier. 

Poulet  Rota  a  la  Gelee. 

isecasslnes   sur   Canape. 

Pigeonnaux  Rotls. 
Salade  de  Sals  on. 


Champagne. 


Glaces  Tortonl.  Cafe  Glace. 

Petit   Fours. 
The.          Chocolat.          Cafe. 

A   SOUVENIR  FOR  THE  PRESIDENT. 

Grace  was  said  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Dix.  Hamil 
ton  Fish  formally  presented  the  guests  to  President 
Harrison  and  Vice-President  Morton.  Then  Will 
iam  G.  Hamilton,  in  behalf  of  the  Committee  on 
States,  presented  to  General  Harrison  a  copy  of 
the  menu  as  a  souvenir,  enclosed  in  a  delicately 
wrought  silver  envelope,  on  which  was  engraved 
the  President's  name  and  official  title,  in  doing 
BO  Mr,  Hamilton  said: 

Mr.  President:  As  chairman  of  the  Committee  on. 
States,  I  have  the  honor  to  present  to  you,  in  the  name 
of  the  General  Committee  of  the  Centennial  Celebration 
of  the  Inauguration  of  George  Washington  as  first 
President  of  the  United  States,  a  souvenir  of  this  aus 
picious  occasion.  We  have  gathered  with  us  the  most 
honored  representative  citizens  from  the  varied  pur 
suits  of  life,  which  have  made  this  Nation  what  it  is  at 
the  present  moment— religion,  law,  science,  art  and 
commerce— all  striving  to  do  honor  to  the  nani3  of 
Washington.  So  beloved  is  he  by  all  Americans  that 
we  call  him  "  Father"  ;  so  deified  and  sanctified  in  our 
hearts  that  but  one  other  birthday  is  sacred  to  us. 
(Applause.) 

Mr.  President:  That  your  Administration  may  be 
so  wisely  ordered  that  you  may  be  known  as  the  one 
equally  honored  by  all  Americans  is  the  wish  of  this 
united  Nation. 

Gentlemen,  you  will  please  fill  your  glasses  and 
drink  to  the  memory  of  George  Washington,  the  Father 
of  his  Country  I 

The  toast  was  drunk  standing.  President  Har 
rison  simply  bowed  his  thanks  and  then  resumed 
his  seat  amid  cheers.  At  his  particular  request 
there  was  no  further  speech-making. 

THE  OTHER  GUESTS  ENTERTAINED. 

Meanwhile,  those  of  the  guests  of  the  club 
who  could  not  be  accommodated  in  the  banquet 
hall  enjoyed  refreshments  in  the  rooms  of  the 
club,  where  the  same  menu  was  served.  The 
Governors  were  escorted  to  the  dining-room  by 
members  of  the  Floor  Committee,  and  seated 
at  fifteen  tables  with  the  committeemen.  The 
arrangement  was  as  follows,  the  order  of  prece 
dence  of  States  being  observed: 

ESCORT. 

Lewis  L.  Delafleld, 
Robert  B.  Stockton, 
Beekman  K.  Borrowe, 
Woodbury  Kane. 
Petwr  Cooper  Hewitt. 
Evert  J.  Wendell. 
Grenville   Wintnrop 
Duer  Breck. 
W.  K.  Post. 
Boudinot  Keith. 
John  R.  Bowen. 
Elisha  Dyer.  3d. 
Stockton  Colt. 
Stephen  Chase. 
W.  Pierson  Hamilton. 
Lin/ee  Prescott. 
Philip  Rhlnelander. 
Merellth  Howland. 


Governor 
Governor 
Governor 
Governor 
Governor 
Governor 
Governor 
Governor 
Governor 
Governor 
Governor 


Luce, 

Larrabee, 

Hoard, 

Merriam, 

Pennoyeiv 

Walker, 

Thayer, 

Cooper, 

Hauser, 

Moore, 

Webb-, 


Clermont  L.  Clarkson. 
Samuel  Dexter. 
Henderson  Wolls. 
Sidney  D.  Rlpley. 
F.  Delano  Weekes. 
August  Belmont,  jr. 
Frederick  D.  Thompson, 
Boudinot  Atterbury. 
Ramsay  Turnbull. 
Robert  R.  Livingston. 
Charles  K.  Beekman. 


President  Harrison  left  the  banquet  hall  at 
3  :35  with  the  chairmen  of  the  committees,  and  in 
a  few  moments  was  escorted  out  of  the  building 
to  his  carriage.  A  large  number  of  people  wit 
nessed  his  departure  and  cheered  him  lustily. 


GEEETED  AT  THE  CITY  HALL. 


SCHOOL   GIRLS   STREW   THE   PRESIDENT'S 
PATH    WITH    FLOWERS. 


GOVERNORS. 
Governor  Biggs. 
Governor  Beaver, 
Governor  Green, 
Governor  Gordon, 
Governor  Bulkeley. 
Governor  Ames, 
Governor  Jackson, 
Governor  Richardson 
Governor  Sawyer, 
Governor  Lee, 
Governor  Fowld, 
Governor  Taft, 
Governor  Dillingham, 
Governor  Buckner, 
Governor  Foraker, 
Governor  Hovey, 
Governor  Seay, 
Governor  Burlelgh, 
Governor  Francis, 


Archibald  Gracie. 


AN   ADDRESS  OF  WELCOME-EECEPTION  IN  THE 

GOVERNOR'S  BOOM— HEAKTT  CHEE.RS 
FROM     DENSE     CROWDS. 

While  the  President  and  his  party  were  within 
the  Equitable  Building,  the  escort  outside  had 
ample  time  for  luncheon,  which  was  amply  im 
proved.  The  veterans  of  the  7th  Regiment  were 
halted  in  front  of  Cable's  restaurant,  where  the 
men  presented  tickets  with  which  they  had  been 
provided,  entitling  them  to  sandwiches,  consomme 
atid  coffee.  The  regular  troops  and  the  other 
veteran  organizations  were  well  cared  for,  and 
the  time  passed  rapidly.  Meantime  the  crowds 
grew  denser  and  denser  in  Broadway,  along  the 
route  to  the  City  Hall,  and  with  the  profuse 
decorations  on  all  the  buildings,  the  men  in  uni 
form  belonging  to  the  escort,  as  well  as  the  soldiers 
of  various  visiting  commands,  mingling  with  the 
throngs  on  every  side,  the  scene  was  animated  and 
brilliant.  There  was  more  or  less  jostling,  of 
course,  but  the  crowds  of  men,  women  and  chil 
dren  were  in  excellent  humor,  and  there  was  no 
disorder.  The  police  lined  the  route,  but  had  com 
paratively  little  to  do.  At  the  front  porch  of  the 
Equitable  Building  stood  Inspector  Willianis  and 
a  few  trusty  men,  who  kept  the  course  clear  to  the 
President's  carriage. 

Meantime  portentous  clouds  were  shifting  fn 
the  skies,  as  if  threatening  a  generous  downpour; 
and  for  five  minutes  there  was  a  light  fall  of  rain, 
which  caused  the  putting  up  of  umbrellas  by  those 
who  were  so  fortunate  as  to  have  them,  while 
those  who  were  not  thus  provided  stood  their 
ground  bravely.  There  were  many  women  and 
children  in  the  great  concourse  of  people,  but  all 
seemed  bent  upon  seeing  the  President  pass  by, 
and  gave  evidence  of  no  thought  of  retiring  for  a 
trifle.  Presently  the  sun  shone  forth  again,  the 
rain  ceased,  umbrellas  were  closed,  and  as  the 
time  approached  at  which  the  march  was  to  be 
resumed,  the  people  pressed  closer  together,  and 
cleared  their  throats  for  the  shouting  that  was 
to  follow. 

THE   TRIP    TO   THE    CITY   HALL. 

It  was  3  :40  p.  m.  when  word  was  passed  to  the 
front  of  the  Equitable  Building  that  the  President 
was  coming,  and  immediately  afterward  a  mighty 
cheer,  accompanied  with  clapping  of  hands  and 
waving  of  handkerchiefs,  greeted  him  and  his 
party  as  they  emerged  from  the  building  and 
entered  their  carriages.  The  various  organiza 
tions  composing  the  escort  at  once  wheeled  into 
column,  and  in  the  same  order  as  before  the  march 
was  resumed. 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


211 


The  line  of  march  from  the  Equitable  Building 
to  the  City  Hall  might  have  well  been  called 
Patriotic  Lane.  For  it  was  an  inspiring  eight  as 
the  President  rode  along  through  dense  rows  of 
people  whose  almost  continuous  cheers  must  have 
touhced  more  than  one  man  besides  those  for 
whom  they  were  intended.  It  was  a  dazzling 

Eicture,  too,  as  the  troops,  in  gay  uniforms,  with 
ags    flying-,    preceded    the    Presidential    party,  j 
marching  to  the  stirring  strains  of  military  bands, 
for  block  after  block  along  the  line  of  march  the  | 
buildings  were  almost  hidden  with  bunting.     The  I 
sun    cast  a   bright   glow   on   the    picture   as   the  i 
President,  with  head  bared,  began  his  triumphal  I 
ride.     Long  lines  of  policemen,  keeping  the  sway 
ing,  pressing  crowds  on  the  sidewalks,  lent  to  the  I 
scene  a  touch  of  blue  that  melted  as  the  surging  ! 
crowds  burst  their  bonds  when  the  carriages  of 
the  President  and  his  party  drew  near. 

CHEERS    FOR    THE    CHIEF    MAGISTRATE,. 

On   came  the  President,   a   picture  of  health, 
smiling,  hat  in  hand,  and  bowing  right  and  left 
to  the  cheering  multitudes.     Soldierly  and  erect,   i 
by  his  side  sat  Governor  Hill,  who  yielded  the  ! 
palm  of  applause  to  the  President  by  keeping  his  i 
hat  on  his  head.     Mayor  Grant  looked  easy  and  | 
handsome.     Cedar-st.  and  the   other  side  streets  j 
were  black  with  humanity,  and  a  cloud  of  hats  I 
waved   in   the   air.     There  were   tier   on  tier   of  j 
people  in  front  of  the  Boreel  Building,  and  the  i 
mass  of  humanity  there  sent  up  shouts  that  were 
returned    by   the    multitude    opposite,    and    were 
passed  along  tho  lines  on  both  sides  of  Broadway,    i 
No  one  could  tell  where  the  cheering  began  anew  ! 
any  more   than   he   could   see   where   the   crowd  | 
began.     There  were   cries  of   "  Harrison"    "  Har-  i 
rison!"     followed    by    a    volume    of    cheers    for 
"Blaine!  Blaine !   James  G.  Blaine!"      The  Gov-   j 
ernor  and  the  Mayor  got  their  share  of  the  ap-  I 
plause,  too. 

As  the  procession  swept  into  the  City  Hall  plaza 
the   cheers  were   renewed  by  a   host   that  filled 
every  available  inch  of  room  in  the  southern  half  I 
of  the  park.     There,  as  the  procession  halted,  the 
prettiest  picture  of  the  march  was  formed.     Two 
long   lines   of   white-robed   school-girls    stretched   | 
from  the  entrance  of  the  hall  down   the  broad  j 
steps  to  the  first  line  of  troops  that  extended  from   i 
opposite  the  steps  of  the  City  Hall  to  Broadway,   ' 
forming  an  "  L."      The  Tribune  Building,  appro-  | 
priately  decorated,  the  adjoining  great  structures  | 
and  the  massive  Postoffice  Building  made  a  fine 
background.     The    gayly    dressed    crowd    in    the 
park,   constantly  shifting,  made  a  pleasing  pan 
orama  for  the  people  in  adjoining  high  buildings. 

RECEPTION   BY   THE   SCHOOL,    GIRLS. 

The  reception  which  followed,  by  the  school 
girls,  was  one  of  the  most  sttractive  features  of 
the  day.  It  had  been  arranged  by  a  cominiitee 
of  principals  of  the  Girls'  Grammar  Schools  of 
the  city,  and  was  copied  after  the  reception  which 
the  girls  of  Trenton  extended  to  Washington  100 
years  ago.  From  the  plaza,  where  the  carriage 
of  the  President  stopped,  up  the  steps,  and  along 
tho  corridor  ol  the  City  Hall  to  the  stairway 
leading  to  the  Governor's  room,  were  ranged  a 
double  row  of  girls  tastefully  dressed  in  white. 
Two  girls  were  from  each  of  the  Girls'  Grammar  j 
Schools,  and  thirteen  others,  representing  the  | 
thirty*  original  States,  were  from  the  Normal  i 
College.  Each  girl  carried  a  small  basket  of 
dowers,  which  had  been  contributed  by  the  school 
1'iom  which  she  came. 

A  loud   cheer  rose   from   the   dense   throng   as 
the    President    stepped    from    his    carriage.     He  ; 
paused  an  instant,  as  he  glanced  along  the  aisle 
of    bright    young    faces.     Then    Gilmore's    band 
struck   up   an   inspiring   air;    and   the   President,  j 
with    Mayor    Grant   at   his    side,    walked    slowly  i 
up    the    steps    of    the    building,    while    the    girls  ' 


strewed  the  flowers  before  him  at  every  step. 
The  rest  of  the  party  moved  over  this  carpet  of 
flowers.  Within  the  building,  as  the  party  passed, 
one  of  the  girls,  with  bright  black  eyes  and  flow 
ing  golden  hajj,  had  been  chosen  to  make  the 
address  to  the  President  on  the  part  of  the  public 
schools.  This  was  Miss  Annie  Alida  Abrahams,  of 
the  senior  class  of  the  Normal  College.  Her  address 
occupied,,  about  five  minutes,  and  was  delivered 
in  a  low,  clear  tone.  The  address  was  as  follows: 

Mr.  President :  Through  us,  their  representatives, 
180,000  pupils  of  the  common  schools  ol  the  city  of 
New- York,  1,650  students  of  the  Normal  College  and 
1,000  students  of  the  College  of  the  City  of  New- York, 
extend  to  you  their  cordial  welcome.  It  Is,  we 
think,  appropriate  that  the  great  common  school 
system,  which  Is  to  a  large  extent  the  outgrowth  of 
Washington's  repeated  recommendations  to  the  newly 
born  Republic,  should  be  represented.  In  the  public 
celebration  of  his  inauguration  as  first  President  ol 
the  United  States. 

Washington  was  too  far-seeing  as  a  statesman  not 
to  perceive  that  true  liberty  must  rest  on  the  basis 
of  popular  education.  He  keenly  felt  that  upon  the 
Intelligence  of  the  people  depended  the  fate  of  the 
young  nation,  and  repeatedly  urged,  not  only  educa 
tion  in  the  elementary  branches,  but  the  establishment 
of  higher  institutions  of  learning,  even  going  so  far 
as  to  recommend  the  endowment  of  a  National  uni 
versity.  His  attitude  toward  the  higher  education 
is  clearly  expressed  in  his  letter  to  the  president  and 
faculty  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  which 
he  says : 

"  I  am  fully  apprized  of  the  influence  which  sound 
learning  has  on  religion  and  manners,  on  government, 
liberty  and  laws.  I  conceive  hopes,  however,  that 
we  are  at  the  eve  of  a  vei-y  enlightened  era.  The 
same  unremitting  exertions  which,  under  all  the 
blasting  storms  of  war,  caused  the  arts  and  sciences 
to  flourish  In  America,  will  doubtless  bring  them  nearer 
to  maturity  when  they  shall  have  been  sufficiently 
invigorated,  by  the  milder  rays  of  peace."  -  This  great 
Nation  has  followed  Washington's  advice.  It  has 
established  common  schools;  it  has  founded  colleges 
and  universities ;  and  to  these,  above  all,  it  owes  Its 
progress  in  ait  and  science,  and  its  success  in  peace 
and  war. 

Long  ago  Aristotle  taught  that  no  State  Is  secure 
whose  children  are  not  reared  In  perfect  sympathy 
with  her  Institutions.  This  Is  just  what  the  vast 
popular  American  education  has  accomplished.  Ap 
preciating  the  equity  and  justice  of  our  Constitution, 
how  can  we  fail  to  honor  and  obey  Its  wise  provisions? 
Thus  thoroughly  Imbued  with  love  of  country,  the 
American  teacher,  as  well  as  the  American  mother, 
following  In  the  footsteps  of  Mary  and  Martha  Wash 
ington,  creates  and  fosters  In  the  hearts  of  all  com 
mitted  to  her  care  that  same  noble  patriotism  that 
swells  her  own  heart. 

Lowell  says  that  the  Puritans  "  were  the  first  law 
givers  who  saw  clearly  and  enforced  practically 
the  simple,  moral  and  political  truth  that  knowledge 
was  not  an  alms,  to  be  dependent  on  the  chance  charity 
of  private  men,  on  the  precarious  pittance  of  a  trust- 
fund  ;  but  a  sacred  debt  which  the  Commonwealth 
owed  to  every  one  of  her  children."  Admirably,  then, 
has  this  Commonwealth  fulfilled  her  duty,  for  to-day 
the  highest  education  Is  w'thin  the  reach  of  the 
humblest  of  our  little  ones,  for  which  the  men  of  a 
former  age  had  to  struggle  all  their  lives. 

This  day,  one  hundred  years  ago,  beheld  the  rising 
of  the  sun  of  our  Republic,  the  very  beginning  of  a 
nation,  which,  though  poor,  weak  and  divided,  entered, 
with  faith,  hope  and  courage,  upon  the  fulfilment  of 
its  high  destiny,  the  demonstration  of  man's  capacity 
for  self-government.  In  this,  our  well-beloved  city, 
to  which,  honored  sir.  we  bid  you  thrice  welcome. 
Washington,  casting  aside,  as  he  ever  did,  bis  own 
desires  and  private  Interests,  though  already  bowed 
beneath  fhe  weight  of  advancing  years  and  the  tolls 
of  a  long  and  bloody  war.  undertook,  at  the  call  of 
the  country  he  had  freed,  the  arduous  task  of  guiding 
the  new  Ship  of  State  through  unknown  seas,  studded 
with  rocks  and  shoals,  Into  the  haven  of  ppace.  hap 
piness  and  prosperity.  He  lived  to  see  tbp  stately 
ship  safe  at  anchor,  and  then  gladly,  gratefully,  hap 
pily,  sank  to  rest. 

No  weak  human  eulogy  ran  enhance  hfs  glory,  for  it 
outshines  that  of  every  other  hero  whose  name  Is  re 
corded  on  the  pace  of  history ;  neither  is  it  necessary 
that  we  speak  of  him  for  mere  remembrance'  sake,  for 
his  name.  indis=olubly  connected  with  that  liberty 
which  is  the  birthright  of  every  American  citizen,  Is 


22 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


forever  enshrined  In  every  American  heart.  It  pleased 
Divine  Providence,  a  hundred  years  ago.  to  produce, 
on  the  shores  of  the  New  World,  a  body  of  men  whom 
the  Earl  of  Chatham  pronocnced  the  greatest  and 
noblest  the  earth  had  ever  seen  ;  and  of  those  Titans 
of  the  Revolution,  it  is  no  disparagement  of  any  to  say 
that  Washington  was  the  wisest  and  the  most  'heroic— 
perhaps  the  wisest  and  most  heroic  character  of  all 
time.  It  Is,  then,  because  we  honor,  because  we  rev 
erence,  because  we  love  him,  that  his  name  comes  first 
to  our  lips  to-day.  It  Is  a  perpetual  inspiration,  a 
never-ending  source  of  pride  and  joy,  and  an  eternal 
obligation  ot  gratitude  and  thanksgiving. 

Could  he  look  down  upon  us  to-day,  might  wo  not 
humbly  hope  that  he  would  be  pleased  at  our  progress 
and  proud  of  our  position  among  the  powers  of  the 
earth  ?  Would  he  not  rejoice  over  our  smiling,  happy, 
plenteous  land  and  its  active,  vigorous  population, 
60,000,000  of  freemen,  obedient  to  law  and  faithful 
to  the  sacred  charge  left  by  their  glorious  ancestors, 
the  wise  and  temperate  use  of  their  liberties'?  Above 
all,  would  he  not  be  filled  with  joyful  wonder  at  the 
marvellous  moral  and  intellectual  growth  of  the  people, 
and  feel  that  these  blessings  were  a  sufficient  recom 
pense  for  all  his  suflerings  and  an  ample  reward  for 
all  his  toils? 

Upon  you,  honored  sir,  has  been  conferred  the  high 
est  office  which  this  Nation  of  intelligent,  self-govern 
ing  freemen  has  in  its  gift;  and  It  Is  as  President  of 
the  United  States  that  you  have  come  to  help  us 
worthily  to  commemorate  this  great  Centennial.  Upon 
such  worthy  shoulders  has  the  mantle  of  America's 
first  and  noblest  son  fallen  that  we  can  repeat  to  you 
to-day  the  words  our  Trenton  sisters  addressed  to  him 
a  century  ago : 

Virgins  fair  and  matrons  grave. 
Those    thy   conquering   arms  did   save. 
Build  for  thee  triumphal  bowers, 
Strew,  ye  fair,  his  way  with  flowers, 
Strew  your  hero's  way  with  flowers. 

THE  PRESIDENT  PLEASED  WITH  HIS  WELCOME. 

President  Harrison  followed  the  speaker  with 
apparent  interest,  nodding  his  head  with  approval 
several  times,  smiling  pleasantly  once  or  twice. 
At  the  close  the  address,  engrossed  on  parchment, 
was  handed  to  him  in  an  album  by  Miss  Fannie  B. 
Cole,  another  of  the  Normal  College  girls,  together 
with  a  handsome  bouquet.  The  President  did  not 
make  any  reply,  but  bowed  to  the  young  ladies  his 
appreciation  of  their  words.  As  the  party  moved 
on  upstairs,  the  girls  followed  them,  and  were  in 
troduced  to  the  President.  The  flowers  strewn 
along  the  pavement  did  not  remain  there  long. 
The  Grand  Army  veterans  and  the  policemen  gath 
ered  up  some  of  them  as  souvenirs.  Even  In 
spector  Steers  received  a  cluster.  While  the  police 
were  thus  engaged,  the  crowd  seized  the  oppor 
tunity  to  rush  in  for  the  rest  of  the  flowers. 

Among  the  school  officials  present  were  President 
J.  Edward  Simmons,  of  the  Board  of  Education : 
Commissioners  Holt  and  Seligman ;  President 
Hunter,  of  the  Normal  College;  City  Superin 
tendent  Jasper  ;  Assistant  Superintendents  Godwin, 
Fanning  and  Davis;  Auditor  Balch,  Captain 
Mosher,  Professor  Gillette,  and  the  following  mem 
bers  of  the  Indies'  committee:  Miss  Salome  Pur- 
roy,  Miss  Mary  E.  Tate,  Miss  Kate  Broderick,  Miss 
M.  Louise  Clawson,  Mrs.  Frances  A.  Pond,  Mrs. 
Rarah  E.  Cowles,  Mrs.  Lizzie  II.  Walker,  Mrs.  Mary 
J.  Conklln.  Miss  Matilda  Mosher,  Miss  Carrie  S. 
Montfort,  Miss  Mary  McClay,  Miss  Amelia,  Miss 
Frances  I.  Murray,  Miss  Annie  L.  Whyte,  and  Miss 
Letitia  Matthews. 

After  the  introduction  the  girls  assembled  in  the 
Aldermanic  Chamber,  where  they  sang  "  Hail, 
Columbia,"  which  was  to  have  be'en  sung  as  the 
President  walked  past  them  if  the  band  had  not 
been  playing. 

The  names  of  the  girls  are  as  follows : 

From  the  Normal  College— Mary  Hlggins,  Edith  Z. 
Collyer,  Annie  Alida  Abrahams,  Gertrude  A.  Brewster, 
Mary  Hotmer,  Aususta  Mott.  Pauline  M.  WestcottC 
Fannie  B.  Cole,  Mildred  Gilmore  Smith,  Annie  Berry, 
Martha  Z.  Flchtel,  Anna  E.  St^ser  and  Mabel  Taylor 

From  the  Public  Schools— No.  1_  Vandewater-st., 
Minnie  Lubbln,  Lucy  Knvannah:  No.  2.  Henry-st.,  Ida 
L.  Jackson,  Grace  C.  Hurrell ;  No.  3,  Hud*on-st.,  Hor- 
tense  Blake,  Carrie  Seaman;  No.  4,  Rlvinston-st..  Es- 
telle  Maloney,  Mary  McCue ;  No.  7,  Chrystie-st.,  Selina 


Israel,  Carrie  Uhl ;  No.   9,   West  End-ave..   Ella.  McDon 
ald,    Llllie    Crabtree ;    No.    10,    Wooster-st.,    Ida-    Millot, 
Lizzie   Helmstetter ;    No.    13,    Houston-st.,    Maud   Patter 
son,    Geneva    Hippenmeyer ;    No.    20,    Chrystie-st.,    Mollie- 
Meuer,    Dora   Grosner;    No.    21,    Marion-st.,    Ida    Stephen- 
son,    Josephine    Galle ;    No.    22,    Stanton-st.,   Jeannette    &. 
May,   Bessie  B.    Heller;   No.   24,    Elm-st.,   Mary  Stranger, 
Esther  Isaacs;   No.  25,   Flfth-st.,   Edith  Kelby,    Ida   Gaa- 
zeumuller;     No.     28,     West     Fortieth-st.,     Ague&    Jame8> 
Lizzie    Lennon ;    No.    29,    Greenwich-st.,    Lily    H.    Nelfce» 
Dorothea     Goetz  ;     No.     30,     Baxter-st.,     Norma     Romann> 
Mary    Dailey;    No.    37,    East    Eighty-seven th-st.,    Gather- 
i    ine  D.    Mahoney,    Nellie  S.    Donoliue ;   No.    38,   Clarke-st , 
Minnie   Wellenhaupt,    Lizzie   Richardson;   No.    41,   G-reen- 
wich-ave.,    Ella    Burns,    Kate    Courtney ;    No.    42,    Allen- 
!    at.,    Flora    Rubinstein,    Emma    Rinaldo ;    No.    43,    Tenth- 
I    ave.,     Mary     Foxton,     Annie     Mitchell ;     No.     44,     Nortk 
Moore-st.,      Amanda     Thompson,     Dora     Rich;     No.     45> 
West  Twenty- fourth-st.,  Mable  Morehead,  Lettie  Call,  No. 
46,  St.  Nicholas- ave.,  Emma  M.  Ramsay,  Isabel  F.  Rear- 
j    ney ;  No.  47,   East  Twelfth-st.,   Bessie  Donaldson,   Emilia 
Gambier;  No.  48,  West  Twenty-eighth-st.,  Ida  A.  Walter, 
!    Sophie    R.     Wilkins;     No.     49,     East    Thirty-seventh-st., 
j    Lilian  A.  Jarvis,  Lulu  M.  Irwin ;  No.  50,  East  Twentieth- 
st.,  Jessie  T.  Mosher,  Isabel  L.  Gourlie  ;  No.  52,  Inwood- 
j    ave.,  Elizabeth  A.  Gibney,  Rose  T.  Marion;  No.  53,  Ea#t 
j    Seventy-ninth-st.,     Mary    Drew,     Gertrude    Nash,     Annie 
i    Gaynor;  No.    54,   Tenth-ave.,    Addle  J.   Whiteside,  Louise 
|    H.  Burns;  No.  56,  West  Eighteenth-st.,  Jennie  M.  Drew, 
Bessie     H.     Williams ;     No.     57,     East    One-hundred-and- 
flfteenth-sfc.,    Emily  Walter,   Ross  Leonard ;  No.   59,   East 
Fifty-seventh-st.,   Ella  Hanson,   Estelle  Rinaldo ;  No.   60, 
I    College-ave.,  Augusta  Weisman,  Mary  Love ;  No.  Gl,  East 
I    One-hundred-and-sixty-eighth-st.,    Arline    Dodworth,    Belle 
MacArthur ;  No.  02,  East  One-hundred-and-fifty-eighth-st., 
i    Grace  LJddle,  Augusta  Strauss ;  No.  63,  East  One-hundredf 
and-seventy-third-st.,  Eftte  M.  Watkins,  Katherine  BToas ; 
;    No.    64,   Webster-ave.,   Julia  Woolfarth ;   No.    65.   Locust- 
i    ave.,  Lizzie  Mapes,  No.  GO,  Albany-ave.,  Ella  B.  Tierney ; 
•    No.  68,     West    One-hundred-and-twenty-eighth-st.,      Grace 
Knapp,  Laura  Judd ;  No.   69,  West  Fifty-fourth- St.,  Maud 
Phelan,    Ruby    Bartley ;    No.    71,    Seventh-st.,    Anna    E. 
Graham,  Minnie  A.  Moorhouse ;  No.  72,  East  One-hundred- 
and-h'fth-st.,  Carrie  Kruarer,  Mary  McNally,  Belle  Conway ; 
No.  73,  East  Forty-sixth-st.,  Lizzie  A.  Durando,  Florence 
Knapp ;   No.    76,   East  Elghty-eighth-st.,    Gussie  Hyames, 
Josephine  Sexton,   Laura  Schaefer ;  No.   77,  East  Eighty- 
sixth- st.,    Belle    Crane,     Emma    Hart,     Emma    Johnston. 

RECEPTION  IN  THE  GOVERNOR'S  ROOM. 

The  President  and  M^yor  Grant,  followed  by 
Vice-President  Morton  and  Governor  Hill,  then 
entered  the  Governor's  Koom,  which,  with  the 
anterooms,  had  been  decorated  with  the  National 
colors.  The  President,  Vice-President,  Governor 
and  Mayor  took  their  station  on  a  raised  plat>- 
lorni  beneath  a  tastefully  draped  canopy  of 
National  flags  and  red,  white  and  blue  bunting. 
Chairman  Elbridge  T.  Gerry  stood  near  the  Presi 
dent.  The  men,  women  and  children,  many  of 
whom  had  been  waiting  outside  of  the  building 
for  hours,  were  admitted  through  the  small  room 
east  of  that  in  which  the  President  and  his  party 
were,  passed  in  front  of  the  President,  through 
a  double  rank  of  Grand  Army  men,  and  out 
through  the  wests  room. 

The  doors  opened  at  4  o'clock,  and  for  an 
hour  th  people  passed  by  twos  and  threes  before 
the  President.  Governor  Hill  and  Mayor  Grant 
stood  modestly  in  the  background.  The  first  man 
admitted  to  the  room  shook  the  President's  hand 
vigorously,  and  a  few  women  followed  his  ex 
ample.  The  others,  in  obedience  to  the  request) 
of  the  members  of  the  President's  guard,  simply 
bowed. 

The  reception  was  truly  a  public  one.  There 
were  a  few  well-known  faces.  Controller  Myers 
received  a  personal  introduction  to  the  President 
from  William  G.  Hamilton.  Chamberlain  Kichard 
Croker,  General  C.  H.  T.  Collis>  Judge  McGown, 
Congressman  Dunphey.  John  E.  Brodsky  and 
Deputy  Assistant  District^Attorney  Foster  were 
among  those  who  paid  their  respects  to  the  Presi 
dent.  For  the  most  part,  the  crowd  consisted 
of  plainly  dressed  men  and  women.  Not  a  few 
of  the  men  were  in  their  working  clothes  and 
many  of  the  women  had  with  them  young  children. 

A  telegram  was  handed  to  the  President,  who 
interrupted  his  bowing  for  a  moment  while  he 
read  this  dispatch  from  Chicago : 

"  Seventy-five  thousand  people  of  Illinois,  in 
mass-meeting,  expect  some  sentiment  from  the 
President  of  the  United  States  to-morrow.  Pleasej 
telegraph  us  to-day.  Centennial  Committee." 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


23 


AMUSING    INCIDENTS    AT   THE    RECEPTION. 

There  were  the  usual  amusing  incidents  of  a 
public  reception.  Men  and  women  frequently 
would  bow  to  the  wrong  man.  Others  would 
pass  the  President  unconsciously,  then  turn  around, 
make  a  low  bow,  and  pass  along  sideways.  The 
William  11.  Harrison  man  was  there,  in  the  per 
son  of  an  elderly  man,  who  insisted  on  grasping 
the  hand  of  the  President  and  exclaiming:  *' 
voted  for  your  grandfather  in  1840,  and  1  voted 
for  you."  There  were  groups  of  young  boys  and 
of  school-girls  in  the  throng.  Many  veterans  of 
the  .Rebellion,  in  the  costume  of  the  Grand  Army 
of  the  .Republic,  and  members  of  the  Loyal  Legion 
were  among  the  visitors. 

About  5,000  people  passed  before  the  President  : 
in  the  hour  devoted  to  the  reception.     The  doors  ; 
were   closed    promptly   at   5    o'clock.     The   Presi-  j 
dent  passed  down  the  stairs  on  the  arm  of  Chair-  j 
.man  Gerry  and  Vice-President  Morton,  followed  by 
Governor    Hill.     Mayor    Grant    remained    at    the 
City  Hall. 

DEPARTURE  OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 

As  the  President  reappeared  at  the  front  en 
trance  of  the  hall,  he  was  greeted  with  a  great 
shout  of  applause,  which  continued  in  strong  vol 
ume  as  he  passed  down  the  marble  steps  to  the 
carriage.  When  he  had  seated  himself  he  shook 
hands  with  Inspector  Steers  and  thanked  him  for 
the  excellent  management  of  the  reception  by  the 
police,  at  the  same  time  handing  the  Inspector  the 
bouquet  that  he  wore  on  the  lappel  of  his  coat. 
The  band  struck  up  a  lively  air,  and  as  the  car 
riages  moved  out  of  the  park,  they  were  followed 
by  a  succession  of  hearty  cheers,  accompanied  by 
waving  of  handkerchiefs,  hats,  canes  and  umbrel 
las.  The  President  and  Vic?-Pr  sident  were  driven 
to  the  home  of  the  latter,  No.  85  Fifth-ave.  The 
Governor  was  taken  to  the  Hoffman  House. 

The  house  of  Stuyvesant  Fish,  No.  20  Gramercy 
Par"k,  where  the  dinner  to  the  President  took  place 
last  evening,  outshone  all  of  the  many  lavishly 
bedecked  houses  in  the  park  by  the  number  and 
brilliance  of  its  decorations.  The  porch  on  Irving 
Place  was  draped  with  two  American  flags,  and  the 
two  northerly  balconies  on  the  parlor-floor  were 
similarly  treated,  and  flags  were  hung  between 
them.  Between  each  of  the  three  windows  <^ere 
placed  shields  composed  of  the  National  colors, 
from  which  were  rayed  out  a  number  of  smaller 
flags  on  sticks.  The  balcony  on  the  northerly  side 
was  also  heavily  draped  with  flags,  and  another 
shield,  with  a  cluster  of  small  flags,  was  placed  be 
tween  the  two  parlor  windows.  A  canvas  awning 
was  stretched  from  the  doorway  on  Irving  Place 
to  the  sidewalk,  upon  which  a  strip  of  red  carpet 
was  laid. 

The  President  arrived  shortly  before  half-past  7 
^o'clock,  the  hour  fixed  for  the  dinner.  There  was 
no  formal  reception.  After  a  short  time  spent  in 
conversation  dinner  was  announced,  and  the  party 
made  their  way  to  the  dining-room  in  the  rear  of 
the  parlor,  where  they  were  seated  at  a  wide  table 
in  the  following  order:  President  Harrison  was 
placed  at  the  upper  end  next  to  his  host,  who 
occupied  the  other  seat  at  the  head.  Mrs.  Har 
rison  was  assigned  to  a  place  facing  her  husband 
At  the  foot  of  the  table,  and  on  her  left  was  Mrs. 
Fish,  also  facing  Mr.  Fish.  On  the  right  hand  of 
the  President,  ranged  in  the  order  named,  were 
Lieutenant-Governor  Jones,  Miss  Hamersley,  Mrs. 
William  Jay,  Mrs.  Robert  Goelet,  Mayor  Grant, 
Mrs.  Burke  Roche,  Vice-President  Morton  and  Mrs. 
Gerry,  who  sat  at  Mrs.  Harrison's  left.  Mr.  Fish 
had  for  his  left-hand  neighbor  Mrs.  Levi  P.  Mor 
ton,  and  then  followed  Hamilton  Fish,  Mrs.  Jones, 
wife  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor;  Elbridge  T. 
Gerry,  William  Waldorf  Astor,  Robert  Goelet, 
William  Jay  and  Governor  Hill.  The  dinner  was 
purely  informal,  and  there  were  no  speeches.  It 
was  nearly  1 0  o'clock  when  the  party  broke  up 
and  started  for  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House. 


THE  CITY  IN  GAY  COLORS. 


RED,  WHITE  AND  BLUE  EVERYWHERE. 


EAPID  WORK  YESTERDAY  AND  ITS  WONDERFUL 

RESULTS— FEW  BUILDIN&S  UNDECORATED 

IN    BROADWAY    AND    FIFTH-AVE,. 

The  great  work  of  arraying  the  city  In  gala  day 
garments,  which  has  been  going  on  for  the  last  three 
weeks,  was  hardly  completed  even  last  night,  a  few- 
finishing  touches  remaining  to  be  dona  to-day.  The 
amount  of  progress  made  yesterday  was  simply  won 
derful.  It  was  the  original  intention  of  most  persons 
to  have  all  the  decorations  in  their  places  by  Satur 
day  night,  so  that  the  advance  guard  of  the  armies 
of  strangers  could  view  the  city  in  all  her  glory  on 
Sunday  afternoon.  The  rain  which  began  on  Thurs 
day  night,  however,  put  a  stop  to  all  these  calcula 
tions.  Many  of  the  displays  were  ruined  and  others 
were  taken  down  to  save  them  from  the  same  fate. 
A  few  firms  continued  to  put  up  their  displays  In  the 
rain,  and  on  Sunday  decorators  made  necessity  their 
excuse  and  were  hard  at  work  from  sunrise-  until 
several  hours  after  dusk. 

Most  persons,  however,  who  had  not  yet  hung  out 
their  bunting  and  nailed  up  their  flags  waited  until 
yesterday.  The  day  was  a  memorable  one  for  decora 
tive  firms.  Although  their  men  had  been  working 
early  and  late  for  a  week,  they  were  set  to  their  tasks 
a  few  hours  after  midnight  and  kept  at  It  for  twenty 
solid  hours.  People  who  thought  New-York  was  finely 
decorated  before  the  rain  thought  It  magnificently  ar 
rayed  on  Sunday,  when  thousands  promenaded  the 
principal  streets  to  see  what  had  been  done  toward 
making  the  city  beautiful.  By  yesterday  afternoon 
so  many  old  displays  had  been  added  to  and  so  many 
new  ones  had  been  put  up  that  the  only  way  to  ex 
press  one's  admiration  was  to  say  that  New- York  was 
the  most  generally,  most  gorgeously  and  most  beauti 
fully  decorated  city  that  this  country  had  ever  seen. 
Some  went  even  further,  and  asserted  that  nowhere 
had  there  ever  been  such  a  display  of  bright  colored 
flags  and  bunting. 

In  Fifth- ave.  especially  was  the  change  made  by 
a  single  day  noticeable.  Downtown  the  decorations 
had  been  put  up  for  the  most  part  by  Saturday  night, 
but  In  Fifth-ave.  It  was  different.  For  some  reason 
the  greatest  objection  to  working  on  Sunday  was  made 
there,  so  that  along  that  thoroughfare  the  buildings 
bedecked  In  red,  white  and  blue  were  so  few  In  com 
parison  with  Broadway  that  there  was  a  general 
feeling  of  disappointment.  This  gave  way  to  one  of 
wonder  and  admiration  in  the  minds  of  strangers,  and 
to  one  of  mingled  pride  and  exultation  In  the  minds  of 
citizens.  The  number  of  decorated  houses  had  been 
more  than  quadrupled,  and  many  that  on  Sunday 
showed  only  a  modest  array  of  flags  and  bunting  were 
yesterday  covered  with  masses  of  the  gay-colored 
material. 

Ol  course,  displays  are  handsomest  and  most  gen 
eral  In  Wall-st,  Broadway  and  Fifth-ave.,  where  the 
exercises  and  parades  will  be  held,  but  It  is  surprising 
how  numerous  the  decorated  houses  are  in  other 
quarters  of  the  city.  Downtown  all  sorts  of  business 
houses  have  been  beautified  more  or  less,  and  the 
retail  stores  uptown  are  even  more  gen 
erally  decorated,  the  residence  streets  also 
showing  liberal  displays.  Even  the  people  living  In 
tenement-houses  caught  the  ftever,  and  many  have 
spent  a  few  cents,  if  no  more,  in  putting  a  flag  or  two 
or  a  few  yards  of  bunting  in  their  only  window. 

To  begin  at  the  Battery,  Broadway  Is  not  so  lib 
erally  embellished  below  Wall-st.  as  above,  although 
the  displays  there  are  creditable  Indeed.  Wall-st., 
both  on  account  of  its  importance  as  the  financial 
centre  of  the  country  and  on  account  of  the  part  It 
plays  in  the  Centennial  Celebration,  has  been  trans 
formed  Into  a  bower  of  gracefully  draped  bunting  and 
fluttering  flags.  Pier  1G,  which  is  at  th»  foot  of 


24 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


the  street,  where  the  President  landed,  was  inside  and 
out  lavishly  bedecked,  the  roof  being  a  mass  of  flutter 
ing  flags  and  streamers.  The  merchants'  arch,  also  at 
the  foot  of  Wall-st.,  was  magnificent  in  its  robes  of 
red,  wbUe  and  olue  sflk. 

Passing  by  the  finely  decorated  Custom  House,  one 
came  to  the  Assay  Ottice  and  Treasury  Building,  in 
front  of  which  has  been  erected  the  stand  on  which 
the  literary  exercises  of  to-day  will  take  place.  The 
wooden  platform  is  covered  with  bunting  and  number 
less  tastefully  arranged  flags  and  coats-of-arrns.  The 
columns  of  the  Treasury  Building  are  encircled  with 
bright-hued  cloth,  and  on  each  of  them  is  hung  a 
large  United  States  shield.  Tho  statue  of  Washing 
ton,  which  is  enclosed  by  the  platform,  is  crowned 
with1  leaves  of  golden  laurel.  Trinity  Church,  at  the 
head  of  the  street,  displays  a  sunburst  of  bunting  in 
the  main  and  the  two  side  entrances,  and  a  large  flag 
from  a  staff  in  the  battlements. 

Up  Broadway  there  is  a  vista  of  towering  walls 
of  fluttering,  flaunting,  rainbow-hued  decorations,  ex 
tending  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach.  From  where  the 
thirteen  long  strips  of  red,  white  and  blue  struggle  to 
tear  themselves  loose  from  their  fastenings  to  the 
Equitable  Building,  up  to  \Vaverley  Place,  where  the 
military  parade  will  leave  Broadway,  there  are  hardly 
a  dozen  buildings  that  do  not  show  some  Indications  of 
the  Centennial.  Up  to  John-st.  there  is  only  one 
building  that  is  entirely  undccorated,  and  this  is'in  the 
course  of  erection.  A  few  others  are  scattered  up  as 
far  as  Waverley  Place,  and  even  above  there  blocks  in 
which  more  than  one  or  two  houses  are  entirely  with 
out  ornament  are  the  exception.  One  does  not  fully 
appreciate  the  unanimity  with  which  merchants  have 
gone  to  work  at  the  decorating  until  he  looks  for 
buildings  bare  of  bunting  In  lower  Broadway.  They 
are  as  scarce  as  the  proverbial  hen's  teeth. 

The  Custom  House  and  City  Hall  especially  called 
forth  exclamations  of  admiration  from  all.  The  Fed 
eral  Building  is  so  much  more  massive  that  its  decora 
tions  do  not  make  so  great  a  showing  as  do  those- 
of  the  smaller  municipal  edifice.  The  latter  Is  fes 
tooned  with  bunting,  diapcd  with  flags,  and  hung 
with  banners  until  tho  gray  walls  arc  hardly  visible 
The  lavlshness  of  tho  display  is  equalled  by  its  artistic 
beauty,  the  effect  of  it  all  being  far  richer  and  more 
graceful  than  would  be  thought  possible  with  the 
simple  material  used. 

Along  Broadway,  further  up,  the  variety  of  displays 
is  wonderful.  No  two  seem  to  be  alike.  In  some 
cases  the  parti-colored  material  has  been  laid  on 
most  liberally,  but  occasionally  one  has  to  look  twice 
before  discovering  a  flag  or  two  or  a  bit  of  bunting 
that  constitutes  all  the  ornamentation.  In  Union 
Square  the  hotels  and  other  buildings  are  gorgeous 
in  their  holiday  apparel,  and  on  up  Broadway  the 
same  bewildering  banks  of  rod,  white  and  blue  pie- 
sent  themselves  to  the  beholder. 

Flfth-ave.  is  spanned  by  three  arches,  one  at  Wash 
ington  Square  and  the  other  two  at  Twenty- third  and 
Twenty-sixth  sts.  Workmen  were  busy  yesterday  put 
ting  the  finishing  touches  to  theso,  and  have  made  them 
beautiful  structures  Indeed.  The  decorations  along 
!fth-ave.  are  second  in  profuseness  and  magnificence 
only  to  those  in  lower  Broadway.  In  Madison  Square 
the  cluster  of  big  hotels  has  been  arrayed  with  excep 
tionally  beautiful  displays,  making  the  selection  of  this 
place  as  the  site  of  the  reviewing  stand  a  most  fortu 
nate  one.  Further  up  Fifth-ave.  the  club-houses  and  the 
dwellings  vie  with  one  another  In  the  extent  and  eor- 
geousness  of  their  decorations. 

It  is  an  open  question,  after  all,  whether  the  recent 
rain  did  result  disastrously  to  the  decorations  or  not. 
It  is  true,  many  cheap  displays  were  ruined,  but  In 
nearly  every  case  they  wore  replaced  by  costlier  and 
more  artistic  ones.  However  this  may  be,  the  city 
will  to-day  give  to  all  an  idea  of  the  magnificent  scale 
•with  which  the  citizens  of  New-York  do  everything 
when  their  energies  are  aroused. 

The  fact  that  Delmonico's  three  downtown  houses 
were  bare  of  decorations  yesterday  excited  considerable 
comment.  The  manager  of  tho  Broad-st.  house  ex 
plained  the  omission  In  this  way :  "  We  were  sorry 
that  the  accident,  for  it  was  nothing  more,  should  have 
occurred.  We  had  arranged  for  the  adornment  of  our 
downtown  houses,  but  at  the  last  moment  the  man- 
with  whom  we  had  made  the  contract  announced  his 
Inability  to  fulfil  it.  We  could  get  no  one  to-day,  but 
the  houses  will  be  trimmed  before  7  o'clock  to-mor 
row  morning  if  the  new  contractor  does  not  fail  us." 

The  Mercantile  Exchange  Building,  at  Hudson  and 
Harrison  sts.,  was  the  leading  attraction  in  that,  neigh 
borhood  yesterday.  About  $1.200  had  been  expended 
for  decorations  to  the  building,  which  are  extremely 
handsome. 


PEOPLE    MASSED  IN  THE  CITY. 


AN  ESTIMATE  OF  THE  NUMBER  OF  SIGHT- 
SEERS. 


STREETS    AND   HOUSE-TOPS    BLACK   WITH    THEM 
GREATER  CROWDS  EXPECTED. 

It  Is  not  possible  to  say  precisely  how  many  people 
thfere  were  in  the  streets  between  sunrise  and  sunset. 
Precious  few  persons  can  estimate  accurately  or  even 
approximately  the  size  of  a  crowd.  In  an  ordinary 
crowd  a  man  occupies  about  four  square  feet  of  earth. 
An  acre  of  men,  therefore,  would  be  in  round  num 
bers  11,000.  In  a  crush  such  as  that  In  Wall  st.  and 
lower  Broadway  in  the  afternoon,  each  acre  of  pav- 
|  ing  stones  must  have  supported  22,000  men,  if  two 
|  square  feet  bo  allowed  to  each  person,  and  this  pep- 
haps  is  an  extremely  liberal  estimate.  Assuming 
that  the  distance  from  Trinity  Church  to  the  East 
River  Is  2,400  feet,  and  that  the  average  width  of  the 
street  is  45  feet,  one  has  Just  two  and  a  half  acres 
of  ground  and  55,000  people.  Ten  thousand  more 
were  collected  in  the  streets  crossing  WTall-st.,  making 
65,000  in  all. 

The  average  width  of  the  Broadway  sidewalks  Is 
about  eight  feet.  From  Thirty-fourth-st.  to  the  Bat 
tery,  a  distance  of  three  and  one-half  miles,  these 
walks  were  crowded  the  greater  part  of  the  day. 
Seven  miles  of  sidewalks  eight  feet  in  width  are  equal 
to  295,680  square  feet,  and  with  an  allowance  of 
six  square  feet  to  each  person  there  Is  an  additional 
army  of  some  50,000,  which  with  the  65,000  already 
estimated,  makes  a  gathering  of  115,000  people  In 
Wall-st  and  Broadway.  In  Fifth-ave.,  in  the  publia 
squares  and  along  the  water  front  there  were  easily 
60,000  more,  and  on  the  housetops  the  number  could 
not  have  been  less  than  10,000,  making  a  grand  total 
of  185,000  sightseers  in  the  city,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  tens  of  thousands  on  the 
steam  and  sailing  craft  in  the  harbor, 
the  vast  multitude  that  remained  at  home  and  afc 
busftess,  and  the  legions  that  were  sweeping  into 
the  railway  stations  at  all  hours.  It  is  scarcely  an 
exaggeration  to  say,  therefore,  that  the  Naval  parade 
was  seen  by  1,000,000  people,  when  one  takes  Brook 
lyn,  Jersey  City  and  Staten  island  into  consideration. 
Men  say  that  the  crush  of  yesterday  did  not  ap- 
j  proach  that  of  Evacuation  Day  in  the  fall  of  1883. 
j  ^To-day  Is  Cenrennial  Day  proper,  for  which  a  great 
j  many  thousand  people,  who  did  not  turn  out  yes 
terday,  are  waiting.  There  will  be  four  times  a* 
many  people  In  the  streets  to-day  as  there  were 
yesterday. 

The  oldest  sightseer  never  saw  a  better-natured 
crowd.  Some  clubbing  was  done  in  extreme  cases, 
but  few  heads  were  broken. 

THE    BROOKLYN    BRIDGE   THRONGED    ALL   DAY. 

The  Brooklyn  Bridge  was  a  favorite  promenade 
yesterday,  tens  of  thousands  of  people  enjoying  the 
breeze  and  sunshine  and  the  sights  from  the  structure. 
It  was  a  thoroughly  good-natured  crowd,  and  things 
went  smoothly  all  day.  The  policemen  had  nothing 
to  do  but  repeat  "  keep'  moving."  Not  an  arrest 
was  made  on  the  Bridge  yesterday.  The  regular 
Bridge  police  force  was  augmented  by  100  men  from, 
the  Brooklyn  Police  Department,  but  the  presence 
of  the  latter  was  not  necessary.  The  Brooklyn 
policemen  were  stationed  at  intervals  of  twenty  feet  on 
the  southern  roadway,  across  which  the  people  coming 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


25 


from  Brooklyn  walked.  People  going  to  Brooklyn 
used  the  promenade,  while  vehicles  going  In  either 
direction  occupied  the  northern  roadway.  Of  course 
the  crowds  were  greatest  while  the  naval  parade  was 
passing  up  the  East  River.  Then  the  roadway  and 
promenade  were  crowded  to  such  an  extent  that  It  was 
only  with  great  difficulty  that  the  people  could  be 
kept  In  motion.  A  great  many  who  went  on  the 
Bridge  with  the  Idea  that  they  would  be  permitted 
to  stand  and  view  the  parade  were  disappointed. 
No  person  was  allowed  to  loiter  for  a  moment,  and 
although  the  crowd  moved  slowly,  yet  It  did  keep 
moving  all  the  time.  Probably  the  best  vliw  of  the 
naval  parade  was  from  the  Bridge.  All  day  ling  (he 
people  walked  across  ihe  Bridge.  The  groat  ma-  \ 
jority  of  them  were  strangers  in  th'e  city,  many  of 
them  being  members  of  out-of-town  military  organi-  ! 
zations.  The  sights  to  be  seen  were  immensely  en 
joyed  and  many  people  seemed  never  to  tire  of  the  i 
promenade,  from  which  a  view  of  the  Bav  and  many 
glimpses  of  the  two  cities  could  be  had. " 

GREETING  THE  DESPATCH  FROM  THE  BATTERY. 

At  an  early  hour  yesterday  people  began  to  gather 
at   the  Battery  and  Castle  Garden   to  see   the  Naval  ' 
Parade.     By    11   o'clock   the   number   of   persons   ar 
riving  by  the  elevated  roads  was  so  great  that  the  ac 
commodations  at  the  Battery  and  South  Ferry  stations 
were  severely  taxed.     By  the  time  the  parade  began   I 
the  whole  water-front  was  one  mass  of  humanity  and  | 
the  walks  Intersecting  the  park  were  also  filled  with 
people.      The   roofs   of  the  Washington   Building,   the 
Ship   News   Office   and  all  of  the  adjoining  buildings 
were  crowded  ;  in  fact,  every  point  of  vantage  had  been 
seized   upon    by    the    sightseers.        Seats    for    several  • 
hundred  were  placed  on   the  roof  of  Castle   Garden. 
Among  those  who  saw  the  parade  from  this  point  were 
Henry   A.   Hurlbut,   George  J.  Forrest,   George  Starr 
James   Rorke,    president   of  the   Irish   Emigration  So-  ' 

lety;  Charles  Hauselt,  president  of  the  German  So 
ciety;  Charles  F.  Ulrich,  Edmund  Stephenson  and 
Charles  N  Taintor.  As  the  President's  boat  rounded 
Governor's  Island  and  was  gi-eeted  by  repeated  sa 
lutes  from  the  forts,  the  head  of  the  long  line  of  vessels 
wheeled  to  the  right  and  a  few  moments  later  the  fleet 
was  on  its  way  up  the  East  River. 

NO   TROUBLE   TO  HOUSE   THE,  CROWDS. 

New- York's  ability  to  take  care  of  a  crowd,  no  mat 
ter    how    large,    was    fairly    demonstrated    yesterday. 
It  was  estimated  that  over  150,000  visitors  had  arrived 
here  up  to  Sunday  night.     This  number  was  increased 
by  th&  thousands  that  poured  In  yesterday,  and  yet  the 
vast  multitude  failed  to  exhaust  the  city's  resources 
for  accommodation.      To  b3   sure  most  of  the  hotels 
were  filled,  as  every  one  expected  they  would  be,  and 
many   of  them   were  obliged  to   turn  away  hundreds   I 
who  did  not  care  to  sleep  five  or  six  in  a  room.      But  I 
in  every  instance  of  this  kind  the  disappointed  appli 
cants  were  referred  to  th9  Bureau  of  Public  Comfort, 
with  the  assurance  of  finding  rooms  in  private  houses. 
Of   these  there  are  still   a  vast  supply.     Up   to  last  | 
evening  the  number  of  rooms  to  let  were  far  in  excess 
of  the  demand,  and  as  they  are  largely  in  the  most 
desirable  parts  of  the  city,  the  inference  that  no  one 
is  obliged  to  be  without  lodgings  of  a  fairly  satisfactory  j 
nature  seems  to  be  warranted.      Manager  P.  T.  Wall    i 
of  the  Bureau  of  Public  Comfort,  exhibited  list  after  ! 
list  of  desirable  places  still  for  rent.     Some  of  these-  j 
rooms  are  in  Fifth-ave.,  front  rooms,  too,  from  which  i 
a  splendid  view  of   the  parade  can  be  had.      Others 
are    In    the    cross    streets,    in    the    houses    of    highly 
respectable    people.     In    almost    every    Instanca    the 
rates  are  moderate,  ranging  from  $1  50  to  $5  a  day 
for  single  individuals. 

Notwithstanding  all  the  people  that  have  been  taken  , 
care  of   through   the   hotels,    boarding-houses,    private  i 
families  and  the  Bureau  of  Public  Comfort,  there  are  i 
still  ample  facilities  for  entertaining  thousands  more. 
Mr.  Wall  said  that  at,  least  60,000  more  people  could 
be  accommodated  without  any  great  trouble. 


BRINGING  THE  VISITORS. 


THE  RAILROADS  TAXED  TO  THEIR  UTMOST 
CAPACITY. 


THOUSANDS    UPON    THOUSANDS    OF    STRANGERS 

POURING    INTO    THE     CITY     FROM 

EVERY    QUARTER. 

The  Naval  Parade  was  a  blessing  to  arriving  visitors, 
particularly  to  National  Guardsmen  who  came  by  the 
way  of  the  West  Shore,  New- York  Central,  Harlem  and 
New-England  roads,  for  it  drew  a  large  part  of  the 
permanent  and  transient  population  toward  the  Bat 
tery,  and  left  the  uptown  streets  unobstructed.  A 
few  people  who  lingered  In  Flfth-ave.  were  treated 
to  a  suggestion  of  what  the  great  military  parade  is 
to  be  to-day.  They  saw  incoming  regiments  of  the 
National  Guard  Marching  to  quarters.  The  74th  Regl- 
ment,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.,  led  the  way.  Following  In 
close  order  were  the  65th  Regiment,  the  5th  Artillery 
and  a  large  number  of  separate  companies.  Some  of 
the  officers  were  superbly  mounted.  They  brought 
their  horses  with  them,  in  cars  provided  for  the 
purpose,  having  been  Informed  that  it  was  impossible 
to  get  a  mount  In  New-York.  Governor  Foraker  and 
statf,  who  arrived  on  Sunday  night  with  the  Akron 
and  Cleveland  batteries,  N.  G.  S.  O.,  also  brought 
horses,  three  carloads  of  the  best  animals  In  Ohio 
being  in  the  train. 

The  militia  formed  in  Forty-second-st.  and  marched 
down  Fifth-ave.  The  men  were  fully  equipped,  and 
are  prepared  to  camp  out  if  necessary.  Besides  their 
rifles  they  carried  knapsacks,  canteens  and  tin  cups, 
which  caused  them  to  look  very  much  like  soldiers 
starting  for  a  battle-field.  The  blue  coats  of  the  army 
of  National  Guardsmen  eclipsed  the  plain  clothes  of 
the  multitude  of  ordinary,  every-day  strangers,  and 
but  little  notice  was  taken  of  train  loads  that  did 
not  contain  uniforms.  Suburban  travel  began  _in 
earnest  and  taxed  the  roads  to  their  utmost  capacity. 

MEETING  FRIENDS  AT  THE  STATION. 

Crowds  of  visitors  from  near-by  cities,  towns, 
villages  and  hamlets  kept  up  a  continued  commotion 
in  the  Grand  Central  Station.  Residents  congregated 
there  by  hundreds  to  meet  acquaintances  and  take 
them  away.  The  bulletin-boards  were  scarcely  large 
enough  to  give  the  names  or  numbers  and  the  hours 
of  arrival  of  the  great  number  of  special  trains  and 
expresses  that  were  forever  coming  In  from  the  east, 
north  and  west.  Each  of  the  Atlantic  expresses 
brought  in  2,000  people.  Freight  trains  were  ordered 
to  give  way  entirely  to  the  passenger  traffic.  Gravel 
and  construction  trains  were  side-tracked.  Loco 
motives  were  running  northward  all  day  on  the 
Central  and  West  Shore  roads  to  meet  special  trains 
coming  from  the  West  and  bring  them  to  New-York. 
The  rush  of  pleasure-seekers  is  the  greatest  ever 
known  in  the  history  of  all  the  roads  running  into 
the  Grand  Central  Station.  Companies  that  did  not 
run  special  trains  divided  their  regular  trains  into 
sections,  a  single  schedule  sometimes  carrying  a  dozen 
trains  of  eight  cars  each.  With  rare  exceptions 
trains  arrived  on  time. 

NO  LIMIT  TO  THE  SPECIAL  TRAINS. 

The  Te?msylvanla  Railroad  opened  its  flood  gates 
yesterday  and  let  the  people  come.  The  country 
cousins,  family  relatives  and  friends  came  In  multi 
tudes,  and  all  day  long  and  late  into  the  night  there 
was  an  almost  constant  stream  of  people  pouring  out 
of  the  incoming  trains  and  filling  the  station  and  pack 
ing  the  ferryboats.  The  rush  in  the  morning  was 
extraordinary,  between  10,000  and  15.000  people 
arriving  at  the  station  before  noon.  As  a  rule,  the 
crowd  that  arrived  in  the  morning  was  made  up  of 
excursion  parties,  with  occasional  military  organiza 
tions  and  a  liberal  sprinkling  of  veterans  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  whose  organizations  intended 
to  form  here. 


26 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENAEY. 


The  heavy  travel  set  In  about  8  a.  m.,  and  the 
arrival  of  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature  at  10  o'clock, 
headed  by  a  brass  band,  marked  the  second  rush.  Thte 
statesmen  from  Tennsylvania  wore  tasty  badges  and 
made  a  fine  showing  as  they  marched  down  the  wharf 
of  the  Adams  Express  Company  to  their  special 
steamer.  The  next  organization  of  distinction  was  , 
the  4th  Virginia  Regiment,  oOO  men.  The  regiment  I 
was  commanded  by  Colopel  H.  0.  Hudglns,  and  the 
other  officers  were  Lieutenant-Colonel  Smith,  Major 
C.  A.  Nash,  Major  L.  A.  Blllasoly,  Captain  Samuel 
Hodges.  Captain  Washington  Taylor  and  Adjutant  John 
6.  Jenkins.  The  men  were  dressed  in  light  gray  uni 
forms  and  wore  helmets.  Twenty-three  special 
trains  arrived  during  the  forenoon,  only  nine'  Ibss 
th'an  on  the  entire  day  before,  when  30,000  people 
were  brought  to  this  city  over  the  Pennsylvania  lines. 

EMPLOYES    BUSY    WITH    THE    EXTRA    TRAFFIC. 

The  Erie  Railroad  officials  and  employes  found  their 
hands  full  In  handling  the  big  crowds  that  travelled 
over  the  road.  Most  of  the  traffic  was  through  traffic, 
while  to-day  most  of  It  will  be  local.  There  were  four 
sections  of  train  12,  averaging  from  twelve  to  fifteen 
cars  apiece ;  two  sections  of  train  4,  averaging  twelve 
cars  apiece,  and  two  sections  of  train  2.  Local  trains 
were  crowded  from  Pert  Jervis  and  Paterson.  At  all 
points  along  the  line  trains  were  made  up  and  started 
as  the  travel  demanded.  At  some  points  only  two 
trains  were  needed  to  relieve  the  regular  trains 
Most  of  the  passengers  yesterday  came  from  Chicago, 
Columbus,  Cleveland,  Akron,  Binghamton,  Cincinnati 
and  Buffalo.  Militia  companies  arrived  from  all 
these  places.  Among  the  military  organizations  were 
Battery  B,  of  the  1st  Artillery,  Ohio,  Captain  Mc 
Carthy;  Battery  C,  Binghamton,  Captain  Um- 
sted;  Battery  C,  Cincinnati,  8th  Regiment,  Ohio; 
8th  Regiment,  Akron,  and  the  14th  Regiment,  Colum 
bus.  Train  Dispatcher  David  Halliclay  told  a  Tribune 
reporter  that  the  travel  on  the  road  yesterday  was 
three  times  as  great  as  on  Sunday,  and  would  un 
doubtedly  be  double  to-day.  All  freight  on  the  Eastern 
division,  that  is,  from  Port  Jervis  to  Jersey  City, 
has  been  abandoned  at  the  former  point,  with  the  ex 
ception  of  live  stock  and  perishable  freight,  until 
Thursday. 

Travel  was  heavy  also  on  the  Delaware,  L^ckawa-ma 
and  Western  Railroad.  Train  Dispatcher  James  Dal- 
rymple  said  that  a  special  train  of  five  cars  was  run 
from  Washington  ;  one  of  seven  cars  from  Morristown  ; 
a  special  of  five  cars  from  South  Orange ;  one  of  seven 
from  Summit;  one  of  four  from  Boon  ton ;  and  from 
Montclair  there  were  two  specials  of  six  cars  each 
Two  through  trains  were  run  from  Buffalo,  one  being 
made  up  of  eleven  cars  and  the  other  of  twelve.  The 
regular  trains  were  packed  with  passengers. 

OREAT  CROWDS  ON  THE  NEW-JEJISEY  CENTRAL. 

The  crowds  over  the  New-Jersey  Central  Railroad 
have  been  so  large  for  the  last  three  days  that  it  has 
been  necessary  to  suspend  the  coal  and  freight 
traffic  in  order  to  transport  passengers  promptly. 
Yesterday  morning  the  number  of  passengers  In 
creased  largely,  and  the  station  in  Communipaw  was 
crossed  by  two  nearly  continuous  streams  of  sight 
seers.  One  stream  poured  in  from  Philadelphia,  Easton, 
Long  Branch,  Newark  and  suburban  towns  of  New- 
Jersey,  the  other  rushed  from  this  city  out  to  Eliza 
beth  and  Elizabeth  port,  to  catch  the  first  glimpse  of 
President  Harrison  upon  his  embarkation  there.  The 
Philadelphia  express  brought  twelve  cars  Instead  of 
Its  usual  four;  the  Long  Branch  express  twelve  In 
stead  of  its  usual  eight ;  and  the  other  regular  trains 
were  enlarged  in  like  proportion,  while  the  specials 
from  suburban  towns  kept  the  tracks  filled.  The 
sightseers  included  the  old  and  the  young,  the  robust, 
and  the  feeble.  The  babies  were  not  forgotten,  and 
many  a  little  toddler,  in  his  best  bib  and  tucker, 
was  dragged  along  at  an  unmerciful  pace  by  his  excited 
mother. 

About  11 :30  the  trains  began  to  come  Into  the 
Communipaw  station  from  Elizabeth  port,  bearing 
the  already  jaded  people  who  had  seen  the  embark 
ation.  The  crowds  filled  the  docks  and  clambered  to 
the  roofs  of  the  freight  sheds,  in  their  eagerness  to 
catch  a  glimpse  of  the  Despatch. 


A    BALLROOM   OF   FLOWERS, 


DANCING    IN    A    BEAUTIFUL    ARBOR    IN    A 
BLAZE  OF  LIGHT. 


BRILLIANT    SCENES      AT      THE    METROPOLITAN 
OPEJIA   HOUSE— A   TERRIBLE   CRUSH- 
SOME  OF  THOSE  IN  THE  BOXES. 

The  thousands  of  men  and  women  who  attended 
the  Centennial  ball  at  the  Metropolitan  Opera 
House  last  night  will  remember  the  occasion  as 
long  as  they  live  for  a  wide  variety  of  reasons. 
To  all  it  was  a  most  brilliant  social  affair  in 
point  of  numbers,  the  character  of  those  who 
took  part  in  it,  and  the  decorations.  It  was 
graced  by  a  larger  number  of  distinguished  men 
and  fair  women,  and  of  representatives  of  families 
whose  names  are  identified  with  the  history  of  the 
country,  than  has  characterized  any  other  similar 
event  in  the  past.  As  a  dancing  affair,  it  was  not 
so  enjoyable  perhaps,  especially  in  the  earlier 
hours,  when  the  crush  was  great. 

The  crush  began  before  the  doors  were  opened 
at  9  o'clock.  The  official  programme  had  an 
nounced  that  the  doors  would  be  thrown  open  at 
8  o'clock,  and  at  that  hour  carriages  began  to  ar 
rive,  containing  people  who  wished  to  get  to  their 
places  early,  in  order  to  avoid  the  greater  crowds 
expected  at  a  later  hour.  The  doors  were  not 
opened  at  8  o'clock,  however,  and  as  the  people 
left  their  carriages  there  was  nothing  for  them 
to  do  but  stand  in  the  open  air  and  wait. 
Within  half  an  hour  the  entire  section  of  Broad 
way,  from  Thirty-ninth-st.  to  Fcrtieth-st..  was 
filled  from  the  curb,  to  the  street-car  tracks  with 
men  and  with  women  m  their  delicate  evening 
dress.  Each  passing  car  caused  a  stampede,  in 
which  elaborate  costumes  were  torn  and  ruined 
Every  additional  carriage  t»dded  to  the  disorder 
and  distress  of  those  on  foot.  Captain  Reilly 
and  100  of  his  men  attempted  to  keep  the  wairiug 
people  from  beneath  the  feoi<  of  the  horses.  The 
crowd  finally  became  so  dense  that  the  police 
themselves  were  powerless.  It  was  impossible 
to  do  any  clubbing  in  such  a  crowd  as  that,  es 
pecially  as  the  people  composing  it  were  victims 
and  not  transgressors. 

The  people  on  the  outside  of  the  crowd  in 
order  to  escape  the  passing  cars  encroached  upon 
those  in  front.  Each  car  that  passed  caused  a 
distinct  and  separate  panic.  Women  screamed, 
some  soii'Dfd  and  cried,,  and  the  men  swore.  These 
people  were  all  ticket  and  box  holders  who  had 
come  thus  early  expecting  to  be  able  to  gain 
admittance. 

The  noise  of  hammers  was  heard  by  tho<=e  on  the 
outside,  indicating  that  workmen  were  still  busy 
on  the  decorations  on  the  inside. 

"  Never  mind  the  decorations,  and  let  us  in  I" 
was  shouted  at  the  closed  doors.  At  last,  at  ten 
minutes  of  9,  the  doors  were  swuns  open. 

The  beauty  that  was  revealed  to  those  who  were 
fairly  shot  into  the  corridors  by  the  angry  crowd 
in  the  rear  almost  repaid  them  for  the  suffering 
th?y  had  undergone.  When  Director  Stanton  was 
asked  why  the  doors  were  not  opened  earlier,  he 
said  that  the  advertised  time  was  10  o'clock,  and 
that  it  was  impossible  to  open  them  before. 

A    BEAUTIFUL   BOWER    OF   FLOWERS. 

To  those  who  maintained  their  complacency  the 
scene  within  the  Opera  House  was  one  of  marvel 
lous  beauty.  The  main  corridor  was  a  veritable 
bower  of  roses,  azaleas,  lilies  and  ferns.  No  wood 
work  was  visible  anywhere.  On  all  sides  were 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


27 


blossoms  of  pink,  white  and  crimson,  set  like  jew 
els  in  a  background  of  evergreens.  The  stairways 
and  lobbies  were  lined  with  laurel  and  arborvitae, 
and  roses  were  trailed  in  festoons  along  the  walls 
and  balustrades.  Inside  the  auditorium  thsre  was 
a  mass  of  light  from  myriads  of  incandescent 
lamps,  placed  so  closely  together  that  the  glare 
seemed  absolutely  unbroken.  The  orange  and 
white  streamers  in  the  dome  somewhat  mellowed 
the  effect  of  the  lower  glare,  but  when  the  great 
floor  became  filled  and  the  b9xes  became  occupied 
the  brilliancy  seemed  less  piercing. 

The  crush  at  10  o'clock  on  the  floor  of  the  ball 
room  was  great.  A  detachment  of  the  2d  Artil 
lery  was  drawn  up  in  double  lines  to  keep  a  pas 
sage  for  the  Presidential  party.  It  was  half-past 
10  when  the  bugles  announced  the  arrival  of  the 
President's  party  outside  the  corridor.  Every 
eye  was  at  once  fixed  upon  the  entrance.  The 
band  struck  up  "  Hail  to  the  Chief  as  President 
Harrison  appeared  at  the  door.  The  President 
walked  through  the  line  of  soldiers  with  Governor 
Hill  on  his  right  hand  and  Mayor  Grant  on  his 
left.  Following  them  came  Mr.  Morton  and  Mrs. 
Harrison,  Lieutenant-Governor  Jones  and  Mrs. 
Morton,  Stuyvesant  Fish,  jr.,  and  Mrs.  Jones. 
When  he  had  reached  the  portals  of  his  box  the 
President  turned  and  bowed  in  response  to  the 
plaudits  which  had  greeted  him  on  his  walk 
through  the  aisle  of  booted  and  spurred  artillery 
men.  He  then  entered  his  box  with  his  party. 
The  ladies  of  the  quadrille  of  honor  then  came, 
leaning  on  the  arms  of  the  floor  managers.  As 
they  reached  the  President's  box  each  one  bowed 
low  and  the  President  rose  and  bowed.  The  ladies 
then  went  to  their  box  and  waited  there  for  the 
invited  guests  to  march  in  and  take  their  places. 

THE    QUADRILLE    OF   HONOR. 

When  all  had  seated  themselves  in  their  boxes, 
the  ladies  of  the  quadrille  again  appeared,  and 
meeting  their  partners  for  the  dance,  took  their 
places  on  the  floor  in  the  following  order: 

Vice-President  Morton, 
Mrs.  Jones, 
Lieutenant  Judson, 
Mrs.  Astor, 
Admiral  Jouett, 
Mrs.  Washington, 
General  McCook, 
Mrs.  A.  S.  Webb, 
General  Fitzgerald, 
Mrs.  Gracie-King, 
Captain  Sampson, 


Lieutenant-Governor  Jones 
Mrs.  Morton, 


Mrs.  De  Peystor, 
Dr.  A.  L.  Ruth, 
Mrs.  Cutting, 
J.  William  Beekman, 
Miss  Livingston, 


Senator  Alirich, 
Mrs.  Cruger, 

General  Vincent, 
Mrs.  Gerry, 

Commodore  Ramsay, 
Mrs.  Morris, 
Captain  Dorst, 
Mrs.  Cooper, 
Mr.  De  Peyster, 
Mrs.  Van  Rensselaer, 
General  J.  M.  Varnum, 
Mrs.  Weir, 
J.  Creighton  Webb, 
Miss  Schuyler. 


The  quadrille  was  danced  to  national  airs 
played  by  Lander's  orchestra.  The  couples  pro 
ceeded  to  dance  a  simple  quadrille  with  three 
figures.  Directly  after  the  quadrille  dancing  was 
.general,  at  least  there  was  an  attempt  at  dancing, 
which  was  difficult  owing  to  the  great  crowd. 
The  order  was  as  follows : 


Overture 
Overture 

1.  Quadrille 
Polka 

2.  Waltz 
Waltz 

8.  Polka 

Polka 
4.  Lanciers 

Promenade 

6.  Waltz 
Waltz 

3.  Polka 
Polka 

7.  Waltz 
Waltz 

8.  Lanciers 
Promenade 

$.  Polka  Redowa 
Polka  Redowa 


National    Airs 

Rienzi 
Declaration 
Rosebud 
Militaire 
Sweet  Dream 
Hungarian 
Camarade 
Said  Pasha 
Fleurette 
My  Treasure 
Luna  Bella 
Telegraph 
Pretty  Maiden 
Winter  Echoes 
La  Gitana 
Marquis 
Polonaise 
Arm  in  Arm 
Alpine   Violets 


Lander 

Wagner 

Wiegand 

Dietrich 

Waldteufel 

Eilenberg 

Lander 

Waldteufel 

Stahl 

Thome 

Strauss 

Aigrette 

Puerner 

Aronson 

Strauss 

Buccalossl 

Lacome 

Weingarten 

Strauss 

Fahrbach 


10.  Waltz 
Waltz 

11.  Galop 
Galop 

12.  Lanciers 
Promenade 

13.  Waltz 
Waltz 

14.  Polka 
Polka 

15.  Waltz 
Waltz 

10.  York 
York 

17.  Lanciers 
Promenade 

18.  Polka 
Polka 

19.  Waltz 
Waltz 

20.  Galop 
Galop 

21.  Waltz 

Waltz 

22.  Polka 
Polk 

23.  Waltz 
Waltz 

24.  Polka 


Blooming  Youth. 

Santiago 
Skyrockets 

Dash 
Yeomen  of  the  Guard 

Cupid 
Lagoons 
Angelo 
Fairy  Tales 

Eda 

Confidences 

Pearl  of  Pekin 

One  Heart,  One  Mind 

Oxford 

Dorothy 

Newburg  Centennial 
Sans  Souci 

Bouquet 

Good  Faith  1 

Said  Pasha 
Now  or  Never 
Holter  Polter 
Vienna  Women 
Paris   Nouveau 
Ticklish  Waiter 

Tarok 
Nick  of  the  Woods 

Carrie 
Dianelli 


Wiegand 
Corbln 

C.  F.  Wernig 

Wiegand 

Sullivan 

Bopp 

Strauss 

Czibulka 

Roth 

Fnenkenstein 

Waldteufel 

Kerker 

Strauss 

Pinner 

Cellier 

Reum 

Strauss 

Dietrich 

Fuenkenstein 

Stahl 

Baker 

Wiegand 

Strauss 

Wohanka 

Lander 

Miller 

Wiegand 

Lander 

Fuenkenstein 


Home,  Sweet  Home. 
Musical   Director J.    M.   Lander 

The  music  was  supplied  by  Lander's  band,  which 
was  divided  into  two  sections,  one  on  either  side 
of  the  balcony,  playing  alternately  for  dancing 
and  the  promenade. 

THE  FLOOR  MANAGERS. 

The  floor  managers,  whose  duty  was  only  nom 
inal,  included: 

Edmund  C.  Stanton,  chairman;  Daniel  T.  Worrten, 
Campbell  Steward,  G.  G.  Haven,  jr.,  Alfred  Wagstaff, 
Walther  Luttgen,  H.  Le  Grand  Cannon,  M.  L.  Ruth. 
M.  D.,  U.  S.  N. ;  General  Martin  T.  McMahon,  Henry  E. 
Rowland,  Henry  W.  Blbby,  William  Saloman,  John 
Hone,  jr.,  Daniel  Millihen,  J.  J.  Townsend,  George 
Bend,  Charles  De  Kay.  S.  L.  Morison,  Allan  Me  Lane 
Hamilton,  Lloyd  Aspinwall,  J.  L.  Anthony,  J.  William 
Beekman,  Charles  D.  Miller,  Elliott  Roosevelt,  A.  P. 
Montant,  Daniel  Appleton,  J.  Bowers  Lee,  John  M. 
Bowers,  Charles  S.  Stokes,  Duncan  Elliott,  Frederick 
Van  Lennup,  Henry  M.  McElligott. 

IN  THE  BOXES. 
The  boxes  were  held  as  follows: 

PARTERRE    BOXES. 


No*. 

1.  Thomas  Hitchcock. 

3.  R.  T.  Wilson. 

5.  James  A.   Burden. 

7.  A.  C.  Kingsland. 
9.  William  Astor. 

11.  Ogden  Goelet. 

13.  Henry  J.  Barbey. 

15.  H.   A.  Johnson. 

17.  William  D.  Sloane. 

NORTH    SIDE. 
Nos.  Nos. 

2.  Clarence  A.  Seward. 

4.  J.  Hampden  Robb. 

6.  James  W.  Gerard. 

8.  James  M.  Varnum. 
10.   A.  Newbold  Morris. 

12.  Ward  McAllister. 

14.  Henry  Clews. 

16.  James  H.  Beekman. 

18.  William  Jay. 


Nos. 

19.  William  G.  Hamilton. 

21.  Victor   Newcomb. 

23.  Chauncey  M.    Depew. 

25.  Elb  ridge  T.  Gerry. 

27.  C.   C.   Baldwin. 

29.  Stuyvesant  Fish. 

31.  Robert  C.   Winthrop. 

33.  Cooper  Hewitt. 

35.  Hamilton  Fish. 


20.  Robert  Goelet. 

22.  George  H.  Warren. 

24.  William  W.   Astor. 

2G.  Luther  Kountze. 

28.  James  P.  Kernochan. 

30.  Samuel  F.  Barger. 

32.  Alexander  S.  Webb. 

34.  Adrian  Iselin. 

36.  L.  P.  Morton. 


FIRST  TIER  BOXES— SOUTH  SIDE. 


57.  S.  V.  R.  Cruger, 
59.  Mrs.  Paran  Stevens, 
61.   Asa  Bird  Gardiner, 
63.   Hugh  J.  Grant, 
65.  Samuel  D.  Babcock, 
67.  Edward  Cooper, 
69.   H.  II.  Anderson, 
71.  Theodore  W.  Myers, 
73.  W.  E.  D.  Stokes. 


37.  S.  B.  Elkins, 

39.  Opera  House  Co., 

41.  Llspenard  Stewart, 

43.  G.  G.  Haven, 

45.  James  A.  Hamilton, 

47.  George  S.  Bowdoin, 

49.  Egerton  L.  Winthrop, 

51.  Mrs.  Henry  W.  Smith, 

53.  E.  H.  Harriman, 
55.  S.  L.  M.  Barlow, 

NORTH    SIDE. 

38.  John  Kean,  56.  Cornelius  N.  Bliss, 

40.  Frederick  J.  de  Peyster,      58.   Brayton  lyes, 

42.  W.  C.  Schermerhorn. 

44.  Elliott      and 

Roosevelt, 

46.  E.  Randolph  Robinson, 

48.  J.  Pierpont  Morgan, 

50.  Robert  L.  Cutting, 

52.  Seth  Barton  French, 

54.  Frederick  S.  Tallmadge. 


60.   Henry  G.  Marquand, 


Theodore     62.  Orlando  B.  Potter, 

"King, 
66.  George  W.  Kidd, 


64.  John  A.  King 

rg€ 
68.   Smith  Clift, 


. 

70.  Clarence  W.  Bowen, 
72.   Alexander  Brown. 


28 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY 


Among  the  women  in  the  boxes  were : 
Mrs.  J.  Hampden  Robb,  Mrs.  James  Hude  Beek- 
man,  Mrs.  Bruce  Ismay,  Miss  Schieffelin,  Mrs.  Will 
iam  Waldorf  Astor.  Mrs.  Paul,  Mrs.  James  P.  Ker- 
nochan,  Mrs.  William  Douglass  Sloaue,  Mrs.  William 
G.  Hamilton,  Miss  Daisy  Hamilton,  Mrs.  J.  Fred 
Pierson,  Mrs.  James  A.  Burden,  Mrs.  Robert  Goelet, 
Mis.  Percy.  Alden,  Mrs.  George  H.  Bend,  Miss  Amy 
Bend,  Mrs.  George  Henry  Warren,  jr.,  Mrs.  W.  H. 
Tillinghast,  Mrs.  Ogden  Doremus,  Miss  Estelle  Dore- 
mus,  Mis.  Orme  Wilson,  Mrs.  Henry  Clews,  Mrs. 
George  S.  Bowdoin,  Miss  Bowdoln,  Mrs.  Elliott  Roose- 
velt,  Miss  Hall,  Mrs.  Theodore  Koosevelt,  Mrs.  Luther 
Kountze,  Miss  Beckwith,  Mis.  Austin  Corbin,  Miss 
Corbin,  Mrs.  August  Belmont,  Jr.,  Mrs.  George  W. 
Kidd,  Mrs.  Hazen,  Mrs.  Cooper  Hewitt,  Mrs.  Burke 
Roche,  the  Misses  Webb,  the  Misses  Hecks  her,  Mrs. 
J.  G.  K.  Duer,  the  Misses  Duer,  Miss  Cameron,  Mrs. 
Alfred  Youngs,  Mrs.  Robert  B.  Mfuturn,  the  Misses 
Mlnturn,  Mrs.  E.  Ely-Goddard,  Mrs.  J.  E.  Smith 
Haddeu,  Mrs.  II.  L.  Burnett,  Miss  Fannie  Taller,  Mrs. 
J.  F.  D.  Lanier,  Mrs.  Sidney  Dillon  Ripley,  Mrs. 
Bray  ton  Ives,  Miss  Ives,  Mrs.  Alfred  Gallatin,  Mrs. 
Rowland  Pell,  Mrs.  Isaac  Bronson,  Miss  Bronson,  Mrs. 
S.  B.  Elkins,  Miss  Elkins,  Miss  Nellie  Redmond,  Mrs. 
Lloyd  S.  Bryco,  Miss  Clarisse  Livingston,  Miss  Eva 
Van  Courtlaudt  Morris,  Mrs.  F.  S.  Tallmadge,  Mrs. 
Dudley  Field,  Mrs.  Walter  Cutting,  Miss  Cutting,  Mrs. 
J.  Pierpont  Morgan,  the  Misses  Morgan,  the  Misses 
Cltft,  Mrs.  James  W.  Gerard,  Mrs.  Edward  Snelling, 
Miss  Grace  Snelling,  Mrs.  Edward  Harriman,  Mrs. 
Edward  Kemeys,  Mrs.  Ogden  Goelet,  Mrs.  Michael 
Henry  Herbert,  Miss  Grace  Wilson,  Mrs.  Will 
iam  Jay,  Mrs.  Herbert  Pell,  Mrs.  Henry  J. 
Barbey,  the  Misses  Barbey,  Mrs.  Samuel  F. 
Barger,  the  Misses  Barger,  Miss  Lizzie  Beach,  Mrs. 
Victor  Newcomb,  Miss  Edith  Newcomb,  Mrs.  Robert 

A.  Winthrop,  Mrs.   Hamilton  Fish,  Jr.,   Mrs.  Nicholas 
Fish,  Miss  Fish,  Miss  Baldwin,  Mrs.  Elbrldge  T.  Gerry, 
the  Misses  Stevens,  Mrs.   George  B.   De  Forest,  Miss 
Hargous,  Miss  Winthrop.  Miss  Berryman,  Mrs.  William 
Post,    Miss    Post,    the    Misses    Stokes,    Mrs.    Fordyce 
Barker,  Jr.,  the  Misses  Babcock,  Mrs.  C.  R,  Williams, 
Mrs.   Cornelius  N.    Bliss,  Mrs.  Charles  A.   Pool,  Miss 
Lina  Post,   Mrs.   John  Jay,   Mrs.    Lispenard  Stewart, 
Mrs.    John   D.    Jones,   Miss   Sarah    Floyd-Jones,    Mrs. 
Alexander    Brown,    Mrs.    Frederick    J.     de    Peyster, 
Mrs.     John    Kean,     the     Misses     Kean,     Miss     Flora 
Davis,  Mrs.  John  Alsop   King,  Mrs.    W.  C,  Schermer- 
horn,    Mrs.    John    Inness    Kane,    Miss    Sehermerhorn, 
Mrs.  Marquand,  Miss  Marquand,  Mrs.  Harold  Godwin, 
Miss   Nora   Godwin,   Mrs.    Seth   Barton   French,    Mrs. 
George    B.    French,    Mrs.    Roosevelt    Schuyler,    Mrs. 
Theodore  W.  Myers,  Mrs.  John  Alexandre,  Miss  Bessie 
Webb,  Mrs.  G.  F.  Shepard,  Miss  Louise  Shepard,  Mrs. 
Buchanan  Winthrop,  Mrs.  R.  T.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Clarence 
Cary,  Miss  Potter,  Mrs.  Burton  Harrison,  Mrs.  Douejas 
Robinson,    Jr.,    Mrs.    E.    J.    Woolsey,    Jr.,    Mrs."  John 
Mlnturn,  Jr.,  Miss  Minturn. 

SOME  OF  THE  MEN  PRESENT. 

Among  the  well-known  men  who  went  from  box 
to  box  and  mingled  with  the  crowds  of  dancers 
were: 

George  Clinton  Genet,  Charles  Isham,  John  J. 
Knox,  F.  R.  Coudert,  Charles  Coudort,  A.  S.  Yeaton, 
George  Gardiner  Fry,  Walter  Wrebb,  F.  A.  Benjamin, 
John  A.  Varick,  J.  G.  Bulkley,  Erastus  Wiman,  George 
W.  Forsyth,  De  Witt  Clinton  Falls,  August  Montant, 
Jules  Montant,  Charles  Platt,  Wr.  C.  Wallace,  James 
Montgomery,  F.  W.  Witherbee,  Clinton  Stuart,  John 

D.  Jones,  Conde  Thorn,  M.  L.  Ehlers,  Robert  T.  Bel- 
knap,    Frank    R.    Lawrence,    Rutherford    Stuyvesant, 
Henry  Lawrence  Rutherford,  H.  B.  Ledyard.  John  A. 
PInard,  Charles  Pinard,  Oswald  Ottendorfer,  William  E. 
Dodge,  Samuel  Borrowe,   Edwards  Plerrepont,  Marl  in 

B.  Brown.  Oliver  G.  Barton,  Baron  do  Wiedener,  E.  B. 
Requa,   Charles  Daly,   William  Dalton,  James  S.   Van 
Courtlandt,    Eugene    Higgins,    Louis    Stanton,    W     H 
Tillinghast,    F.    W.    Ade?,    Jnlien    T.    Davles,    J      L 
Schroeder,  De  Lancey  Nlcoll,  Eugene  Kelly,  Jr.    Wood- 
bury    G.    Langdon.    George    Ehret,    Henry    S.    Glover, 

E.  B.   Harper.   John    Bloodgood,    J.   F.   de   Nenfville, 
J.    Stockton    Hough,    A.    Van    Santvoord,    Charles    J. 
Stebbins,    Roland   Knoedler,    A.    La   Montagn«,    Frank 
Tilford,    Washington    E.    Connor,    Colonel    Elliott    F. 
Shepard,  Karrlck  Riggs.   J.  Murray  Mitchell,   Edward 
Mitchell,  R.  I.  Wilson,  Orme  Wilson,  Captain  Warren 

C.  Beach,   W.   Griswold  Wheeler,  John   G.   Beresford, 


j  Pierre  Barlow,  Myron  P.  Walker,  Edward  F.  De 
Lttncey,  John  Sloaue,  Frederick  A.  Halsey,  Charles 
l.anier,  G.  A.  Morrison,  jr.,  E.  F.  Coward,  Rudolph 
Aionson,  J.  B.  Conway,  Myies  Standish,  Arthur  Ferry. 

j  W.   A.   Coffin,   William  Post,    Charles   A.  Post,   Bachd 

|  Schmidt.         Dr.         T.         Addis         Emmet,         Locke 

;  W.  Winchester,  W.  J.  S\yan,  Adrian  Iselin,  Charles 
H.  Russell,  James  A.  Kernochan,  Shepard  Knapp, 
Robert  Osborno,  Alexander  D.  Shaw,  Johnston  Llv- 

j  Ingston,  Abraham  R.  Lawrence,  Rhinelander  Dillon, 
General  Sickles,  Edmund  Terry,  Sir  Roderick  Cameron, 

;  A.    de    Navarro,    Antonio    de    Navarro,    Thomas    W. 

I  Ward,  Philip  Livingston  Livingston,  P.  G.  Thebaud, 
Stanley  Mortimer,  Center  Hitchcock,  R.  W. 
Gilder,  Colonel  Emmons  Clark,  George  F. 
Hecker,  A.  C.  Kingsland,  Oliver  G.  Barton, 
George  Wrestlnghouse,  Professor  Ogden  Doremus, 
Arthur  Doremus,  H.  N.  Hayden,  General  Edward  Wins- 
low,  J.  H.  Kimball,  Willard  P.  Ward,  R.  L.  Cutting, 
Jr.,  James  \V.  Gerard,  Jr.  C.  Lawrence  Perkins,  C. 
Stacy  Clark,  J.  S.  Barnes,  Frederick  Tappen,  William 
S.  Kingsland,  Arthur  Leary,  E.  P.  Delatield,  Henry 
Hilton,  Edward  Hilton,  George  P.  Watts,  G.  H.  Scrib- 
ner,  A.  A.  Vantine,  Edgar  Saltus,  Clarence  Andrew, 
David  H.  Morrison,  Jacob  B.  Moore,  Preble  Tucker. 
Hallett  Borrowe,  Professor  Charles  Doremus,  F.  Or- 
monde  French,  Benyer  Clarkson,  WT.  R.  Grace.  Oswald 
Jackson,  F.  O.  Millet,  Jesse  Sellgrnan,  W.  H.  Crosby. 
John  Cadwallader,  Robert  Schell,  General  di  Cesnola, 
Daniel  Huntington,  Henry  B.  Hyde,  Allan  Campbell, 
William  B.  Beekman,  Paul  Thehaud,  G.  D.  M.  Peixotto, 
Dr.  Van  Beverhout  Thompson,  Willis  D.  James,  F.  W. 
Murray,  H.  H.  Boyesen,  J.  Hopkinson  Smith,  John  P. 
Pine,  Rudolph  Shack,  J.  R.  Houghton,  G.  V.  Loew, 
F.  R.  Houghton,  Howland  Robbins,  D.  I.  Barker,  H. 
Alexander  Murray,  Ambrose  Henry,  Wrilliam  H.  Wick- 

j  ham,  Robert  Rutherford,  Wayne  S.  Parker,  S.  Van 
Rensselaer  Cruger.  John  Austin  Stevens,  DeWltt 

j  Clinton   Jones,    J.   L.   Riker,   J.    Hood   Wright,   Oliver 

!  Harriman,  Jr.,  and  James  Harriman. 

It  became  apparent  before  11  o'clock  that  the 
ball  was  to  develop  into  a  veritable  jam.  While 
the  floor  of  the  Opera  House  and  the  corridors 
were  so  thoroughly  crowded  that  it  was  impos 
sible  to  move  about,  there  was  still  a  line  of 
carriages  extending  to  Twenty-second-st.  The 
entrances  became  blocked  and  great  confusion 
prevailed  outside.  Then  there  was  a  grand  rush 
and  hundreds  of  people  came  in  without  having 
a  chance  to  show  their  tickets.  More  people  kept 
coming  in,  until  there  must  have  been  10,000 
within  the  walls  of  the  Opera  House.  It  was 
said  that  only  6,000  tickets  were  to  be  sold. 
That  number  of  people  could  have  been  com- 

|  fortably  accommodated,  but  4,000  more  made  a 
most  frightful  Grjush.  In  the  corridors  ladies  were 
blockaded  for  hours.  Not  only  were  prominent 
and  fashionable  people  in  the  boxes,  but  there 
were  cro\vds  of  these  who  were  unable  to  obtain 
such  accommodations.  They  stood  packed  closely 
together,  watching  the  President's  party.  These 
boxes  were  built  at  the  extreme  edge  of  the  stage, 

[   and  were  in  two  tiers,  five  in  the  lower  and  four 

j  in  the  upper,  the  box  for  the  President  being  the 
largest.  In  the  smaller  boxes  were  the  members 
of  the  Cabinet  and  their  wives.  Ex-President  and 
Mrs.  Cleveland  were  in  an  upper  box  at  the  right 
of  the  President's  box.  Mrs.  Cleveland  was 
dressed  in  a  white  satin  gown,  cut  low,  and 
wore  a  necklace  of  solitaire  diamonds.  She 
carried  an  ostrich  feather  fan.  At  the  left  of 
the  President,  in  box  N,  were  Secretary  and  Mrs. 
Tracy,  Admiral  Porter  and  Mrs.  Porter;  box  P, 
Senator  Hiscock  and  party;  box  Q,  Chjef  Justice 
and  Mrs.  Fuller,  Justice  and  Mrs.  Blatchford, 
Justice  and  Mrs.  Field :  President's  box,  in  the 
centre,  President  and  Mrs.  Harrison,  Vice-Presi- 

i   dent    and    Mrs.    Morton,    Mr.    and    Mrs.    Eussell 

;  Harrison,  Elijah  Halford ;  box  V,  Secretary  and 
Mrs.  'Noble,  Senator  Ingalls,  Senator  Cullom,; 
Miss  Cullom,  Senator  Manderson,  Senator  Col- 
quitt,  Senator  Dawes,  Senator  Wade  Hampton, 
General  McCook,  Secretary  of  the  Senate :  Senator 
J.  B.  Eustis  and  Colonel  William  P.  Canaday. 
In  the  other  boxes  were  Governor  Gordon  and 

i  Mrs.  Gordon.  Hugh  Gordon,  Miss  Caro  Lewis  Gor- 
don,  Colonel  Mercer,  Colonel  Jackson,  ajid  Miss 
Cornelia  Jackson.  Several  members  of  the  diplo- 

i  matic  corps  were  in  other  boxes. 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


29 


At  midnight  the  President  and  his  party  were 
escorted  to  the  supper-room.     The  following  is  the 

menu : 

CHAUDS. 
Consomme  en  Tasse. 

Huitres  Poulette. 
Bouchees   a   la   Relne. 
Timbales   Venetiennes. 
Croquettes  de  Volaille. 

Terrapins  Maryland. 

Filets  de  Boeaf  aux  Champignons. 

Chapons  roti,  aux  Marrons. 

FROIDS. 
Saumcns  de  Canada,  au  beurre  de  Montpelier. 

Bass  reyes  a  la  Borgia. 
Frultes   samones  a   la   Bayadere. 

Filets  de  Boeuf  a  la  Russe. 

Aspies  de  fole  gras  en  Belle  yeux. 

Tales  a  la  Washington. 

Jambons  Hlstoilques. 

Tartines  de  foie  gras. 

Bulssons  de  Trutfles  du  Perlgord. 

Langues  de  Boeuf  a  la  Ecarlate. 

Xoix  de  veaux  a  la  Ravigotte. 

Galantines  de  Champons  aux  Truffles. 

Chaud-FroM  d'Ortolans. 

Becasslnes  et  Pluviers  a  la  Gelee. 

Agneaux  du  printemps  roti,  entiers. 

Sandwiches  de  foie  gras. 

Salade   de   Volaille. 

Salade  de  Ilomard. 

SUCRES. 

Pieces  montees  en  Patisserie. 

Gelee  aux  Fruits. 

Gelee  Orlentale. 

Charlottes  Russes. 

Charlottes  Dosia, 

Gauffres  Chantilly. 

Biscuits  des  Princes. 

Diplomatcs  a  la  creme  Chantilly. 

Brioches  en  Moules. 

Savarins  en  Moules. 

Quartiers  d'Oranges  glacees  au  Caramel. 
Nougat  Parisien. 

Neapolitains. 

Chateaubriands. 

Maringues  Suisses. 

Fantaisies. 

Sultanes. 

Cornes  d'abondance. 
Petits  Gateaux. 

Petits  Fours. 
Mottoes.  Bonbons. 


Vanille. 


GLACES. 
Pistaches 
Ananas. 


Frambolses. 


SUPERB  BALL  COSTUMES. 


THE  MORE  CONSPICUOUS  GOWNS. 


CAFE. 
Corbellles  de   Fruits. 

THE  MENU  AT  THE  BANQUET. 

The  following  Is  the  bill  of  fare  for  the  banquet : 

30  Avril,   1889. 

Hors  d'oeuvres. 

POTAGE. 
Tortue  verts. 

HORS   D'OEUVRE   CHAUD. 
Petites  Timb-dles,  a  la  Mlnisteriel. 

POTSSON. 

Saumon  du  Kennebec,  sauce  Hollandalse. 
Salade  de  Concombres.  Pommes  Anglaises. 

RELEVES. 
Filet  de   Boeuf,   sauce  Madere. 

ENTREES. 

RIz  de  veau  a  la  Perloueux. 

Champignons  sautes.  Haricots   verte. 

Becassines   en   cuisse.      Flageolets. 

Aspics   de   foie   gras. 
Sorbet  a  la  Presidence. 

ROTI. 
Poulets   du  Printemps,   au   Cresson. 

Salad  Russe. 
ENTREMETS    GLACE. 
Petits  moults  panaches. 

DESSERT. 

Petite  Fours.  Mottoes. 

Gateaux.  Fruits. 

Pieces  montees. 

Cafe  et  Liqueur. 


HOW  THE  LADIES  WHO  DANCED  THE  QUADRILLE 
APPEARED— MRS.   HARRISON'S  DRESS. 

The  costumes  were  of  great  elegance,  and  jewels 
in  the  greatest  prolusion  were  worn.  Mrs.  William 
Astor  was  ablaze  with  gems. 

Mrs.  Harrison  wore  a  superb  gown,  which  she 
selected  during  her  winter  visit  to  New-York  for 
the  Centennial  ball.  It  was  made  of  pure  white 
faille  of  exquisite  texture.  The  front  of  the  skirt 
was  covered  with  a  deep  flounce  of  white  tulle 
from  waist  to  hem.  The  tulle  was  bangled  with 
small  silver  drops,  which  glistened  like  diamonds. 
On  the  right  side  was  a  broad  panel  of  white  silk 
brocaded  in  silver,  and  separating  this  panel  from 
the  tulle  flounce  was  a  band  of  white  marabout 
leathers.  The  long  princess  train  fell  from  the 
waist  in  straight  folds.  The  waist  was  cut  V -shape 
back  and  front,  and  the  opening  filled  in  with  the 
silver-bangled  tulle.  The  sleeve  came  to  the 
elbow,  and  from  there  to  the  wrist  was  a  dainty 
old-fashioned  undersleeve  of  tulle.  Mrs.  Harrison 
wore  a  diamond  necklace  strung  with  small  stones 
and  a  pendant  of  tine  gems.  Her  gloves  were 
white,  as  were  the  pretty  Suede  slippers,  embroi 
dered  in  silver  thread  and  beads  to  match  the 
gown. 

THOSE  WHO  DANCED  THE  QUADBILLE. 

The  gowns  designed  for  the  ladies  who  dancod 
in  the  quadrille  of  honor  were  strikingly  hand 
some.  Mrs.  Levi  P.  Morton  wore  a  mauve  faille, 
with  train  in  brocade  and  with  white  ground.  The 
design  was  in  delicate  colors— clusters  of  straw 
berries,  caught  up  with  Marie  Antoinette  bows  of 
mauve.  The  front  of  the  skirt  was  in  a  tablier 
in  mousseline  de  soie.  The  low  corsage  was  of 
lilac  faille,  with  a  pointed  front  of  the  brocade. 
The  sleeves  were  short  and  puffed  at  the  shoulder. 
A  heavy  sash  of  lilac  faille  was  fastened  at  the 
waKt,  with  long  ends  divopmg  down  over  the 
urained  skirt.  Mrs.  Morton  carried  an  old-fashioned 
French  fan  of  rare  design,  and  her  ornaments  were 
pearls  and  diamond  stars. 

Mrs.  William  Astor  was  dressed  in  a  superb  white 
Batin  dress,  embroidered  in  silver  and  colored  flow 
ers.  She  wore  her  magnificent  diamonds. 

Miss  Louise  Lee  Schuyler  wore  an  old  gown. 
The  brocade  in  it  is  an  heirloom,  over  100  years 
old,  and  the  dress  belonged  to  the  daughter  of 
General  Schuyler,  who,  in  1 783.  was  married  to 
Stephen  Van  liensselaer.  The  brocade  had  a  light 
ground,  and  was  hand-embroidered  with  delicately 
tinted  flowers.  It  was  partly  covered  with  old 
lace  and  was  relieved  by  dark-green  velvet.  Miss 
Schuyler's  only  ornaments  were  a  pearl  locket  con 
taining  a  lock  of  Washington's  hair  and  a  small 
diamond  pin  holding  the  hair  of  Alexander  Hamil 
ton,  her  great-grandfather. 

Airs.  Frederic  J.  de  Peyster's  gown  was  Direc- 
toire,  of  white  satin.  The  front  was  in  white  and 
Gobelin  blue  brocade,  embroidered  in  gold  and 
sapphire  beads.  A  heavy  velvet  sash  of  Gobelin 
blue  fell  over  the  train.  The  waist  was  of  white 
satin  and  point  lace,  low,  with  short  sleeves  puffed 
high  on  the  shoulders.  She  wore  white  ostrich 
tips  in  her  hair,  and  diamonds  and  rubies  as  orna 
ments. 

Miss  Carola  Livingston  wore  a  gown  with  a 
square  train  of  silver  brocade  over  delicate  pink 
silk,  the  brocade  being  interwoven  with  silver 
threads.  It  is  over  100  years  old.  The  front  of 
the  skirt  was  of  pink  crepe  de  lisse,  caught  up  or 
festooned  with  silver  thistles;  corsage  decollete; 
rich  Martha  Washington  bertha  of  the  crepe  de 
lisse,  caught  with  silver  thistles;  pink  ornaments. 


30 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


pearls   and   diamonds.     She   had   an   aigrette   of 
thistles  and  pearls  in  the  hair. 

Mrs.  Alexander  S.  Webb's  gown  was  a  superb 
yellow  brocaded  satin  trimmed  with  altar  lace, 
plain  yellow  satin  panels  at  the  side,  a  V-shaped 
waist  and  elbow  sleeves;  yellow  leathers  in  her 
hair.  Mrs.  Webb  had  on  a  locket  containing  a 
miniature  of  General  Samuel  B.  Webb,  one  of  Gen 
eral  Washington's  aides.  Her  ornaments  were 
diamonds. 

Mrs.  W.  Bayard  Cutting  wore  a  Josephine  dress 
of  white  satin,  trimmed  with  old-gold  brocade, 
made  with  a  sweeping  court  train.  The  front  of 
the  skirt  was  covered  with  costly  point  lace.  The 
waist  was  of  V-shape,  of  brocade  a<nd  point  lace  :  a 
cluster  of  ostrich  tips,  with  diamonds,  was  in  her 
hair. 

Mrs.  Robert  F.  Weir's  dress  was  of  robin's-egg 
blue  satin  and  flowered  brocade,  made  in  fifteenth 
century  style.  The  front  was  entirely  of  satin 
and  also  the  train,  with  brocaded  panels  at  the 
sides.  The  decollete  bodice  was  of  satin,  trimmed 
with  point  de  Venise.  The  lace  was  caught  to 
gether  in  front  by  a  locket  holding  the  miniatures 
of  President  Madison  and  Mrs.  Madison.  Mis. 
Weir  wore  in  her  hair  a  diamond  buckle  which 
belonged  to  General  Washington.  Mrs.  Weir  is  a 
great-  great- grand  niece  of  General  Washington,  and 
also  a  great-granddaughter  of  Mrs.  Madison. 

Mrs.  S.  Van  R.  Cruger  appeared  in  a  gown  made 
principally  of  pale  yellow  plush,  with  a  train.  A 
heavy  gold  girdle  encircled  her  waist.  The  front 
of  the  dress  fell  in  straight  folds  of  yellow  crepe 
de  chine,  embroidered  with  gold.  It  was  cut 
low-neck,  with  short  sleeves.  Her  ornaments  were 
of  old  gold. 

Mrs.  A.  Gracie  King  wore  a  superb  Worth  gown 
of  white  velvet  and  satin.  The  sweeping  court 
train  was  of  velvet,  the  panels  of  heavy  satin,  the 
front  of  satin  covered  with  point  lace.  Her  orna 
ments  were  diamonds. 

Mrs.  A.  Newbold  Morris's  train  and  waist  were 
of  mignonette  satin:  the  front  of  her  skirt  being 
of  pink  moire,  covered  with  old  cardinal  lace,  and 
the  sides  of  the  skirt  of  Nile-green  satin  with 
revers  of  brocade,  hand-embroidered  with  pink 
rosos.  The  waist  was  V-shaped,  with  cardinal 
lace  over  pink  moire,  with  revers  of  the  brocade ; 
elbow  sleeves,  finished  with  the  lace.  A  bunch 
of  delicate  pink  and  green  feathers  was  clasped 
on  the  right  shoulder,  and  there  were  bunches  of 
feathers  on  the  skirt.  A  cluster  of  ostrich  tips 
was  worn  in  her  hair. 

Mrs.  Alexander  Van  Rensselaer  wore  a  toilet 
of  pansy  velvet,  made  with  a  court  train  and 
with  a  front  of  mauve  satin,  covered  with  black 
lace  and  silver :  decollete  waist  ol  pansy  velvet 
with  lace  and  silver.  The  bodice  was  edged  with 
point  lace,  and  she  wore  diamonds  in  her  hair. 

Mrs.  Edward  Cooper  wore  a  mauve  brocade 
dress,  with  flounces  of  point  lace.  The  st.vle  was 
of  the  time  of  Louis  XVI.  For  ornaments  Mrs. 
Cooper  wore  pearls  and  diamonds. 

Mrs.  Elbridge  Gerry  -\yore  a  gown  with  a  train 
of  white  satin  striped  in  gros  grain  and  which 
had  a  delicate  rose  vine  with  flowers  brocaded 
over  it.  The  front  opened  over  a  simulated  Em 
pire  petticoat  of  white  satin  veiled  in  gauze,  and 
had  panels  of  point  d'Alencon  lace.  The  bodice 
was  cut  low  and  was  edged  with  point  lace. 
Mrs.  Gerry  wore  superb  diamonds  for  ornaments. 

Mrs.  Herbert  Washington  wore  a  Paris  gown  of 
copper  colored  silk  en  train  covered  with  filmy 
tulle  of  the  same  color  embroidered  in  gold.  She 
wore  an  old-fashioned  set  of  jewels,  gold  filagree 
work  around  miniatures  on  ivory. 

Mrs.  E.  F.  Jones's  gown  was  of  white  and 
gold-brown  in  faille  and  silk.  Her  ornaments 
were  diamonds  and  she  carried  a  beautiful  fan. 

OTHEB   GOWNS  WORST  AT  THE    BALL,. 

Among  the  other  striking  costumes  worn  by  the 
ladies  present  were : 

Mrs.  McKee,  -white  armure  silk  and  embroidered 
crepe  Hsse:  train  and  bodice  of  armure;  petticoat 
draped  In  a  flounce  of  the  crepe  Hsse ;  corsage  cut  so  as 
to  appear  low ;  white  gloves. 


Mrs.   Russell  Harrison,  full   square   train  of  white 

satin,    striped    with    moire    In    three-Inch    bands,    and 

brocaded  on  satin,  draped  In  pear  embroidered  tulle ; 

i    bodice  of  blue  satin  embroidered   In  pearls,  cut  low 

back  and  front,   and  edged  with  pale  blue  marabout 

i   feathers ;   sapphire  and  pearl  ornaments. 

Miss  Murphy,  of  St.  Paul,  Mrs.  Harrison's  guest  at 
the  White  House,  low-necked  gown  of  white  faille, 
with  front  of  petticoat  In  draped  silk,  deep  flounces  of 
lace  and  ribbons;  bodice  cut  round  at  the  neck,  out 
lined  with  lace,  with  a  spray  of  five  white  blossoms- 
from  the  left  shoulder  to  the  waist  line. 

Mrs.  Stuyvesant  Fish,  English  Empire  gown  of  pale 
yellow  tulle,  with  garniture  of  forget-me-nots;  flowera 
and  diamonds  In-  pointed  and  pull'ed  bodice. 

Mrs.  Hamilton  Fish,  delicate  gray  tulle,  made  iu 
English  Empire  style,  with  sash;  ornaments,  dia 
monds  and  flowers. 

Mrs.  William  G.  Hamilton,  Empire  robe,  deml-traln, 
mauve  and  white  brocade,  with  trimming  of  em- 
broidered  crepe  lisse  and  mauve  ribbon ;  bodice  pointed 
and  puffed,  square  neck,  filled  In  with  lace ;  ornaments, 
violets  and  diamonds. 

Mrs.  William  Jay,  blue  and  white  striped  silk,  with 
drapery  of  Cirepe  lisse  and  forget-me-nots  and  diamond 
stars ;  hair  worn  high,  ornamented  with  forget-me- 
nots  and  diamond  stai-s. 

Mrs.  Cooper  Hewitt,  dancing  dress  of  white  tulle,, 
garlanded  with  tiny  pink  moss  rosebuds  on  the  skirt 
and  on  the  low  bodice ;  diamond  necklace  and  pendant 
and  diamond  star  in  the  hair. 

Mrs.  J.  Coleman  Drayton,  heavy  white  satin  gown,, 
embroidered  in  silver  and  pearls,  low-cut  corsage,  so- 
arranged  that  the  handsome  sapphires  might  be 
fastened  to  it,  entire  front  of  corsage  of  sapphires  and 
pearls,  and  sapphires  worn  in  the  hair  and  at  the 
throat. 

Mrs.  Burke-Roche,  gown  of  several  skirts  of  white 
tulle  made  without  a  train ;  bodice,  low  English 
decollete,  of  white  satin,  completely  covered  with 
silver  spangles  ;  top  is  edged  with  white  violets,  and 
the  skirt  is  draped  with  them. 

Mrs.  Orme  Wilson,  mauve  tulle,  embroidered  in 
sliver ;  jewels,  diamonds. 

Mrs.  Paran  Stevens,  embroidered  brocade  and  lace 
gown ;  ornaments,  diamonds. 

Miss  Helen  Hamilton,  short  -white  tulle  Empire  gown 
with  garniture  of  pink  roses  and  flowing  ribbons. 

Mrs.  William  D.  Sloane,  blue  tulle,  richly  em 
broidered  in  silver;  diamonds. 

Mrs.  Ogden  Goelet,  mauve  tulle,  embroidered  In 
silver  with  jewels  for  ornaments. 

Miss  Annie  Webb,  gown  of  white  tulle,  cut  low,  at 
dancing  length,  with  cherry  colored  flowers  and  ribbons 
for  garniture. 

Miss  Carrie  Webb,  white  tulle  and  lace,  with  low 
bodice,  short  sleeves  and  pearl  ornaments. 

Mrs.  Edward  B.  Hilton,  white  brocade,  the  front 
flounced  in  point  lace,  with  garlands  of  orange  blossoms 
on  the  left  side ;  bodice  low  with  puffed  sleeves,  and 
a  Directoire  jacket  of  real  point  lace;  ornaments, 
a  diamond  crescent,  a  necklace  of  emeralds  and 
diamonds. 

Mrs.  Richard  M.  Walters,  dress  of  shell-pink  brocade, 
made  in  Louis  XV  fashion  ;  petticoat  of  rare  point  lace, 
brocade  hand  painted  in  flowers ;  diamond  ornaments. 
Mrs.  Charles  Godfrey,  full  train  of  heavy  white 
brocade  embroidered  In  silver  flowers  by  hand  and 
edged  with  a  marabout  of  white  ostrich  feathers,  front 
of  white  satin  and  silver  embroidery ;  low  corsage 
edged  with  a  marabout  feather  fan;  diamond  necklace 
and  pendant  and  a  diamond  tiara. 

Mrs.  F.  D.  Harmon,  dress  of  rose-pink  tulle,  made 
dancing  length  and  draped  with  pink  hydrangeas; 
waist  decollete,  edged  with  old  point  lace  and  adorned 
with  a  cluster  of  hydrangeas ;  diamond  and  sapphire 
jewels. 

Mrs.  George  Clark,  a  cloth  of  gold  dress,  made 
dancing  length  and  veiled  in  golden  tulle;  golden 
feather  fan  and  diamond  jewels. 

Mrs.  Fulton  Cutting,  dress  of  shrimp-pink  brocade 
and  silk,  with  a  full  train ;  old  point  and  duchesse 
lace ;  diamond  jewels. 

Mrs.  J.  R.  Smith-Hadden,  a  handsome  dress  of  black 
tulle,  embroidered  in  gold,  with  diamond  and  emerald 
jewels. 

Mrs.  Robert  Tyson,  a  black  tulle,  made  danclnp? 
length,  and  cut  low  and  embroidered  in  jet;  diamond 
necklace  and  stars. 

Miss  Madeline  Satterlee,  dancinig  dress  made  of 
many  skirts  of  plain  white  tulle,  garlanded  with  white 
violets  of  the  low  corsage  and  skirt;  bouquet  also 
of  white  violets. 

Mrs.  Samuel  Colgate,  white  satin  robe,  en  train, 
trimmed  with  garniture  of  pearls. 


TI1E  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


31 


Miss  Stella  Barney,  pink  silk  gown  with  overdress 
of  Japanese  crepe,  and  garniture  of  trailing  arbutus. 

Mrs.  M.  S.  Ayers,  gold  wrought  white  silk,  with 
trimmings  of  white  lace. 

Mrs.  H.  Victor  Newcomb,  black  and  white,  tulle ; 
diamonds.  Miss  Newcomb,  pink  tulle  with  garlands 
of  violets  and  pearl  ornaments. 

Miss  Leary,  rich  costume  of  white  silk,  en  train, 
trimmed  with  point  lace;  corsage  cut  square  and 
filled  in  with  lace  ;  diamond  ornaments. 

Miss  Arthur,  simple  gown  of  white  tulle  and  lace 
with  pink  roses. 

Miss  Allen,  garnet  plush  train  with  petticoat  of 
pink  faille  Francafse. 

Mrs.  Clarence  Delafleld, Russian  blue  velvet,  en  train, 
over  a  petticoat  of  blue  satin,  embroidered  in  silver 
sun-flowers  ;  corsage  and  hand  bouquet  of  American 
beauty  roses ;  diamonds. 

Mrs.  C.  M.  Callahan,  court  train  of  pearl-gray 
brocade  with  satin  front  wrought  in  cut  steel;  la 
France  roses  and  diamonds. 

Miss  Kirkland,  white  embroidered  tulle  over  corn- 
colored  silk ;  bodice  garnitnred  with  poppies  and  wheat ; 
ornaments  diamonds. 

Mrs.  Ella  Moody,  Dlrectoire  coat  of  heliotrope  vel 
vet  over  an  accordion  pleated  skirt  of  white  tulle ; 
lilacs  and  hyacinths ;  pearl  ornaments. 

Mrs.  Warren  Higley,  Empire  gown  of  white  China 
silk,  embroidered  in  wLite  and  gold  roses,  and  hand 
some  diamond  necklace  and  pendant. 

Mrs.  Elliott  Cones,  of  Washington,  gown  of  antique 
brocade,  la  vender- colored  silk,  covered  with  roses 
and  green  leaves ;  turquoise  and  pearls. 

Mrs.  M.  Louise  Thomas,  ex-president  of  Sorosis, 
wine-colored  velvet  in  train,  point  lace,  and  an  old- 
fashioned  locket  containing  the  portrait  of  some 
Colonial  ancestor. 

Mrs.  Gordon,  of  Georgia,  black  velvet,  princess  front 
and  court  train,  point  lace  and  handsome  diamonds. 

Miss  Gordon,  white  tulle  over  satin.  Em-Dire  skirt 
and  corsage ;  garniture  of  sweet  peas  and  green  grasses. 

Miss  Isabel  Smith,  Nile-green  tulle  over  satin,  looped 
with  bunches  of  clover  leaves  and  blossoms ;  orna 
ments  emeralds  and  diamonds. 

Mrs.  J.  M.  Robertson,  pale  rose  faille  Francaise.  com 
bined  with  olive  velvet,  low-cut  corsago,  trimmed  with 
rose  marabout  feathers ;  roses  and  handsome  diamond 
ornaments. 

Mrs.  Mary  E.  Bryan,  white  lace  over  black  moire, 
low  corsage,  trimmed  with  scarlet  pomegranate  blooms  : 
ornaments  pearls  and  rubies. 

Mrs.  William  S.  Livingston,  turquoise-blue  brocade, 
with  old  rose  satin,  trimmed  with  old  point  lace,  made 
Directoire  train ;  jewels,  diamonds  and  pearls. 


THE  LOAN  EXHIBITION. 


A  CENTENNIAL,  MUSEUM. 


AMERICAN  ANTIQUES— RELICS  OF  COLONIAL  AND 
REVOLUTIONARY     DAYS    —    PORTRAITS 
AND    HEIRLOOMS— OLD    NEWS 
PAPERS  AND  PRINTS. 

The  Art  and  Exhibition  Committee,  with  Henry 
Gr.  Marquand  at  its  head,  made  one  of  the  salient 
features  of  the  celebration  out  of  an  exhibition 
which  at  first  promised  very  meagre  results. 
Their  object  was  to  collect  as  many  portraits  and 
relics  of  Colonial  and  Revolutionary  times  as 
could  be  procured,  to  arrange  them  in  a  public 
museum,  and  to  furnish  in  this  way  an  authorita 
tive  list  of  these  historic  mementoes.  At  first 
many  who  owned  these  relics  were  extremely  re 
luctant  to  lend  them  for  purposes  of  exhibition, 
and  some  of  the  most  valuable  examples  arrived 
after  the  exhibition  had  been  opened.  In  the 
end,  however,  the  collection  proved  to  be  one  of 
remarkable  interest  and  importance  in  each  of 
its  departments. 

In  the  gallery  of  portraits  were  hung  the  like 
nesses  made  from  life  of  nearly  all  the  chief 
actors  in  the  drama  of  American  independence. 
The  series  of  Washington  was  almost  complete, 
showing  the  appearance  of  the  first  President  at. 
various  periods  of  his  life,  and  under  the  varying 
aspects  in  which  the  artists  of  the  time  viewed  him. 

While  the  series  of  portraits  of  public  men  were 


of  commanding  interest,  perhaps  oue  of  the  most 
pleasurable  features  of  the  gallery  was  the  largo 
number  oi  likenesses  of  bright  nnd  beautiful 
women  who  lent  poetry  and  romance  to  the 
sternest  realities  of  years  of  trial.  Besides  the 
strong- faced  soldiers  and  statesmen  were  seen 
the  delicate  features  of  some  of  the  belles  of  the 
Revolutionary  epoch,  women  scarcely  less  distm. 
guished  than  their  fathers,  brothers  and  husbands. 

Among  the  relics  were  many  objects  which  were 
used  by  Washington  in  peace  and  in  war.  His 
writing  desk,  pen  and  ink  bottle,  a  suit  of  his 
clothes,  shoe  and  knee  buckles,  sword,  pistols, 
camp  kit,  the  candlestick  which  he  used  at  Mt. 
Vernon,  and  a  flute.  Indeed,  the  list  comprised 
nearly  all  the  known  relics  of  Washington,  which 
were  lent  by  descendants  of  his  family  and  by 
the  various  museums  and  art  collections  to  which 
they  belong.  In  general,  the  collection  of  relics 
furnished  a  complete  picture  of  colonial  times, 
embracing  as  it  did  many  specimens  of  the  house 
hold  furniture  and  implements,  the  dress  and 
ornaments  worn  by  men  and  women,  the  arms 
used  in  war, -and  something  to  represent  nearly 
every  phase  of  the  life  of  the  people. 

A  department  of  great  value  and  interest  was 
that  supplied  by  the  Fellowcrat't  Club,  being  a 
collection  of  early  colonial  and  American  news 
papers.  In  these  are  found  recorded  in  quaint  style 
the  leading  incidents  of  the  National  history. 
A  few  are  dated  back  more  than  100  years.  In  a 
copy  of  Claypoole's  American  Daily  Advertiser, 
printed  at  Philadelphia,  July  14,  1798,  Avas  seen 
a  verbatim  report  of  Washington's  Farewell  Ad- 
dress.  The  copy  exhibited  was  Washington's  own, 
and  on  the  margin  was  an  addition  written  in 
his  hand.  Among  the  newspaper  curiosities  of 
extreme  interest  were :  a  copy  of  the  first  number 
of  "  Carey's  Pennsylvania  Evening  'Herald,"  the 
first  evening  newspaper  printed  in  the  United 
States,  this  number  having  appeared  in  Phila 
delphia  January  25,  1785;  the  "Federal  Orrery," 
Philadelphia,  edited  by  Thomas  Paine  (Vol.  ill, 
No.  39).  March  3,  1796;  "The  Independence 
Chronicle  and  Universal  Advertiser,"  Boston, 
December  23,  1799,  with  the  announcement  of 
Washington's  death;  several  numbers  of  the 
"  Boston  Gazette,"  afterward  named  the  "  Inde 
pendent  Chronicle,"  containing  accounts  of  Wash 
ington's  funeral,  a  letter  of  Martha  Washington 
to  President  Adams,  an  announcement  of  the 
death  of  Samuel  Adams,  and  other  first  drafts 
of  history ;  the  "  Western  Star,"  printed  at  Stock- 
bridge.  Mass..  October  22.  1 793.  with  an  announce 
ment  of  the  death  of  John  Hancock,  January 
14,  1800,  statements  concerning  Washington's 
illness,  by  James  Craik,  attending  physician,  and 
Elisha  C.  Dick,  consulting  physician  ;  January  28,' 
the  oration  on  the  death  of  Washington  delivered 
at  the  request  of  Congress  by  Major-General  Henry 
Lee ;  the  "  Gazette  of  the  United  States,"  April  24, 
1790,  with  an  announcement  of  the  death  of 
Benjamin  Franklin?  and  the  resolution  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  that  the  members  should 
wear  mourning  for  one  month;  June  12,  with  an 
account  of  the  funeral  of  General  Israel  Putnam ; 
the  same  paper,  April  15,  1789,  with  an  account 
of  the  election  of  Washington  and  Adams,  and 
the  rules  adopted  by  House  for  the  transaction 
of  business ;  the  the  "  Pennsylvania  Packet  and 
Daily  Advertiser,"  September  19,  1787,  with  the 
first  copy  of  the  Constitution  given  to  the  American 
public.  In  the  long  list  there  was  scarcely  a 
newspaper  that  did  not  have  some  record  of  value. 

The  exhibit  of  autographs,  original  letters  and 
books  containing  the  names  of  their  celebrated 
owners  was  another  intensely  interesting  section 
of  the  collection,  while  the  beautiful  miniatures 
and  rich  services  of  silverplate  that  belonged  to 
some  of  the  best-known  Revolutionary  families 
astonished  even  those  most  familiar  with  the 
luxury  of  the  present  time.  The  exhibition  was 
opened  to  the  public  in  the  Assembly  Rooms  of 
the  Metropolitan  Opera  House  April  18,  and  was 
closed  on  May  8. 


32 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


TUESDAY,  APRIL  30. 


WASHINGTON'S  STEPS  EETEA  CE2) 


PRESIDENT  HARRISON  FOLLOWS  THE  FIRST 
PRESIDENT. 


BEGINNING  THE  DAY  WITH  PRAYER. 


THE   RELIGIOUS   SERVICES    AT   ST.    PAUL'S   FOL 
LOWED    BY    LITERARY    EXERCISES    ON    THE 
SUB-TREASURY  STEPS— A  GREAT  MILITARY 
PARADE  IN  HONOR  OF  THE  CENTENNIAL 
OF    THE    NATION'S    FORMATION    RE 
VIEWED  BY  THE  PRESIDENT— ELO 
QUENCE  AT  THE  BANQUET  IN 
THE  METROPOLITAN  OPERA 
HOUSE— FIREWORKS  IN 
THE      PARKS. 

Sunrise.— Artillery  salutes. 

9  a.  m.— Special  religious  service  at  St.  Paul's 
Chapel,  attended  by  President  Harrison  and 
invited  guests.  Services  in  all  the  other 
churches. 

9:45.— Literary  exercises  on  Sub-Treasury  steps, 
Wall  and  Nassau  sts.,  preceded  by  a  concert 
by  Gilmore's  band  lasting  an  hour. 

10.— Military  parade  begins,  head  of  column  starts 
ing  from  Wall-st.  and  Broadway. 

Noon.— President  Harrison  reaches  reviewing  stand 
at  Madison  Square. 

6  :30  p.  m.— Banquet  at  Metropolitan  Opera  House. 

8.— Free  open-air  concert  at  Madison  Square  by 
German  singing  societies. 

During  the  evening.— Fireworks  at  the  following 
places:  Battery  Park;  Union  Square;  Canal 
Street  Park;  Washington  Square;  Tompldns 
Square;  East  River  Park,  Eighty-third-st.  and 
East  River ;  Mount  Morris  Park ;  Plaza,  Fifty- 
ninth-st.  and  Eighth-ave. ;  One-hundred-and- 
forty-seventh-st.  and  One-hundred-and-forty- 
eighth-st.  and  St.  Nicholas-ave. 


(Reprinted  from  The  Tribune,  May  1.) 

O  City  sitting  by  the  Seal 
How  proud  the  day  that  dawned  on  thee, 
When  the  new  era,  long  desired,  began. 
And,  in  its  need,  the  hour  had  found  the  man ! 

Equally  proud  the  day  that  rounded  out  the 
first  century  begun  by  the  day  thus  sung  by  the 
country's  laureate?  Who  that  saw  yesterday's 
celebration  will  think  it  unworthy  of  the  occasion  ? 
Who  that  will  read  about  it,  not  having  seen  it, 
will  be  able,  even  feebly,  to  imagine  its  glories? 
The  Tribune's  descriptive  writers  will  do  much, 
but  whether  the  record  will  recall  the  festival 
with  becoming  vividness  and  inspire  a  tithe  of  the 
enthusiasm  which  kept  the  great  heart  of  New- 
York  palpitating  with  patriotic  feeling  from  sun 
rise  till  long  after  sunset,  and  astonished  the 
millions  of  lookers-on,  remains  to  be  seen.  Word- 
pictures  cannot  do  everything;  they  can  but  weak 
ly  and  incompletely  image  such  elemental  emo 
tions  as  were  quickened  by  yesterday's  occurrences 


t.o  an  intensity  never  felt  before.  Figures  and 
icttospection  may,  perhaps,  stir  the  fancy  and 
help  to  vitalize  the  record. 

One  hundred   years   after   George  Washington 
took  the  oath  of  office  as  President  on  the  porch 
of  old  Federal  Hall,  Benjamin  Harrison,  a  great- 
grandson  of  one  of  the  illustrious  men  who  had 
helped  him  to  fashion  this  great  free  Government, 
stood  on  the  same  spot,  on  the  same  stone,  and 
rested  his   hand   on   the  Bible  whose  cover  the 
first  President's  lips  had  touched  with  a  rever 
ential  kiss,  while  the  blessings  of  Heaven  were 
invoked  on  the  Nation  by  a  divine  whose  patriot 
ism,  learning  and  piety  have  made  him  known 
throughout  the  land.     Wliile  listening  to  the  elo 
quence  of  one  of  America's  foremost  orators  he 
pat   in    the   chair   which   Washington    had   used 
at  his  Inauguration,   just  as  an  hour  before  he 
had  sat  in  the  pew  of  St.  Paul's  Chapel  where 
Washington  sat  and  taken  part  in  a  service  of 
prayer  and  thanksgiving,  conducted  by  the  sue- 
cessor  of  that  Bishop  of  New-York  whose  privi 
lege  it  was  to  ask  Divine  guidance  for  the  man 
who  had  obtained  liberty  for  his  countrymen  by 
the  sword,  and  was  now  called  upon  to  direct  its 
destinies  by  the  exercise  of  his  wisdom,  patriotism 
and  forbearance.     When  Washington  sat  at  the 
memorable  services  in  St.  Paul's,  he  was  attended 
by  the  Vice-President,   the   Speaker   of  the  two 
Houses  of  Congress,  "and  all  who  attended  the 
Inauguration  ceremony."        His  successor  yester 
day        was        accompanied        by        two        ex- 
Presidents       of       the       United       States,       the 
Vice-President,   the  Governors  of  several  States, 
the  members  of  his  Cabinet,  several   ex-Cabinet 
Ministers,  many  high   officers  of  the  Army  and 
Navy,  and  a  host  of  dignitaries  of  lower  orders. 
As  part  of  the  inauguration  ceremonies  the  first 
President  witnessed  a  parade  of  the  military;  the 
marshal  and  his  aides;  a  troop  of  horse  and  one 
of  artillery:  two  companies  of  grenadiers;  a  com. 
pany  of  light  infantry  •*  and  the  battalion  men"  ; 
a  company  in  the  uniform  of  Scotch  Highlanders 
who  kept  step  to  the  music  of  the  bagpipes;  in 
all  a  gallant  army  of  500  men,  whose  "  appearance 
was  quite  pretty,"  and  who  "  made  a  good  figure" 
as  they  lined  the  street  after  having  escorted  the 
President  to  church. 

Yesterday   President    Harrison    also    viewed    a 
military  parade  arranged  to  do  glory  to  his  high 
office  and  commemorate  the  first  centenary  of  its 
establishment.     In  it  were  the  Governors  of  the 
thirteen  original  States  and  nine  others  as  com 
manding  officers  of  the  National  Guard  of  twenty- 
two  commonwealths,  the  State  troops  numbering 
50,000   at  a   low  estimate.     In   other  words,    in 
j  this  magnificent  celebration  of  the  fruits  of  peace 
j  a  larger  army,  twice  over,  was  concerned  than 
the  Continental  Congress  called  to  place  under  the 
command  of  General  Washington  in  1775.     The 
I  military  procession  which  General  and  President 
j  Harrison  reviewed  was  one  hundred  times  as  large 
i  as   that   which   escorted   General   and   President 
I  Washington  to  Federal  Hall  and  afterward  to  St. 
j  Paul's  Chapel. 

Do    not   such    figures    and    reflections    open    a 
i  proud        and        interesting        vista        of        Na- 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


33 


tional  growth  and  place  high  the  stand 
ard  of  American  patriotism?  But  the  end  is  not 
yet.  One  hundred  years  ago  all  the  citizens  of 
New-York  might  easily  have  been  accommodated  on 
two  or  three  of  the  stands  erected  by  the  Centen 
nial  Committee  for  the  accommodation  of  those 
who  jvished  to  see  yesterday's  parade.  Nor  need 
we  stop  at  New- York  City  to  find  bases  of  com 
parison.  When  Washington  took  the  oath  of  office 
100  years  ago  yesterday  he  became  the  Executive 
head  of  a  Nation  of  people  scarcely  more  numerous 
than  the  host  that  was  in  distinct  touch  with 
yesterday's  festivity.  Had  New-Hampshire,  Massa 
chusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New- York, 
New-Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland, 
Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia  a  century  ago  marshalled  their  entire 
population  on  some  vase  plain  the  number  would 
not  have  been  much  greater  than  the  multilude  that 
came  directly  under  the  influence  of  yesterday's 
celebration,  that  took  part  in  the  parade  or  wit 
nessed  it,  or  at  least  came  for  a  time  within  the 
currents  that  swirled  and  rushed  and  eddied  along 
the  great  avenue  through  which  the  thousands  of 
gallant  and  bravely  dressed  soldiers  marched.  Had 
such  a  line  of  march  been  laid  out  for  the  500 
who  made  an  appearance  that  was  "  quite  pretty" 
when  Washington  was  inaugurated,  it  would  have 
required  more  inspiriting  music  than  that  of  the 
Scotchman's  chanter  pipes  and  drone  to  make  the 
walk  full  four  miles  beyond  the  city  limits  some 
thing  else  than  a  weariness  to  the  flesh.  Ah  I  yes  ; 
such  a  celebration  has  its  uses  besides 
the  delight  of  the  eye,  which  loves 
the  glitter  of  gay  uniforms  and  the  rhythmical 
movement  of  an  army  in  motion.  It  ha's  mar 
vellous  puissance  as  a  promoter  of  patriotism 
and  as  an  object  lesson  in  history. 

The  elements  gave  their  benediction  to  the 
festival,  and  the  skies  smiled  all  day.  Better 
weather  could  not  be  imagined;  not  cold  enough 
to  bring  discomfort  to  the  sightseers  who  sat 
without  motion  for  hours,  nor  warm  enough 
to  incommode  the  marchers.  The  rains  of  last 
week  had  washed  the  pavements  free  from  dirt, 
and  there  was  no  possibility  of  dust.  The  city 
gave  itself  up  to  enjoyment  of  the  pageant,  and 
exemplified  as  never  before  the  genial  influence 
of  a  universal  pride  and  happiness.  Hundreds 
of  thousands  wore  badges  of  the  National  tri 
color,  and  though  the  procession  lasted  for  hours, 
the  faces  of  the  spectators  seemed  at  the  close 
as  radiant  as  the  pretty  ornaments  which  they 
had  pinned  on  their  breasts  or  at  their  throats 
in  the  morning.  Others  may  attempt  to  describe 
the  crowds  that  lined  the  streets  and  avenues 
which  were  the  channel  of  the  pageant. 

After  all  has  been  written  the  imagination 
would  best  be  depended  on  to  delineate  the  real 
picture.  Populate  Broadway  and  Fifth-ave. 
as  densely  as  you  please,  leaving 
scarcely  room'  enough  far  the  moving 
column,  stop  at  no  obstacles,  mount  plat 
forms  of  observation  for  every  conceivable  place 
that  offered  an  advantage,  fill  the  cross-streets 
with  platforms  erected  on  trucks  and  vehicles 
of  all  kinds;  give  to  each  of  the  myriad  of 


windows  its  own  group  of  eager  sightseers,  perch 
them  on  cornices,  on  roofs,  on  spires  and  domes, 
£urn  City  Hall  and  Union  and  Madison 
Squares  into  great  seas  of  humanity  with  influent 
and  eflluent  currents  that  (low  like  a  river  till 
movement  is  stayed  because  there  is  no  further 
room  for  it,  dot  this  dark  mass  with  innumerable 
spots  of  red,  white  and  blue,  project  it  up  and 
down  the  great  thoroughfare  for  five  miles,  en 
dow  it  with  the  capacity  of  breaking  out  at  in- 
teryals  with  an  irruption  of  fluttering  white, 
which  moves  along  synchronously  with  some 
courtly  horseman  or  high  dignitary  whom  the  peo 
ple  love  to  honor-exercise  your  fancy  in  paint- 
mg  such  a  picture,  beautified,  varied  and  height 
ened  by  a  thousand  and  one  details  which  baffle 
the  recorder,  raise  it  to  the  highest  power  of  a 
final  and  supreme  effort,  and  you  will  have  a  faint 
and  incomplete  idea  of  what  yesterday's  spectacle 
was  like. 

At  night  the  Centennial  Banquet  took  place 
the  metamorphosed  Opera  House 
Many  men  ate  and  drank  to  the 
memory  of  the  past,  the  glory  of  the  present,  and 
the  promise  of  the  future,  while  orators  poured 
out  their  eloquence  like  sparkling  wine,  and 
beautiful  women  looked  and  listened  and  longed 
m  the  galleries.  Meanwhile,  in  Madison  Square, 
thousands  of  tuneful  Germans,  who  brought 
to  this  country  a  fervent  devotion  for 
liberty  and  also  an  ardent  love  for  the  arts  and 
customs  that  embellished  their  social  life  in  their 
native  land,  raised  their  voices  in  joyous  song. 
And  the  second  day  of  the  festival  was  ended. 


WORSHIPPING  AT  ST.  PA  UL'S. 

MR.    HARRISON    AND   MR.    MORTON   SIT   IN 
WASHINGTON'S  PEW. 


A.  SPECIAL   SERVICE   OF   PRATER   AND   THANKS 
GIVING     PREPARED    BY    BISHOP     POTTEE- 
PEOMINENT  MEN  LISTEN  TO  HIS  ABLE 
ADDRESS  ON  WASHINGTON  AND  THE 
DUTY    OF   THE    HOUR. 

Impressive  and  inspiring  were  the  services  of 
thanksgiving  held  in  St.  Paul's  Chapel  Tuesday 
morning  at  9  o'clock.  President  Harrison  and 
Vice-President  Morton  sat  in  the  Washington  pew 
on  the  north  side  of  the  historic  building,  while 
Governor  Hill  and  his  staff  occupied  the  pew 
which  Governor  Clinton  formerly  occupied.  Ex- 
President  Hayes  and  ex-President  Cleveland  sat 
in  a  front  pew,  while  Governors,  Senators,  Cabi 
net  officers,  judges,  generals,  clergymen  and  scores 
of  other  men  prominent  in  the  affairs  of  the  city, 
State  and  Nation,  and  women  known  in  social 
and  literary  life,  took  part  in  the  special  service 
prepared  by  Bishop  Potter,  and  listened  to  the 
scholarly  address  delivered  by  him. 

For  more  than  a  week  the  church  building 
had  been  thrown  open  to  tLe  public,  and  thousands 
had  passed  through  its  broad  aisles,  lingering 
long  beside  the  pew  in  which  the  first  President 
worshipped  when  in  this  city.  '  The  pew  itself 
has  given  way  to  one  of  more  simple  propor 
tion  ?,  but  the  old  lines  were  followed  in  building 
the  new  pew.  As  President  Harrison  rested  his 
head  on  the  back  of  the  pew  in  front  of  him,  dur 
ing  a  part  of  the  service,  his  parting  words  to 
his  friends  at  Indianapolis  were  recalled  by  many 
present.  "  There  is  a  great  sense  of  loneliness," 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


he  said,  "  in  the  discharge  of  high  public  duties. 
The  moment  of  decision  is  one  of  isolation.  But 
there  is  One  Whose  help  comes  even  into  the 
quiet  chamber  of  judgment,  and  to  Whose  wise 
and  unfailing  guidance  I  will  look  for  direction 
and  guidance." 

The  church  was  beautifully  decorated 
with  flags  and  flowers.  Simplicity  and 
richness  characterized  every  feature  from  the 
smilax  intertwined  about  tie  chandeliers,  with 
the  large  rose  suspended  from  the  centre,  to 
the  valuable  flags  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati, 
under  which  the  President  and  his  party  passed 
twice.  Palms,  azaleas,  hydrangeas,  tropical  plants 
and  flowering  shrubs  were  placed  about  the 
pulpit  and  in  the  windows.  The  emblems  over 
the  pews  in  which  President  Harrison  and  Gov 
ernor  Hill  sat  were  appropriately  decorated. 
Flags  and  shields  were  also  freely  used  in  adding 
to  the  beautiful  appearance  of  the  room. 

Leo  Kofler,  the  choirmaster  and  organist  of 
St.  Paul's,  had  charge  of  the  musical  programme 
which  was  as  follows: 


Processional,    Hymn   409  ....................  A-"9l™fon 

Psalter:  Psalm  85  ............................  G.   A.   Macfavren 

Psalm  122  ............................  E-  F-  KJmbault 

Te  Deum  Laudamus  in  E  flat  for  double  chorus, 

Benedlclte  (portion  of)  ..........................  Henry  Rogers 

Recessional  ..................  "God   Bless  Our   Native   Land" 

Those  who  formed  the  double  quartet  were: 
Miss  Bella  L.  Watson;  first  soprano;  Miss  Clara 
B.  Leek,  second  soprano;  Miss  Edith  Tuttle, 
first  alto  ;  Miss  Florence  N.  Bachman,  second  alto  ; 
George  O'Reilly,  first  tenor;  Eobert  Schreyvogel, 
second  tenor;  John  F.  Lutgens,  first  bass;  Will 
iam  H.  Harrison  Kase,  second  bass.  In  the  chorus 
were:  Sopranos—  Louise  Pickenbach,  Sophie 
Goegglemann,  M.  Demorest,  Clara  Ethel  Merring- 
ton,  Helen  A.  Gown,  Mary  K.  Hines,  and  Gertrude 
Kimball.  Altos—  Susan  Pfeiffer,  Anna  Norwood 
Cowen,  Mamie  W.  Plumb,  Margaret  A.  McGown 
and  May  Smith.  Tenors—  Fred.  H.  Cullom, 
Ernest  Stephenson,  Edmund  J.  Koch,  E.  McGown 
and  G.  R,  Herri  ck.  Bassos—  Thomas  Smith,  D. 
Ransom.  George  Rogers  and  W.  S.  Cerren. 

SOME   OF  THOSE   PRESENT. 

The  Vestry  of  Trinity  Church  met  the  President 
and  Vice-President  at  the  Vesey-st.  gate  of  St. 
Paul's  church-yard  shortly  before  3  o'clock,  and 
escorted  them  to  the  west  porch  of  the  chapel, 
where  they  were  met  by  the  rector  of  Trinity 
Parish,  the  rector  of  St.  Paul's  and  the  Bishops 
and  Archdeacons  who  were  to  take  part  in  the 
service.  These  are  the  members  of  the  Vestry  : 
Wardens—  Stephen  P.  Nash  and  Allan  Campbell. 
Vestrymen—  Henry  Drisler,  Charles  H.  Contoit, 
John  H.  Caswell,  Richard  T.  Auchmuty,  Thomas 
Eglcston,  Walter  H.  Lewis,  Thomas  L.  Ogden, 
Bowie  Dash;  Stephen  V.  R.  Cruger,  William  Jay, 
Nathaniel  P.  Bailey,  Edmund  D.  Randolph,  Her 
mann  H.  Cammann,  George  A.  Robbins,  Alexander 
Hamilton,  George  M.  Coit,  Elihu  Chauncey,  Rich 
ard  Delafield,  William  W.  Astor,  Frederick  Clark- 
son. 

The  President  was  escorted  down  the  middle 
aisle  to  his  pew  by  Mr.  Nash,  the  senior  warden, 
followed  by  Mr.  Morton  on  the  arm  of  Mr. 


Campbell,  the  junior  warden.  The  vestrymen  fol 
lowed  and  took  their  seats  in  the  pews  reserved 
for  them  adjoining  the  President's  pew.  The 
members  of  the  Cabinet  were  also  seated  near 
the  President.  Ex-President  Hayes  and  ex- 
President  Cleveland  sat  side  by  side  in  a  front 
pew,  ex-Secretary  Bayard  sitting  beside  Mir. 
Hayes  and  Senator  Evarts  near  Mr.  Cleveland. 
Lieutenant-Governor  Jones  sat  next  to  the  Demo 
cratic  ex-President.  Others  present  included: 

General  Sherman,  Senator  Sherman,  Senator  Ingalls, 
Chauncey  M.  Depew,  General  Alexander  S.  Webb,  presi 
dent  of  the  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  the  Governor* 
of  several  States,  Major-General  O.  O.  Howard,  William  E. 
Dodge,  Cyrus  W.  Field,  Judge  Blatchford,  M.  Romero,  the 
Mexican  Minister ;  John  B.  Ireland,  Robert  C.  WInthrop,  ol 
Massachusetts;  J.  M.  Montgomery,  General  J.  W. 
Ilusted,  ex-Mayor  Wiekham  ana  his  uncle,  the  Rev.  J.  B. 
Wickham.  of  Manchester,  Vt.  who  was  born  two  years 
before  Washington  died ;  ex-Congressman  S.  V.  White, 
President  E.  D.  Randolph,  of  the  Continental  National 
Bank;  President  W.  L.  Bull,  of  the  New-York  Stock  Ex 
change;  Mayor  Grant,  Hamilton  Fish,  jr.,  Abridge 
T.  Gerry,  Clarence  W.  Bowen,  John  A.  King,  John  Austin 
Stevens,  John  Emmons,  General  Gi-eely,  of  the  Weather 
Bureau;  James  F.  Sparkman,  Father  Lavelle,  of  the 
Cathedral;  Father  Osbome,  of  Boston;  Hamilton  Fish, 
Piesldent  Potter,  of  Hobart  College;  Colonel  Ehlers  and 
John  D.  Jones. 

Mrs.  Harrison,  Mrs.  Morton;  Mrs.  Russell  B. 
Harrison,  Mrs.  McKee,  Mrs.  Windom,  Mrs.  Rusk, 
Miss  Rusk,  and  Miss  Murphy,  of  St.  Paul,  were 
under  the  escort  of  Colonel  John  M.  Wilson,  Super 
intendent  of  Public  Buildings  at  Washington,  and 
sat  near  the  Committee  on  Literary  Exercises. 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  AISLE  COMMITTEE. 

The  Aisle  Committee  had  been  appointed  by  the 
Centennial  Committee,  in  accordance  with  a  desire 
to  give  prominence  to  the  members  of  historical 
families.  The  members  were : 

David  Augustus  Clarkson,  chairman,  a  descendant  of 
Chancellor  Livingston,  warden  In  1785,  and  of  David  Clark- 
son,  warden  In  1770.  Howland  Pell,  secretary,  a  descend 
ant  of  John  Pell,  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Pelham,  16G9. 
Hallett  Alsop  Borrowe,  representing  the  Hallett  and  Alsop 
families.  Temple  Bowdoin,  a  descendant  of  General  Alex 
ander  Hamilton.  Amory  Sibley  Carhart,  a  great-great- 
grandson  of  Major  Cornelius  Carhart,  and  of  Colonel  Joseph 
Beavers,  of  tho  Revolutionary  Army.  Banyer  Clarkson, 
a  descendant  of  Chief  Justice  Jay,  warden  in  1789,  and  of 
General  Matthew  Clarkson,  vestryman  In  1789.  John 
Langdon  Ervmg,  groat  great- grandson  of  John  Langdon, 
first  president  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate.  Dr.  John  Clark- 
son  Jay,  jr.,  great-grandson  of  Chief  Justice  John  Jay, 
Edward  A.  Leroy-  jr.,  a  descendant  of  Jacob  Leroy,  ves 
tryman.  Philip  L.  Livingston,  a  great-great-grandson  of 
Philip  Livingston,  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence.  Edwavd  de  Peyster  Livingston,  a  descendant  of 
Chancellor  Robert  R.  Livingston.  William  Lord  McVlck- 
ar,  a  descendant  of  Dr.  Samuel  Bard,  president  of  the  Col 
lege  of  Physician*  and  Surgeons  in  New-York,  and  vestry 
man  In  1788.  Richard  Malcolm  Montgomery,  a  descendant 
of  General  William  Malcolm,  colonel  commanding  2d  New- 
York  Infantry,  1770  and  1778 ;  brigadier-general  command 
ing  militia,  New-York  and  Richmond  counties,  at  the  in 
auguration  of  Washington.  Newbold  Morris,  great-great- 
grandson  of  Lewis  Morris,  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  Ludlow  Ogden,  representing  the  Ludlow 
and  Ogden  families.  T.  J.  Oakley  Rhinelander,  great- 
grandson  of  Henry  Cruger.  Winthrop  Rutherford,  a  de 
scendant  of  Colonel  John  Rutherford,  of  the  Revolution, 
and  vestryman  In  1787.  William  H.  Russell,  a  descendant 
of  the  Alexander  and  Rutherford  families.  Samuel 
Auchmuty  Tucker,  a  descendant  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Samuel 
Auchmuty,  rector  from  1764  to  1777.  Augustus  Van 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENAKY. 


35 


Cortlaiidt,  Jr.,  great-great-grandson  of  Augustus  Van  Cort- 
landt,  vestryman  in  1784.  Charles  Van  Rensselaer,  rep- 
rewnting  the  Van  Rensselaer  family.  Robert  T.  Var- 
num,  representing  General  James  M.  Varnum.  John 
Tillotson  Wainwrlght,  great-great-grandson  of  Chancellor 
Livingston,  and  J.  Louis  Webb,  grandson  of  General 
Samuel  B.  Webb. 

DR.  MORGAN  DIX  .BEGINS  THE  SERVICE. 

As  the  strains  of  u  Old  Hundred"  pealed  forth 
from  the  organ,  these  clergymen,  attired  in  their 
robes  of  office,  took  their  places  in  the  chancel: 
Bishop  Potter,  Bishop  Liittlejohn,  of  Long  Island ; 
Bishop  Perry,  of  Iowa;  Bishop  D.  Quintard,  of 
Tennessee ;  Archdeacons  Alexander  Mackay-Smith, 
W.  P.  Thomas,  F.  B.  Van  Kleeck,  H.  Q.  Ziegenfuss 
and  Johnson ;  the  Rev.  Dr.  Morgan  Dix,  rector  of 
Trinity  Parish,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Mulchahey,  rec 
tor  of  St.  Paul's. 

Dr.  Dix  began  the  service  by  reading  several 
verses  of  Scripture.  Following  the  Lord's  Prayer 
came  a  prayer  of  thanksgiving. 

O  God,  whose  name  is  excellent  in  all  the  earth,  and 
whose  glory  is  above  the  heavens:  We  bless  Thee  for  the 
great  things  Thou  hast  done  and  art  doing  for  the  chil 
dren  of  men.  We  consider  the  days  of  old,  the  yeara 
of  ancient  times,  and  unto  Thee  do  we  give  thanks. 
Moreover,  we  yield  Thee  most  high  praise  for  the  wonder 
ful  grace  and  virtue  declared  in  all  those  Thy  children 
who  have  been  the  lights  of  the  world  in  their  several 
generations.  For  raising  up  Thy  servant  George  Wash 
ington,  and  giving  him  to  be  a  leader  and  commander 
to  the  people ,  for  vouchsafing  to  him  the  victory  over 
king*,  and  for  bestowing  upon  him  many  excellent 
glfU;  for  Inclining  the  hearts  of  men  in  Congress  as- 
•embled  to  wise  choices,  and  for  granting  them  vision 
of  the  days  to  come;  for  a  settled  constitution,  and  for 
•qua!  laws;  for  freedom  to  do  the  thing  that  is  right, 
and  liberty  to  say  the  truth;  for  the  spread  of  knowledge 
everywhere  among  us,  and  for  the  preservation  of  the 
faith ;  we  bless  and  magnify  Thy  holy  Name,  humbly 
beseeching  Thee  to  accept  this  our  sacrifice  of  thanks 
and  praise,  through  Jesus  Christ,  our  only  Saviour  and 
Redeemer. 

PRAYING  FOR  THE  NEW  PRESIDENT. 

Bishop  Littlejohn  read  a  part  of  the  XLIVth 
chapter  of  the  Book  of  Ecclesiasticus ;  the  second 
lesson  was  read  by  Bishop  Quintard  from  the 
VHJth  chapter  of  the  Gospel  according  to  St. 
Jqhn.  Dr.  Mulchahey  offered  the  closing  prayers, 
that  for  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  all 
in  civil  authority  reading  as  follows: 

Almighty  God,  the  fountain  of  all  goodness,  we  humbly 
beseech  Thee  to  bless  Thy  servant,  Benjamin  Harrison, 
President  of  the  United  States,  his  counsellors,  and  all 
others  in  authority.  Endue  them  with  Thy  Holy  Spirit; 
enrich  them  with  Thy  Heavenly  grace ;  prosper  them  with 
all  happiness;  and  bring  them  to  Thine  everlasting  king 
dom;  through  Jesus  Christ  our  Lord. 

For  the  country  this  prayer  was  offered : 

Almighty  God  who  in  the  former  time  didst  lead  our 
fathers  forth  into  a  wealthy  place :  Give  Thy  grace,  we 
humbly  beseech  Thee,  to  us  their  children,  that  we  may 
always  approve  ourselves  a  people  mindful  of  Thy  favor 
and  glad  to  do  Thy  will.  Bless  our  land  with  honorable 
industry,  sound  learning  and  pure  manners.  Defend  our 
liberties,  preserve  our  unity.  Save  us  from  violence,  dis- 
eord  and  confusion,  from  pride  and  arrogance,  and  from 
•very  evil  way.  Fashion  into  one  happy  people  the 
multitudes  brought  hither  out  of  many  kindreds  and 
tongues.  Endue  with  the  spirit  of  wisdom  those  whom  we 
Intrust  in  Thy  name  with  the  authority  of  governance,  to 
the  end  that  there  be  peace  at  home  and  that  we  keep  a 
place  among  the  nations  of  the  earth.  In  the  time  of 
prosperity  fill  our  hearts  with  thankfulness;  and  in  the 


day  of  trouble    suffer  not  our  trust  in  Thee  to  fail;  all 
which  we  ask  for  Jesus  Christ's  sake. 

BISHOP  POTTER'S  ADDRESS, 
After  the  choir  had  sung  the  hymn  M  Rise; 
Crowned  With  Light,  Imperial  Salem,  Rise," 
Bishop  Potter  ascended  the  pulpit  and  delivered 
an  address,  in  which  he  referred  to  the  tender 
associations  connected  with  the  hour,  and  called 
upon  those  who  honored  Washington  to  emulate 
him  in  his  principles.  His  characterization  of 
"  Jeffersonian  simplicity"  as  "  Jacksonian  vul 
garity"  caused  a  slight  ripple  in  the  large  audi 
ence.  The  address  was  as  follows : 

One  hundred  years  ago  there  knelt  within  these 
walls  a  man  to  whom,  above  all  others  In  its  history, 
this  Nation  Is  indeblted.  An  Englishman  by  race  and 
lineage,  he  incarnated  In  his  own  person  and  character 
every  best  trait  and  attribute  that  have  made  th« 
Anglo-Saxon  name  a  glory  to  Its  children  and  a  terror 
to  its  enemies  throughout  the  world.  But  he  was 
not  so  much  an  Englishman  that,  when  the  tlm« 
tame  for  him  to  be  so,  he  was  not  even  more  an 
American ;  and  in  all  that  he  was  and  did,  a  patriot 
so  exalted,  and  a  leader  great  and  wise,  that  what 
men  called  him  when  he  came  here  to  be  inaugurated 
as  the  first  President  of  the  United  States  the  civilized 
world  has  not  since  then  ceased  to  call  him— the 
Father  of  his  Country. 

We  are  here  this  morning,  men  and  brethren,  to 
thank  God  for  so  great  a  gift  to  this  people,  to  com 
memorate  the  Incidents  of  which  this  day  is  the  one 
hundredth  anniversary,  and  to  recognize  the 
responsibilities  which  a  century  so  eventful  has  laid 
upon  us. 

And  we  are  here  of  all  other  places,  first  of  all, 
with  pre-eminent  appropriateness.  I  know  not  how 
it  may  be  with  those  to  whom  all  sacred  things  and 
places  are  matters  of  equal  Indifference,  but  surely 
to  those  of  us  to  whom  it  Is  otherwise  it  cannot  be 
without  profound  and  pathetic  import  that  when  the 
first  President  of  the  Republic  had  taken  upon  him,  by 
virtue  of  his  solemn  oath,  pronounced  In  the  sight  of 
all  the  people,  the  heavy  burden  of  its  Chief  Magis 
tracy,  he  turned  straightway  to  these  walls,  and 
kneeling  In  yonder  pew  asked  God  for  strength  to 
keep  his  promise  to  the  Nation  and  his  oath  to  Him. 

This  holy  house  was  no  unwonted  home  to  him,  nor 
to  a  large  proportion  of  those  eminent  men  who,  with 
him,  were  associated  in  framing  the  Constitution  of 
these  United  States.  Children  of  the  same  spiritual 
Mother  and  nurtured  In  the  same  Scriptural  faith  and 
order,  they  were  wont  to  carry  with  them  into  their 
public  deliberations  something  of  the  same  reverent 
and  conservative  spirit  which  they  had  learned  within 
these  walls,  and  of  vrhich  the  youthful  and  ill- regulated 
fervors  of  the  new-born  Republic  often  betrayed  Ita 
need.  And  he,  their  leader  and  chief,  while  singu 
larly  without  cant,  or  formalism,  or  pretence  in  his 
religious  habits,  was  penetrated,  as  we  know  well,  by 
a  profound  sense  of  the  dependence  of  the  Republic 
upon  a  Guidance  other  than  that  of  man,  and  of  his 
own  need  of  a  strength  and  courage  and  wisdom 
greater  than  he  had  in  himself. 

And  so,  with  inexpressible  tenderness  and  rever 
ence,  we  find  ourselves  thinking  of  him  here,  kneel 
ing  to  ask  for  such  gifts,  and  then  rising  to  go  forth 
to  his  great  tasks  with  mien  so  august  and  majestic 
that  Fisher  Ames,  who  sat  beside  him  In  this  chapel, 
wrote :  "  I  was  present  in  the  pew  Trlth  the  President, 
and  must  assure  you  that,  after  making  all  deductions 
for  the  delusions  of  our  fancy  in  regard  to  characters, 
I  still  think  of  him  with  more  veneration  than  I  feel 
for  any  other  person."  So  we  think  of  him,  I  say ; 
and  indeed  it  is  impossible  to  think  otherwise.  The 
modern  student  of  history  has  endeavored  to  tell 
us  how  It  was  that  the  service  in  this  cnapel  which 
we  are  striving  to  reproduce  this  morning  originally 
came  about.  The  record  is  not  without  obscurity, 
but  of  one  thing  we  may  be  sure— that,  to  him  who, 
of  that  goodly  company  who  a  hundred  years  ago 
gathered  within  these  walls,  was  chief,  it  was  no 
empty  form,  no  decorous  affectation.  Events  had 
been  too  momentous,  the  hand  of  a  Heavenly  Provi 
dence  had  been  too  plain  for  him  and  the  men  who 
were  grouped  about  elm  then  to  misread  the  one 
or  to  mistake  the  other.  The  easy  levity  with  which 
their  children's  children  debate  the  facts  of  God, 
and  Duty,  and  Eternal  Destiny  was  as  impossible 
to  them  as  Faith  and  Reverence  seem  to  be,  or  to 
be  in  danger  of  becoming,  to  some  of  us.  And  so 


B6 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


we  may  be  very  sure  that,  when  they  gathered  hero, 
the  air  was  hushed,  and  hearts  as  well  as  heads  were 
bent  In  honest  supplication. 

For,  after  all,  their  great  experiment  was  then  In 
truth  but  Just  beginning.  The  memorable  days  and 
deeds  which  had  preceded  It— the  struggle  for  inde 
pendence,  the  delicate  and.  In  many  respects,  more  diffi 
cult  struggle  for  Union,  the  harmonizing  of  the  various 
and  often  apparently  conflicting  Interests  of  rival  and 
remot«  States  and  sections,  the  formulating  and  adopt 
ing  of  the  National  Constitution— all  these  were  after  all 
but  Introductory  and  preparatory  to  the  great  experi 
ment  itself.  It  has  been  suggested  that  wo  may  wisely 
see  In  the  event  which  we  celebrate  to-day  an  Illus 
tration  of  those  great  principles  upon  which  all  Gov 
ernments  rest,  of  the  continuity  of  the  Chief  Magis 
tracy,  of  the  corporate  life  of  the  Nation  as  embodied 
In  its  Executive,  of  the  transmission,  by  due  succes 
sion,  of  authority,  and  the  like ;  of  all  of  which,  doubt 
less.  In  the  history  of  the  last  100  ye  are  we  have  an 
Interesting  and  on  the  whole  Inspiring  example. 

NOT  A  MECHANISM,  BUT  A  MAN. 
But  It  Is  a  somewhat  significant  fact  that  it  Is  not 
along  lines  such  as  these  that  the  enthusiasm  -which 
has  flamed  out  during  these  recent  days  and  weeks,  as 
this  anniversary  has  approached,  has  seemed  to  move. 
The  one  thing  that  has,  I  Imagine,  amazed  a  good 
many  cynical  and  pessimistic  people  among  us  Is  the 
way  In  which  the  ardor  of  a  great  people's  love  and 
homage  and  gratitude  has  kindled,  not  before  the  Im 
age  of  a  mechanism,  but  of  a  man.  It  has  been  felt 
with  an  unerring  Intuition  which  has,  once  and  again 
and  again  in  human  history,  been  the  attribute  of  the 
people  as  distinguished  from  the  doctrinaires,  the 
theorists,  the  system-makers,  that  that  which  makes 
It  worth  while  to  commemorate  the  Inauguration  of 
George  Washington  Is  not  merely  that  It  is  the  con 
summation  of  the  Nation's  struggle  toward  organic 
life,  not  merely  that  by  the  Initiation  of  Its  Chief  Ex 
ecutive  It  set  In  operation  that  Constitution  which  Mr. 
Gladstone  has  declared  "  the  most  perfect  Instrument 
which  the  wit  of  man  has  devised"  ;  but  that  It  cele 
brates  the  beginning  of  an  Administration  which,  by 
Its  lofty  and  stainless  Integrity,  by  Its  absolute  su 
periority  to  selfish  or  secondary  motives,  by  Its  recti 
tude  of  daily  conduct  In  the  face  of  whatsoever 
threats,  blandishments  or  combinations,  rather  than 
by  the  ostentatious  pharlseelsm  of  Its  professions,  has 
taught  this  Nation  and  the  world  forever  what  the 
Christian  ruler  of  a  Christian  people  ought  to  be. 

I  yield  to  no  man  In  my  veneration  for  the  men 
who  framed  the  compact  under  which  these  States 
are  bound  together,  nor  for  that  great  Instrument  It- 
sell  No  one  can  easily  exaggerate  their  services 
or  the  value  of  that  which  they  wrought  out.  But, 
after  all,  we  may  not  forget  to-day  that  the  thing 
which  they  made  was  a  dead  and  not  a  living  thing. 
It  had  no  power  to  Interpret  itself,  to  apply  Itself, 
to  execute  Itself.  Splendid  as  It  was  In  Its  com 
plex  and  forecasting  mechanism,  Instinct  as  It  was, 
In  one  sense,  with  a  noble  wisdom,  a  large- visioned 
statesmanship,  a  matchless  adaptability  to  untried 
emergencies,  It  was,  nevertheless,  no  different  In 
another  aspect  from  one  of  those  splendid  specimens 
of  naval  architecture  which  throng  our  wharves 
yonder  this  morning,  and  which,  with  every  best 
contrivance  of  human  art  and  skill,  with  capacities 
of  progress  which  newly  amaze  us  every  day,  are 
but  Impotent,  dead  matter,  save  as  the  brain  and  hand 
of  man  shall  summon  and  command  them.  "  The  ship 
of  state,"  we  say.  Yes;  but  It  is  the  cool  and  com 
petent  mastery  at  the  helm  of  that,  as  of  every  other 
ship,  which  shall,  under  God,  determine  the  glory  or 
the  Ignominy  of  the  voyage. 

MAINTAINED   BY   AN   UNSELFISH   PURPOSE. 

Never  was  there  a  truth  which  more  surely  needed 
to  be  spoken  I  A  generation  which  vaunts  Its  descent 
from  the  founders  of  the  Republic  seems  largely  to 
be  In  danger  of  forgetting  their  pre-eminent  distinction. 
They  were  few  in  numbers,  they  were  poor  In  worldly 
possessions— the  sum  of  the  fortune  of  the  richest 
of  them  would  afford  a  fine  theme  for  the  scorn  of 
the  plutocrat  of  to-day ;  but  they  had  an  Invincible 
confidence  In  the  truth  of  those  principles  tn  which 
the  foundations  of  the  Republic  had  been  laid,  and 
they  had  an  unselfish  purpose  to  maintain  them.  The 
conception  of  the  National  Government  as  a  huge 
machine,  existing  mainly  for  the  purpose  of  reward- 
Ing  partisan  service— this  was  a  conception  so  alien 


to  the  character  and  conduct  of  Washington  and  his 
associates  that  it  seems  grotesque  even  to  speak  of 
It.  It  would  be  interesting  to  Imagine  the  first 
President  of  the  United  States  confronted  with  some 
one  who  had  ventured  to  approach  him  upon  th« 
basis  of  what  is  now  commonly  called  "  practical 
politics." 

But  the  conception  Is  Impossible.  The  loathing, 
the  outraged  najesty  with  which  he  would  hav« 
bidden  such  a  creature  to  begone  is  foreshadowed 
by  the  gentle  dignity  with  which,  just  before  his 
Inauguration,  replying  to  one  who  had  the  strongest 
claims  upon  his  friendship,  and  who  had  applied  to 
him  during  the  progress  of  the  "  Presidental  campaign," 
as  we  should  say,  for  the  promise  of  an  appointment 
to  office,  he  wrote  :  "  In  touching  upon  the  more  delicate 
part  of  your  letter,  the  communication  of  which  fills 
me  with  real  concern,  I  will  deal  with  you  with  all 
that  frankness  which  Is  due  to  friendship,  and  which, 
I  trust,  will  be  a  characteristic  feature  of  my  con 
duct  through  life.  .  .  .  Should  It  be  my  fat« 
to  administer  the  Government  I  will  go  to  the  Chair 
under  no  pro-engagement  of  any  kind  or  nature  what 
ever.  And  when  In  It,  I  will,  to  the  best  of  my 
Judgment,  discharge  the  duties  of  the  office  with  that 
Impartiality  and  zeal  for  the  public  good  which  ought 
never  to  suffer  connections  of  blood  or  friendship 
to  have  the  least  sway  on  decisions  of  a  public 
nature." 

THE  HIGH  LEVEL.  WHERE  WASHINGTON  MOVED. 

On  this  high  level  moved  the  first  President  of 
the  Republic.  To  It  must  we  who  are  the  heirs  of 
her  sacred  Interests  be  not  unwilling  to  ascend,  If 
we  are  to  guard  our  glorious  heiltagei  And  this 
all  the  more  because  the  perils  which  confront  us  to 
day  are  so  much  graver  and  more  portentous  than 
those  which  then  impended.  There  Is  (if  we  are  not 
afraid  of  the  wholesome  medicine  that  there  Is  In 
consenting  to  see  it),  there  Is  an  element  of  Infinite 
sadness  In  the  effort  which  we'  are  making  to-day. 
Ransacking  the  annals  of  our  fathers,  as  we  have 
been  doing  for  the  last  few  months,  a  busy  and  well- 
meaning  assiduity  would  fain  reproduce  the  scene, 
the  scenery,  the  situation,  of  a  hundred  years  ago ! 
Vain  and  Impotent  endeavor  1 

It  Is  as  though  out  of  the  lineaments  of  living  men 
we  would  fain  reproduce  another  Washington.  We 
may  disinter  the  vanished  draperies,  we  may  revive 
the  stately  minuet,  we  may  rehabilitate  the  old 
scenes,  but  the  march  of  a  century  cannot  bo  halted 
or  reversed,  and  the  enormous  change  In  the  situa 
tion  can  neither  be  disguised  nor  Ignored.  Then  we 
were,  though  not  all  of  us  sprung  from  one  nationality, 
practically  one  people.  Now,  that  steadily  deteriorati- 
Ing  process,  against  whose  dangers  a  great  thinker 
of  our  own  century  warned  his  countrymen  Just  fifty 
years  ago,  goes  on,  on  every  hand,  apace.  "  The 
constant  importation,"  wrote  the  author  of  "  The 
Weal  of  Nations,"  "  as  now,  In  this  country,  of  the 
lowest  orders  of  people  from  abroad  to  dilute  the 
quality  of  our  natural  manhood,  Is  a  sad  and  beg 
garly  prostitution  of  the  noblest  gift  ever  conferred 
on  a  people.  Who  shall  respect  a  people  who  do 
not  respect  their  own  blood  ?  And  how  shall  a  Na 
tional  spirit,  or  any  determinate  and  proportionate 
character,  arise  out  of  so  many  low-bred  associations 
and  coarse-grained  temperaments,  Imported  from  every 
clime?  It  was.  Indeed,  In  keeping,  that  Pan,  who 
was  the  son  of  everybody,  was  the  ugliest  of  the 
gods." 

A.   DIFFERENCE   IN   RULING  IDEAS. 

And  again:  Another  enormous  difference  between 
this  day  and  that  of  which  It  is  the  anniversary,  Is 
to  be  seen  In  the  enormous  difference  In  the  nature 
and  Influence  of  the  forces  that  determine  our  Na 
tional  and  political  destiny.  Then,  Ideas  ruled  the 
hour.  To-day,  there  are  Indeed  ideas  that  rule  our 
hour,  but  they  must  be  merchan  table  Ideas.  The 
growth  of  wealth,  the  prevalence  of  luxury,  the 
massing  of  large  material  forces,  which  by  their 
very  existence  are  a  standing  menace  to  the  free 
dom  and  Integrity  of  the  Individual,  the  Infinite  swag 
ger  of  our  American  speech  and  manners,  mistaking 
bigness  for  greatness,  and  sadly  confounding  gain 
and  godliness— all  this  Is  a  contrast  to  the  austere 
simplicity,  the  unpurchasable  Integrity  of  the  first 
days  and  the  first  men  of  our  Republic,  which  makes 
It  Impossible  to  reproduce  to-day  either  the  temper 
or  the  conduct  of  our  fathers.  As  we  turn  the  pages 
backward,  and  come  upon  the  story  of  that  30th  of 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


37 


April  In  the  year  of  our  Lord  1789,  there  Is  a  certain 
stateliness  In  the  air,  a  certain  coremonlousness  In  the 
manners,  which  we  have  banished  long  ago. 

We  have  exchanged  the  Washlngtonlan  dignity  for 
th«  Jeffersonlan  simplicity,  which  was,  In  truth,  only 
another  name  for  the  Jacksonlan  vulgarity.  And 
what  have  we  gotten  In  exchange  for  It?  In  the  elder 
States  and  dynasties  they  had  the  trappings  of  royalty 
and  the  pomp  and  splendor  of  the  King's  person  to  fill 
•aen's  hearts  with  loyalty.  Well,  we  have  dispensed 
with  the  old  titular  dignities.  Let  us  take  care  that 
we  do  not  part  with  that  tremendous  force  for  which 
they  stood  !  If  there  be  not  titular  royalty,  all  the 
more  need  Is  there  for  personal  royalty.  If  there  be 
no  nobility  of  descent,  all  the  more  Indispensable  Is  It 
that  there  should  be  nobility  of  ascent— a  character  In 
themi  that  bear  rule,  so  fine  and  high  and  pure,  that  as 
Hen  come  within  the  circle  of  Its  Influence,  they  In 
voluntarily  pay  homage  to  that  which  Is  the  one  pre 
eminent  distinction,  the  Royalty  of  Virtue  ! 

And  It  was  that,  men  and  brethren,  which,  as  we 
turn  to-day  and  look  at  him  who  as  on  this  morning 
Just  an  hundred  years  ago,  became  the  servant  of  the 
Republic  In  becoming  the  Chief  Ruler  of  Its  people,  we 
must  needs  own,  conferred  upon  him  his  divine  right 
to  rule.  All  the  more,  therefore,  because  the  circum 
stances  of  his  era  were  so  little  like  our  own,  we  need 
to  recall  his  Image  and,  If  we  may,  not  only  to  com 
memorate,  but  to  reproduce  his  virtues.  The  traits 
which  In  him  shone  pre-eminent  as  our  own  Irving  has 
described  them,  "  Firmness,  sagacity,  an  Immovable 
Justice,  a  courage  that  never  faltered,  and  most  of  all 
a  truth  that  disdained  all  artifice,"  these  are  charac 
teristics  In  her  leaders  of  which  the  Nation  was  never 
In  more  dire  need  than  now. 

THE.  HERO,  THE  RULER,  THE  PATRIOT. 

And  so  we  come  and  kneel  at  this  ancient  and 
hallowed  shrine  where  once  he  knelt,  and  ask  that 
God  would  graciously  vouchsafe  them.  Here  in 
this  holy  house  we  find  the  witness  of  that  one  In 
visible  force  which,  because  It  alone  can  rule  the 
conscience,  Is  destined  one  day  to  rule  the  world. 
Out  from  airs  dense  and  foul  with  the  coarse  passions 
and  the  coarser  rivalries  of  self-seeking  men,  we  turn 
aside  as  from  the  crowd  and  glare  of  some  vulgar 
highway,  swarming  with  pushing  and  Ill-bred  throngs, 
and  tawdry  and  clamorous  with  bedizened  booths 
and  noisy  speech,  Into  some  cool  and  shaded  wood, 
where,  straight  to  heaven,  some  majestic  oak  lifts  its 
tall  form,  Its  roots  Imbedded  deep  among  the  unchanging 
rocks,  its  upper  branches  sweeping  the  upper  airs 
and  holding  high  commune  with  the  stars;  and  as 
we  think  of  him  for  whom  we  are  here  to  thank  God,  we 
gay,  "  Such  an  one,  in  native  majesty  he  was  a  ruler, 
wise  and  strong  and  fearless  In  the  sight  of  God  and 
men,  because  by  the  ennobling  grace  of  God  he  had 
learned  first  of  all  to  conquer  every  mean  and 
selfish  and  self-seeking  aim,  and  so  to  rule  himself  I"  For 

What   are   numbers   knit 

By  force  or  custom?      Man  who  man  would  b« 
Must  rule  the  empire  of  himself— in  It 
Must  be  supreme,  establishing  his  throne 
Of  vanquished  will,  quellins  the  anarchy 
Of  hopes  and  fears,   being  himself  alone, 

Such  was  the  hero,  the  leader,  the  ruler,  the  patriot, 
whom  we  gratefully  remember  on  this  happy  day.  We 
may  not  reproduce  his  age,  his  young  environment,  nor 
him.  But  none  the  less  we  may  rejoice  that  once  he 
lived  and  led  this  people,  '*  led  them  and  ruled  them 
prudently"  like  him,  that  Kingly  Ruler  and  Shepherd 
of  whom  the  Psalmist  sang.  "  with  all  his  power." 
God  give  us  grace  to  prize  his  grand  example,  and, 
as  we  may  in  our  more  modest  measure,  to  reproduce 
his  virtues. 

After  the  address  Bishop  Potter  read  from  a 
prayer-book  once  used  by  President  Washington 
the  prayer  for  rulers,  and  then  pronounced  the 
benediction.  The  President  and  Vice-President 
were  escorted  by  the  vestry  of  Trinity  Church  up 
the  north  aisle  to  the  pulpit,  down  to  the  porch, 
where  they  were  received  by  the  Committee  on 
Literary  Exercises  and  conducted  to  the  car 
riages  waiting  to  take  them  to  the  Sub-Treasury. 

OTHER  RELIGIOUS  SERVICES. 
Special  services  were  held  In  many  of  the  city 
ehurchea  In  the  morning.  In  the  Brick  Presbyterian 
Church  In  Fifth-ave.,  the  Old  John  Street  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  the  Baptist  Church  of  the  Epiphany, 
th«  Episcopal  Church  of  the  Incarnation  and  most  of  j 


the  Catholic  churches  these  services  were  largely  at 
tended.  The  Collegiate  Reformed  churches  united  In 
a  fine  Centennial  anniversary  service  at  the  church  at 
Flfth-ave.  and  Twenty-nlnth-st.,  In  which  all  their 
churches  In  the  city  participated.  A  special  pro 
gramme  was  prepared,  conducted  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Thomas  E.  Vermllye,  the  R«v.  Dr.  Talbot  W.  Cham 
bers,  Dr.  Edward  B.  Coe,  the  Rev.  Kenneth  F.  Junor, 
the  Rev.  Benjaman  E.  Dlckhaut  and  the  Rev.  William 
Vaughan. 

THE    LIIERAEY   EXEECISES. 


A    GREAT    DEMONSTRATION    AT    THE    SUB- 
TREASURY. 


THE      HISTORIC      SPOT      WHERE      WASHINGTON 
WAS     INAUGURATED     RECONSECRATED-DR. 
STORRS    OFFERS    PRAYER— A    POEM    BY 
MR.    WHITTIER— MR.    DEPEW    THE 
ORATOR    OF    THE    OCCASION- 
EFFECTIVE  REMARKS  BY 
PRESIDENT    HARRI 
SON. 

The  only  purely  literary  exercises  of  the  Gem 
tennial  Celebration  were  compressed  into  the 
short  space  of  fifty  minutes.  Though  brief  and 
simple,  they  were  dignified,  impressive,  and  in 
the  truest  sense  worthy  of  the  great  occasion. 
The  paucity  of  oratory  in  connection  with  thii 
notable  anniversary  has  been  deplored  by  some; 
in  particular  by  Professor  Felix  Adler.  who,  if  he 
could  have  had  his  own  way,  would  have  opened 
hundreds  of  throats  and  let  a  flood-tide  of  elo 
quence  pour  forth.  And  it  must  be  said  that  the 
carrying  out  of  that  suggestion,  to  a  certain  extent 
at.  least,  would  not  have  been  a  bad  idea,  if  the 
oratory  and  its  accompaniments  could  all  have 
been  on  the  same  high  plane  as  that  of  the  ex 
ercises  which  took  place  .yesterday  morning  in  front 
of  the  Sub-Treasury  in  Wall-st. 

A  platform  extending  across  the  front  of  the 
building  out  to  the  sidewalk  had  been  erected 
there.  It  was  on  a  level  with  John  Quincy  Adams 
Ward's  heroic  statue  of  George  Washington.  The 
space  immediately  in  front  of  the  statue,  where 
lies  the  stone  on  which  the  first  President  stood 
when  taking  the  oath  of  office  one  hundred  years 
ago  yesterday,  was  left  uncovered.  The  platform 
contained  seats  for  a  thousand  persons  or  more. 
At  the  middle  of  its  front  line  a  small  balcony, 
jutting  out  a  few  feet  over  the  street,  had  been 
built*.  The  floor  of  this  was  raised  a  foot  or  BO 
above  the  floor  of  the  platform. 

Between  the  Sub-Treasury  and  the  Assay  Office 
was  a  platform  for  P.  S.  Gilmore's  popular  band, 
which  played  many  soul-stirring  selections  before 
the  arrival  of  the  President  and  the  opening  of 
the  literary  exercises.  The  concert  began  at  8:10 
o'clock,  and,  though  the  distinguished  guests  did 
not  arrive  until  nearly  an  hour  and  a  half  later, 
the  time  seemed  short  to  those  in  waiting. 

THE   GATHERING    OF   THE    CROWD. 

The  crowd  began  to  assemble  at  an  early  hour 
in  this  part  of  WTall-st.  The  roadway  was  kept 
clear  by  a  large  body  of  police,  but  by  half-past 
9  the  sidewalks  opposite  the  Sub-Treasury  were 


THE  WASHINGTON  CBNTENABY. 


packed  with  men  and  women.  The  head  of 
Broad-st.  was  also  a  solid  mass  of  humanity. 
Gradually  the  sidewalks  in  the  direction  of  Trinity 
Church  and  the  Custom  House  filled  up,  and  by  ! 
1 0  o'clock  a  solid  human  wall  extended  from 
Broadway  to  Williarn-st. 

Every  window,  roof  and  other  point  of  vantage 
in.  the  neighborhood  was  early  occupied,  and 
later  on  a  few  daring  men  perched  themselves  on 
telegraph  poles  in  Broad-st.,  in  order  to  see  and 
hear  all  that  it  was  possible  for  their  eyes  and 
cars  to  take  in.  A  solitary  ex  press- wagon  stood 
in  Broad-st..  a  few  feet  below  Wall:  it  was  so 
surrounded  and  covered  with  eager  men.  women 
and  children  that  not  a  sauare  inch  of  it  was 
visible  from  the  Sub-Treasury  platform.  From 
scores  of  windows  amateur  and  professional 
photographers  pointed  their  cameras  at  the  chief 
centre  of  interest,  and  the  pictures  of  the  scene 
from  all  points  of  view  and  at  every  stage  of  the 
proceedings  will  doubtless  be  numbered  by  thou 
sands. 

SOME  INTERESTING  SIGHTS. 

Just  below  the  dense  black  human  mass  in 
Broad-st.  a  curious  sight  was  to  be  witnessed. 
It  was  a  cart  of  a  perambulating  vender  of  milk, 
and  the  cart  contained  an  object  that  suggested 
a  cow.  Perhaps  it  would  be  more  correct  to 
say  that  the  thing  was  a  caricature  of  the  milk- 
producing  member  of  the  animal  creation.  Pre 
sumably  the  vender  was  doing  a  thriving  business ; 
but  at  an  unlucky  moment  he  was  espied  by 
some  members  of  the  committee  with  small 
appreciation  of  this  more  or  less  picturesque  scene 
in  the  background.  Then  the  order  went  forth 
that  he  must  be  suppressed,  and  the  police  ruth 
lessly  ordered  him  to  move  on  to  other  streets, 
if  not  to  pastures  new. 

So  intense  was  the  desire  to  witness  this  part 
of  the  celebration  that  danger  was  little  thought 
of.  The  most  daring  exhibition  of  what  verged 
on  recklessness  was  to  be  seen  in  front  of  the 
Assay  Office,  where  the  coping  underneath  the 
second-story  windows  was  occupied  by  a  number 
of  men  and  two  or  three  women.  The  ledge 
on  which  they  stood  seemed  not  more  than  a  foot 
in  width.  One  woman  in  the  party  stood  part  of 
the  time,  but  so  great  was  her  nerve  and  coolness 
that  she  did  not  hesitate  to  sit  down  in  the 
narrow  space  at  her  disposal  when  she  wearied  of 
standing.  She  wore  a  dark-blue  gown  and  a 
jacket  of  light  mixed  cloth,  unbuttoned  save  at 
the  throat.  Her  composure  under  rather  trying 
circumstances  attracted  much  attention,  though 
the  performance  was,  to  say  the  least,  rather 
risky. 

ON    THE    PLATFORM. 

Entrance  to  the  Sub-Treasury  platform  was 
gained  by  a  stairway  on  the  Nassau-st.  side. 
The  early  comers  found  the  place  less  exposed 
to  the  cool  wind  than  they  had  expected,  though 
those  who  had  left  their  overcoats  behind  them 
had  reason  to  regret  their  rashness.  Indeed, 
heavy  coats  and  gloves  were  not  uncomfortable. 
The  sun  shone  only  at  intervals,  but  when  it  did 
break  through  the  clouds  the  warmth  of  its  genial 
rays  was  gladly  welcomed. 


Among  the  early  arrivals  at  the  platform  were 
Henry  C.  Bowen,  Edwards  Pierrepont,  General 
John  Cochrane,  John  D.  Crimmins,  Robert  P. 
Porter,  Superintendent  of  the  Census;  Mahlon 
Chance,  Andrew  Carnegie,  Carl  Schurz,  ex-Police 
Superintendent  Walling,  and  Alfred  R.  Conkling. 
Hannibal  Hamlin,  the  only  living  ex-Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States,  came  unattended, 
but  he  was  instantly  recognized  and  welcomed 
with  a  cheer.  He  wisely  wore  an  overcoat. 
His  silk  hat  was  pulled  well  down  toward  his 
ears.  His  strong  and  rugged,  but  kindly,  face 
would  attract  attention  in  any  public  gathering, 
even  if  he  had  not  enjoyed  the  unique  honor  of 
serving  as  Vice-President  during  the  first  term 
of  the  illustrious  Lincoln.  He  wears  his  seventy- 
nine  years  remarkably  well. 

Anthony  Higgins,  the  first  Republican  Senator 
that  Delaware  has  ever  sent  to  Washington,  was 
eagerly  pointed  out  by  those  who  recognized 
Urn.  Senator  Hawley,  of  Connecticut,  was 
another  noteworthy  figure.  Among  the  others 
who  took  seats  on  the  platform  or  stood  on  the 
portico  of  the  building  were  United  States  Judge 
Benedict,  James  C.  Carter^  Robert  R.  Livingston, 
George  Wilson,  Secretary  of  the  Chamber  of  Com 
merce;  Senator  Shelby  M.  Cullom,  of  Illinois; 
Lewis  Barker,  of  Maine,  ex-Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives;  John  F.  Plummer;  O.  B. 
Potter,  Joseph  J.  O'Donohue,  Bishop  Edward 
G.  Andrews,  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church; 
Professor  J.  L.  N.  Hunt,  Whitelaw  Reid,  Minister 
to  France;  President  Eliot,  of  Harvard  Uni 
versity  ;  Tax  Commissioner  Edward  L.  Parris, 
Edward  N.  Tailer,  General  Isaac  S.  Catlin,  Will 
iam  P.  Estes,  Sigismund  Lasar  and  John  F. 
Henry. 

The  statue  of  Washington  was  guarded  during 
the  exercises  by  H.  S.  Marlor,  a  Grand  Army  man. 

WASHINGTON'S  CHAIR  AND  BTBT.B. 

In  .the  balcony  set  apart  for  those  who  took 
an  active  part  in  the  exercises  was  an  oak  stand, 
on  which  stood  a  goblet  and  a  carafe  of  water. 
Sonic  time  before  the  arrival  of  the  Presidential 
party  a  richly  carved  ebony  table,  on  which  rested 
a  blue  plush  cushion,  was  carried  out  and  placed 
in  the  opposite  corner  of  the  balcony.  This  table 
is  the  property  of  Robert  R.  Livingston,  the  great- 
grandson  of  Chancellor  Livingston,  to  whom  it 
once  belonged.  Near  the  table  stood  an  ancient 
looking  mahogany  chair— the  very  one  in  whiah 
Washington  sat  a  century  ago.  It  is  upholstered  in 
leather,  and  is  now  owned  by  Professor  Southwick, 
of  the  Museum  of  Natural  History.  Later  the 
Bible  on  which  Washington  took  the  oath  of  of 
fice  was  placod,  opened,  on  ilie  hlue  cushion. 

ARRIVAL,  OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 

About  twenty  minutes  past  10  the  word  was 
passed  around  that  the  National  officials  were  on 
their  way  from  St.  Paul's  Church.  Many  eyes 
looked  wistfully  in  the  direction  of  Trinity  Church, 
but  the  Presidential  party  avoided  the  crowds 
by  coming  by  the  way  of  Pine-st.,  and  reaching 
the  platform  by  passing  through  the  Sub-Treasury 
from  the  rear  entrance. 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


30 


As  President  Harrison,  Vice-President  Morton, 
tlie  members  of  the  Cabinet  and  others  came  m 
sight,  they  were  heartily  cheered,  while  Gilmore's 
men  played  "  Hail  to  the  Chief  n  in  light  royal 
fashion.  The  President  was  escorted  to  Washing 
ton's  chair.  On  his  right  side  Vice-President 
Morton  took  his  seat;  next  him  were  Archbishop 
Corrigan,  in  his  pontifical  robes,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Richard  Salter  Storrs  and  Chauncey  M.  Depew. 
To  the  President's  left  were  Hamilton  Fish,  Mayor 
Grant,  Senator  Evarts  and  that  bronzed  old  war 
rior  whose  presence  anywhere  arouses  enthusiasm— 
William  Tecumseh  Sherman.  In  the  rear  were 
ex-President  Hayes  and  ex-President  Cleveland 
side  by  side,  and  close  by  were  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor  Jones,  Chief  Justice  Fuller,  Justice  Field, 
James  Russell  Lowell,  Bishop  Potter  and  Clarence 
W.  Bowen.  The  next  row  of  chairs  were  occupied 
by  Secretary  Windom,  Secretary  Tracy,  Secretary 
Proctor,  Postmaster-General  Wanamaker,  Secretary 
Noble,  Attorn  ey-General  Miller  and  Secretary 
Rusk.  Toward  the  eastern  end  of  the  platform, 
beyond  the  press  seats,  could  now  be  seen.  Senator 
John  Sherman  and  Frederick  Douglass. 

THE   EXERCISES    OFEXEJX 

Without  a  moment's  unnecessary  delay  Hamilton 
Fish  stepped  to  the  front  of  the  balcony  and  in  a 
sentence  or  two  called  the  assembly  to  order. 
It  was  now  10  :25.  At  this  time  there  were  prob 
ably  10,000  persons  massed  along  Wall-st.,  in 
Broad-st.  and  around  the  Sub-Treasury.  El- 
bridge  T.  Gerry,  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Literary  Exercises,  then  made  a  brief  introductory 
address.  He  said: 

Fellow  Citizens :  One  hundred  years  ago,  on  this 
spot,  George  WashiDgton,  as  first  President  of  the 
United  States,  took  his  oath  of  office  upon  the  Holy 
Bible.  That  sacred  volume  is  here  to-day,  silently 
attesting  the  basis  upon  which  our  Nation  was  con 
structed  and  the  dependence  of  our  people  upon  Al 
mighty  God.  In  the  words,  then,  of  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Government,  "  with  >arts  overflowing  with  grat- 
Itude  to  our  Sovereign  Benefactor  for  granting  to  us 
existence,  for  continuing  It  to  the  present  period,  and 
for  accumulating  on  us  blessings  spiritual  and  tem 
poral  through  life,  may  we  with  fervor  beseech  Him  so 
to  continue  them  as  best  to  promote  His  glory  and  our 
welfare." 

The  Rev.  Richard  S.  Storrs  will  utter  the  Invocation. 

DR.    STORRS   OFFERS  PRAYER. 

Dr.  Storrs  had  put  on  a  silk  skull  cap,  and 
throwing  off  his*  cape  overcoat,  revealed  to  view 
his  black  ministerial  robes.  He  stepped  to  the 
balcony  rail,  holding  in  both  hands  a  black-covered 
book  that  contained  the  sheets  on  which  his  rvayer 
had  been  written.  The  audience  had  been  re 
quested  by  Mr.  Gerry  to  uncover,  and  the  thou 
sands  of  bare-headed  men  in  the  street  below,  with 
theii  faces  upturned,  presented  an  impressive  sight. 
Dr.  Storrs's  voice  was  full  and  firm  and  his  manner 
deeply  reverential.  After  he  iiad  .itlc.red  two 
or  three  sentences,  the  sun  burst  through  the 
clouds  and  flooded  the  assembled  multitude  with 
golden  radiance.  It  was  a  happy  omen  of  the 
success  of  the  pivotal  day  of  the  celebration. 
Dr.  Storrs  was  heard  with  close  attention,  though 
his  voice  was  probably  inaudible  to  a  majority 
of  the  audience.  AVhen  he  reached  the  Lord's 
Prayer,  many  voices  joined  with  the  clergyman's 


in  repeating  it.     Dr.  Storrs's  prayer  was  as  fol 
lows: 

Almighty  God,  most  merciful  Father,  who  art  Infinite  In 
wisdom,  sovereign  In.  power,  and  whose  are  the  eternal 
years;  In  penitence  and  with  reverence  we  offer  before 
Thee  our  humble  supplication,  remembering  In  our  low  es 
tate  that  the  Heaven  of  heavens  cannot  contain  Thee,  and 
that  Heaven  and  earth  are  full  of  the  majesty  of  Thy 
glory. 

With  contrite  confession  we  acknowledge  our  sins,  of 
heart  and  of  life,  with  which  Thou  art  most  Justly  dis 
pleased,  and  entreat  Thy  forgiveness  through  Him  whom 
Thou  hast  exalted  with  Thy  right  hand  to  be  a  Prince  and 
a  Saviour.  Accept,  we  beseech  Thee,  the  requests  and 
thanksgivings  which  we  offer  In  His  name  ;  give  us  an  heart 
to  love  and  to  fear  Thee ;  and  both  now  and  ever,  In  what 
soever  frailty  of  body  or  of  mind,  may  we  find  In  Thee 
resource  and  succor. 

We  give  praise  and  homage  to  Thy  great  name  for  the 
favor  Thou  didst  show  to  our  fathers  aforetime,  when  they 
dwelt  as  strangers  In  a  wide  land,  when  this  city  was  a 
little  one  and  few  men  In  It;  that  they  looked  unto  Thee 
and  were  lightened,  and  their  faces  were  not  ashamed; 
that  though  they  went  through  flre  and  through  wafer, Thou 
broughtest  them  out  Into  a  wealthy  place ;  and  that,  by 
Thy  help,  from  dependence  and  fear  they  were  quickly 
exalted  to  dominion  and  honor. 

Especially  we  thank  Thee  for  those  who  by  wisdom, 
by  constancy  and  by  valor  were  Thy  ministers  to  the 
people,  conducting  them  out  of  peill  Into  peace,  leading 
them  In  the  paths  which  Thou  hast  ordained  to  large 
prosperity  and  a  secure  freedom.  Through  Thy  prepara 
tion  came  the  captains  and  counsellors,  whose  dust  we 
guard  with  affectionate  honor,  while  the  nation  which 
they  serve  has  become  their  memorial. 

Most  of  all,  on  this  day,  we  give  thanks  and  praise 
for  him  whom  Thou  In  Thy  providence  didst  set  forth 
to  be  the  leader  of  our  leaders  In  council  and  in  arms, 
and  the  example  for  all  who  foUow  In  his  high  office. 
For  his  patience  and  courage  which  never  failed,  and  his 
foreseeing  wisdom  which  was  not  dimmed,  for  the  stead 
fastness  of  spirit,  sustained  upon  Thee,  which  sank  be 
neath  no  weight  of  burdens,  the  magnanimous  serenity 
which  disaster  could  not  shake  nor  any  successes  unduly 
exalt,  we  render  to  Thee  homage  and  laud;  for  his 
majestic  fidelity  to  an  unsurpassed  trust,  his  reverent 
faith  In  Thy  Word  and  in  Thee.  We  bless  Thee  that 
through  the  gifts  and  grace  with  which  Thou  didst 
endue  him,  his  name  remains  for  us,  as  for  our  fathers, 
a  banner  of  light,  to  the  lustre  of  which  the  nations 
turn.  Make  us  worthy  partakers  of  the  fruit  of  his 
labors,  munificent  in  blessing,  whoso  fame  is  henceforth 
in  all  the  earth. 

Behold,  we  beseech  Thee,  with  Thy  merciful  favor  the 
nation  which  Thou  didst  thus  plant  and  protect,  setting 
It  In  the  place  which  Thou  hast  prepared,  and  multiply 
it  with  large  Increase.  Thou  hast  given  it  riches  of 
silver  and  gold,  and  made  It  possessor  of  a  land  of 
abundance,  whose  stones  are  iron,  and  out  of  whose  rock 
flow  rivers  of  oil.  In  its  plentiful  fields  the  year  is 
crowned  with  the  joy  of  harvest,  within  its  borders  are  all 
pleasant  fruits,  and  its  harbors  exult  In  the  tribute  of  the 
seas.  Thou  hast  given  it  wise  and  equal  laws,  for  the 
homeborn  and  the  stranger,  ordinances  of  justice,  a  gov 
ernment  which  has  been  to  it,  in  successive  generations, 
for  a  name  and  a  praise.  May  it  equally  inherit  the 
blessings  of  Thy  grace  and  partake  of  Thy  righteousness. 
In  obedience  to  Thy  will,  and  in  reverence  for  Thy  truth, 
may  its  liberties  abide  on  the  surest  foundations.  In 
faith  unfeigned,  and  with  joyful  homage,  may  It  offer  to 
Thee  its  sacrifice  of  praise,  and  in  all  coming  time  find 
happiness  and  hope  in  Thy  benediction. 

Regard  with  Thy  favor,  and  crown  with  Thy  blessing, 
Thy  servant,  the  President  of  the  United  States,  with  all 
who  have  part  In  the  enactment  of  law  or  Its  just  exe 
cution.  Speak  unto  them  from  from  the  cloudy  pillar  of 
the  great  example  which  this  day  recalls.  May  they  so  us« 
authority  as  those  who  themselves  must  give  account. 
Give  them  wisdom  to  carry  into  prosperous  effect  designs 


40 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


conceived  in  equity  and  love,  that  by  virtue  and  knowledge 
they  may  obtain  a  good  renown,  and  that  under  their 
governance  the  people  may  dwell  throughout  our  coasts 
In  friendship  and  hope ;  and  when  thou  hast  guided  them 
by  Thy  counsel  on  earth  receive  them,  we  pray  Thee,  to 
Thy  heavenly  glory. 

O  Thou,  who  hast  made  of  one  blood  all  nations  of  men 
for  to  dwell  on  all  the  face  of  the  earth,  appointing  their 
times  and  the  bounds  of  their  habitation,  and  who  art 
ever  the  author  of  peace  and  lover  of  concord,  remember 
In  Thy  mercy  all  kindreds  of  mankind,  with  them  that 
have  office  and  rule  among  them.  Thou  art  lifting  the 
gates  and  opening  the  doors  between  the  peoples,  that 
the  King  of  Glory  may  come  in.  Before  the  brightness 
of  Thy  benign  light  cause  confusion  and  darkness  to  flee 
away.  For  oppression  give  freedom ;  for  anxiety  and  fear, 
give  glad  expectation ;  and  in  place  of  enmity,  jealousy 
and  strife,  establish  the  nations  In  the  quietness  of  confi 
dence  and  the  fellowship  of  love,  till  the  peace  of  the 
world  shall  flow  like  a  river,  and  its  righteousness  as  the 
waves  of  the  sea. 

"Our  Father,  who  art  in  Heaven;  Hallowed  be  Thy 
name.  Thy  kingdom  come ;  Thy  will  be  done  on  earth,  as 
it  is  in  Heaven.  Give  us  this  day  our  daily  bread.  And 
forgive  us  our  trespasses,  as  we  forgive  those  who  trespass 
against  us.  And  lead  us  not  Into  temptation ;  but  deliver 
OB  from  evil.  For  Thine  Is  tlio  kingdom,  and  the  power, 
and  the  glory,  forever  and  ever.  Amen." 

During  tlie  prayer  President  Harrison  stood  with 
uncovered  head.  His  overooat  WAS  unbuttoned; 
there  was  a  large  Jacqueminot  rose  in  the  button, 
hole.  His  right  hand,  the  fingers  of  which  clasped 
his  gold-framed  eye-glasses,  rested  on  the  open 
pages  of  the  Bible. 

MR.  WHITTIER'S  POEM  READ. 

Mr.  Gerry  next  announced  that  a  poem  written 
for  the  occasion  by  John  Greenleaf  Whittier  would 
be  read  by  Clarence  W.  Bowen,  secretary  of  the 
Committee  on  Literary  Exercises.  The  poem  was 
entitled  "  The  Vow  of  Washington,"  and  was  dated 
at  Oak  Knoll,  Danvers,  Mass.  Mr.  Bowen  has  a 
strong,  clear  voice,  and  the  fine  poem,  heard  for 
the  first  time,  was  excellently  rendered.  In  spite 
of  the  Quaker  poet's  advancing  years,  his  latest 
production  gives  no  evidence  of  decaying  powers. 
The  poem  is  as  follows : 

The  sword  was  sheathed:  in  April's  sun 

Lay  green  the  fields  by  Freedom  won; 
And  severed  sections,  weary  of  debates, 
Joined  hands  at  last  and  were  United  States. 

0  City  sitting  by  the  Sea  1 
How  proud  the  day  that  dawned  on  thee, 
When  the  new  era,  long  desired,  began, 
And,  In  its  need,  the  hour  had  found  the  manl 

One  thought  the  cannon  salvos  spoke ; 

The   resonant  bell-tower's  vibrant  stroke, 
The  volceful   streets,   the  plaudit-echoing  halls, 
And  prayer  and  hymn  borne  heavenward  from  St.  Paul's; 

How  felt  the  land  in  every  part 

The  strong  throb  of  a  nation's  heart, 
As  Its  great  leader  gave,  with  reverent  awe, 
His  pledge  to  Union,  Liberty  and  Law  1 

That  pledge  the  heavens  above  him  heard, 

That  vow  the  sleep  of  centuries  stirred ; 
In  world-wide  wonder  listening  peoples  bent 
Their  gaze  on  Freedom's  great  experiment. 

Could  it  succeed?      Of  honor  sold 

And  hopes  deceived  all  history  told. 
Above  the  wrecks  that  strewed  the  mournful  past,  , 
Was  the  long  dream  of  ages  true  at  last? 

Thank  God  1  the  people's  choice  was  just, 

The  one  man  equal  to  his  trust. 
Wise  beyond  lore,  and  without  weakness  good. 
Calm  in  the  strength  of  flawless  rectitude  1 

His  rule  of  Justice,  order,  peace, 

Made  possible  the  world's  release; 
Taught  prince  and  serf  that  power  is  but  a  trust, 
And  rule,  alone,  which  serves  the  ruled,  Is  just; 

That  Freedom  generous  is,  but  strong 

In  hate  of  fraud  and  selfish  wrong, 
Pretence  that  turns  her  holy  truths  to  lies, 
And  lawless  license  masking  In  her  guise. 


Land  of  his  love !  with  one  glad  voice 

Let  thy  great  sisterhood  rejoice ; 
A  century's  suns  o'er  thee  have  risen  and  set. 
And,  God  be  praised,  we  are  one  nation  yet. 

And  still,  we  trust,   the  years  to  be 

Shall  prove  his   hope  was  destiny, 
Leaving  our  flag  with  all  its  added  stars 
Unrent  by  faction  and  unstained  by   wars  I 

Lo !  where  with  patient  toil  he  nursed 

And  trained  the  new-set  plant  at  first, 
The  widening  branches  of  a  stately  tree 
Stretch  from  the  sunrise  to  the  sunset  sea. 

And  In  its  broad  and  sheltering  shade, 

Sitting  with   none  to  make  afraid, 
Were  we  now  silent,  through  each  mighty  limb 
The  winds  of  heaven  would  sing  the  praise   of  kirn. 

Our  first  and  best !— his  ashes  lie 

Beneath  his  own  Virginian  sky. 
Forgive,  forget,  O  true  and  just  and  brave, 
The  storm  that  swept  above  thy   sacred  grave  t 

For,    ever   in   the   awful    strife 

And  dark  hours  of  the  Nation's  life, 

Through    the   fierce    tumult   pierced   his   warning   word, 
Their  father's  voice  his  erring  children  heard! 

The  change  for  which  he  prayed  and  sought 

In  that  sharp  agony  was  wrought; 
No  partial  interest  draws  its  alien  line 
'Twixt  North  and  South,   the  cypress  and  the  pine  I 

One  people  now.  all  doubt  beyond, 

His  name  shall  be  our  Union-bond; 
We  lift  our  hands  to  Heaven,   and  here  and  now, 
Take  on  our  lips  the  old  Centennial  vow. 

For  rule  and   trust  must  needs  be  ours ; 

Chooser  and  chosen  both  are  powers 
Equal   in  service  as  in  rights;  the  claim 
Ol  Duty  rests  on  each  and  all  the  same. 

Then  let  the  sovereign  millions,  where 

Our  banner  floats  in  sun  and  air, 
From  the  warm  palm-lands  to  Alaska's  cold, 
Repeat  with  us  the  pledge  a  century  old! 

MR.  DEPEW'S  ORATION. 
When  Mr.  Bowen  sat  down,  Mr.  DC  pew  was 
introduced  as  the  orator  of  the  occasion. 
As  he  stepped  forward  it  was  seen  that 
his  black  Prince  Albert  coat  was  closely  buttoned ; 
his  head  was  protected  from  the  wind  by  & 
.skull-cap;  he  wore  eyeglasses,  and  the  sheets  of 
his  oration  were  firmly  grasped  in  his  left  hand. 
His  oration,  if  delivered  in  full,  would  have 
occupied  more  than  an  hour :  but  as  the  presence 
of  the  President  was  required  at  the  reviewing- 
stand  as  early  as  possible,  the  literary  exercises 
had  to  be  shortened,  and  Mr.  Depew  was  com 
pelled  to  omit  a  large  part  of  his  oration.  It  is 
printed  here  in  full,  however.  Mr.  Depew  was 
in  good  voice,  and  spoke  with  great  earnestness. 
He  gestured  freely  with  his  right  hand,  and  all 
of  his  eloquent  periods  were  roundly  applauded. 
It  so  happened  that  the  roll  of  the  drums  of  the 
bands  in  Broadway,  where  the  parade  was  getting 
under  way,  frequently  came  in  at  the  points 
where  applause  was  in  order,  and  at  one  time 
the  bells  in  Old  Trinity's  steeple  rang  out  an 
accompaniment  to  the  music  of  the  orator's  voice. 
Mr.  Depew's  oration  in  full  was  as  follows: 
we  celebrate  to-day  the  Centenary  of  our  nation 
ality.  One  hundred  years  ago  the  United  States  be 
gan  their  existence.  The  powers  of  government  were 
assumed  by  the  people  of  the  Republic,  and  they  be 
came  the  sole  source  of  authority.  The  solemn  cere 
monial  of  the  first  Inauguration,  the  reverent  oath  of 
Washington,  the  acclaim  of  the  multitude  greeting 
their  President,  marked  the  most  unique  event  of  mod 
ern  times  In  the  development  of  free  institutions.  The 
occasion  was  not  an  accident,  but  a  result.  It  was 
the  culmination  of  the  working  out  by  mighty  forces 
through  many  centuries  of  the  problem  of  self-govern 
ment.  It  was  not  the  triumph  of  a  system,  the  appli 
cation  of  a  theory,  or  the  reduction  to  practice  of  the 
abstractions  of  philosophy.  The  time,  the  country, 
the  heredity  and  environment  of  the  people,  the  folly 
of  its  enemies,  and  the  noble  courage  of  Its  friends, 
gave  to  liberty  after  ages  of  defeat,  of  trial,  of  experi 
ment,  of  partial  success  and  substantial  gains,  this  im 
mortal  victory.  Henceforth  it  had  a  refuge  and  re 
cruiting  station.  The  oppressed  found  free  homes  in 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


41 


tils  favored  land,  and  Invisible  armies  marched  from 
It  by  mail  and  telegraph,  by  speech  and  song,  by  pre 
cept  and  example,  to  regenerate  the  world. 

Puritans  In  New-England,  Dutchmen  in  New-York, 
Catholics  In  Maryland,  Huguenots  in  South  Carolina 
had  felt  the  fires  of  persecution  and  were  wedded  to 
religious  liberty.  They  had  been  purified  in  the 
furnace,  and  in  high  debate  and  on  bloody  battle 
fields  had  learned  to  sacrifice  all  material  interests 
and  to  peril  their  lives  lor  human  rights.  The  prin 
ciples  of  constitutional  government,  had  been  Impressed 
upon  them  by  hundreds  of  years  of  struggle,  and  for 
each  principle  they  could  point  to  the  grave  of  an 
ancestor  whose  death  attested  the  ferocity  of  the  fight 
and  the  value  of  the  concession  wrung  from  arbitrary 
power.  They  knew  the  limitations  of  authority,  they 
could  pledge  their  lives  and  fortunes  to  resist  encroach 
ments  upon  their  rights,  but  It  required  the  lesson  of 
Indian  massacres,  the  invasion  of  the  armies  of  France 
from  Canada,  the  tyranny  of  the  British  Crown,  the 
seven  years'  war  of  Revolution,  and  the  five  years  of 
chaos  of  the  Confederation  to  evolve  the  Idea,  upon 
which  rest  the  power  and  permanency  of  the  Republic, 
that  liberty  and  union  are  one  and  inseparable. 

The  traditions  and  experience  of  the  Colonists  had 
made  them  alert  to  discover  and  quick  to  resist  any 
peril  to  their  liberties.  Above  all  things  they  feared  and 
distrusted  power.  The  town  meeting  and  the 
Colonial  Legislature  gave  them  confidence  in  them 
selves,  and  courage  to  check  the  Royal  Governors. 
Their  interests,  hopes  and  affections  were  In  their 
several  commonwealths,  and  each  blow  by  the  Brit 
ish  Ministry  at  their  freedom,  each  attack  upon  their 
rights  as  Englishmen,  -weakened  their  love  for  the 
mother-land  and  intensified  their  hostility  to  the 
Crown.  But  the  same  causes  wh'ch  broke  down 
their  allegiance  to  the  Central  Government  increased 
their  confidence  In  their  respective  colonies,  and 
their  faith  In  liberty  was  largely  dependent  upon  the 
maintenance  of  the  sovereignty  of  their  several  States. 
The  farmers'  shot  at  Lexington  echoed  round  the 
world,  the  spirit  which  It  awakened  from  its  slumbers 
could  do  and  dare  and  die,  but  it  had  not  yet  dis- 
covered  the  s°cret  of  the  permanence  and  progress 
of  free  Institutions.  Patrick  Henry  thundered  in  the 
Virginia  Convention,  James  Otis  spoke  with  trumpet 
tongue  and  fervid  eloquence  for  nn'ted  action  In 
Massachusetts,  Hamilton,  Jay  and  Clinton  pledged 
New- York  to  respond  -with  men  and  mon^y  for  the 
common  cause,  but  their  vision  only  saw  a  league 
of  Independent,  colonies.  The  vail  was  not  yet  drawn 
from  before  tho  vista,  of  population  and  power,  of 
empire  and  liberty  which  would  open  with  National 
Union. 

VICTORIES  WON  FOR,  HUMAN  RIGHTS. 
The  Continental  Congress  partially  grasped,  but 
completely  expressed,  the  central  Idea  of  the  American 
Republic.  More  fully  than  any  other  body  which  ever 
assembled  did  it  represent  the  victories  won  from 
arbitrary  power  for  human  rights.  In  the  New  World 
It  was  the  conservator  of  liberties  secured  through 
centuries  of  struggle  in  the  old.  Among  the  delegates 
were  the  descendants  of  the  man  who  had  stood  in 
that  brilliant  array  upon  the  field  of  Runnymede,  which 
wrested  from  King  John  Magna  Charta.  that  great 
charter  of  liberty,  to  which  Ha'llam  in  the  nineteenth 
century  bears  witness  "  that  all  which  had  been  since 
obtained  is  little  more  than  as  confirmation  or  com 
mentary."  There  were  the  grandchildren  of  the  states 
men  who  had  summoned  Charles  before  Parliament 
and  compelled  his  assent  to  the  Petition  of  Rights. 
which  transferred  power  from  the  Crown  to  the  Com 
mons,  and  gave  representative  government  to  the 
English-speaking  race.  And  there  were  those  who 
had  sprung  from  the  iron  soldiers  who  had  fought  and 
charged  with  Cromwell  at  Naseby  and  Dunbar  and 
Mars  ton  Moor.  Among  Its  members  were  Huguenots. 
whn=e  fathers  had  followed  the  white  plume  of  Henry 
of  Navarre  and  in  an  age  of  bigotry,  intolerance  and 
the  deification  of  absolutism  had  secured  the  great 
edict  of  religious  liberty  from  French  despotism  ;  and 
who  had  become  a  people  without  a  country,  rather 
than  surrender  their  convictions  and  forswear  their 
conscience?.  In  this  Congress  were  those  whose 
ancestors  were  the  countrymen  of  Wlll'am  of  Orange, 
the  Beggars  of  the  Sea.  who  had  survived  the  cruel 
ties  of  Alva,  and  broken  the  proud  yoke  of  Philip  of 
Spain,  and  who  had  two  centuries  before  made  a 
Declaration  of  Independence  a-nd  formed  a  federal 
union  which  were  models  of  freedom  and  strength. 
These  men  were  not  revolutionists,  they  were  the 
heirs  and  the  guardians  of  the  priceless  treasures  of 
mankind.  The  British  King  and  his  Ministers  were 


the  revolutionists.  They  were  reactionaries,  seeking 
arbitrarily  to  turn  back  the  hands  upon  the  dial  ol 
i line.  A  year  of  doubt  arid  debate,  the  baptism  of  blood 
upon  battle-fields,  where  soldiers  from  every  colony 
fought,  under  a  common  standard,  and  consolidated  the 
Continental  Army,  gradually  lifted  the  soul  and  under 
standing  of  this  Immortal  Congress  to  the  sublime 
declaration  :  "  We,  therefore,  the  Representatives  of 
the  United  States  of  America.  In  General  Congress 
assembled,  appealing  to  the  Supremo  Judge  of  the 
World  for  the  rectitude  of  our  intentions,  do,  in  the 
name  and  by  the  authority  of  the  good  people  of  these 
colonies,  solemnly  publish  and  declare  that  these 
United  Colonies  are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be,  free  and 
independent  States." 

To  this  declaration  John  Hancock,  proscribed  and 
threatened  with  death,  affixed  a  signature  which  stood 
for  a  century  like  the  pointers  to  the  North  Star  In 
the  firmament  of  freedom,  and  Charles  Carroll,  taunted 
that  among  many  Carrolls,  he,  the  rich 
est  man  in  America,  might  escape,  added 
description  and  Identification  with  "  of  Car- 
rollton."  Benjamin  Harrison,  a  delegate  from 
Virginia, ,the  ancestor  of  the  distinguished  statesman 
and  soldier  who  to-day  so  worthily  fills  the  chair  of 
Washington,  voiced  the  unalterable  determination  and 
defiance  of  the  Congress.  He  seized  John  Hancock, 
upon  whoso  head  a  price  was  set,  in  his  arms,  and 
placing  him  In  the  Presidential  chair,  said,  "  We 
will  show  Mother  Britain  how  little  we  care  for  her  by 
making  our  President  a  Massachusetts  man,  whom  she 
has  excluded  from  pardon  by  public  proclamation"  ; 
and  when  they  were  signing  the  declaration,  and  the 
Blender  Elbridge  Gerry  uttered  the  grim  pleasantry, 
"We  must  hang  together  or  surely  we  will  hanr 
separately,"  the  portly  Harrison  responded  with  a 
more  daring  humor.  "  it  will  be  all  over  with  me  In  a 
moment,  but  you  will  be  kicking  In  the  air  half  an 
hour  after  I  am  gone."  Thus  flashed  athwart  the 
great  Charter,  which  was  to  be  for  Its  signers  a  death- 
warrant  or  a  diploma  of  Immortality,  as  with  firm 
hand,  high  purpose  and  undaunted  resolution,  they 
subscribed  their  names,  this  mockery  of  fear  and  the 
penalties  of  treason. 

THE  CENTRAL  IDEA  OF  THE  DECLARATION. 
The  grand  central  Idea  of  the  Declaration  of  In 
dependence  was  the  sovereignty  of  the  people.  It 
relied  for  original  power,  not  upon  States  or  Colo 
nies,  or  their  citizens  as  such,  but  recognized  as  the 
authority  for  nationality  the  revolutionary  rights 
of  the  people  of  the  United  States.  It  stated  with 
marvellous  clearness  the  encroachments  upon  liber 
ties  which  threatened  their  suppression  and  justi 
fied  revolt,  but  It  was  Inspired  by  the  very  genius 
of  freedom,  and  the  prophetic  possibilities  of 
united  commonwealth?;  covering  the  Continent  In 
one  harmonious  Republic,  when  It  made  the  people 
of  the  thirteen  Colonies  all  Americans  and  de 
volved  lipon  them  to  administer  by  themselves,  and 
for  themselves,  the  prerogatives  and  powers  wrested 
from  Crown  and  Parliament.  It  condensed  Magna 
Charter,  the  Petition  of  Rights,  the  great  body 
of  English  liberties  embodied  in  the  common  law 
and  accumulated  in  the  decisions  of  the  Courts,  the 
Statutes  of  the  realm,  and  an  undisputed  though 
unwritten  Constitution ;  but  this  original  principle 
and  dynamic  force  of  the  people's  power  sprang 
from  these  old  seeds  planted  in  the  virgin  soil  of 
the  New  World. 

More  clearly  than  any  statesman  of  the  period,  did 
Thomas  Jefferson  grasp' and  divine  the  possibilities  of 
Popular  Government.  He  caught  and  crystallized  the 
spirit  of  free  Institutions.  His  philosophical  mind  was 
singularly  free  from  the  power  of  precedents  or  the 
chains  of  prejudice.  He  had  an  unquestioning  and 
abiding  faith  In  the  people,  which  was  accepted  by  but 
few  of  his  compatriots.  Upon  his  famous  axiom,  of 
the  equality  of  all  men  before  the  law.  he  constructed 
his  sysfem.  It  was  the  trin-hammer  essential  for  the 
emergency  to  break  the  links  binding  the  Colonies  to 
Imperial  authority,  and  to  pulverize  the  privileges  of 
caste.  It  inspired  him  to  write  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  and  persuaded  him  to  doubt  the  wisdom 
of  the  powers  concentrated  in  the  Constitution.  In 
his  passionate  love  of  liberty  he  became  Intensely 
jealous  of  authority.  He  destroyed  the  substance  of 
royal  prerogative,  but  never  emerged  from  its  shadow. 
He  would  have  the  States  as  the  guardians  of  populai 
rights,  and  the  barriers  against  centralization,  and  he 
saw  In  the  growing  power  of  the  Nation  ever-increasing 
i  encroachments  upon  the  rights  of  the  people.  For 
!  the  success  of  the  pure  democracy  which  must  precede 
Presidents  and  Cabinets  and  Congresses,  It  was,  per- 
I  haps,  providential  that  Its  apostle  never  believed  a 


42 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


great  people  could  grant  and  still  retain,  could  give  and 
at  will  reclaim,  could  delegate  and  yet  firmly  hold  the 
authority  -which  ultimately  created  the  power  of  their 
Republic  and  enlarged  the  scope  of  their  own  liberty. 

Where  this  master-mind  halted,  all  stood  still 
The  necessity  for  a  permanent  Union  was  apparent, 
but  each  State  must  have  hold  upon  the  bowstring 
which  encircled  Its  throat.  It  was  admitted  that 
union  gave  the  machinery  required  successfully  to 
fight  the  common  enemy,  but  yet  there  was  'fear 
that  it  might  become  a  Frankenstein  and  destroy  its 
creators.  Thus  patriotism  and  fear,  difticulties  of 
communication  between  dJstant  communities,  and  the 
Intense  growth  of  provincial  pride  and  interests,  led 
this  Congress  to  frame  the  Articles  of  Confederation, 
happily  termed  the  League  of  Friendship.  The 
result  was  not  a  government,  but  a  ghost.  By  this 
scheme  the  American  people  were  Ignored  and  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  reversed.  Tl«o  States, 
by  their  legislatures,  elected  delegates  to  Congress,  and 
the  delegate  represented  the  sovereignty  of  his 
commonwealth.  All  the  States  had  an  equal  voice 
without  regard  to  their  size  or  population.  It  re 
quired  the  vote  of  nine  States  to  pass  any  bill,  and 
five  could  block  the  wheels  of  Government.  Con 
gress  uad  none  of  the  powers  essential  to  sovereignty. 
It  could  neither  levy  taxes  nor  impose  duties  nor 
collect  excise.  For  the  support  of  the  army  and 
navy,  for  the  purposes  of  war,  for  the  preservation 
of  its  own  functions,  it  could  only  call  upon  the 
States,  but  It  possessed  no  power  to  enforce  Its 
demands.  It  had  no  President  or  executive  authority, 
no  Supreme  Court  with  general  jurisdiction,  and.  no 
National  power.  Each  of  the  thirteen  States  had  sea 
ports  and  levied  discriminating  duties  against  the 
others,  and  could  also  tax  and  thus  prohibit  Inter 
state  commerce  across  Its  territory.  Had  the  Con 
federation  been  a  Union  instead  of  a  League,  it  could 
have  raised  and  equipped  three  times  the  number 
of  men  contributed  by  reluctant  States,  and  con 
quered  independence  without  foreign  assistance.  This 
paralyzed  Government,  without  strength,  because  it 
could,  not  enforce  its  decrees ;  without  credit,  because 
It  could  pledge  nothing  for  the  payment  of  Its  debts; 
without  respect,  because  without  inherent  authority ; 
would,  by  Its  feeble  life  and  early  death,  have  added 
another  to  the  historic  tragedies  which  have  In  many 
lands  marked  the  suppression  of  freedom,  had  it  not 
been  saved  by  the  Intelligent,  inherited  and  invincible 
understanding  of  liberty  by  the  people,  and  the  genius 
and  patriotism  of  their  leaders. 

WEAKNESS  DEVELOPED  BY  PEACE. 

But.  while  the  perils  of  war  had  given  temporary 
strength  to  the  Confederation,  peace  developed  its 
fatal  weakness.  It  derived  no  authority  from  the 
people,  and  could  not  appeal  to  them.  Anarchy 
threatened  its  existence  at  home,  and  contempt  met 
its  representatives  abroad.  "  Can  you  fulfil  or  enforce 
the  obligations  of  the  treaty  on  your  part  if  we  sign  one 
with  you?"  was  the  sneer  of  the  Courts  of  the  Old 
World  to  our  Ambassadors.  Some  States  gave  a  half 
hearted  support  to  Its  demands ;  others  defied  them. 
The  loss  of  public  credit  was  speedily  followed  by 
Universal  bankruptcy.  The  wildest  fantasies  as 
sumed  the  force  of  serious  measures  for  the  relief  of 
the  general  distress.  States  passed  exclusive  and- 
hostile  laws  against  each  other,  and  riot  and  disorder 
threatened  the  disintegration  of  society.  "  Our  stock 
is  stolen,  our  houses  are  plundered,  our  farms  are 
raided."  cried  a  delegate  in  the  Massachusetts  Conven 
tion  ;  "despotism  is  better  than  anarchy!"  To  raise 
four  millions  of  dollars  a  year  was  beyond  the  resouices 
of  the  Government,  and  $300,000  was  the  limit  of  the 
loan  it  could  secure  from  the  money-lenders  of  Europe. 
Even  Washington  exclaimed  In  despair:  "I  see  one 
head  gradually  changing  into  thirteen  ;  I  see  one  army 
gradually  branching  into  thirteen;  which,  Jus  toad  of 
looking  up  to  Congress  as  the  supreme  controlling 
power,  are  considering  themselves  as  depending  on 
their  respective  States."  And  later,  when  In 
dependence  had  been  won,  the  Impotency  of  the 
Government  wrung  from  him  the  exclamation:  "After 
gloriously  and  successfully  contending  against  the 
usurpation  of  Great  Britain,  we  may  fall  a  prey  to  our 
own  folly  and  disputes." 

But  even  through  this  Cimmerian  darkness  shot  a 
flame  which  Illuminated  the  coming  century  and  kept 
bright  the  beacon  fires  of  liberty.  The  archi 
tects  of  constitutional  freedom  formed  their  insti 
tutions  with  wisdom  which  forecasted  the  future.  They 
may  not  have  understood  at  first  the  whole  truth,  but. 
for  that  which  they  knew,  they  had  the  martyrs'  spirit 


and  the  crusaders'  enthusiasm.  Though  the  Confedera 
tion  was  a  Government  of  checks  without  balances, 
and  of  purpose  without  power,  the  statesmen  who 
guided  it  demonstrated  often  the  resistless  force  of 
great  souls  animated  by  tho  purest  patriotism,  and 
unite*!  in  Judgment  and  effort  to  promote  the  common 
good,  by  loiiy  appeals  and  high  reasoning,  to  elevate 
the  masses  above  local  greed  and  apparent  self-interest 
to  their  own  broad  plane. 

The  most  significant  triumph  of  these  moral  and 
intellectual  forces  was  that  which  secured  the  assent 
of  the  Stales  to  the  limitation  of  their  boundaries, 
to  the  grant  of  the  wilderness  beyond  them  to  the 
general  Government,  and  to  the  insertion  in  the 
ordinance  erecting  the  Northwest  Territories  of  the 
immortal  proviso  prohibiting  "slavery  or  involuntary 
servitude"  within  all  that  broad  domain.  The  States 
carved  out  of  this  splendid  concession  were  noti  sov 
ereignties  which  had  successfully  rebelled,  but  they 
were  the  children  of  the  Union,  born  of  the  covenant 
and  thrilled  with  its  life  and  liberty.  They  became  the 
bulwarks  of  Nationality  and  the  buttresses  of  freedom. 
Their  preponderating  strength  first  checked  and  then 
broke  the  slave  power,  their  fervid  loyalty  halted  and 
held  at  bay  the  spirit  of  State  rights  and  secession 
for  generations ;  and  when  the  crisis  came.  It  was 
with  their  overwhelming  assistance  that  the  Nation 
killed  and  buried  its  enemy.  The  corner-stone  of  the 
edifice  whose  centenary,  we  are  celebrating  was  tho 
ordinance  of  1787.  It  was  constructed  by  the  feeblest 
of  Congresses,  but  few  enactments  of  ancient  or 
modern  times  have  had  more  far-reaching  or  beneficent, 
influence.  It  is  one  of  the  subltmest  paradoxes  of 
history,  that  this  weak  Confederation  of  States  should 
have  welded  the  chain,  against  which,  after  seventy- 
four  years  of  fretful  efforts  for  release,  Its  own  spirit 
frantically  dashed  and  died. 

A    WARNING-   FROM    WASHINGTON. 

The  povprnment;  of  the  Republic  by  a  Congress  of 
States,  a  diplomatic  convention  of  the  ambassadors 
of  petty  commonwealths,  after  seven  years'  trial, 
was  failing  asunder.  Threatened  with  civil  war 
among  its  members,  insurrection  and  lawlessness  rife 
within  the  States,  foreign  commerce  ruined  and  In 
ternal  trade  paralyzed.  Its  currency  worthless,  its 
merchants  bankrupt,  its  farms  mortgaged,  Its  markets 
closed,  its  labor  unemployed,  It  was  like  a  helpless 
wreck  upon  the  ocean,  tossed  about  by  the  tides  and 
ready  to  be  engulfed  in  the  storm.  Washington  gave 
the  warning  and  called  for  action.  It  was  a  voice  ac 
customed  to  command,  but,  now  entreating.  The 
veterans  of  the  war  and  the  statesmen  of  the  Revolu 
tion  stepped  to  the  front.  The  patriotism  which  had 
been  misled  but  had  never  faltered,  rose  above  the 
Interests  of  States  and  the  jealousies  of  jarring  con 
federates  to  find  the  basis  for  Union.  "It  is  clear 
to  me  as  A  B,  C,"  said  Washington,  "  that  an  ex 
tension  of  Federal  powers  would  make  us  one  of  the 
most  happy,  wealthy,  respectable  and  powerful  nations 
that  ever  Inhabited  the  terrestrial  globe.  Without 
them  we  shall  soon  be  everything  which  is  the  direct 
reverse.  I  predict  the  worse  consequences  from  a 
half-starved  limping  Government,  always  moving 
upon  crutches,  and  tottering  at  every  step."  The 
response  of  the  country  was  the  Convention  of  3787, 
at  Philadelphia.  The  Declaration  of  Independence 
was  but  the  vestibule  of  the  temple  which  this  Illus 
trious  assembly  erected.  With  no  successful  prece 
dents  to  guide/ it  auspiciously  worked  out  the  problem 
i  of  constitutional  government,  and  of  Imperial  power 
and  homo  rule,  supplementing  each  other  In  promot 
ing  tho  grandeur  of  the  Nation  and  preserving  tho 
liberty  of  the  individual. 

The  deliberations  of  great  councils  have  vitally 
affected,  at  different  periods,  the  history  of  the  world 
and  the  fate  of  empires ;  but  this  Congress  bullded, 
upon  popular  sovereignty,  Institutions  broad  enough 
to  embrace  the  continent,  and  elastic  enough  to  fit 
all  conditions  of  race  and  traditions.  The  experience 
of  a  hundred  years  has  demonstrated  for  us  the  per 
fection  of  the  work,  for  defence  against  foreign  foes 
and  for  self-preservation  against  domestic  Insurrection, 
for  limitless  expansion  In  population  and  material  de 
velopment,  and  for  steady  growth  In  Intellectual 
freedom  and  force.  Its  continuing  Influence  upon  the 
welfare  and  destiny  of  the  human  race  can  only 
be  measured  by  the  capacity  of  man  to  cultivate 
and  enjoy  the  boundless  opportunities  of  liberty  and" 
law.  The  eloquent  characterization  of  Mr.  Gladstone 
condenses  Its  merits:  "The  American  Constitution  Is 
the  most  wonderful  work  ever  struck  off  at  a  given 
time  by  tho  brain  and  purpose  of  man." 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENAIi 


43 


The  statesmen  who  composed  this  great  Senate  were 
«qual  to  their  trust.  Their  conclusions  were  the  re 
sult  of  calm  debate  and  wise  concession.  Their  char 
acter  and  abilities  were  so  pure  and  great  as  to  com 
mand  the  confidence  of  the  country  for  the  reversal  of 
the  policy  of  the  Independence  of  the  State  of  the 
power  of  the  general  Government,  which  had  hitherto 
been  the  Invariable  practice  and  almost  universal 
opinion,  and  for  the  adoption  of  the  Idea  of  the  Nation 
and  Its  supremacy. 

PROMINENT  FIGURES  IN  THE  CONVENTION. 

Towering  in  majesty  and  Influence  above  them  all 
stood  Washington,  their  President.  Beside  him  was 
the  venerable  Franklin,  who,  though  eighty-one  years 
of  age,  brought  to  the  deliberations  of  the  Convention 
the  unimpaired  vigor  and  resources  of  the  wisest 
brain,  the  most  hopeful  philosophy,  and  the  largest 
experience  of  the  times.  Oliver  Ellsworth,  afterward 
Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States,  and  the  profoundest 
Juror  In  the  country;  Robert.  Morris,  the  wonderful 
financier  of  the  Revolution,  and  Gouverneur  Morris, 
the  most  versatile  genius  of  his  period;  Roger  Sher 
man,  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  the  signers  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  and  John  Rutledge, 
Rufus  King,  Elbrldge  Gei-ry,  Edmund  Randolph  and 
the  Plnckneys,  were  leaders  of  unequalled  patriotism, 
courage,  ability  and  learning ;  while  Alexander  Hamil 
ton  and  James  Madison,  as  original  thinkers  and  con 
structive  statesmen,  rank  among  the  Immortal  few 
whose  opinions  have  for  ages  guided  Ministers  of  State, 
and  determined  the  destinies  of  nations. 

This  great  Convention  keenly  felt,  and  with  devout 
and  serene  Intelligence  met,  Its  tremendous  responsi 
bilities.  It  had  the  moi^l  support  of  the  few  whose 
aspirations  for  liberty  had  been  Inspired  or  renewed 
by  lite  triumph,  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  the 
active  hostility  of  every  Government  In  the  world. 

There  were  no  examples  to  follow,  and  the  experi 
ence  of  Its  members  led  part  of  them  to  lean  toward 
absolute  centralization  as  the  only  refuge  from  the 
anarchy  of  the  Confederation,  while  the  rest  clung  to 
the  sovereignty  of  the  States,  for  fear  that  the  con 
centration  of  power  would  end  In  the  absorption  of 
liberty.  The  large  States  did  not  want  to  surrender 
the  advantage  of  their  position,  and  the  smaller  States 
saw  the  danger  to  their  existence.  Roman  conquest 
and  assimilation  had  strewn  tLe  shores  of  time  with 
the  wrecks  of  empires,  and  plunged  civilization  into  the 
perils  and  horrors  of  the  dark  ages.  The  Government 
of  Cromwell  was  the  isolated  power  of  the  mightiest 
man  of  his  age,  without  popular  authority  to  fill  his 
place  or  the  hereditary  principle  to  protect  his  suc 
cessor.  The  past  furnished  no  light  for  our  State 
builders,  the  present  was  full  of  doubt  and  despair. 
The  future,  the  experiment  of  self-government,  the 
perpetuity  and  development  of  freedom,  almost  the 
destiny  of  mankind,  was  In  their  hands. 

At  this  crisis  the  courage  and  confidence  needed 
to  originate  a  system  weakened.  The  temporizing 
spirit  of  compromise  seized  the  Convention  with  the 
alluring  proposition  of  not  proceeding  faster  than  the 
people  could  be  educated  to  follow.  The  cry  :  "  Let 
us  not  waste  our  labor  upon  conclusions  which  will 
not  be  adopted,  but  amend  and  adjourn,"  was  assum 
ing  startling  unanimity.  But  the  supreme  force  and 
majestic  sense  of  Washington  brought  the  assemblage 
to  the  lofty  plane  of  Its  duty  and  opportunity.  lie 
said  :  '•  It  is  too  probable  that  no  plan  we  propose 
will  be  adopted.  Perhaps  another  dreadful  conflict 
Is  to  be  sustained.  If  to  please  the  people  we  offer 
what  we  ourselves  disapprove,  how  can  we  afterward^ 
defend  our  work?  Let  us  raise  a  standard  to  which 
the  wise  and  honest  can  repair;  the  event  is  In  the 
hands  of  God."  I  am  the  State,"  said  Louis  the 
Fourteenth,  but  his  line  ended  In  the  grave  of  absolut 
ism.  "  Forty  centuries  look  down  upon  you,"  was 
Napoleon's  address  to  his  army  in  the  shadow  of  the 
Pyramids,  but  his  soldiers  saw  only  the  dream  of 
Eastern  Empire  vanish  in  blood.  Statesmen  and 
parliamentary  leaders  have  sunk  Into  oblivion  or  led 
their  party  to  defeat,  by  surrendering  their  convictions 
to  the  passing  passions  of  the  hour,  but  Washington 
In  this  Immortal  speech  struck  the  keynote  of  repre 
sentative  obligation,  and  propounded  the  fundamental 
principle  of  the  purity  and  perpetuity  of  constitutional 
government. 

THE  POWER  OF  THE  PEOPLE  RECOGNIZED. 

Freed  from  the  limitations  of  its  environment, 
and  the  question  of  the  adoption  of  Its  work,  the 
Convention  erected  Its  government  upon  the  eter 
nal  foundations  of  the  power  of  the  people.  It 


dismissed  the  delusive  theory  of  a  compact  between 
Independent  States,  and  derived  National  power 
from  the  people  of  the  United  States.  It  broke  up 
the  machinery  of  the  Confederation  and  put  In 
practical  operation  the  glittering  generalities  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence.  From  chaos  came 
order,  from  Insecurity  came  safety,  from  disintegra 
tion  and  civil  war  came  law  and  liberty,  with  the 
principle  proclaimed  In  the  preamble  of  the  great 
charter,  "We,  the  People  of  the  United  States,  In 
order  to  form  a  more  perfect  union,  establish  jus 
tice,  insure  domestic  tranqulllty,  provide  for  the 
common  defence,  promote  the  general  welfare,  and 
secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our 
posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitu 
tion  for  the  United  States."  With  a  wfsdom  In 
spired  of  God,  to  work  out  upon  this  continent  the 
liberty  of  man,  they  solved  the  problem  of  the  ages 
by  blending  and  yet  preserving  local  self-government 
with  National  authority,  and  the  rights  of  the  States 
with  the  majesty  and  power  of  the  Republic.  The 
government  of  the  States,  under  the  Articles  of 
Confederation,  became  bankrupt  because  It  could 
not  raise  four  millions  of  dollars ;  the  Government 
of  the  Union,  under  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  raised  six  thousand  millions  of  dollars,  Its 
credit  growing  firmer  as  its  power  and  resources  were 
demonstrated.  The  Congress  of  the  Confederation 
fled  from  a  regiment  which  It  could  not  pay ;  the 
Congress  of  the  Union  reviewed  the  comrades  of  a 
million  of  Its  victorious  soldiers,  saluting,  as  they 
marched,  the  flag  of  the  Nation,  whose  supremacy 
they  had  sustained.  The  promises  of  the  Confederacy 
were  the  scoff  of  its  States ;  the  pledge  of  the  Republic 
was  the  honor  of  its  people. 

The  Constitution,  which  was  to  be  strengthened  by 
the  strain  of  a  century,  to  be  a  mighty  conqueror 
without  a  subject  province,  to  triumphantly  survive 
the  greatest  of  civil  wars  without  the  confiscation  of 
an  estate  or  the  execution  of  a  political  offender,  to 
create  and  grant  home  rule  and  State  sovereignty  to 
twenty -nine  additional  commonwealths,  and  yet  enlarge 
Its  scope  and  broaden  its  power,  and  to  make  the 
name  of  an  American  citizen  a  title  of  honor  through 
out  the  world,  came  complete  from  this  great  conven 
tion  to  the  people  for  adoption.  As  Hancock  rose 
from  his  seat  In  the  old  Congress,  eleven  years  before, 
to  sign  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  Franklin  saw 
emblazoned  on  the  back  of  the  President's  chair  the 
sun  partly  above  the  horizon,  but  it  seemed  setting  In 
a  blood-red  sky.  During  the  seven  years  of  the  Con 
federation  he  had  gathered  no  hope  from  the  glittering 
emblem,  but  now  as  with  clear  vision  he  beheld  fixed 
upon  eternal  foundations  the  enduring  structure  of 
constitutional  liberty,  pointing  to  the  sign,  he  forgot 
his  eighty- two  years,  and  with  the  enthusiasm  of  youth 
electrified  the  convention  with  the  declaration: 
"  Now  I  know  that  It  Is  the  rising  sun." 

The  pride  of  the  States  and  the  ambition  of  their 
leaders,  sectional  jealousies  and  the  overwhelming  dis 
trust  of  centralized  power,  were  all  arrayed  against 
the  adoption  of  the  Constitution.  North  Carolina  and 
Rhode  Island  refused  to  join  the  Union  until  long  after 
Washington's  Inauguration.  For  months  New- York  was 
debatable  ground.  Her  territory  extending  from  the 
sea  to  the  lakes  made  her  the  keystone  of  the  arch. 
Had  Arnold's  treason  In  the  Revolution  not  been  foiled 
by  the  capture  of  Andre,  England  would  have  held 
New-York  and  subjugated  the  Colonies,  and  in  this 
crisis,  unless  New- York  assented,  a  hostile  and  power 
ful  commonwealth  dividing  the  Stales  made  the  Union 
Impossible. 

A  TRIBUTE  TO  THE  GENIUS  OF  HAMILTON. 

Success  was  due  to  confidence  in  Washington  and  the 
genius  of  Alexander  Hamilton.  Jefferson  was  the 
Inspiration  of  Independence,  but  Hamilton  was  the 
incarnation  of  the  Constitution.  In  no  age  or  country 
has  there  appeared  a  more  precocious  or  amazing 
intelligence  than  Hamilton.  At  seventeen  he  an 
nihilated  the  president  of  his  college  upon  the  question 
of  the  rights  of  the  Colonies  in  a  series  of  anonymous 
articles  which  were  credited  to  the  ablest  men  In  the 
country ;  at  forty-seven,  when  he  died,  his  briefs  had 
become  the  law  of  the  land,  and  his  fiscal  system  was, 
and  after  a  hundred  years  remains,  the  rule  and  policy 
of  our  Government.  He  gave  life  to  the  corpse  of 
National  credit,  and  the  strength  for  self-possession 
and  aggressive  power  to  the  Federal  Union.  Both  as 
an  expounder  of  the  principles  and  an  administrator 
of  the  affairs  of  government  he  stands  supreme  and 
unrivalled  in  American  history.  His  eloquence  was  so 


44 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


magnetic,  his  language  so  clear  and  his  reasoning  so 
Irresistible,  that  he  swayed  with  equal  ease  popular 
assemblies,  grave  senates  and  learned  judges.  He 
captured  the  people  of  the  whole  country  for  the  Con 
stitution  by  his  papers  in  "The  Federalist,"  and  con 
quered  the  hostile  majority  In  the  New-York  conven 
tion  by  the  splendor  of  his  oratory. 

But  the  multitudes  whom  no  argument  could  con 
vince,  who  saw  In  the  executive  power  and  central 
ized  force  of  the  Constitution,  under  another  name, 
the  dreaded  usurpation  of  king  and  ministry,  were 
satisfied  only  with  the  assurance,  "  Washington  will 
be  President."  "  Good,"  cried  John  Lamb,  the  able 
leader  of  the  Sons  of  Liberty,  as  ho  dropped  his  oppo 
sition  ;  "  for  to  no  other  mortal  would  I  trust  author 
ity  so  enormous."  "  Washington  will  bo  President" 
was  the  battle-cry  of  the  Constitution.  It  quieted 
alarm  and  gave  confidence  to  the  timid  and  courage 
to  the  weak.  The  country  responded  with  enthusi 
astic  unanimity,  but  the  Chief  with  the  greatest  reluc 
tance.  In  the  supreme  moment  of  victory,  when  the 
world  expected  him  to  follow  the  precedents  of  the 
past  and  perpetuate  the  power  a  grateful  country 
would  willingly  have  left  In  his  hands,  he  had  resigned 
and  retired  to  Mount  Vernon  to  enjoy  in  private  sta 
tion  his  well-earned  rest.  The  convention  created  by 
his  exertions  to  prevent,  as  he  said.  "  the  decline  of 
our  Federal  dignity  Into  Insignificant  and  wretched 
fragments  of  Empire,"  had  called  him  to  preside  over 
Its  deliberations.  Its  work  made  possible  the  realiza 
tion  of  his  hope  that  "  we  might  survive  as  an  Inde 
pendent  Republic,"  and  again  he  sought  the  seclusion 
of  his  home.  But.  after  the  triumph  of  the  war  and 
the  formation  of  the  Constitution,  came  the  third  and 
final  crisis ;  the  Initial  movements  of  government 
which  were  to  teach  the  Infant  State  the  steadier  steps 
of  empire. 

He  alone  could  stay  assault  and  Inspire  confidence 
while  the  great  and  complicated  machinery  of  organized 
government  was  put  in  order  and  set  in  motion.  Doubt 
existed  nowhere  except  In  his  modest  and  unambitious 
heart.  "  My  movements  to  the  chair  of  government," 
he  said,  "  will  be-  accompanied  by  feelings  not  unlike 
those  of  a  culprit  who  Is  going  to  the  place  of  hla 
execution.  So  unwilling  am  I.  in  the  evening  of  life, 
nearly  consumed  In  public  cares,  to  quit  a  peaceful 
abode  for  an  ocean  of  difficulties,  without  that  com- 
potency  of  political  skill,  abilities  and  inclination, 
which  are  necessary  to  manage  the  helm."  His  whole 
life  had  been  spent  In  repeated  sacrifices  for  his  coun 
try's  welfare,  and  he  did  not  hesitate  now.  though 
there  Is  an  undertone  of  inexpressible  sadness  in  this 
entry  In  his  diary  on  the  night  of  his  departure: 
"  About  10  o'clock  I  bade  adieu  to  Mount  Vernon,  to 
private  life,  and  to  domestic  fellrlly,  and  with  a  mind 
oppressed  with  more  anxious  and  painful  sensations 
than  I  have  words  to  express,  set  out  for  New. York 
with  the  best  disposition  to  render  service  to  my 
country  In  obedience  to  Its  call,  but  with  less  hope 
of  answering  Its  expectations." 

WASHINGTON'S  TRIUMPHAL  JOURNEY. 

No  conqueror  was  ever  accorded  such  a  triumph,  no 
ruler  ever  accorded  such  a  welcome.  In  this  memor 
able  march  of  six  days  to  the  Capital,  it  was  the  pride 
of  States  to  accompany  him  wlfcli  the  masses  of  their 
people  to  their  borders,  that  the  citizens  of  the  next 
commonwealth  might  escort  him  through  its  territory. 
It  was  the  glory  of  cities  to  receive  him  with  every 
civic  honor  at  their  gates,  ajid  entertain  him  as  the 
savior  of  their  liberties.  He  rode  under  triumphal 
arches  from  which  children  lowered  laurel  wreaths 
upon  his  brow.  The  roadways  were  strewn  with 
flowers,  and  as  they  were  crushed  beneath  his  horse's 
hoofs,  their  sweet  Incense  wafted  to  heaven  the  ever- 
ascending  prayers  of  his  loving  countrymen  for  his 
life  and  safety.  The  swelling  anthem  of  gratitude 
and  reverence  greeted  and  followed  him  along  the 
country  side  and  through  the  crowded  streets:  "Long 
live  George  Washington  I  Long  live  the  Father  of  his 
people  1" 

His  entry  into  New- York  was  worthy  the  city  and 
State.  He  was  met  by  tho  chief  officers  of  the  re 
tiring  government  of  the  country,  by  the  Governor 
of  the  commonwealth,  and  tlie  whole  population. 
This  superb  harbor  was  alive  with  fleets  and  flags, 
and  the  ships  of  other  nations  with  salutes  from  their 
guns,  and  the  cheers  of  their  crews  added  to  the  joy 
ous  acclaim.  But  as  th™  captains  who  had  asked 
the  privilege,  bending  proudly  to  their  oars,  rowed 
the  President's  barge  swiftly  through  thesn  Inspiring 
scenes,  Washington's  mind  and  heart  were  full  of 
reminiscence  and  foreboding. 

He  had  visited  New- York  thlrtv-three  years  before. 
also  In  th«  month  of  April,  in  the  full  perfection  of 


his  early  manhood,  fresh  from  Braddock's  bloody 
field,  and  wearing  the  only  laurels  of  the  battle,  bear 
ing  the  prophetic  blessing  of  tbe  venerable  President 
Davles,  of  Princeton  College,  as  "  That  heroic  youth 
Colonel  Washington,  whom  I  cannot  but  hope  Provi 
dence  has  hitherto  preserved  in  so  signal  a  manner 
for  some  important  service  to  the  country."  It  was 
a  fair  daughter  of  our  State  whose  smiles  allured  him 
here,  and  whose  coy  confession  that  her  heart  was 
another's  recorded  his  only  failure  and  saddened  his 
departure.  Twenty  years  passed,  and  he  stood  be 
fore  the  New-York  Congress,  on  this  very  spot,  the 
unanimously  chosen  Commander-ln-Chlef  of  th«  Con 
tinental  Army,  urging  the  people  to  more  vigorous 
measures,  and  made  painfully  aware  of  the  increased 
desperation  of  the  struggle,  from  the  aid  to  be  given 
to  the  enemy  by  domestic  sympathizers,  when  he 
knew  that  the  same  local  military  company  which 
escorted  him  was  to  perform  the  like  service  for  the 
British  Governor  Tryon  on  his  landing  on  the  morrow. 
Returning  for  the  defence  of  the  city 
the  next  summer,  he  executed  the  retreat 
from  Long  Island,  which  secured  from  Frederick  thd 
Great1  the  opinion  that  a  great  commander  ha<l  ap 
peared,  and  at,  Harlem  Heltrhts  ho'  won  the  first, 
American  victory  of  the  Revolution,  which  gave  that 
confidence  to  our  raw  recruits  against  the  famous 
veterans  of  Europe  which  carried  our  army  triumph 
antly  through  the  war.  Six  years  more,  of  untoM 
sufferings,  of  freezing  and  starving  camps,  of  marches 
over  the  snow  by  barefooted  soldiers  to  heroic  attach 
and  splendid  victory,  of  despair  with  an  unpaid  army, 
and  of  hope  from  the  generous  assistance  of  France, 
and  peace  had  come  and  Independence  triumphed. 
As  the  last  soldier  of  the  Invading  enemy  embarks, 
Washington  at  the  head  of  the  patriot  host  enters 
the  city,  receives  the  welcome  and  gratitude  of  its 
people,  and  in  the  tavern  which  faces  us  across  the 
way,  in  silence  more  eloquent  than  speech,  and  with 
tears  which  choke  the  words,  he  bids  farewell  forever 
to  his  companions  In  arms.  Such  were  the  crowding 
memories  of  the  past  suggested  1o  Washington  In 
1789  by  his  approach  to  New-York.  But  tho  future 
had  none  of  the  splendor  of  precedent  and  brilliance 
of  promise  which  have  since  attended  the  Inaugura 
tion  of  our  Presidents.  An  untried  scheme,  adopted 
mainly  because  Its  administration  was  to  be  confided 
to  him,  was  to  be  put  In  practice.  He  knew  that 
he  was  to  be  met  at  every  step  of  constitutional 
progress  by  factions  temporarily  hushed  Into 
unanimity  by  the  terrific  fo-ce  of  the  tidal  wave 
which  was  bearing  him  to  the  President's  seat,  but 
fiercely  hostile  upon  questions  affecting  every  power 
of  nationality  and  the  existence  of  the  Federal  Gov 
ernment. 

EYES  ONLY  FOR  THE   GREAT   COMMANDER. 

Washington  was  never  dramatic,  but  cm  great  *c- 
caslons  he  not  only  rose  to  the  full  ideal  of  the 
event,  he  became  himself  the  event.  One  hundred 
years  ago  to-day,  the  procession  of  foreign  Ambassa 
dors,  of  statesmen  and  generals,  of  civic  societies  and 
military  companies,  which  escorted  him,  marched 
from  Franklin  Square  to  Pearl-st.,  through  Pearl  to 
Broad,  and  up  Broad  to  this  spot,  but  the  people  saw 
only  Washington.  As  he  stood  upon  the  steps  of 
the  old  Government  Building  here,  the  thought  must 
have  occurred  to  him  that  It  was  a  cradle  of  liberty, 
and,  as  such,  giving  a  bright  omen  for  the  future.  In 
these  halls  in  1735,  in  the  trial  of  John  Zenger,  had 
been  established,  for  the  first  time  In  Its  history,  the 
liberty  of  the  press.  Here  the  New-York  Assembly,  in 
1764,  made  the  protest  against  the  Stamp  Act.  and 
proposed  the  General  Conference,  which  was  the  be- 
ginning  of  united  Colonial  action.  In  this  old  State 
House,  In  1705,  the  Stamp  Act  Congress,  the  first  and 
the  father  of  American  Congresses,  assembled  and  t>re- 
sented  to  the  English  Government  that  vigorous  pro 
test  which  caused  the  repeal  of  the  Act  and  checked 
the  first  step  toward  the  usurpation  which  lost  the 
American  colonies  to  the  British  Empire.  Within 
these  walls  the  Congress  of  the  Confederation  had  com- 
missioned  Its  Ambassadors  abroad,  and  In  ineffectual 
efforts  at  government  had  created  the  necessity  for 
the  concentration  of  Federal  authority,  now  to  be 
consummated. 

The  first  Congress  of  the  United  States  gathered  in 
this  ancient  temple  of  liberty  greeted  Washington 
and  accompanied  him  to  the  balcony.  The  famous 
men  visible  about  him  were  Chancellor  Livingston, 
Vice-President  John  Adams,  Alexander  Hamilton,  Gov 
ernor  Clinton,  Roger  Sherman,  Richard  Henry  Lee, 
General  Knnx  and  Baron  Steuben.  But  we  believe  that 
among  the  Invisible  host  above  him,  at  this  supreme 
moment  of  the  culmination  in  permanenjb  triumph 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


45 


of  the  thousands  of  years  of  struggle  for  self-govern 
ment,  were  the  spirits  of  the  soldiers  of  the  Revolution 
who  had  died  that  their  country  might  enjoy  this  blessed 
day,  and  with  them  were  the  Barons  of*  Runnymede 
and  William  the  Silent,  and  Sidney  and  Russell,  and 
Cromwell  and  Hampden  and  the  heroes  and  martyrs 
of  liberty  ol  every  race  and  age. 

As  he  came  forward,  the  multitude  In  the  streets, 
In  the  windows  and  on  the  roofs  sent  up  such  a 
rapturous  shout  that  Washington  sat  down  overcome 
with  emotion.  As  he  slowly  rose  and  his  tall  and 
majestic  form  again  appeared,  the  people,  deeply  ; 
affected,  In  awed  silence  viewed  the  scene.  yho 
Chancellor  solemnly  read  to  him  the  oath  of  office,  and 
Washington,  repeating,  said:  "I  do  solemnly  swear 
that  I  will  faithfully  execlito  the  office  of  President 
of  the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability, 
preserve,  protect  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States."  Then  he  reverently  bent  low  and 
kissed  the  Bible,  uttering  with  profound  emotion  :  "  So 
help  me,  God."  The  Chancellor  waved  his  robes 
and  shouted:  "It  Is  done:  long  live  George  Wash 
ington,  President  of  the  United  States  :"  "  Long  live 
George  Washington,  our  first  President!"  was  the 
answering  cheer  of  the  people,  and  from  the  belfries 
rang  the  bells,  and  from  forts  and  ships  thundered 
the  cannon,  echoing  and  repeating  the  cry  with  respond 
ing  acclaim  all  over  the  land:  "Long  live  George 
Washington,  President  of  the  United  States  !" 

THE  ABSOLUTE  TRIUMPH  OF  THE  REPUBLIC. 

The  simple  and  Imposing  ceremony  over,  the  In 
augural  read,  the  blessing  of  God  prayerfully  petitioned 
In  old  St.  Paul's,  the  festivities  passed,  and  Washing 
ton  stood  alone.  No  one  else  could  take  the  helm  of 
state,  and  enthusiast  and  doubter  alike  trusted  only 
him.  The  teachings  and  habits  of  the  past  had  edu 
cated  the  people  to  faith  In  the  Independence  of  their 
States,  and  for  the  supreme  authority  of  the  new 
Government  there  stood  against  the  precedent  of  a 
century  and  the  passions  of  the  hour  little  besides  the 
arguments  of  Hamilton,  Madison  and  Jay  in  "  The  Fed 
eralist,"  and  the  judgment  of  Washington.  With  the 
first  attempt,  to  exercise  National  power  began  the 
duel  to  the  death  between  State  sovereignty,  claiming 
the  right  to  nullify  Federal  laws  or  to  secede  from  the 
Union  and  the  power  of  the  Republic  to  command  the 
resources  of  the  country,  to  enforce  Its  authority  and 
protect  its  life.  It  was  the  beginning  of  the  sixty 
years'  war  for  the  Constitution  and  the  Nation,  it 
geared  consciences,  degraded  politics,  destroyed  par 
ties,  ruined  statesmen,  and  retarded  the  advance  and 
development  of  the  country;  It  sacrificed  thousands 
of  precious  lives  and  squandered  thousands  of  millions 
of  money  ;  it  desolated  the  fairest  portion  of  the  land 
and  carried  mourning  Into  every  home  North  and 
South;  but  It  ended  at  Appomattox  In  the  absolute 
triumph  of  the  Republic. 

Posterity  owes  to  Washington's  Administration  the 
policy  and  measures,  the  force  and  direction,  which 
made  possible  this  glorious  result.  In  giving  the 
organization  of  the  Department  of  State  and  foreign 
relations  to  Jefferson,  Ihe  Treasury  to  Hamilton,  and 
the  Supreme  Court  to  Jay,  he  selected  for  his  Cabinet 
and  called  to  his  assistance  the  ablest  and  most  eminent 
men  of  his  time.  Hamilton's  marvellous  versatility 
and  genius  designed  the  armory  and  the  weapons  for 
the  promotion  of  National  power  and  greatness,  but 
Washington's  steady  support  carried  them  through. 
Parties  crystallized,  and  party  passions  were  Intense, 
debates  were  Intemperate,  and  the  Union  openly 
threatened  and  secretly  plotted  against,  as  the  firm 
pressure  of  this  mighty  personality  funded  the  debt 
and  established  credit,  assumed  the  State  debts  in 
curred  In  the.  War  of  the  Revolution  and  superseded 
the  local  by  the  National  obligation,  imposed  duties  upon 
Imports  and  excise  upon  spirits,  and  created  revenue 
and  resources,  organized  a  National  Banking  system  for 
public  needs  and  private  business,  and  called  out  an 
army  to  put  down  by  force  of  arms  resistance  to  the 
Federal  Laws  Imposing  unpopular  taxes.  Upon  the 
plan  marked  out  by  the  Constitution,  this  great  archi 
tect,  with  unfailing  faith  and  unfaltering  courage, 
bullded  the  Republic.  He  gave  to  the  Government 
the  principles  of  action  and  sources  of  power  which 
carried  it  successfully  through  the  wars  with  Great 
Britain  in  1812  and  Mexico  In  1848,  which  enabled 
Jackson  to  defeat  nullification,  and  recruited  and 
equipped  millions  of  men  for  Lincoln  and  justified 
and  sustained  his  Proclamation  of  Emancipation. 

The  French  Revolution  was  the  bloody  reality  of 
Trance  and  the  nightmare  of  the  civilized  -world  The 
tyranny  of  centuries  culminated  In  frightful  reprisals 


and  reckless  revenges.  As  parties  rose  to  power  and 
passed  to  the  guillotine,  the  frenzy  of  the  revolt 
against  all  authority  reached  every  country  and 
captured  the  Imaginations  and  enthusiasm  of  millions 
In  every  land,  who  believed  they  saw  that  tho 
madness  of  anarchy,  tho  overturning  of  all  Institutions, 
the  confiscation  and  distribution  of  property,  would  end 
iu  a  millennium  for  tho  masses  and  the  universal 
brotherhood  of  man.  Enthusiasm  for  France,  our 
late  ally,  and  the  terrible  commercial  and  Industrial 
distress  occasioned  by  the  failure  of  the 
Government  under  the  Articles  of  Con. 
federation,  aroused  an  almost  unanimous 
cry  for  the  young  Republic,  not  yet  sure  of  its  own 
existence,  to  plunge  Into  the  vortex.  The  ablest  and 
purest  statesmen  of  the  time  bent  to  the  storm,  but 
Washington  was  unmoved.  He  stood  like  the  rock, 
ribbed  coast  of  a  continent  between  the  surging  billows 
of  fanaticism  and  the  child  of  his  love.  Order  Is 
Heaven's  first  law,  and  the  mind  of  Washington  was 
order.  The  Revolution  defied  God  and  derided  the 
law.  Washington  devoutly  reverenced  tho  Deity  and 
believed  liberty  impossible  without  law.  He  spoke  to 
the  sober  judgment  of  the  Nation  and  made  clear 
the  danger.  He  saved  the  Infant  Government  from 
ruin,  and  expelled  the  French  Minister  who  had  ap 
pealed  from  him  to  the  people.  The  whole  land,  seeing 
safety  only  In  his  continuance  In  office,  joined  Jeffer 
son  in  urging  him  to  accept  a  second  term.  «  North 
and  South,"  pleaded  the  Secretary,  "  will  hang  together 
while  they  have  you  to  hang  to." 

MANY  ELEMENTS  EMBODIED  IN  ONE  MAN. 

No  man  ever  stood  for  so  much  Co  his  country  a*nd 
to  mankind  as  George  Washington.  Hamilton,  Jef 
ferson  and  Adams,  Madison  and  Jay,  each  represented 
some  of  the  elements  which  formed  the  Union.  Wash- 
ington  embodied  them  all.  They  fell  at  times  under 
popular  disapproval,  were  burned  In  effigy,  were 
stoned,  but  he,  with  unerring  judgment,  was  always 
the  leader  of  the  people.  Milton  said  of  Cromwell, 
"  that  war  made  him  great,  peace  greater."  The 
superiority  of  Washington's  character  aud  genius  were 
more  conspicuous  in  the  formation  of  our  Government 
and  In  putting  It  on  indestructible  foundations  than 
in  leading  armies  to  victory  and  conquering  the  In 
dependence  of  his  country.  "  The  Union  in  any 
event,"  is  the  central  thought  of  his  farewell  address, 
and  all  the  years  of  his  grand  life  were  devoted  to 
Its  formation  and  preservation.  He  fought  as  a  youth 
with  Braddock  and  in  the  capture  of  Fort  Du  Quesne  for 
the  protection  of  the  whole  country.  As  Commander- 
in-Chief  of  the  Continental  Army,  his  commission  wj*5 
from  the  Congress  of  the  United  Colonies.  He  In 
spired  the  movement  for  t,he  Republic,  was  the  presi 
dent  and  dominant  spirit  of  the  Convention  whlcri 
framed  Its  Constitution,  and  Its  President  for  eight 
years,  and  guided  Its  course  until  satisfied  that  moving 
safely  along  the  broad  highway  of  time,  ID  would  be 
surely  ascending  toward  the  first  place  amone  the 
nations  of  the  world,  the  asylum  of  the  oppressed,  the 
home  of  the  free. 

Do  his  countrymen  exaggerate  his  virtues?  Listen 
to  Gnlzot,  the  historian  of  civilization:  "Washington 
did  the  two  greatest  thines  which  In  politics  it  i<?  per 
mitted  to  man  to  attempt  He  maintained  by 
peace  the  Independence  of  his  country  which  he  con 
quered  by  war.  He  founded  a  free  government  In  the 
name  of  the  principles  of  order  and  by  re-establish  Ins 
their  sway."  Hear  Lord  Ersldne.  the  most,  famous 
of  English  advocate?:  "You  are  the  only  belns  for 
whom  I  have  an  awful  reverence."  Remember  the 
tribute  of  Charles  James  Fox,  tho  greatest  parliamen 
tary  orator  who  ever  swayed  the  British  House  of 
Commons:  "Illustrious  man.  before  whom  all  bor 
rowed  greatness  sinks  Into  Insignificance."  Contem 
plate  the  character  of  Lord  Brougham,  pre-eminent 
for  two  generations  In  every  department  of  human 
activity  and  thotierht.  and  then  Impress  upon  the  rn^m- 
orles  of  your  children  his  deliberate  judgment:  "Un 
til  time  shall  be  no  more  will  a  test  of  the  nroeress 
which  our  race  has  made  In  wisdom  and  virtue  be 
derived  from  the  veneration  paid  to  the  Immortal 
name  of  Washington." 

Chatham,  who,  with  Clive.  conquered  an  Enrpfre  In 
the  East,  died  broken-hearted  at  the  loss  of  the  Empire 
in  the  West,  by  follies  which  even  his  power  and 
eloquence  could  not  prevent.  Pitt  saw  the  vast 
creations  of  his  diplomacy  shattered  at  Austerlltz.  and 
fell  murmuring:  "My  country!  how  I  leave  my 
country!"  Napoleon  caused  a  noble  tribute  to  Wash 
ington  to  be  read  at  the  head  of  his  armies,  but  unable 
to  rise  to  Washington's  greatness,  witnessed  the  vast 
structure  erected  by  conquest  and  cemented  by  blood, 


46 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


to  minister  to  his  own  ambition  and  pride,  crumble 
Into  fragments,  and  an  exile  and  a  prisoner  he  breathed 
his  last  babbling  of  battle-fields  and  carnage.  Wash- 
In  gton,  with  his  finger  upon  his  pulse,  felt  the  presence 
of  death,  and  calmly  reviewing  the  past  and  forecasting 
the  future,  answered  to  the  summons  of  the  grim 
messenger,  "It  is  well,"  and  as  his  mighty  soul 
ascended  to  God  th£L_land  was  deluged  with  tears  and 
the  world  united  in  his  eulogy.  Blot  out  from  the 
page  of  history  the  names  of  all  the  great  actors  of  his 
time  in  the  drama  of  nations,  and  preserve  the  name 
of  Washington,  and  the  century  would  be  renowned. 
NO  CLOUDS  ABOVE  AND  NO  CONVULSIONS  BE 
NEATH. 

We  stand  to-day  upon  tl.o  dividing  !lne  o«rt«ven 
the  first  and  second  century  of  Constitutional  Gov 
ernment.  There  are  no  clouds  overhead  and  no  con 
vulsions  under  our  feet.  Wo  reverently  return  thanks 
to  Almighty  God  for  the  past,  and  with  confident 
and  hopeful  promise  maich  upon  sure  ground  toward 
the  future.  The  simple  facts  of  these  hundred  years 
paralyze  the  Imagination,  and  we  contemplate  the 
vast  accumulations  of  the  century  with  awe  and 
pride.  Our  population  has  grown  from  four  to  sixty- 
five  millions.  Its  centre,  moving  westward  f.OO  miles 
since  1789,  is  eloquent  with  the  founding  of  cities 
and  the  birth  of  States.  New  settlements,  clearing 
the  forests  and  subduing  the  prairies,  and  adding  four 
millions  to  the  few  thousands  of  farms  which  were 
the  support  of  Washington's  Republic,  create  one  of 
the  great  granaries  of  the  world,  and  open  exhaust- 
less  reservoirs  of  National  wealth. 

The  Infant  industries,  which  the  first  act  of  our  first 
Administration  sought  to  encourage,  now  give  remu 
nerative  employment  to  more  people  than  Inhabited 
the  Republic  at  the  beginning  of  Washington's  Presi 
dency.  The  grand  total  of  their  annual  output  of 
seven  thousand  millions  of  dollars  in  value  places  the 
United  States  first  among  the  manufacturing  countries 
of  the  earth.  One-half  the  total  mileage  of  all  the 
railroads,  and  one-quarter  of  all  the  telegraph  lines  of 
the  world  within  our  borders,  testify  to  the  volume, 
variety  and  value  of  an  Internal  commerce  which  makes 
these  States,  if  need  be,  independent  and  self-support 
ing.  These  hundred  years  of  development  under 
favoring  political  conditions  have  brought  the  sum  ot 
our  National  wealth  to  a  tigui-o  \vhicli  jias  passed  tbe 
results  of  a  thousand  years  for  the  Mother-land  her 
self,  otherwise  the  richest  of  modern  empires. 

During  tliis  generation,  a  civil  war  of  unequalled 
magnitude  caused  the  expenditure  and  loss  oJ:  eight 
thousand  millions  of  dollars,  and  killed  600,000  and 
permanently  disabled  over  a  million  young  men,  and 
yet  the  imijetuous  progress  of  the  North  and  the 
marvellous  industrial  development  of  the  new  and 
free  South  have  obliterated  the  evidences  of  destruction, 
and  made  the  war  a  memory,  and  have  stimulated 
production  until  our  annual  surplus  nearly  equals  thai 
of  England.  France  and  Germany  combined.  The 
teeming  millions  of  Asia  till  the  patient  soil  and  work 
the  shuttle  and  loom  as  their  fathers  have  done  for 
ages ;  modern  Europe  has  felt  the  Influence  and  re 
ceived  the  benefit  of  the  Incalculable  multiplication 
of  force  by  inventive  genius  since  the  Napoleonic  wars  ; 
and  yet,  only  2G9  years  after  the  little  band  of  Pil 
grims  landed  on  Plymouth  Rock,  our  people,  number- 
Ing  less  than  one-fifteenth  of  the  inhabitants  of  th« 
globe,  do  one-third  of  Its  mining,  one  fourth  of  its 
manufacturing,  one-fifth  of  its  agriculture,  and  own 
one-sixth  of  Its  wealth. 

This  realism  of  material  prosperity,  surpassing  the 
wildest  creations  of  the  romancers  who  have  aston 
ished  and  delighted  mankind,  would  be  full  of  danger 
for  the  present  and  menace  for  the  future,  if  the 
virtue,  Intelligence,  and  Independence  of  the  people 
were  not  equal  to  the  wise  regulation  of  Its  uses  and 
the  stern  prevention  of  its  abuses.  But  following  the 
growth  and  power  of  the  great  factors,  whose  affsireaa- 
tion  of  capital  made  possible  the  tremendous  pace  of 
the  settlement  of  our  National  domain,  the  building  of 
our  great  cities  and  the  opening  of  tire  lines  of  com 
munication  which  have  unified  our  country  and  created 
our  resources,  have  come  National  and  State  legislation 
and  supervision.  Twenty  millions,  a  vast  majority  of 
our  people  of  intelligent  age,  acknowledging  the 
authority  of  their  several  churches,  12,000,000  of 
children  in  the  common  schools,  345  universities  and 


colleges  for  the  higher  education  of  men  and  200  for 
women,  450  institutions  of  learning  for  science,  law. 
medicine  and  theology,  are  the  despair  of  the  scoffer 
and  the  demagogue,  and  the  firm  support  of  civilization 
and  liberty. 

OF       AMERICAN 


GERMINATING 


INFLUENCES 
DEMOCRACY. 


Steam  and  electricity  have  changed  the  commerce 
not  only,  they  have  revolutionized  also  the  govern 
ments  of  the  world.  They  have  given  to  the  press 
its  power,  and  brought  all  races  and  nationalities  Into 
touch  and  sympathy.  They  have  tested  and  are  trying 
the  strength  of  all  systems  to  stand  the  strain  and  con 
form  to  the  conditions  which  follow  the  germinating 
influences  of  American  Democracy.  At  the  time  of 
the  Inauguration  of  Washington,  seven  royal  families 
ruled  as  many  kingdoms  in  Italy,  but  six  of  them  have 
seen  their  thrones  overturned  and  their  countries  dis 
appear  from  the  map  of  Europe.  Most  of  the  kings, 
princes,  dukes  and  margraves  of  Germany,  who 
reigned  despotically,  and  sold  their  soldiers  for  foreign 
service,  have  passed  into  history,  and  their  heirs  have 
neither  prerogatives  nor  domain.  Spain  has  gone 
through  many  violent  changes  and  the  permanency  of 
her  present  Government  seems  to  depend  upon  the 
feeble  life  of  an  infant  prince.  France,  our  ancient 
friend,  with  repeated  and  bloody  revolutions,  has  fa-led 
the  government  of  Bourbon  and  Convention,  of  Di 
rectory  and  Consulate,  of  Empire  and  Citizen  King,  of 
hereditary  Sovereign  and  Republic,  of  Empire,  and 
again  Republic.  The  Hapsburg  and  Hohenzollern,  after 
convulsions  which  have  rocked  the  foundations 
of  their  thrones,  have  been  compelled  to  con 
cede  constitutions  to  their  people  and  to  di 
vide  with  them  the  arbitrary  power  wielded 
so  autocratically  and  brilliantly  by  Maria  Theresa  and 
Frederick  the  Great.  The  ro>al  will  of  George  the 
Third  could  crowd  the  American  Colonies  into  re 
bellion,  and  wage  war  upon  them  until  they  were  lost 
to  his  Kingdom,  btit  the  authority  of  the  Crown  has 
devolved  upon  Ministers  who  hold  office  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  representatives  of  tie  people,  and  the 
equal  powers  of  the  House  of  Lords  have  been  vested 
in  the  Commons,  leaving  to  the  Peers  only  the  shadow 
of  their  ancient  privileges.  But  to-day  the  American 
people,  after  all  the  dazzling  developments  of  the 
century,  are  still  happily  living  under  the  Government 
of  Washington.  The  Constitution  during  all  tthat 
period  has  been  amended  only  upon  the  lines  laid  down 
In  the  original  instrument,  and  In  conformity  with  the 
recorded  opinions  of  the  Fathers.  The  first  great  ad 
dition  was  the  incorporation  of  a  Bill  of  Rights,  and  the 
last  the  embedding  into  the  Constitution  of  the  Im 
mortal  principle  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence— 
of  the  equality  of  all  men  before  the  law.  No  crisis 
has  been  too  perilous  for  its  powers,  no  evolution  too 
rapid  for  its  adaptation,  and  no  expansion  beyond  its 
easy  grasp  and  administration.  It  has  assimilated 
diverse  nationalities  with  warring  traditions,  customs, 
conditions  and  languages,  Imbued  them  with  its  spirit, 
and  won  their  passionate  loyalty  and  love. 

The  flower  of  the  youth  of  the  nations  of  Continental 
Europe  are  conscripted  from  productive  Industries  and 
drilling  in  camps.  Vast  armies  stand  In  battle  array 
along  the  frontiers,  and  a  Kaiser's  whim  or  a  Minister's 
mistake  may  precipitate  the  most  destructive  war  of 
modern  times.  Both  monarchical  and  republican  Gov 
ernments  are  seeking  safety  in  the  repression  and  sup 
pression  of  opposition  and  criticism.  The  volcanic 
forces  of  Democratic  aspiration  and  socialistic  revolt 
are  rapidly  increasing  and  threaten  peace  and  security. 
We  turn  from  these  gathering  storms  to  the  British 
Isles  and  find  their  people  In  the  throes  of  a  political 
crisis  Involving  the  form  and  substance  of  their  Gov 
ernment,  and  their  statesmen  far  from  confident  that 
the  enfranchised  and  unprepared  masses  will  wisely 
use  their  power. 

HAIL  TO  THE  SECOND  CENTURY. 
But  for  us  no  army  exhausts  our  resources  nor  con 
sumes  our  youth.  Our  navy  must  needs  Increase  In 
order  that  the  protecting  flag  may  follow  the  expand 
ing  commerce  which  is  successfully  to  compete  in  all 
the  markets  of  the  world.  The  sun  of  our  destiny  is 
still  rising,  and  Its  rays  Illumine  vast  territories  as 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


47 


yet  unoccupied  and  undeveloped,  and  which  are  to 
be  the  happy  homes  of  millions  of  people.  The  ques 
tions  which  affect  the  powers  of  government  and  the 
expansion  or  limitation  of  the  authority  of  the  Fed 
eral  Constitution  are-  so  completely  settled,  and  so 
unanimously  approved,  that  our  political  divisions 
produce  only  the  healthy  antagonism  of  paitles,  which 
Is  necessary  for  the  preservation  of  liberty.  Our  In 
stitutions  furnish  the  full  equipment  of  shield  and 
spear  for  the  battles  of  freedom,  and  absolute  pro 
tection  against  every  dancer  which  threatens  the 
welfare  of  the  people  will  always  bo  found  in  the 
intelligence  which  appieciates  their  value,  and  the 
courage  and  morality  with  which  their  powers  aie 
exercised.  The  spirit  of  Washington  tills  the  executive  of 
fice.  Presidents  may  not  rise  to  the  full  measure  of  his 
greatness,  but  they  must  not  fall  below  his  standard 
of  public  duty  and  obligation.  Ilis  life  and  character, 
conscientiously  studied  and  thoroughly  understood  by 
coming  generations,  will  be  for  them  a  liberal  education 
for  private  life  and  public  station,  for  citizenship  and 
patriotism,  for  love  and  devotion  to  Union  and  Liberty. 
With  their  inspiring  past  and  splendid  present,  the 
people  of  these  United  States,  heirs  of  a  hundred  years 
marvellously  rich  in  all  which  adds  to  the  glory  and 
greatness  of  a  nation,  with  an  abiding  trust  in  the 
stability  and  elasticity  of  their  Constitution,  and  an 
abounding  faith  in  themselves,  hail  the  coming  century 
with  hope  and  Joy. 

The  reader  will  be  interested  to  learn  the  par\* 
of  Mr.  Depew's  oration  which  were  heard  by  the 
3,000  or  4,000  persons  whom  his  voice  was 
powerful  enough  to  reach.  He  began  with  the 
two  introductory  paragraphs,  and  then  passed  on 
to  the  paragraph  beginning  "  More  clearly  than 
any  statesman''  ;  after  this  fine  tribute  to  Jeffer 
son  he  went  on  to  the  paragraph  beginning  "  The 
Government  of  the  Republic"  ;  then  he 
delivered  the  paragraph  beginning  "  The 
Constitution,  which  was  to  be  strengthened," 
and  the  next  paragraph  but  one,  re 
lating  to  Hamilton.  Then  a  long  leap  was  made 
to  "  The  1st  Congress  of  the  United  States." 
The  next  paragraph  used  was  that  on  "  The 
simple  and  imposing  ceremony,"  with  which  the 
first  sentence  and  the  last  two  sentences  of  the 
paragraph  were  coupled.  The  first  half  of  the 
paragraph  beginning  "  No  man  ever  stood"  was 
also  usod.  The  last  part  of  tho  oration,  boginnins: 
with  "  Chatham,  who  with  Clive,"  was  delivered 
in  full,  except  that  the  lines  from  •'  Our  popula 
tion  has  grown,"  to  "  During  this  generation," 
were  omitted,  and  also  the  sentence,  "  We  turn 
from  these  gathering  storms,"  etc. 

Mr.  Depew  spoke  for  thirty- two  minutes.  His 
peroration  was  a  model  of  lofty  and  sustained 
oratory,  and  fully  deserved  the  outburst  of 
applause  that  greeted  it.  When  he  had  finished 
some  one  in  th^  crowd  proposed  three  cheers  for 
Mr.  Depew.  They  were  given  with  a  will. 

PRESIDENT  HARRISON  SPEAKS  BRIEFLY. 

Mr.  Gerry  then  advanced  and  said,  "  Fellow- 
citizens,  the  President  of  the  United  States  will 
address  you."  General  Harrison  laid  aside  his 
hat  and  overcoat  and  stepped  forward  with  the 
same  easy  and  self-contained  manner  which  had 
marked  his  bearing  from  the  time  of  his  arrival. 
Before  he  could  begin  his  remarks  Nicholas  Fish 
proposed  three  cheers  for  him,  and  they  were 
uttered  with  great  fervor. 

Mr.  Harrison's  manner  before  an  audience  is 
admirable.  His  voice  is  strong  and  resonant,  and 
he  speaks  with  great  animation.  Feeling  perfect 
confidence  in  himself  and  likewise  thoroughly  at 
home,  he  did  not  even  glance  at  the  sheets  of 
paper  which  contained  the  notes  of  his  remarks. 
His  gestures  were  graceful  and  abundant,  and 
though  what  he  said  occupied  only  four  or  five 
minutes,  the  impression  produced  was  that  he 


is  a  master  of  the  art  of  public  speaking.  There 
was  general  regret  that  he  did  not  speak  at 
greater  length.  Here  is  what  President  Harrison 
said  on  his  first  appearance  before  a  New-York 
audience : 

Official  duty  of  a  very  exacting  character  has  made 
It  quite  impossible  that  I  should  deliver  an  address 
on  this  occasion.  Foreseeing  this,  I  early  notified  your 
committee  that  the  programme  must  not  contain  any 
address  by  me.  The  selection  of  Mr.  Depew  as  the 
orator  of  this  occasion  makes  further  speech  not  only 
difficult,  but  superfluous.  He  Las  met  the  demand  ol 
this  great  occasion  on  Its  own  high  level.  (Applause.) 
lie  has  brought  before  us  the  Incidents  and  the  lessons 
of  the  first  Inauguration  of  Washington.  We  seem  to 
have  been  a  part  of  that  admiring,  and  almost  ador 
ing,  throng  that  filled  these  streets  one  hundred  years 
ago. 

We  have  come  into  the  serious,  but  always  Inspir 
ing,  presence  of  Washington.  He  was  the  Incarna 
tion  of  duty,  and  he  teaches  us  to-day  this  great  les 
son—that  those  who  would  associate  their  names  with 
events  that,  shall  outlive  a  century,  can  only  do  so 
by  high  consecration  to  duty.  (Applause.) 

Self-seeking  has  no  public  observance  or  anni 
versary.  The  captain  who  gives  to  the  sea  his  cargo 
of  rags,  that  ho  may  give  safety  and  deliverance  to  his 
Imperilled  fellow-men,  has  fame ;  he  who  lands  the 
cargo,  has  only  wages.  (Great  applause.) 

Washington  seemed  to  come  to  the  discharge  of  the 
duties  of  his  high  office  Impressed  with  a  great  sense 
of  his  unfamiliarlty  with  these  new  calls  upon  him, 
modestly  doubtful  of  his  own  ability,  but  trusting  im 
plicitly  in  the  sustaining  helpfulness  and  grace  of  that 
God  who  rules  the  world,  presides  in  the  councils  of 
nations,  and  is  able  to  supply  every  human  defect. 

We  have  made  marvellous  progress  In  material 
things,  but  the  stately  and  enduring  shaft  that  we 
have  erected  at  the  National  Capital  at  Washington 
symbolizes  the  fact  that  he  is  still  the  First  American 
Citizen.  (Gieat  applause.) 

THE  ARCHBISHOP'S   BENEDICTION. 

In  response  to  loud  calls  for  Mr.  Morton,  the  Vice- 
President  rose  and  bowed.  The  exercises  at  the 
Sub-Treasury  were  closed  with  the  following  bene 
diction  by  Archbishop  Corrigan: 

The  grace  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  and  the  charity 
of  God  and  the  communications  of  the  Holy  Spirit  be 
with  you  all.  Amen.  And  may  the  blessing  of  God 
AJmighty,  Father,  Son  and  Holy  Ghost,  descend  on  our 
beloved  country  and  abide  with  it  forever. 

The  President  and  his  immediate  party  left  the 
platform  at  once,  in  order  to  proceed  to  the  Mad 
ison  Square  reviewing-stand  without  delay.  Other 
invited  guests  went  thither  by  the  Sixth-ave.  ele 
vated  road. 

The  Platform  Committee  consisted  of  Johnston 
Livingston  De  Peyster,  chairman;  Robert  Li.  Liv 
ingston,  W.  E.  D.  Stokes,  C.  Creighton  Webb, 
Nicholas  Fish,  Lispenard  Stewart,  William  Pierson 
Hamilton,  Charles  H.  Russell,  jr.,  Alfred  R.  Conk- 
ling,  William  Cary  Sanger,  John  Anthon,  Gardiner 
Sherman,  J.  Lawrence  Aspinwall,  Arthur  De 
Windt,  Lewis  H.  Livingston,  Charles  B.  Bleecker, 
Thomas  Jefferson  Coolidge,  jr.,  Brooks  Adams, 
Clermont  L.  Clarkson,  Frank  S.  Witherbee,  secre 
tary. 

Among  the  selections  played  by  Gilmore's  Band 
between  9  and  1 0  o'clock  were  the  "  Star-Spangled 
Banner,"  Washington's  Grand  March,  the  overture 
to  "  Semiramide,"  the  march  from  "  Tannhauser," 
"  The  Wearing  of  the  Green,"  "  Yankee  Doodle" 
and  "  Hail,  Columbia." 


48 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


THE   PRESIDENT'S  SUSY  DAY. 


STARTING  OUT  AT  AN  EAELY  HOUR 


ESCORTED    FROM    ME.    MORTON'S    HOUSE   TO   ST. 
PAUL'S  CHAPEL,  THENCE  TO  THE  SUB- 
TREASURY   AND   BACK  TO 
MADISON    SQUARE. 

As  the  service  of  praise  and  thanksgiving  at 
6t.  Paul's  Chapel  Tuesday  morning  was  at  so  eaily 
an  hour  as  9  o'clock,  the  carriage  called  at  Mr. 
Morton's  house,  No.  85  Fifth-ave.,  at  8:15  for  the 
President  and  Vice-Presldent.  Accompanied  by 
William  G.  Hamilton,  they  entered  the  carriage  while 
the  spectators  who  packed  the  sidewalks  on  both 
•ides  of  the  street  gave  hearty  cheers.  Mrs.  Harri- 
•on  and  Mrs.  Morton,  accompanied  by  Clarence  W. 
Bo  wen,  entered  the  private  carriage  of  Mr.  Morton, 
and  headed  by  an  escort  of  twenty  mounted  police 
man  under  command  of  Sergeant  William  A.  Ilevell, 
the  carriage  started  down  Fifth-ave.  The  police 
went  at  a  rapid  trot,  and  quick  time  was  made  down 
the  avenue,  Waver  ley  Place  and  to  Broadway,  the 
erowds  on  the  sidewalks  recognizing  the  President 
and  giving  him  a  continuous  round  of  cheers  all  the 
way,  to  which  he  responded  by  bowing  and  lifting 
hit  hat. 

The  party  arrived  at  the  gateway  in  Vesey-st.,  lead- 
Ing  to  the  west  entrance  to  St.  Paul's  Church,  at 
8 :50  o'clock.  Here  the  street  from  Church-st,  to 
Broadway  had  been  kept  clear  by  a  force  of  police 
under  command  of  Inspector  Steers.  The  walk  lead- 
Ing  to  the  entrance  to  the  church  had  been  canopied 
with  bunting.  At  9  o'clock,  Governor  Hill,  accom 
panied  by  Mayor  Grant  and  Colonel  Cruger,  arrived. 
The  carriage  in  which  they  rode  was  escorted  by 
Troop  A,  of  the  National  Guard,  the  newly  >rganlzed 
cavalry  corps,  under  command  of  Captain  Roe.  It 
was  ten  minutes  after  9  when  the  other  carriage 
containing  ex-President  Cleveland,  ex-President 
Hayes,  Senator  Evarts  and  Lieutenant-Governor 
Jones  reached  the  Vesey-st.  entrance. 

ON  THE  WAT  TO  THE  SUB  TREASURY. 

It  was  a  little  after  10  o'clock  when  the  services 
at  St.  Paul's  were  finished,  and  the  Presidential  and 
Centennial  parties  left  the  church.  Several  policemen 
•were  stationed  at  stately  distances  from  the  west 
porch  of  the  building,  and  in  Broadway  and  the  side 
streets  cordons  of  the  blue-coats  kept  back  the  crowds. 
There  were  comparatively  few  people  to  deal  with 
In  the  streets  which  flank  St.  Paul's,  but  the  side 
walks  of  Broadway  were  solid  masses  of  humanity. 
Venerable  Hamilton  Fish  came  out  of  the  church 
first,  with  Mayor  Grant  lightly  leaning  on  his  arm. 
Following  them  were  the  President  and  Vice-Presi 
dent,  and  then  came  the  throng  of  State  officials. 
Senators  of  the  United  States,  Judges  and  committee- 
men.  They  passed  without  regard  to  order  down 
the  long  covered  pathway  to  the  Vesey-st.  gate  to 
the  churchyard,  but  there  the  carriages  were  filled 
In  the  order  prescribed  by  the  programme.  The 
mounted  police  In  Broadway  sprang  to  their  horses,  and 
the  march  was  taken  toward  Wall-st.  A  loud  cheer 
greeted  the  Presidential  carriage  as  It  turned  into 
Broadway,  and  Mr.  Harrison  lifted  his  hat  at  brief 
Intervals,  bowing  to  the  right  and  the  left  alternately. 
The  cheers  rolled  along  as  the  procession  made  Its 
progress,  and  at  the  corner  of  PIne-st.,  where  it  turned 
Into  the  street  In  the  direction  of  the  Sub-Treasury, 
the  demonstrations  were  especially  vociferous.  The 
military  had  already  formed  for  the  start,  and  the 
commanding  officers  at  the  head  of  the  column  Just 
below  Pine-st.  saluted  as  the  party  made  the  turn. 


The  mounted  police  rode  down  Nassau-st.  to  Wall- 
st.,  and  dismounted  just  below  the  Assay  Oilice.  The 
President's  carriage  was  driven  up  tq  the  Pine-st. 
entrance  to  the  Sub-Treasury,  where  Assistant-Treas 
urer  Ellis  II.  Roberts  and  his  chief  assistants  were 
waiting  to  meet  the  President.  The  greetings  were 
brief,  and  the  President  and  other  invited  guests  were 
then  conducted  to  the  big  platform  which  had  been 
reared  on  the  Wall-st.  steps.  Representatives  of  the 
commercial  and  other  civic  bwlies  passed  up  steps 
built  along  Nassau-st,  and  in  a  short  time  the  spacious 
platform  was  well  filled. 

THE   DRIVE  TO   MADISON   SQUARE. 

After  partaking  of  a  light  luncheon  Inside  of  the 
Sub-Treasury  Building  at  the  close  of  the  exercises, 
the  members  of  the  Presidential  party  at  12  o'clock 
made  their  way  to  the  Plne-st.  entrance,  where  fifteen 
open  carriages  were  awaiting  them.  The  crowd 
cheered  and  applauded  the  President  as  he  entered 
the  first  carriage.  He  bowed  and  smiled  his  ac 
knowledgments.  He  took  the  rear  seat  on  the 
right-hand  side  and  Mayor  Grant  sat  beside  him.  On 
the  front  seat  were  General  Cochrane  and  Lieutenant 
Judson,  aide  to  the  President.  The  next  carriage 
contained  Vice- President  Morton.  Hamilton  Fish 
and  Colonel  Winchester  on  the  front  seat. 

When  the  vehicles  were  formed  in  line  in  Plne-st., 
Sergeant  Revell,  with  a  squad  of  eighteen  mounted 
policemen,  rode  at  the  head  of  the  line,  and  a  mounted 
policeman  was  stationed  as  an  escort  on  each  side  of 
the  President's  carriage.  At  12 :20  o'clock  the  pro 
cession  turned  into  Broadway  and  started  on  Its  drive 
for  the  reviewing-stand  between  the  long  lines  of 
troops  drawn  up  on  each  side  of  Broadway  ready  to 
present  arms  as  the  President  passed. 


A  GEEAT    MILITARY    PAGEANT. 


WAR  IN  ITS  GAYEST  AND  MOST  BRILLIANT 
ASPECT. 


THE  PARADE  OF  THE  TROOPS   A  SPLENDID  SUC- 

CESS-THEIR  MARCH  UPTOWN  AND  REVIEW 

BY     THE     PRESIDENT^SCENES     AT     THE 

MADISON  SQUARE  REVIEWING  STAND. 

Taken  at  any  point  in  the  long  line  of  march 
the  great  parade  of  Tuesday  was  splendidly 
effective  and  imposing.  From  Wall-st.  to  the 
Park,  one  incessant  fluttering  of  handkerchiefs, 
one  continuous  murmur  of  applause  kept  time  to 
the  beat  of  the  drum-major  and  the  step  of  the 
marching  regiments.  Every  spectator  in  the  two 
solid  walls  of  humanity  which  fenced  in  the 
route  seemed  alive  to  the  fact  that  so  various,  so 
brilliant  and  so  genuine  a  military  parade  had 
never  been  seen  before  in  New-York,  and  there 
was  on  every  side  a  lavishncss  of  applause,  of 
enthusiasm,  of  appreciation,  adequate,  certainly, 
to  the  merit  of  the  gayest  and  most  attractive 
display  of  the  holiday  side  of  war  in  the  history 
of  the  city. 

An  army  larger  than  that  first  called  into  the 
field  by  President  Lincoln  to  suppress  the 
Rebellion,  and  alongside  of  which  the  Conti 
nental  forces  in  many  a  famous  Revolutionary 
battle  seem  a  corporal's  guard,  called,  most 
of  it,  from  the  pursuits  of  peace,  yet  still  main 
taining  the  discipline  and  outward  show  of  actual 
warfare ;  glittering  ranks  of  infantry,  battalion 
after  battalion,  whose  infinite  variety  of  color 
and  movement  alone  prevented  the  tiring  of  all  the 
senses;  cavalry  and  artillery  clattering  in  their 
gorgeous  red  and  yellow  uniforms  over 
the  smooth  cobblestones ;  the  dashing  staff,  all 
lace  and  plumes;  generals  of  brigade,  generals  of 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


division,  Governors  of  States,  an  almost  endless 
file  of  the  varied  representative^  of  the  military 
strength  of  the  Nation,  gathered  to  be  reviewed 
by  its  Chief  Magistrate— all  this  combined  to  torm 
a  picture  notable  in  the  history  of  this  paciiic  Re 
public.  Add  to  the  brilliance  of  the  military 
pageant  the  pictureesqueness  of  the  crowds,  the 
decorations  in  the  streets,  the  perfect  beauty  of 
the  spring  day,  and  the  anniversary  had  filled  the 
fullest  measure  of  anticipated  success. 

THE  SCENE  IN  MADISON  SQUARE. 

Striking  as  the  parade  was  from  any  point  below 
Twenty-tTiird-st.,  its  best  and  completest  effect  had 
to  be  looked  for  in  the  three  blocks  of  the  route 
along  Madison  Square.  Here  the  reviewing-stand 
for  the  President  had  been  built,  and  here,  be 
tween  the  two  triumphal  arches  which  bridged  the 
avenue  at  Twenty-third  and  at  Twenty-sixth  sts., 
were  crowded  the  luckiest  and  most  discriminating 
critics  of  the  parade.  The  President's  stand  stood 
along  the  edge  of  the  square,  on  the  east  side  ot 
the  street,  and  stretched  from  the  junction  of 
Broadway  and  Fifth-ave.  to  just  opposite  the  Hotel 
Brunswick.  The  seats  for  the  reviewing  party 
were  on  a  raised  semi-circular  platform,  opposite 
the  Worth  Monument,  sheltered  from  the  sun  by 
a  roof  of  light  woodwork.  The  rest  of  the  stand 
was  bare  of  protection  against  the  sun,  which  beat 
down  unsparingly  on  the  dense  ranks  of  the  spec 
tators.  Opposite  was  a  shorter  stand,  running 
from  Twenty-fourth-st.  to  Twenty-fifth-st.,  rising 
back  to  arid  beyond  the  column  of  the  Worth 
Monument. 

Between  these  two  black  masses  of  spectators 
every  regiment  tried  to  march  its  steadiest  and 
look  its  trimmest.  As  each  file  crossed  Twenty- 
fourth-st.  the  pace  stiffened,  the  backs  of  the  sol 
diers  straightened,  the  line  of  bayonets  grew  more 
regular.  The  bandmen  blew  themselves  red  in  the 
face  and  the  color-bearers  dipped  their  colors. 
The  President  lifted  his  hat  to  the  flags  gravely 
and  bent  his  eye  steadily  along  the  approaching 
line.  At  his  right  General  Sherman,  erect  and 
soldierly,  looked  on  calmly,  with  an  expert's 
quick  appreciation  of  tho  niceties  of  the  drill.  The 
swords  ot  the  officers  were  lowered,  then  raised; 
the  flags  went  up  again ;  the  tenseness  of  the  line 
relaxed ;  the  file  had  passed,  and  the 
reaction  was  visible  even  in  the  backs 
of  the  disappearing  blue-coats.  The  climax  of 
the  march  had  come  and  gone.  The  rest  was 
routine,  and  the  disbanding  point  at  Fifty-first-st. 
could  not  be  reached  too  soon.  No  regiment  or 
troop  in  the  line  missed  the  stimulus  of  that  little 
stretch  past  the  reviewing  stand.  Some  com 
mands  did  better  than  others,  but  all  did  their 
best,  and  that  in  almost  every  case  was  equal  to 
the  brilliance  and  importance  of  the  occasion— the 
biggest  and  most  dazzling  review  of  troops  since 
war  times. 

THE  DECORATIONS  FEW,  BUT  GRACEFUL. 

Madison  Square  had  put  itself  into  fitting  garb 
for  such  a  scene.  From  the  reviewing  stand  the 
eye  could  light  on  little  that  was  not  suggestive  of 
the  spectacle.  A  big  triumphal  arch  spanned  the 
avenue  at  the  southern  end  of  the  stand.  Built 
like  the  sally-port  of  a  fortress,  from  the  top 
Washington  on  a  charger  waved  with  his  sword  a 
welcome  or  defiance  toward  the  square  which 
bears  his  name.  On  the  reverse  side  faces  of  the 
first  President  and  Vice-President  and  of  their 


latest  successors  smiled  gayly  up  the  avenue. 
Across  from  the  reviewing  box  the  Albemarle  Ho 
tel  and  the  Hoffman  House  were  ablaze  with  pa 
triotic  colors,  in  designs  in  which  the  genius  of  the 
designer  ran  a  merry  riot. 

From  the  midst  of  all  looked  down  one  of  the 
most  extraordinary  portraits  of  the  Father  of  his 
Country  which  the  talent  of  the  sign-painter  has 
ever  p. it  on  canvas.  The  First  President,  to  the 
few  who  recognized  him,  narrowly  escaped  being 
taken  for  one  of  those  conventional  courtly 
villains,  whose  smile  of  conscious  depravity  pen 
etrates  to  the  back  row  of  the  theatre-gallery.  To 
the  left  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel  shone  by  con 
trast.  Its  decorations  were  few  and  graceful,  and 
the  fine  proportions  of  the  big  building  came  out 
in  their  natural  effect.  A  bust  of  Washington 
was  conspicuous  over  the  upper  portico,  which 
was  itself  almost  hidden  by  the  brilliant  parasols 
of  the  pretty  spectators  ft  held.  From  the  roofs 
of  all  the  big  hotels  hundreds  of  people  were 
peeping  over  into  the  square.  The  very  cornices 
were  lined,  and  over  that  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  an 
old  man's  long  gray  beard  could  be  seen  straggling 
down  to  the  delectation  of  jokers.  Every  window 
along  Broadway  was  held  by  a  party  of  sightseers, 
and  down  Fifth-ave.  one  could  catch  a  glimpse  of 
other  crowded  buildings,  the  prospect  ending*with 
the  big  stand  built  on  the  sidewalk  of  the  Union 
Club. 

GROUPS  IN  THE  WINDOW  a. 

The  old  New-York  Club,  now  given  over  to 
business,  was  the  choicest  of  all  the  buildings 
facing  the  square  for  sightseeing.  The  Republi 
can  League  had  gotten  possession  of  several 
windows  looking  down  the  avenue.  Other  rooms 
were  occupied  by  other  jolly  groups,  and  a  big 
stand  had  been  built  in  Twenty-sixth-st.  for  the 
over-flow.  The  house  was  gay  with  the  usual 
patriotic  decorations,  but  did  not  show  a  picture 
of  Washington.  Further  up  the  avenue  there  were 
some  pretty  views.  Theodore  B.  Starr  had  his  store 
trimmed  with  wreaths  of  green.  The  Redfern 
establishment  flew  the  British  colors,  and  Del 
ia  onico's  showed  a  leaning  toward  the  tricolor. 
The  arch  at  Twenty-sixth-st.  looked  rather  flat 
and  plain  compared  with  the  Twenty-third-st. 
one.  Two  four-foot  Continental  soldiers  did  duty 
against  the  pillars,  menacing  any  new  invader 
from  the  direction  of  the  Battery.  The  square 
itself,  its  trees  just  turning  into  green,  gave  a 
refreshing  background  to  the  long  reviewing  stand 
and  helped  to  shade  the  early  comers  from  the 
morning  sun.  At  the  Twenty-sixth-st.  end  the 
bronze  figure  of  Farragut  could  be  seen  just  able 
to  peer  across  the  heads  of  the  seat»-holders  into 
the  avenue.  Others  besides  the  hero  of  Mobile 
Bay  were  shut  out  from  a  view  of  the  parade,  and 
all  the  square  and  the  cross-streets  leading  into 
it  were  packed  with  these  unfortunate  people,  all 
pushing  and  elbowing  to  get  a  glimpse  even,  of 
the  bayonet  tips  of  the  passing  regiments. 

The  stand  had  been  crowded  from  1 0  o'clock 
on.  An  hour  earlier  Inspector  Byrnes  had  a  strong 
force  of  police  on  the  spot  to  man  the  wire  rope 
lines  along  the  avenue  and  fight  back  interlopers. 
A  guard  of  honor  from  the  7th  Regiment  also  ap 
peared,  and  the  sentinels  kept  relieving  one  an 
other  in  their  beats  up  and  down  before  the 
stands.  From  10  o'clock  to  11  there  were  fresh 
arrivals  every  few  minutes.  Four  of  the  mem 
bers  of  the  Army  Committee,  F.  D.  Tappen, 
Frederick  Gallatin,  Park  Commissioner  J.  Hamp- 
den  Robb  and  J.  C.  Tomlinson,  received  the  guests 
who  had  tickets  for  the  reviewing  stands.  The 
police  kept  fighting  back  the  mob,  which  made 
fresh  pushes  against  the  line  at  brief  intervals. 
Clubs  would  go  up  in  the  air  and  come  down 
softly  on  the  hats  of  the  offenders,  and  the  officers 
would  make  a  plunge  altogether  like  the  rush 
line  on  a  football  field.  The  crowd  would  give 
in  at  last  and  the  strained  rope  would  be  pulled 


50 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


In  taut  again.  The  avenue  had  been  cleared  as 
far  as  Twenty-seven th-st.  From  there  all  the 
way  up  the  slope  of  Murray  Hill  the  mass  of 
spectators  was  wedged  in  tightly  from  house 
wall  to  house  wall.  A  squad  of  mounted  police 
was  sent  to  cut  a  way  through,  but  it  came  back 
without  doing  much. 

The  stand  up  to  this  point  had  been  occupied 
chiefly  by  that  class  of  oeoole  whom  nobody  had 
ever  seen  or  heard  of,  but  who  manage  mysteri 
ously  to  get  hold  of  the  best  seats  at  nearly  every 
big  display.  Distinguished  arrivals  were  few  and 
far  between.  Senator  Eustis,  of  Louisiana,,  and 
Senator  Wade  Hampton,  of  South  Carolina,  reached 
the  stand  before  11.  William  E.  Dodge  came 
later;  then  Generals  Abner  Doubleday  and  John 
C.  Kobinson,  Congressman  S.  S.  Cox,  ex-Congress 
man  S.  V.  White,  Police  Commissioner  Voorhis  and 
Nathaniel  McKay.  The  Pennsylvania  Legislature 
got  seats  at  the  Twenty- third -st.  end  of  the  stand. 
Near  by  was  a  group  of  Indianians,  among  them 
Attorney-General  L.  T.  Michener,  General  George 
B.  Williams,  now  of  Washington,  and  one  of  the 
managers  of  the  Inauguration  festivities;  the  Rev. 
Dr.  McLood,  of  Indianapolis ;  C.  W.  Fairbanks  and 
General  T.  H.  Nelson.  Commissioner  of  the  State, 
and  Colonel  W.  R.  Holloway,  a  brother-in-law  of 
ex-Senator  O.  P.  Morton.  Captain  Murphy,  of  the 
Army  Committee,  walked  up  and  down  the  avenue 
before  the  stand  in  a  brilliant  uniform,  and  helped 
the  other  committeemen  to  look  after  the  arriving 
guests. 

At  12:10  some  of  the  guests  from  the  Sub- 
Treasury,  who  had  come  up  on  the  elevated  rail 
road,  appeared.  In  the  group  were  Carl 
Schurz  and  J.  C.  Carter.  They  took 
seats  near  the  reviewing-box.  Others  of  iheir 
neighbors  were  Governor  Merriam,  of  Minnesota, 
and  his  staff.  Collector  Joel  B.  Erhardt,  General  E. 
H.  Muller.  Evert  J.  Wecdell  and  F.  Hookinson 
Smith. 

CHEEKS    FOB    ME.    HARBISON. 

About  1  o'clock  an  outburst  of  cheering  from 
the  stand  at  the  Union  Club  and  a  vigorous 
spurt  of  handkerchief- waving  told  that  the  Presi 
dent  and  his  party  were  arriving.  A  detachment  of 
mounted  policemen  clattered  by  and  the  Presi 
dent's  carriage  soon  followed.  The  spectators 
on  the  stands  stood  up  to  cheer  and  those  in  the 
back  rows  shouted  "  Sit  down,"  and  pelted  those 
lower  down  with  paper  balls  and  orange  peelings. 
The  President  took  off  his  hat  and  bowed  as  the 
crowd  saluted  him.  His  carriage  stopped  shorty 
and  General  John  Cochraue,  who  was  on  the  front 
seat,  clambered  out  and  helped  the  guests  alight. 
Colonel  Winchester,  his  companion  on  the  front 
seat,  got  out  next.  Then  the  President  stepped 
down,  followed  quickly  by  Mayor  Grant. 

In  the  second  carriage  were  the  Vice-President 
and  one  or  two  members  of  the  Centennial  Com 
mittee.  From  the  third  alighted  Secretary 
Windom,  Elbridge  T.  Gerry  and  Clarence  W. 
Bowcn.  Secretaries  Tracy  and  Proctor,  and  their 
two  aids,  were  in  the  next.  Then  came  the 
Postmaster-General,  Secretary  Noble  and  Lieu- 
tenant-Govcrnor  Jones.  The  Attorney-General 
and  Secretary  Busk  shared  the  sixth  carriage. 
In  the  other  carriages  were  Chief  Justice  Fuller, 
AssociatexJustices  Field,  Lamar,  and  Blatchford, 
ex-Justice  Strong,  General  Sherman,  Chauncey  M. 
Depew,  Archbishop  Corrigan,  Bishop  Potter, 
Bishop  Perry,  of  Iowa ;  the  Kev.  Dr.  Morgan  Dix, 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Richard  S.  Storrs,  a  delegation  of 
Senators,  among  them  being  Senators  Sherman, 
Ingalls,  Hiscock,  Evarts,  Aldrich,  Higgins  and 
Haw7?y;  Generals  Husted  and  Henry  A.  Barnum, 
Russell  B.  Harrison,  and  Private  Secretary  E.  W. 
Halford.  Ex-Presidents  Hayes  and  Cleveland  rode 
in  a  carriage  together.  The  New- York  lawyer  was 
received  with  polite  cheering  along  the  line,  and 
•miled  broadly  and  lifted  his  hat. 


APPLAUSE   TOR   THE   MARCHINO  COLUMN. 

The  party  was,  soon  seated  in  the  reviewing-box. 
The  President  was  well  to  the  front,  and  General 
Sherman  sat  at  his  right.  To  his  left  were  Mayor 
Grant  and  ex-President  Cleveland,  the  latter  hold, 
ing  a  red  rose  in  his  hand  which  he  often  lifted  to 
his  nose.  General  Tracy  stood  behind  the  Presi 
dent,  and  Mr.  Gerry  was  near  Mr.  Cleveland. 
There  were  no  ladies  in  the  party.  Ten  minutes 
later  General  Schofield  and  the  head  of  the  column 
came  through  the  Twenty-third-st.  arch.  He  was 
followed  by  General  Cruger  and  the  general  staff. 
The  head  of  the  Army  was  applauded  en 
thusiastically.  So  were  the  staff  oflj^prs, 
all  trim  and  fresh  as  the  gallant 
at  whom  Hotspur  took  offence.  Then  came  the 
military  representatives  of  the  various  States,  and 
acting  as  escort  to  all  two  troops  cf  regular 
cavalry,  with  yellow  plumes  and  trappings.  The 
West  Point  cadets  had  the  piace  of  honor  at  the 
Lead  of  the  line  of  regulars.  The  battalion  never 
looked  better,  and  its  marching  drew  out  rounds  of 
applause.  Then  came  the  artillery  regiments  in 
red  and  the  infantry  in  white.  After  the  Army 
had  passed  the  Navy  came  in  sight.  The  marines 
gave  a  clean  exhibition  of  marching,  and  the  tars 
from  the  ships  in  the  harbor  finished  up  the  dis 
play  of  the  regulars  with  credit  and  celerity.  The 
Army  and  Navy  got  by  at  1 :40  p.  m.  The  muster 
was  about  1,500. 

The  State  militia  was  to  follow  in  the  order  in 
which  the  States  had  ratified  the  Constitution. 
Delaware  accordingly  was  lirst.  She  sent  one 
regiment  of  infantry  and  a  cavalry  troop.  Gov 
ernor  Biggs  rode  at  the  head  of  the  line,  a  tall 
dashing  figure,  his  long  white  hair  floating  in  the 
wind.  He  lifted  his  hat  constantly  in  response 
bo  the  cheers  he  aroused,  and  was  easily  the  most 
conspicuous  figure  in  this  division. 

Pennsylvania  came  next  to  Delaware,  and  thus 
with  her  8,000  men  had  practically  the  place  of 
honor  among  the  militia.  The  Pennsylvania 
troops  long  ago  made  their  reputation 
as,  perhaps,  '  the  most  businesslike  of 
the  State  forces.  They  wear  the  regular 
uniform  and  affect  the  monotonous  appearance  of 
the  regulars.  They  always  march,  too,  in  heavy 
dress,  carrying  all  the  accoutrements  of  an  active 
campaign.  Knapsacks,  blankets,  haversacks,  can. 
teens  and  cups  are  a  serious  handicap  in  a  dress 
parade,  and  the  Pennsylvanians  stiller  somewhat 
on  a  gala  day  from  their  heavy  uniform.  BuU 
their  marching  is  always  good,  and  they  give  an 
impression  of  force  and  solidity  which  the  other 
regiments  often  miss.  The  Pennsylvania  troops 
did  not  follow  the  order  on  the  programme,  and 
caused  much  inconvenience  to  the  spectators  on 
the  reviewing  stand.  The  Third  Brigade,  for 
instance,  marched  second  and  the  Second  third. 
The  regiments,  too,  changed  their  formation  in 
many  cases.  Philadelphia's  crack  regiment,  the 
1st,  won  a  good  deal  of  applause,  and  another 
picked  out  by  the  critics  in  the  stands  for  military 
excellence  was  the  1 8th,  from  the  western  part  of 
the  State.  The  Pittsburg  Battery  brought  with  if 
from  home  its  full  force  of  battery  horses,  enor 
mous  Clydesdales,  with  long  hair  on  their  legs.' 
They  stopped  for  three  or  four  minutes  before  the 
President,  and  everybody  on  the  stands  tried  to 
guess  what  sort  of  huge  beasts  they  were. 

HEROISM    SHOWN    BY    GOVERNOR    BEAVER. 

Governor  Beaver,  strapped  to  his  saddle,  rode 
at  the  head  of  the  division,  as  usual,  and  captured 
the  enthusiasm  of  the  cro*vds  all  along  the  avenue. 
He  wore  civilian  dress,  as  did  all  the  Governors. 
It  took  the  Pennsylvania  troops  about  an  hour  to 
go  by— better  time  than  they  made  at  Washington 
on  March  4.  President  Harrison  recognized  many 
old  faces  in  the  ranks,  and  must  have  been  favor 
ably  impressed  by  the  vastly  improved  marching, 
due  in  part,  perhaps,  to  more  favorable  conditions. 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


51 


New-Jersey  showed  that  she  was  in  the  Union 
and  had  been  in  it  almost  from  the  start,  by  send 
ing  her  two  brigades  for  review  by  the  President. 
These  troops,  too,  failed  to  march  according  to  the 
programme,  but  nobody  minded  that.  Trim  new 
clothes,  with  a  little  more  finery  than  the  Spartans 
of  the  Keystone  State  indulge  in,  a  good  step  and 
lively  bauds  helped  the  commonwealth  across  the 
North  Kiver  to  make  an  excellent  soldierly  show 
ing.  The  New-Jersey  uniform  prescribes  a  coat  of 
longer  skirts  and  deeper  blue  than  the  regular  one, 
and  the  troops  wore  helmets  instead  of  caps. 
There  were  no  batteries  in  the  parade,  but  each 
regiment  seemed  to  be  provided  instead  with  a 
Gatling  gun.  Toward  the  end  two  or  three  zcuave 
companies  appeared.  They  wore  the  lez  and  leg- 
gingi,  with  trousers  of  a  glaiing  shade  of  red. One  of 
them  had  a  band,  which  very  appropriately  struck 
up  u  Kazzle  Dazzle,"  as  it  got  near  the  President. 
Everybody  laughed,  but  the  bandmaster  couldn't 
see  the  joke.  Governor  Green,  General  Harrison's 
host  at  Elizabe'th  on  Monday,  rode  at  the  head 
of  the  column.  General  and  ex-Senator  W.  J. 
Se\yell  was  in  command  of  the  Second  Brigade, 
which  really  marched  first. 

Governor  Gordon,  of  Georgia,  had  the  avenue 
practically  to  himself  when  Georgia's  turn  came. 
He  is  a  graceful  horseman,  wore  spurs,  and  made 
his  horse  dance  spiritedly.  He  was  recognized  by 
the  crowd,  which  cheered  him  heartily. 

THE,  MODEST  GOVERNOR  OF  THE  NUTMEG  STATE. 

Governor  Bulkeley,  of  Connecticut,  who  fol 
lowed  Governor  Gordon,  did  not  wear  spurs,  tie 
rodo  along  modestly  and  saluted  the  President 
with  soldierly  precision.  The  Foot  Guards  he 
brought  with  him  outshone  anything  that  had 
gone  before  in  the  parade.  Each  man  wore  a 
red  coat,  white  trousers,  black  leggings,  and  a 
black  furry  cap,  with  the  coat-of-arms  of  the  State 
on  the  front.  After  the  gorgeous  Foot  Guards 
came  the  4th  Connecticut  Regiment,  in  a  blue 
uniform,  something  like  that  of  the  New-Jersey 
men. 

Governor  Oliver  Ames,  of  Massachusetts,  like 
Governor  Bulkeley,  wore  no  spurs.  He 
made  a  striking  figure,  however,  and  was 
freely  applauded.  Two  corps  of  cadets,  a 
military  affectation  popular  in  the  Bay  State,  with 
cadet  bands,  acted  as  escort  to  the  Governor. 
Colonel  William  A.  Bancroft,  the  famous  Harvard 
oarsman  and  coach,  was  at  the  head  of  the  5th 
Regiment,  which  came  out  in  unusual  strength. 
The  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  of  Boston 
was  the  rear  guard.  It  eclipsed  the  splendor  of 
the  Connecticut  Foot  Guards  as  much  as  the  Foot 
Guards  had  dimmed  the  lustre  of  the  plainer  blue 
coats  toward  the  front  of  the  parade.  Every 
member  of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  is, 
or  ought  to  be,  a  brigadier-general.  The  com 
mand  yesterday  turned  out  about  300  strong,  in 
about  300  different  kinds  of  uniforms,  from  that  of 
an  old  Continental  private  to  that  of  a  European 
field  marshal.  This  kaleidoscopic  display  may 
have  been  a  shock  to  the  nerves  of  the  military 
experts,  but  it  gave  undiluted  joy  to  the  Philistines 
on  the  sidewalks,  and  a  shout  of  welcome  met  the 
first  file  of  the  artillerymen,  which  never  broke  in 
force  till  the  backs  of  the  last  file  were  disappear 
ing  up  the  avenue. 

Maryland,  the  next  State  to  ratify  the 
Constitution,  was  represented  chieQy  by 
the  5th  Regiment,  oi  Baltimore,  whose 
band  forgot  to  play  "  Maryland,  My 
Maryland,"  to  the  great  surprise  of  everybody. 
Governor  Jackson,  it  was  said,  was  ill.  Perhaps 
that  made  the  difference. 

ONE    GOVERNOR   IN    A    CARRIAGE. 

South  Carolina's  Governor  rode  in  a  carriage. 
Like  all  the  Southern  Governors,  he  had  a  popular 
welcome.  Six  or  eight  companies  acted*  as  his 


escort.  New-Hampshire  sent  three  regiments,  all 
tine-looking  organizations.  Governor  Sawyer  rode 
at  the  head  of  the  line.  The  Granite  State  troops 
wear  a  uniform  much  like  that  of  New- 
Jersey.  Virginia  followed  New-Hampshire, 
and  Governor  Fitzhutch  Lee  had  a  chance 
to  repeat  the  triumph  he  achieved  at  Washington 
at  the  inauguration  of  President  Cleveland. 
Wearing  boot  and  spur,  and  gallantly  lifting  his 
hat  to  the  applauding  multitudes,  he  made  his 
way  slowly  past  the  stands.  The  band  behind 
him  struck  up  "  Auld  Lang  Syne"  as  he  neared 
the  reviewing  box,  and  some  one  suggested  that 
the  air  would  recommend  itself  to  President 
Cleveland.  General  Harrison  saluted  the  Vir 
ginia  Governor  gracefully,  but  Mr.  Cleveland  did 
not  look  around.  The  Governor's  es 
cort  was  made  up  ol  a  lot  of  sei>- 
arate  Virginia  companies.  many  in  gray 
uniform.  They  dropped  the  sixteen  formation  of 
the  other  troops  and  marched  by  fours. 

Governor  Lee  once  by,  another  "  popular  hero" 
appeared.  Governor  Hill  was  riding  up  alongside 
of  General  Josiah  Porter,  followed  by  the  New. 
York  staff.  The  Governor  seemed  ill  at  ease 
on  his  horse,  and  dropped  one  rein  as  he  came 
abreast  of  the  reviewing  stand.  An  orderly  picked 
it  up,  and  the  procession  started  again.  A  few 
yards  further  the  rein  fell  again,  and  again 
the  staff  had  to  halt.  The  Governor  recovered 
himself  enough  to  salute  the  President,  and 
the  staff  went-  by.  President  Cleveland  had  got 
up  to  go  as  the  New-York  troops  came  in  sight, 
but  he  stopped  and  stood  on  the  platform  for  a 
few  minutes  longer  watching  them.  The  New- 
York  formation  is  familiar,  and  it  is  enough  to 
say  that  the  7th  Regiment  led  it  with  customary 
brilliancy  and  precision.  No  marching  called  out 
more  general  a  ad  hearty  praise. 

MILES  OF  STATE  TROOPS. 

After  the  white-crossed  belts  of  the  7th  had 
disappeared,  the 'regular  uniform,  spiked  helmets, 
blue  coats  and  white  leggings,  of  the  State  troops 
came  in  with  the  69th,  and  lasted  for  miles  and 
miles,  except  when  the  white  coats,  blue  trousers 
and  white  leggings  of  the  '?2d  Regiment  broke 
the  monotony.  "  Pat"  Gilmore  headed  this  regi 
ment  with  his  melodious  band.  He  pulled  them 
up  in  the  middle  of  a  stirring  march  and  started 
them  into  "  Hail  to  the  Chief"  as  they  passed 
under  the  President's  eye.  The  71st  Regiment 
band  varied  their  musical  programme  by  play 
ing  the  Doxologj'.  The  New-York  men  all  appeared 
well,  the  separate  companies  especially,  showing 
the  result  of  much  drilling.  The  batteries,  heavy 
artillery  and  Gatling  eruns  rattled  and  rumbled 
along  in  good  shape,  the  red  plumes  of  the  men 
affording  a  welcome  variety  in  the  forest  of 
spiked  helmets  that  covered  the  infantry. 

Brigadier-General  McLeer  led  the  Second  Bri 
gade,  and  immediately  behind  him  and  the  red- 
coated  1 3th  Regiment  band  rode  Chaplain  Tal 
ma  ge.  bowing  to  right  and  left  and  lifting  his 
slouched  hat  in  acknowledgment  of  the  cheers. 
The  14th  came  next,  its  first  company  commanded 
by  a  one-armed,  gray-bearded  captain,  who  gave  a 
veteran  air  to  the  whole  regiment.  The  23d,  the 
pride  of  Brooklyn,  passed  with  steady  tramp,  its 
long  column  of  red-trousered  men  stretching  over 
several  blocks  of  the  ro  :tc.  The  Buffalo  regi. 
ments  won  applause  from  the  spectators,  and  the 
Albany  troops  were  not  forgotten. 

MB.  CLEVELAND  ESCAPES. 

Just  before  the  towering  bearskin  shakos  and 
portly  forms  of  the  Old  Guard  set  the  multitude 
to  applauding,  Mr.  Cleveland  tired  of  the 
show,  and  after  talcing  counsel  with 
Inspector  Steers  as  to  the  most  promising  place 
through  which  to  squeeze,  disappeared. 
President  Harrison  stood  the  fatigue  manfully, 
lrare(ly  sitting  down,  answering  every  salute 
courteously,  and  taking  off  his  hat  whenever  the 


52 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


Stars   and   Stripes    came   within    saluting   range. 

Governor  Fowle,  of  North  Carolina,  was  borne 
by  in  a  carriage,  followed  by  a  few  companies 
of  State  troops.  Rhode  Island's  Governor,  artil 
lery  and  famous  Reeves  band,  of  Providence,  came 
next.  Governor  Dillingham,  of  Vermont,  whose 
refined  face,  flowing  cloak  and  high-stepping 
horse  won  him  much  applause,  led  a  column 
of  well-tanned,  well-drilled  troops,  each  man  with 
a  piece  of  evergreen  in  his  helmet.  Governor 
Buckner,  of  Kentuclcy,  roused  a  really  mediaeval 
enthusiasm  by  his  flowing  black  plume  and  tine 
horsemanship. 

A  gaudily  uniformed  hussar  led  the  van  of 
the  Ohio  troops.  Governor  Foraker  had  his 
usual  enthusiastic  reception,  but  the  captain  of 
the  last  company  of  the  hussars,  the  1st  Cleve 
land  Troop,  carried  off  the  honors,  for  President 
Harrison's  laughing  glance  followed  the  antics 
of  his  dancing  horse  till  he  was  well  past  the  stand. 
The  Ohio  troops  were  in  heavy  marching  order, 
like  the  Pennsylvania  troops,  and  the  dark  uni 
forms  of  faded  blue  gave  them  an  air  of  having 
seen  service.  They  marched  well,  the  2d  Regi 
ment  from  Canton  and  the  16th  from  Sandusky 
being  perhaps  most  noticeable  for  soldierly 
bearing. 

THE  SOUTHERN  TROUPS. 

The  many-colored  clothing  of  the  Louisiana, 
Missouri  and  Florida  troops  came  out  in  strong  re 
lief  after  the  monotony  of  the  Ohio  men.  The 
Michigan  Cadets,  who  wear  white  helmets  and 
white  duck  trousers,  and  have  the  reputation  of 
being  one  of  the  best-drilled  companies  in  the 
country,  halted  before  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel 
and  amused  the  crowd  with  various  performances, 
vocal  and  otherwise.  When  Texas  was  reached 
in  the  line,  the  crowds  cheered  the  white-suited 
Belknap  Rifles,  who  looked  lik^e  a  company  of 
English  yachting  dukes. 

The  Ncw-lork  troops  were  an  hour  in  passing 
the  stand,  ending  at  4  :25  p.  m.  The  troops  fol 
lowing  them  occupied  the  field  of  vision  for  an 
hour  and  ten  minutes,  and  then  the  head  of  the 
Grand  Army  column  appeared. 

General  Harrison  bowed  low  with  uncovered 
head  as  each  tattered,  bullet-riddled,  old  flag  was 
carried  by,  waving  over  the  dark  ranks  of  gray- 
headed  men.  An  occasional  empty  sleeve,  limp 
ing  foot,  or  wasted  form  showed  that  parading 
was  for  them  a  duty  to  memories  of  the  past 
rather  than  a  pleasure  of  the  present.  For  more 
than  an  hour  these  veterans  in  blue  filed  past, 
cheering  and  saluting  the  President.  The  two 
little  midgets  dressed  to  represent  George  and 
Martha  Washington  got  a  bow  and  a  smile  from 
General  Harrison  direct,  while  a  somewhat  un 
steady  and  loud-voiced  veteran  who  broke  from 
the  ranks  to  kiss  his  hand  again  and  again  to 
the  President;  and  shout  "  God  bless  the  dear 
old  Grand  Army  medal,"  as  he  pointed  to  the 
single  decoration  on  General  Harrison's  breast, 
retired  to  silence  and  the  ranks  in  time  to  save 
himself  from  the  attention  of  the  police. 

DISBANDING  AT  LAST. 

It  was  about  2  o'clock  when  the  head  of  the 
procession  reached  Fifty-seventh-st.  and  Fifth-ave., 
where  it  disbanded.  The  men  lookod  pretty  well 
tired  out  and  stepped  with  an  evident  weariness. 
Those  who  had  quarters  or  were  to  take  a  boat 
or  train  on  the  east  side  of  the  city,  turned  to  the 
right  at  Fi  fty-seventh-st.,  the  others  marching  to 
the  left.  This  relieved  the  pressure?,  and  delays 
were  consequently  much  lessened  both  in  fre 
quency  and  length.  Some  of  the  regiments 
marched  directly  to  the  boats,  others  went  to 
their  quarters  in  a  body,  some  disbanded  and 
struck  out  for  the  nearest  place  to  get  something 
to  eat  or  drink,  and  then  took  the  cars  for  their 
armories.  It  was  after  half-past  6  when  the 


last  of  the  G.  A.  R.  men  reached  the  disbanding 
point. 

Just  as  the  President  arrived  at  the  reviewing 
stand,  a  live  American  eagle  was  let  fly  from  the 
roof  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel.  It  rose  high  in 
the  air  for  a  moment  and  then  gradually  fluttered 
down  toward  the  street.  A  rush  was  made  for 
it  by  the  crowd,  but  a  nimble  youngster  cap 
tured  it.  Ho  carried  the  bird  in  triumph  into 
the  corridor  of  the  hotel  amid  general  applause. 
One  patriot  offered  $20  for  the  noble  captive. 
Another  bid  $5  more  and  the  boy  accepted  the 
offer,  while  the  bystanders  cheered.  The  eagle 
belonged  to  James  J.  Murray,  of  No.  357  Grand-st. 

Another  striking  incident  of  the  parade  was  the 
throwing  of  fruit  and  bonbons  to  the  troops  from 
the  windows  along  the  line  of  march.  When  the 
regiments  halted  to  wait  for  the  President  to  pass 
by  toward  Madison  Square,  many  were  forced  to 
stand  for  a  half-hour  or  longer  in  the  blocks  be 
tween  Wall-st.  and  Twentieth-st.  In  lower  Fiffh- 
ave.  a  streak  of  orange  throwing  was  developed  ; 
at  other  points  sandwiches  and  flowers  were  tossed 
out.  In  one  instance,  opposite  the  Postoflice,  a 
large  packet  of  sandwiches  was  thrown,  and  skil 
fully  caught  by  a  Massachusetts  soldier  on  his 
bayonet.  In  at  Ir-ast  one  case,  however,  generosity 
of  this  sort  resulted  in  a  somewhat  costly  accident, 
for  a  large  plate-glass  window  was  broken  at  No. 
300  Broadway  by  a  beer  bottle  on  the  end  of  a 
string.  Somebody  in  an  upper  story  trie:!  to  swing 
the.  bottle  out  to  a  thirsty  soldier,  but  did  not  qu;te 
reach  him,  and  the  window  was  shattered  on  the 
rejburn  swing. 

THE  STAET 


DOWNTOWN  STREETS  HELD  FOR  HOURS  BY 
THE  MILITIA. 


FORMING   FOR  THE   GREAT  PARADE  IN   BROAD- 

WAY— CITIZEN       SOLDIERS       FROM       MANY 

STATES-NEARLY    50,000    TROOPS    FALL 

IN  LINE. 

General  Schofield,  Commander-in-Chlef,  and  his  staff 
toot  up  their  position  at  the  head  of  the  parade  at 
9  a.  m.,  at  Broadway  and  Pine-st.  The  hour  of  meet 
ing  was  9:30,  but  long  before  that  time  the  streets 
wore  packed  with  people.  General  Schofleld  was 
quickly  recognized  as  he  galloped  to  the  rendezvous  and 
was  received  with  cheers.  Other  well-known  members 
of  his  staff  were  greeted  with  applause.  The  proces 
sion  started  twenty-five  minutes  after  10  o'clock.  The 
staff  made  a  fine  display  In  their  handsome  uniforms. 
The  order  was  as  follows :  General  Schofield,i  Colonel 
S.  V.  R.  Cruger,  chief  of  start.  General  Schofield's 
personal  staff ;  General  T.  M.  Vincent.  U.  S.  A. ;  Lieu 
tenant  C.  B.  Schofield,  U.  S.  A.;  Lieutenants  T.  H. 
Bliss  and  John  Pitcher,  U.  S.  A. 

Aides  followed  who  represented  twenty-three  dif 
ferent  States.  The  list  Is  as  follows :  Colonel  Benjamin 
Whltely,  Delaware;  Colonel  Frank  Reeder,  Pennsyl 
vania;  Colonel  E.  Merldlth  Dickinson,  New-Jersey; 
Colonel  Seaton  Greenland,  Georgia;  Captain  Phineas 
H.  Ingalls,  Connecticut;  Colonel  E.  E.  Currier, 
Massachusetts;  Colonel  Columbus  O'Donnell,  Mary 
land;  Colonel  Leroy  Springs,  South  Carolina;  Colonel 
R.  M.  Seaman,  New-Hampshire;  Major  Norman  G. 
Randolph,  Virginia;  General  D.  D.  Wayne,  New- York; 
Captain  B.  Cameron,  North  Carolina;  General  E.  H. 
Rhodes.  Rhode  Island;  General  Edward  II.  Ripley, 
Vermont;  Colonel  Morris  H.  Belknap,  Kentucky: 
Colonel  H.  C.  Corbln,  Ohio;  General  Heury  M. 
Sprague,  Maine;  Colonel  Charles  H.  Jones,  Missouri; 
Colonel  Albert  W.  Gllchrlst,  Florida ;  Colonel  W.  H. 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


53 


Stone,  Kansas ;  and  Major  J.  C.  Alderson,  West  Vir 
ginia. 

The  acting  and  extra  aides  were  these:  Colonel  J. 
J.  Copplnger,  U.  S.  A. ;  Captain  Stanhope  E.  Blunt, 
U.  S.  A. ;  Captain  Zallnski,  U.  S.  A. ;  Lieutenant 
Thomas  J.  Lewis,  U.  S.  A. ;  Lieutenant  H.  S.  Whip- 
pie,  U.  S.  A.;  Lieutenant  C.  G.  Treat,  U.  S.  A.: 
Lieutenant  A.  R.  Andrews,  U.  S.  A. ;  Commodore 
Jamos  Duncan,  U.  S.  N. ;  Surgeon  M.  L.  Ruth,  U.  S. 
N. ;  Lieutenant  Alfred  M.  Knight,  U.  S.  N. ;  General 
Horatio  C.  King,  General  Daniel  W.  Butterfield,  Gen 
eral  Joseph  C.  Jackson,  General  Michael  Kerwln. 
General  L.  T  Barney,  General  Henry  L.  Burnett. 
General  Joseph  B.  Carr,  General  William  G.  Ward, 
General  Martin  T.  McMahon,  Colonel  C.  N.  Swift, 
Colonel  David  Morrison,  Colonel  E.  A.  McAlpln, 
Colonel  Charles  R.  Bralne,  Colonel  A.  M.  Clark, 
Colonel  Johnson  L.  De  Puyster,  Colonel  Archie  E. 
Banta,  Colonel  Thomas  R.  Scott,  Colonel  Flnley  An 
derson,  Colonel  Lee  Chamberlin,  Colonel  William  C. 
Church,  Colonel  J.  Schuyler  Crosby,  Colonel  John 
Ward,  Colonel  Harvey  M.  Alden,  Colonel  John  W. 
Jacobus,  Colonel  C.  L.  Burgess,  Colonel  John  Don. 
Colonel  John  WT.  Marshall,  Colonel  Floyd  Clarlison, 
Colonel  Shaughnessy,  Colonel  D.  W.  C.  Ward,  Colo 
nel  Cavanagh,  Major  E.  A.  Woodward,  Major  Morris 
B.  Farr,  Major  McArthur,  Major  Charles  E.  Stott, 
Major  WTilliam  H.  Bright,  Major  M.  Searle,  Captain 
WTilllam  H.  Murphy,  Captain  W.  Emlen  Roosevelt, 
Captain  Obed  Wheeler,  Captain  Waldo  Sprague,  Cap 
tain  Joseph  P.  Jardine,  Captain  G.  W.  Collins,  Cap 
tain  H.  D.  Lockwood,  Captain  E.  A.  Des  Murets,  Cap 
tain  H.  D.  Turner,  Captain  A.  H.  Herts,  Captain  A. 
P.  Hartman,  Lieutenant  A.  F.  Schermerhorn,  Lieu 
tenant  John  N.  Goldlng,  Lieutenant  George  A.  Clem 
ent,  Lieutenant  William  C.  Fish,  Lieutenant  Oliver 
Harriman,  jr.,  William  E.  Van  Wyck,  Newbold  Mor 
ris,  G.  Creighton  \Vebb,  Arthur  De  Windt,  Lewis  H. 
Livingston,  Oliver  S.  Teall,  Miles  Standish  and  George 
W.  Deliaway. 

REGULABS  IN  BRAVE  ARKAY. 

Immediately  following  the  aides  came  a  picked 
detachment  of  cavalry,  comprising  Troop  B  of  the 
6th  Regiment,  commanded  by  Captain  Anderson  and 
Lieutenants  Quay  and  Baird,  and  Troop  B  of  the  4th 
Regiment,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Parker  and 
Lieutenants  Reber  and  Elliott.  The  entire  battalion 
numbered  112  men,  and  were  led  by  Major  Carpenter. 
The  men,  who  early  took  up  their  position  midway 
between  Pine  .and  Wall  sts.,  presented  a  brilliant 
spectacle  in  their  beautiful  uniforms,  as,  after  one  or 
two  evolutions,  they  fronted  into  line,  their  sabres 
glittering  in  the  sunlight.  Each  man  sat  on  his  horse 
like  an  Apache,  and  many  and  loud  were  the  ex 
clamations  of  admiration  which  their  really  superb 
appearance  evoked  from  the  crowded  sidewalks. 
For  a  few  minutes  the  cavalcade  of  horsemen  re 
mained  in  position,  with  the  commander-in-chief  afr 
their  head,  perfectly  motionless,  waiting  the  arrival 
of  the  President.  Then,  borne  on  the  breeze,  came 
the  noise  of  a  distant  cheer,  a  noise  that  grew  louder 
and  louder  and  gradually  swelled  Into  a  deafening 
roar  as  the  sober-looking  carriage  of  the  President, 
drawn  by  four  horses,  came  into  sight.  A  sauad. 
of  mounted  policemen  preceded  the  procession,  which 
consisted  of  ten  carriages.  That  occupied  by  tho 
President  and  Vice-Presidenfc  was  second  in  order,  and 
Mr.  Harrison  lifted  his  hat  repeatedly  and  bowed,  in 
response  to  the  vociferous  shouts  which  greeted  him. 
At  a  signal  from  General  Schofield  the  whole  cavalcade 
of  aides  removed  their  headgear  and  saluted  the  Presi 
dent. 


Tho  Presidential  party  had  disappeared  into  Plne- 
st  scarcely  more  thaa  a  couple  of  minutes,  when 
General  Schofield  gave  the  order  to  move  forward, 
and  amid  the  resounding  noise  of  bands,  the  shouts  of 
officers  and  the  applause  of  the  crowd,  the  parade 
began. 

The  other  soldiers  of  the  Regular  Army  were  drawn 
up  In  Morrls-st.,  and  with  those  mentioned  above 
brought  tho  entire  strength  of  Uncle  Sam's  soldiers 
who  formed  downtown  for  the  parade  to  over  1,000 
men.  They  wore  the  regulation  blue  uniform,  and  the 
clock-like  precision  and  ease  with  which  they  fell  Into 
line  and  awaited  their  turn  to  fall  In  behind  the 
cadets  showed  the  value  of  their  military  training. 
The  organizations  In  Morris-st.  which  took  part  In 
the  parade  were  these : 

Light  Battery  F  and  Batteries  E,  H  and  I,  and  band, 
5th  Artillery,  from  Fort  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  II. ;  Batteries 
K  and  M,  2d  Artillery,  and  Battery  B,  5th  Artillery, 
from  Fort  Wadsworth,  N.  Y.  H. ;  Batteries  A,  C  and 
L,  5th  Artillery,  from  Fort  Columbus,  N.  Y.  H. ; 
Batteries  K  and  M,  5th  Artillery,  from  Fort  Schuyler, 
N.  Y.  H. ;  Batteries  D,  G  and  T.  3d  Artillery  from 
Forl  McIIenry,  Md. ;  Headquarters  band.  Light  Bat- 
tery  C  and  Batteries  A,  E,  H,  K  and  L,  3d  Artillery, 
from  Washington  Barracks,  D.  C.  :  Headquarters  band. 
Light  Battery  B  and  Batteries  E,  G  and  L,  4th  Artil 
lery,  from  Fort  Adams,  R.  I. ;  Batteries  A  and  C,  4th 
Artillery,  from  Fort  Trumbull,  Conn. ;  Battery  I,  4th 
Artillery,  from  Fort  Warren.  Mass.:  Headquarters 
band  and  Companies  A,  D,  G,  H  and  I,  llth  Infantry, 
from  Madison  Barracks,  N.  Y. 

The  following  field  officers  accompanied  the  troops: 
Colonel  Richard  I.  Dodge,  llth  Infantry;  Colonel 
Horatio  G.  Gibson,  3d  Artillery ;  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Edward  G.  Bush,  llth  Infantry;  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Richard  Lodor,  5th  Artillery;  Lieutenant-Colonel  Rich 
ard  H.  J&cbson.  4th  Artillery,  Major  Abraham  C. 
Wildrick,  5th  Artillery ;  Major  Charles  B.  Throckmor- 
ton,  2d  Artillery;  Major  Tully  McCrea.  5th  Artillery. 


THE  EMPIRE  STATE'S  SPLENDID  TURNOUT. 

OFFICERS  IN  COMMAND  OF  THE  BRIGADES  AND 
REGIMENTS— NAMES  OF  THEIR  STAFFS. 

The  National  Guard  of  the  State  of  New- York  made 
d  fine  display.  At  their  head  rode  Governor  Hill,  ac 
companied  by  the  following  staff:  Major-General  Jo- 
slah  Porter,  Adjlutant-General ;  Brigadier-General 
Charles  F.  Robblns,  general  Inspector  of  rifle  practice ; 
Brigadier-General  Joseph  D.  Bryant,  surgeon-general; 
Brigadier-General  George  S.  Field,  chief  of  engineers; 
Brigadier-General  Joshua  M.  Vartan,  chief  of  ordnance ; 
Brigadier- General  Emil  Schaefer,  Inspector-general; 
Brigadier-General  Ralph  Brandreth,  commissary- gen 
eral  of  subsistence  ;  Brigadier-General  Walter  C.  Stokes, 
paymaster-general;  Brigadier-General  Clifford  A.  H. 
Bartlett,  judge-advocate-general ;  Brigadlei -General 
Ferdinand  P.  Earle,  chief  of  artillery ;  Colonel  Edmund 
L.  Judson,  second,  military  secretary ;  Colonel  Hugh 
O'Donoghue,  Colonel  Albert  B.  Hilton,  Colonel  George 
B.  McClellan.  Colonel  William  F.  Lansing.  Colonel 
Marcus  D.  Russell,  aides-de-camp. 

Next  came  the  First  Brigade,  composed  of  the  New- 
York  City  troops.  They  turned  out  with  full  ranks. 
At  their  head  rode  Brigadier-General  Louis  Fitzgerald. 
His  staff  was  composed  of  the  following 
officers:  Lieutenant-Colonel  Benjamin  S.  Church, 
supernumerary,  detailed  as  engineer;  Lieutenant-Colo, 
nel  Robert  W.  Leonard,  assistant  adjutant- general; 
Major  Stephen  H.  Olln,  judge-advocate;  Major  C.  Law 
rence  Perkins,  commissary  of  subsistence ;  Major  R.  V. 
McKlm,  surgeon;  Major  Paul  Dana,  ordnance  officer; 
Major  Auguste  P.  Montant,  Inspector;  Major  WTendell 
Goodwin,  quartermaster;  Major  David  Crocker,  In 
spector  of  rifle  practice ;  Captain  Francis  R.  Appleton, 
aide-de-camp ;  Major  Edmund  C.  Stanton,  supernumer. 
ary,  detailed  as  signal  officer;  Captain  Albert  Gallup, 
signal  officer. 

Troop  A,  1st  Dragoons,  made  its  maiden  parade 
since  its  admission  to  the  National  Guard.  It  consisted 
of  fifty  well-mounted  men,  In  the  State  service  uniform. 


54 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENAEY. 


with  yellow  trimmings.  The  troop  was  under  the  com 
mand  of  Captain  Charles  F.  Roe.  and  acted  as  an  es 
cort  to  the  Governor. 

The  first  organization  behind  the  cavalry  In  line,  by 
virtue  of  the  seniority  of  Its  commander,  was  the 
famous  7th  Regiment.  Colonel  Emmons  Clark.  His 
field  and  staff  officers  were  as  follows :  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  George  Moore  Smith,  Major  William  H.  Klpp, 
Adjutant  George  W.  Rand,  Major  Daniel  M.  Stlnson, 
surgeon ;  Captain  William  H.  Palmer,  Inspector  of  rifle 
practice;  Captain  William  A.  Valentino,  assistant  sur 
geon;  First  Lieutenant  John  F.  Long,  quartermaster; 
First  Lieutenant  Walter  G.  Schuyler,  commissary  of 
subsistence;  chaplain,  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  R.  Paxton. 
The  regiment  was  divided  into  twenty  commands,  and 
there  were  1,000  men  In  the  ranks.  Cappa's  regimental 
band,  and  a  full  drum  corps,  under  the  veteran  Drum- 
Major  John  Smith,  preceded  It.  The  regiment  wore 
its  distinctive  gray  uniform,  with  white  belts  and 
black  helmets. 

THE  GALLANT  SIXTY-NINTH. 
Next  came  the  gallant  69th  Regiment  with  a  full 
drum  corps  and  band,  and  900  officers  and  men.  It 
was  In  sixteen  commands,  each  of  twenty  files  front, 
and  was  greeted  with  continuous  applause.  At  the 
head  of  the  regiment  rode  Colonel  James  Cavanagh 
with  the  following  staff  officers  behind  him:  Major 
James  E.  Kelly,  surgeon ;  Captain  John  J.  Ryan,  In 
spector  of  rifle  practice;  First  Lieutenant  James 
Joseph  Ward,  quartermaster;  First  Lieutenant  Robert 
E.  Ford,  commissary  of  subsistence;  Chaplain  Matthew 
P.  Breen.  The  field  and  staff  officers  with  the  column 
were  as  follows:  Lieutenant>Colouel  James  Moran ; 
First  Lieutenant  John  Murphy,  adjutant;  Major 
Edward  Duffy.  This  regiment  was  in  State  service 
uniform,  like  all  the  regiments  of  the  brigade  except 
the  7th  and  22d. 

The  8th  Regiment  followed  under  the  command  of 
Colonel  George  D.  Scott.  The  regiment  marched  in  eight 
commands,  with  Its  ambulance  corps  bringi-i*  UT>  the 
rear,  and  a  fine  band  and  a  full  drum  corps,  under 
the  veteran  Drum-Major  McKeever,  in  front.  Colonel 
Scott's  field  and  staff  officers  were  as  follows:  Major 
Charles  E.  Bruce,  surgeon;  Captain  Edward  Barker, 
Inspector  of  rifle  practice;  Captain  Daniel  Hemmin*- 
way,  assistant  surgeon;  Adjutant  George  L.  Went- 
worth;  First  Lieutenant  Henry  G.  Ridabick, 
quartermaster;  Chaplain  Wesley  R.  Davis. 
The  8th  Regiment  had  400  men  in  the  parade. 
The  9th  Regiment  had  eleven  commands  and  num 
bered  650  men.  Colonel  William  Seward,  jr.,  mounted 
on  a  handsome  black  charger,  was  in  command.  His 
field  and  staff  officers  were  as  follows :  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Thomas  B.  Rand,  First  Lieutenant  Yellott  D. 
Dechert,  adjutant;  Major  Alvah  H.  Doty,  surgeon; 
Captain  G.  Henry  Witthaus,  supernumerary,  attached; 
Captain  Kasson  C.  Gibson,  inspector  of  rifle  practice ; 
Captain  Charles  N.  Thompson,  assistant  surgeon;  First, 
Lieutenant  Dana  B.  Pratt,  qua;  term  as  tor-  Chaplain 
Newland  Maynard. 

OVER  500  IN  THEIR  RANKS. 

The  22d  Regiment  wora  its  distinctive  uniform— 
whits  coats  and  blue  trousers.  Gilmore's  regimental 
band  was  at  the  head  of  its  column.  There  were 
550  men  in  the  ranks,  divided  into  eleven  commands. 
Colonel  John  T.  Camp  rode  at  the  head  of  the  regiment. 
His  field  and  staff  officers  were  as  follows  :  Lieutenant 
Colonel  George  A.  Miller.  First  Lieutenant  William 
B.  Smith,  adjutant;  Major  William  V.  King,  Major 
William  R.  Pryor,  surgeon;  Captain  Albert  T.  Weston, 
assistant  surgeon ;  First  Lieutenant  Thomas  L.  Miller, 
quartermaster;  First  Lieutenant  Joseph  M.  Smith, 


commissary  of  subsistence ;  Chaplain  William  N.  Dun- 
nell. 

The  71st  Regiment  had  510  officers  and  men,  and 
was  under  the  able  command  of  Colonel  Frederick 
Kopper,  whose  field  and  staff  of  officers  were  as 
follows :  Major,  Wallace  A.  Downs,  Major-  E.  T.  T. 
Marsh,  surgeon;  Captain  Charles  H.  Hoyt,  inspector 
of  rifle  practice;  Captain  Charles  C. 
Osborne,  assistant  surgeon;  Adjutant  Philip 
S.  Tllden,  First  Lieutcndant  Edgar  8. 
Auchincloss,  commissary  of  subsistence.  The  regi 
ment  was  divided  into  nine  commands. 

Last  of  the  Infantry  of  the  First  Brigade  marched  the 
12th  Regiment.  It  was  divided  into  eleven  com 
mands,  and  had  550  men  in  the  ranks.  Colonel 
Thomas  H.  Barber  was  in  command,  and  his  field  and 
staff  officers  were  as  follows:  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Ileman  Dowd,  Adjutant  Charles  M.  Jesup,  Major 
Nelson  M.  Henry,  surgeon ;  Captain  Weber  G.  Owen, 
inspector  of  rifle  practice ;  First  Lieutenant  Ed 
ward  R.  Powers,  quartermaster;  First  Lieutenant  J. 
Morgan  Wing,  commissary  of  subsistence;  Chaplain 
Roderick  Terry. 

The  1st  and  2d  Batteries,  100  men  in  each  organiza 
tion,  were  at  the  rear  of  the  First  Brigade.  Captain 
Louis  Wendel  commanded  the  1st  Battery,  and  Cap 
tain  David  Wilson  the  2<L 

BRAVE   BOYS   FBOM    BROOKLYN. 

The  Brooklyn  troops,  comprising  the  Second  Brigade 
with  the  Washington  Light  Infantry,  passed  In  review 
before  Mayor  Chapin  and  the  city  officials  at  the 
Brooklyn  City  Hall  on  the  way  to  this  city.  Their 
line  in  the  great  parade  In  this  city  was  formed  as 
follows :  13th,  32d,  47th,  14th  and  23d  regiments,  and 
the  3d  Battery.  All  were  dressed  In  the  State  ser 
vice  uniform,  navy-blue  jackets,  blue  trousers  with 
white  leggings,  and  black  helmets  with  spikes.  The 
uniform  of  the  battery  was  blue  troupers  with  a  red 
stripe,  cavalry  boots,  navy-blue  Jacket  with  red  cord 
and  tassel,  and  black  helmet  with  a  red  plume.  The 
line  was  drawn  up  in  William-st.,  with  the  right 
resting  on  Plne-st.  Brigadier-General  McLeer  rode  at 
the  head  of  the  column.  With  him  were  his  staff,  as 
follows :  Lieutenant-Colonel  John  B.  Fiothingham, 
brevet-colonel,  assistant,  ad  Jutanfc- general ;  Major  Gus- 
tav  A.  Jahn,  inspector;  Major  George  L.  Fox,  In 
spector  of  rifle  practice;  Major  Frank  Lyman,  en 
gineer;  Major  George  Kinkol,  Jr.,  ordnance  officer; 
Major  George  R.  Fowler,  surgeon;  Major  Almet  F. 
Jenks,  judge-advocate ;  Major  Fritz  Brose,  commis 
sary  of  subsistence ;  Captain  Frank  D.  Beard,  aide- 
de-camp,  and  Captain  Edward  Annan,  Jr.,  aide-de- 
camp. 

Next  came  the  Signal  Corps  to  the  number  of 
twenty-four,  carrying  their  flags  and  other  imple 
ments,  and  commanded  by  Captain  Frederick  T. 
Leigh,  supernumerary,  attached  as  signal  officer. 

The  13th  Regiment  was  commanded  by  Colonel 
David  E.  Austen.  Other  commissioned  officers  who 
were  mounted  were  Major  Richard  P.  Morle,  Adjutant 
William  H.  Coughlin,  Quartermaster  Charles  Wern- 
berg,  Commissary  Jere.  A.  Wernberg,  Inspector  of 
Rifle  Practice  Theodore  H.  Babcock,  and  Chaplain  T. 
De  Witt  Talmage.  The  regiment  paraded  In  fifteen 
companies,  of  twenty  files  front. 

Following  the  13th  was  the  32d  Regiment,  com 
manded  by  Colonel  Louis  Flnkelmeier.  His  staff  was 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Henry  E.  Clark,  Major  Edward 
Verdrekberg,  Adjutant  William  Van  der  Clute,  Quar 
termaster  J.  R.  Teel,  Commissary  George  Zechiel,  In 
spector  of  Rifle  Practice  Van  D.  Macumber,  and  Chap 
lain  E.  A.  Meury. 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


55 


WELL  DONE.  iFORTY-SEVENTH. 

The  47th  Regiment  was  next  In  line,  parading 
with  the  largest  number  of  men  it  has  ever  turned 
out.  Colonel  Edward  F.  Gaylor  was  in  command,  and 
the  staff  was  Lieutenant-Colonel  Frederick  S.  Benson, 
Major  John  G.  Eddy,  Adjutant  William  H.  Hubbell, 
Chaplain  Henry  E.  Powell,  Inspector  of  Rifle  Practice 
lUvah  G.  Brown,  Quartermaster  Edward  Mllner, 
Commissary  Wan-en  E.  Smith.  The  command  num 
bered  448  men  of  eight  companies. 

Next  in  order  was  the  14th  Regiment,  Colonel 
Harry  W.  Michell  commanding,  with  this  staff:  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  Seldon  C.  Clobridge,  Adjutant  Alfred 
B.  Campbell,  Quartermaster  Alexander  Barnle,  Jr., 
Commissary  Walter  H.  Fitzgerald,  Inspector  of  Rifle 
Practice  Ramon  Cardona,  Chaplain  J.  Oramel  Peck. 

The  23d  Regiment  came  next  with  "  the  largest 
number  of  any  organization  in  the  brigade.  The 
regiment  was  divided  Into  sixteen  companies  of  twenty 
files  front.  Colonel  John  N.  Partridge's  staff  was 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Alexis  C.  Smith,  Major  Charles  E. 
Waters,  Lieutenant  George  E.  Hall,  who  acted  as  ad 
jutant  in  the  absence  of  Adjutant  Sillcocks ;  Quarter 
master  Arthur  A.  Thompson,  Commissary  Richard 
Oliver,  Inspector  of  Rifle  Practice  Hey  wood  C.  Brown, 
Chaplain  Robert  R.  Meredith. 

The  left  of  the  Second  Brigade  was  held  by  the  3d 
Battery.  Captain  Henry  S.  Rasquin  commanding. 
The  battery  consisted  of  seventy-five  mounted  men 
with  four  Catling  guns. 

FBOM  UP  THE  STATE. 

The  Third  Brigade  of  the  National  Guard,  Brigadier- 
General  A.  Parker,  jr.,  commanding,  and  Colonel  J.  8. 
McEwan,  assistant  adjutant-general,  formed  In  Wash 
ington-it. 

The  10th  Battalion,  of  Albany,  was  commanded  by 
Lieutenant-Colonel  W.  E.  Fitch. 

The  staff  of  the  1st  Provisional  Regiment  was  as  fol 
lows  :  Colonel  commanding,  Lieutenant-Colonel  W.  J. 
Harding;  lieutenant-colonel,  Major  Henry  Chauncey, 
of  the  8th  New- York;  major,  Captain  W.  Haubenastel 
of  the  19th  Separate  Company  ;  adjutant,  H.  A.  Beneke' 
of  the  2i2d  Regiment;  commissary.  First  Lieutenant 
Wiswell,  of  the  13th  Regiment;  quartermaster,  First 
Lieutenant  Broome,  of  the  22d  Regiment;  Inspector 
of  rifle  practice,  Lieutenant  George  Miller,  of  the  23d 
Regiment;  surgeon,  First  Lieutenant  Fritz,  of  the  23d 
Separate  Company  ;  assistant  surgeon,  First  Lieutenant 

C.  W.  Crispell,  of  the  14th  Separate  Company       The 
Jroops  were :  The  14th  Separate  Company  of  Yonkers, 
seventy-eight   men;    5th  Separate   Company   of  New- 
burg,  ninety  men;  10th  Separate  Company  of  New- 
burg,  fifty-one  men ;  llth  Separate  Company  of  Mount 
Vernon,  eighty  men;  14th  Separate  Company  of  Kings 
ton,  fifty-five  men ;  19th  Separate  Company,  of  Pough- 
keepsle,    fifty -six    men;    19th    Separate    Company,    of 
Poughkeepsie,  ninety-three  men;  23d  Separate  Com 
pany   of  Hudson,   seventy-three   men;   24tb  Separate 
Company  of  Mlddletown,  fifty-nine  men. 

The  2d  Provisional  Regiment  turned  out  862 
men  all  told.  Its  staff  was  as  follows :  Colonel  com 
manding,  Alexander  S.  Bacon ;  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Clifford  L.  Mlddleton,  supernumerary  ;  Major  Howland 

D.  Perrine,     supernumerary ;    Adjutant,     Lieutenant 
G.  F.  Hamlin,  of  the  23d  Regiment;  Surgeon,  Colonel 
W.    F.    Duncan ;    Assistant    Surgeon,    B.    C.    Church ; 
Quartermaster,  Major  W.  W.  Goodrich,  supernumerary  ; 
Inspector  of  Rifle  Practice,  Lieutenant  WT.  P.  Pickett, 
of  the  23d  Regiment ;  Commissary,  Lieutenant  Louis 
C.    Coudert.     The    companies   were    the    3d    Separate 


22d    Separate    Company,    of    Saratoga;    32d    Separate 
Company,  of  Hoosick  Falls. 

The  staff  of  the  3d  Provisional  Regiment  was  as 
follows :  Colonel  commanding,  Lieutenant-Colonel  J. 
A.  Denison ;  Acting  Lieutenant-Colonel,  Captain  J.  H. 
Remmer,  of  Utlca;  Major,  Captain  M.  W.  Marvin,  of 
the  33d  Separate  Company;  Adjutant,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  G.  J.  Greene,  of  the  10th  Battalion ;  Surgeon, 
D.  S.  Burr,  of  the  20th  Separate  Company  ;  Assistant 
Surgeon,  M.  L.  Smith,  of  the  30th  Separate  Com 
pany.  The  troops  in  line  were  the  20th  Separate 
Company,  of  Binghamton,  84  men;  31st  Separate 
Company,  of  Mohawk,  70  men  ;  33d  Separate  Company 
of  Walton,  93  men  ;  35th  Separate  Company,  of  Ogdenf- 
burg.  85  men  ;  36th  Separate  Company,  of  Schenectady, 
«0  men;  37th  Separate  Company,  of  Schenectady, 
€1  men ;  39th  Separate  Company,  of  Watertown,  77 
men;  44th  Separate  Company,  of  Utica,  85  men; 


46th    Separate    Company,    of    Amsterdam,    92    men; 
6th  Battery. 

THE    FOURTH    BBIGA.DE. 

The  Fourth  Brigade,  composed  of  nearly  2,500 
men,  formed  along  Nassau-st.,  from  Pine-st.  to 

;  Park  Row.  The  brigade  was  composed  of  the  4th 
Provisional  Regiment,  the  74th,  the  65th,  the  5th 

j  Battery,  and  the  Old  Guard  Veteran  Battalion.  The 
companies  were  from  Buffalo,  Elmira,  Syracuse,  Auburn 
and  Oswego,  and  all  wore  the  regulation  State  uni 
form  of  the  militia.  The  companies  from  Syracuse, 
Elmira  and  Auburn  were  the  largest,  all  of  them 
mustering  nearly  100  men.  Brigadier-General  Peter 

!  C.    Doyle,    of    Buffalo,    was    the   commanding    officer. 

i  His  staff  included  Colonel  Charles  Clifton,  assistant 
adjutant-general;  Major  Edward  S.  Warren,  quarter- 

i  master;  Major  Edson  J.  Weeks,  commissary;  Major 
Edmund  Hayes,  engineer;  Major  Allen  H.  Hardwicke, 

:  inspector-general;    Major   Herbert   P.    Bissell,    judge- 

I  advocate;    Major    F.    H.    Jewett,    ordnance    officer; 

!  Roswell  Park,  surgeon ;  Captain  Frank  R.  F  eating 
and  Charles  R.  Wilson,  aides. 

The    4th    Provisional    Regiment    had    the    right    of 

'  the  line  in  the  brigade.      Colonel  Samuel  M.   Welch, 

i  jr.,  of  the  65th  Regiment,  of  Buffalo,  was  in  com 
mand.  The  companies  turned  out  from  75 
to  100  men  each.  Colonel  Welch's  staff  consisted 
of  Adjutant  W.  H.  Chapin,  Lieutenant-Colonel 

I  Nathaniel   Rochester,    Major    James    Bacon,    Quarter- 

I  master  George  J.  Metzger;  surgeons,  Captain  Floyd  S. 

j  Crego    and    John    Gerin ;    commissary,    Lieutenant    E. 

j  M.    Hoffman.     The    companies    were:    The    8th,    of 

'  Rochester;   26th,   of  Elmira;   45th,   of  Cortland:   2d, 

i  of  Auburn;  38th.  of  Oswego;  41st,  of  Syracuse;  40th, 
Syracuse ;  29th,  Oswego. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  U.  S.  Johnson,  of  Buffalo,  com 
manded  the  74th.  His  staff  was  composed  of  Major 
George  A.  Davis,  Inspector  William  Franklin,  Major 
George  W.  York.  Quartermaster  Henry  R.  Clark.Com- 
missary  Willis  R.  Buck;  Chaplain,  the  Rev.  Walter 
North, 

The  65th  Regiment  was  commanded  by  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  John  E.  Robie,  with  a  staff  composed  of  Major 
William  S.  Parsons,  Captain  Henry  Menker,  acting 
major;  Surgeons  A.  H.  Briggs  and  Dr,  Bemis,  Adjutant 
A.  J.  Myer,  Commissary  O.  B.  Nichols,  Quartermaster 
Hai*vey  Putnam ;  Chaplain,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Francis  Lob- 
dell. 

The  5th  Battery,  from  Syracuse,  was  commanded 
by  Captain  N.  Auer,  with  a  staff  of  Lieutenants  A.  D. 
Hayes,  W.  H.  Gadon,  John  N.  Bates,  and  Major 
Gregory  Doyle.  The  battery  had  four  guns  and 
caissons,  fifty  horses,  and  numbered  seventy-eight 
men. 

THE  OLD  GUARD'S  FINE  APPEARANCE. 
The  Old  Guard,  commanded  by  George  Washington 
McLean,  brought  up  the  rear  of  this  brigade.  The 
Guard  turned  out  nearly  100  strong  in  their  tall  bear 
skin  caps  and  light  uniforms.  Among  the  veterans 
In  line  were  Captain  Sloan,  Adjutant  J.  E.  Hoagland, 
Lieutenants  W.  P,  McCasker  and  Eben  B.  Woodward, 
Commissioner  Jacob  Hess,  Surrogate  Ransom,  Robert 
C.  Brown,  George  Wyatt,  David  M.  Hil- 
dreth,  Mark  Layman,  Benjamin  Gurney,  Captain 
William  White,  Augustus  C.  Peters,  John  C.  Copeland, 
James  P.  Whitfield,  James  F.  Wenman,  Charles  S. 
Chumar  and  General  Hatfield.  Dodworth's  Band  of 
forty  pieces  led  the  Guard. 


PENNSYLVANIA, 

Outside  of  the  Empire  State,  the  best  display  of 
visiting  militia  In  point  of  numbers  was  that  of  the 
Keystone  Commonwealth.  The  First  Brigade  of  the 
Pennsylvania  troops  contained  2,195  men  and  145 
officers,  a  total  of  2,340.  They  were  commanded  by 
General  George  R.  Snowden.  The  uniform  was  that 
of  the  regular  heavy  marching  order.  The  staff  officers 
were  as  follows:  Assistant  Adjutant-General,  Major 
Charles  H.  Townsend;  Inspector,  Major  A.  Lawrence 
Wetherell;  Quartermaster,  Ralph  Culliman;  Surgeon, 
Major  Rush  S.  Huydekoper;  Judge  Advocate,  Major 
T.  Dewltt  Cuyler;  Adjutant,  Colonel  George  H. 
North;  Aides-de-camp,  Captain  James  A.  G.  Camp 
bell  and-  Captain  David  Lewis,  jr.  Following  Is  a 
list  of  the  commanders  of  the  several  regiments  of 


56 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


this  brigade,  with  the  regimental  staffs :  2d  Regi 
ment,  601  men,  In  ten  companies,  Colonel  Robert  P. 
Dechert,  Lieutenant-Colonel  O.  S.  Bosbyshell,  Major 
J.  B.  Porter,  Adjutant  A.  H.  Hartung,  Quartermaster 
John  A.  Franks,  Surgeon  Eugene  Townsend,  Assistant 
Surgeons  W.  H.  Baker,  Herman  Burglan, 
Chaplain  Henry  C.  McCook,  Paymaster  J. 
F.  Breuel  and  Commissary  C.  A.  Widmayer; 
6th  Regiment,  eight  companies,  450  men— Colonel 
John  W.  Schall,  Lieutenant-Colonel  P.  M.  Washabraugh, 
Major  H.  A.  Shenton,  Surgeon-Major  J.  K.  Weaver, 
Adjutant  T.  E.  Clyde;  3d  Regiment,  eight  companies, 
401  men— Colonel  S.  Bonnaffon,  jr.,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
John  P.  Denney,  Adjutant  J.  F.  Redfern,  Quarter 
master  John  Rogers,  Surgeon  W.  M.  L.  Ziegler,  As 
sistant  Surgeons  B.  B.  Reath,  Jr.,  and  Joseph  Leidy, 
Jr.,  Inspector  Herbert  Cox,  Chaplain  James  S.  Stone ; 
1st  Regiment,  ten  companies,  560  men— Colonel 
Wendell  P.  Bowman,  Lieutenant-Colonel  T.  E.  Huffing- 
ton,  Major  J.  Lewis  Good,  Adjutant  P.  S.  Conrad, 
Quartermaster  F.  P.  Koons,  Inspector  George  Wr. 
Coulston.  Paymaster  F.  Swayne,  Surgeon  J.  Wllkes 
O'Neill.  State  Fenclbles,  with  208  men.  In  four 
companies— Major  W.  W.  Chew,  Chaplain  H.  W.  White, 
Adjutant  D.  H.  Cooper,  Quartermaster  A.  L.  Belle 
ville,  Inspector  J.  D.  Ganly ;  chief  of  commissary, 
Captain  George  L.  Eastman ;  paymaster,  Captain 
E.  E.  Packer.  Gray  Invlncibles,  fifty-seven  men- 
Captain  C.  A.  Hallstock.  Battery  A,  eighty  men- 
Captain  C.  M.  Stafford;  1st  Philadelphia  City  Troop, 
forty-three  men— Acting  captain,  Lieutenant  Joseph 
L.  Wilson. 

The  Second  Brigade,  numbering  2,900  men,  was 
under  command  of  General  John  A.  Wiley,  among 
whose  staff  were  Surgeon  Greeno,  Major  James 
Patterson  and  Adjutant  Hayes.  The  regiments  of 
this  brigade  were  under  command  of  the  following 
colonels,  with  their  staffs :  10th  Regiment,  eight 
companies— Colonel  A.  L.  Hawkins,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
James  B.  R.  Streafor,  Major  R.  H.  McCaskey,  Chaplain 
J.  L.  Hunter,  Adjutant  S\  B.  Hayes,  Quartermaster 
E.  E.  Robbins,  Surgeon  George  E.  Lytle,  Assistant 
Burgeon  John  T.  James ;  15th  Regiment,  six  com 
panies—Colonel  W.  A.  Kreps,  Lieutenant-Colonel  W. 
A.  Rupert,  Major  James  Frazier,  Adjutant  D.  P. 
Packer;  18th  Regiment,  nine  companies,540  men- 
Colonel  Norman  M.  Smith,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Frank 
I.  Rutledge,  Major  J.  C.  Kay,  Surgeon  C.  C.  Wiley, 
Quartermaster  Charles  E.  Brown.  Inspector  of  Rifle 
Practice  A.  L.  Pearson,  jr.,  Adjutant  Charles  Reese. 
Commissary  A,  J.  Logan,  Paymaster  \V. 
H.  Davis,  and  Chaplain  James  L.  Mulligan ; 
8th  Regiment.  357  men,  in  seven  companies— Colonel 
Theodore  Burohfield,  Lieutenant-Colonel  H.  S.  Halo, 
Major  James  T.  Nickel,  Adjutant  W.  C.  Westfield,  and 
Surgeon-Major  A.  S.  Stayer;  16th  Regiment,  275  men, 
eight  companies— Colonel  Willis  J.  Ilulings,  Lieuten 
ant-Colonel  J.  O.  Parmlee.  Mai  or  Thomas  R.  Cowell. 
Adjutant  H.  MacSweeney,  Quartermaster  E.  V.  Sel- 
den,  Inspector  Thomas  Conneley,  chief  of  commissary  ; 
Lieutenant  Crawford,  Surgeon  D.  Arters. 

The  Third  Brigade,  which  wore  the  regular  army 
uniform,  numbered  2,700  men.  and  was  com 
manded  by  General  J.  P.  S.  Gobin. 
Hl»  staff  consisted  of  Surgeon-Major  Will- 
lam  H.  Eagle,  Assistant  Surgeon  M.  A.  Gherst; 
ordnance  officer,  Major  John  B.  Bobb ;  commissary, 
Major  William  H.  Horn;  judge  advocate.  Major 
Everett  Warren ;  inspector  of  rifle  practice,  Major 
James  B.  Coryell;  quartermaster,  Major  H.  P.  Moryer; 
aide-de-camp,  Captain  A.  W.  Schultz.  The  regiments 
of  the  Third  Brigade,  with  their  colonels  and  regi 
mental  staffs,  were:  Ninth  Regiment,  eight  companies, 
with  about  350  men— Colonel  M.  J.  Keck,  Major  W. 
C.  Price,  Adjutant  J.  R.  Wright,  Quartermaster  E. 
Q.  Mercur,  Inspector  of  Rifle  Practice,  C.  B.  Dough- 


erty,  Paymaster  S.  C.  Struthers,  Chaplain  J.  W.  Day ; 
aide,  Captain  G.  Wr.  Zelgler.  Eighth  Regi 
ment,  nine  companies,  with  850  men — Colonel 
Frank  J.  Magee.  Lieutenant-Colonel  T.  F.  Hoffman, 
Major  Wallace  Guss,  Surgeon  James  Carpenter,  Ad- 
lutant  J.  A.  P.  Levergood,  Inspector  of  Rifle  Practice 
Frank  Hutten,  Quartermaster  William  F.  Richardson 
and  Chaplain  Daniel  Eberly ;  4th  Regiment,  497  men, 
In  eight  companies— Colonel  S.  D.  Lehr,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  D.  B.  Case,  Major  James  B.  Roney,  Adjutant 
C.  T.  O'Neill,  Quartermaster  WT.  R.  Klein,  Inspector 
of  Rifle  Practice  Morris  Hoats,  Surgeon  J.  B.  Pottlger 
and  Chaplain  T.  C.  Blllheim.  12th  Regiment,  334 
men,  seven  companies— Colonel  Thomas  W.  Lloyd, 
Lleutenant^Colonel  Jonathan  Sweisfort,  Major 
Jacob  P.  Brooke,  Adjutant  William  P. 
Clarke,  Quartermaster  Frank  Forsman,  Surgeon 
Edward  D.  Lumley,  Chaplain  W.  L.  Woodruff; 
13th  Regiment,  seven  companies,  400  men- 
Colonel  E.  H.  Ripple,  Lieutenant-Colonel  H.  A.  Cor- 
son,  Major  John  E.  Fish,  Surgeon  J.  E.  O'Brien,  Quarter, 
master  John  P.  Albro,  Inspector  of  Rifle  Practice 
Herman  Osthaus,  Adjutant  W.  S.  Millar,  Chaplain  S. 
C.  Logan.  Battery  F,  forty-five  men,  Captain  John 
Denlthorne. 


NEW-tfERSEY'S  FOUR  THOUSAND. 

The  New-Jersey  troops  made  a  fine  showing,  march- 
Ing  4,000  strong.  They  appeared  In  the  regulation 
uniform  of  the  United  States  Army.  The  men  In  the 
Gatllng  Gun  Company,  however,  wore  white  coats  and 
red  breeches.  The  troops  formed  at  West-st.  and 
Battery  Place.  On  the  staff  of  Governor  Robert  S. 
Green  were  Brevet  Major-General  William  S.  Strykor, 
adjutant-general;  Brevet  Major-General  Lewis  Per- 
rine,  quartermaster-general;  Brigadier-General  John  D. 
McGill,  surgeon- general ;  Brigadier-General  John  Watts 
Kearny,  inspector-general ;  Brigadier-General  Bird  W. 
Spencer,  inspector-general  of  rifle  practice,  and  Brig 
adier-General  William  F.  Abbett,  judge  advocate-gen 
eral;  aides-de-camp,  Colonels  Charles  W.  Thomas, 
Rufus  King,  George  G.  Green,  William  C.  Heppen- 
h^imer,  Isaac  S.  Snedekor,  George  B.  M.  Harvey,  Do 
Lancey  G.  Walker  and  John  T.  Van  Cleef. 

GENERAL  PLUME  AND  HIS  DIVISION. 

The  staff  of  Division  Commander  Major-General 
Joseph  W.  Plume  was  as  follows :  Colonel  Marvla 
Dodd,  assistant  adjutant-general;  Colonel  George  E.  P. 
Howard,  Inspector;  Colonel  EdVard  L.  Welling,  sur 
geon;  Lieutenant-Colonel  George  W.  Torrlberry,  quar 
termaster;  Lieutena'nt-Colonel  Samuel  Meeker,  pay 
master;  Lieutenant^Colonel  Frederick  S.  Fish,  judge- 
advocate,  and  Colonel  A.  Judson  Clark,  chief  of  ar 
tillery;  aides,  Majors  William  Strange,  WTilllam  'S. 
Rlghter  and  John  A.  Miller,  jr..  Brevet  Major-General 
William  J.  Sewell  commanded  the  Second  Brigade,  and 
on  his  staff  were  Lieutenant-Colonel  Thomas  8. 
Chambers,  assistant  adjutant-general;  Brevet  Colonel 
Daniel  B.  Murphy,  inspector;  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Franklin  Gauntt,  surgeon;  Major  William  M.  Palmer, 
quartermaster;  Major  Kenneth  J.  Duncan,  paymaster; 
Major  Franklin  C.  Woolman,  judge  advocate;  Major 
Alexander  C.  Oliphant,  engineer  and  signal  officer; 
aides,  Captains  Hamilton  Markley  and  J.  BlancharcS 
Edgar. 

The  3d  Regiment  was  commanded  by  Colonel 
Elihu  H.  Ropes,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Benjamin  A,  Lee 
and  Major  Benjamin  P.  Holmes.  On  the  staff  were 
Major  Wilmer  Hodgson,  surgeon ;  Captain  Victor 
Mravlag,  assistant  surgeon;  Captain  Otis  A.  Glaze. 
brook,  chaplain ;  Captain  John  V.  Allstrom,  judge 
advocate ;  and  Captain  Thomas  A.  Curtis,  inspector 
of  rifle  practice. 

The  6th  Regiment  was  led  by  Colonel  William  H. 
Cooper,  Lieutenant-Colonel  George  A.  Cheever  and 
Major  William  H.  Stransbury.  Members  of  the  staff 
were  Captain  George  G.  Felton,  quartermaster; 
Captain  Nathan  Haines,  paymaster;  Major  Edmund? 
L.  B.  Godfrey,  surgeon ;  Captain  Edward  A.  Arm- 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


57 


strong,   judge   advocate,   and   Captain   William   B.   E. 
Miller,  inspector  of  rifle  practice 

At  the  head  of  the  7th  Regiment  were  Colonel 
Richard  A.  Donnelly,  Lieutenant-Colonel  John  C. 
Patterson  and  Major  Michael  Hurley,  and  on  the  stall 
were  Captains  C.  H.  W.  Van  Sciver,  adjutant; 
George  T.  Crammer,  quartermaster;  W.  H.  Earlcy, 
paymaster;  Major  Charles  B.  Leavitt,  surgeon;  and 
Captains  Henry  M.  Barbour,  chaplain,  Francis  C. 
Lowthorp,  jr.,  judge  advocate,  and  Charles  Y.  Bam- 
ford.  Inspector  of  rifle  practice. 

THE  URST  BRIGADE'S  FINE  ARRAY. 

Brigadier-General  Dudley  L.  Steele  commanded  the 
First  Brigade,  and  on  his  staff  were  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  John  A.  Parker,  assistant  adjutant- general; 
Lieutenant-Colonel  H.  Eugene  Hamilton,  Inspector ; 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Aaron  K.  Baldwin,  surgeon;  Major 
Charles  Boltwood,  quartermaster;  Major  Euos  Runyon, 
paymaster;  Major  Robert  I.  Hopper,  judge  advocate; 
Major  Lewis  H.  Broome,  engineer  and  signal  officer; 
aides-de-camp,  Captains  Allen  B.  Wallace  and  S. 
Wood  Me  Clave. 

Commanding  the  5th  Regiment  were  Colonel  Levi 
B.  Barnard,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Abraham  Jenkinson 
and  Major  Edwin  Hoyt.  Among  the  members  of  the 
gtaff  were  Captains  j.  j.  Dooner,  adjutant,  and  Wash 
ington  R.  Russell,  quartermaster ;  Major  Herman  CX 
H.  Herold,  surgeon,  and  Captains  Charles  E.  Hill, 
judge  advoqate,  and  J.  Francis  Hill,  inspector  of 
rifle  practice. 

At  the  head  of  the  1st  Regiment  were  Colonel 
Edward  A.  Campbell,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Ebenezer 
W.  Davis  and  Major  R.  Heber  Brlentnall.  On  the 
staff  were  Captains  J.  L.  Marsh,  adjutant;  G.  W. 
Church,  quartermaster;  Major  David  L.  Wallace, 
surgeon;  Captain  Hannibal  Goodwin,  chaplain;  Cap 
tain  John  L.  Johnson,  judge  advocate,  and  Captain 
W.  H.  Howard,  inspector  of  rifle  practice. 

At  the  head  of  the  2d  Regiment  were  Colonel  Edwin 
A.  Stevens,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Charles  Erlenkotter 
and  Major  Ramon  M.  Cook,  and  on  the  staff  were 
Captain  John  R.  Stevens,  paymaster ;  Major  William 
T.  Kudlich.  surgeon ;  Captain  George  C.  Houghton, 
chaplain;  Captain  James  F.  Mlnturn,  judge  advocate, 
and  Charles  H.  Eugene  Haddenhorst,  inspector  of 
rifle  practice. 

The  4th  Regiment  was  headed  by  Colonel  P.  Farmer 
Wanser,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Hugh  H.  Abernethy,  and 
Major  William  B.  Mason.  Among  the  members  of 
the  staff  were  Captain  Frank  J.  Mathews,  paymaster; 
Major  Mortimer  Lampson,  surgeon;  Captain  John  L. 
Scudder,  chaplain ;  Captain  John  Brlggs,  judge-ad 
vocate,  and  Captain  Abram  P.  Bush,  inspector  of 
rifle  practice 

The  2d  Battalion  was  commanded  by  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  James  V.  Moore  and  Major  Stephen  H.  V. 
Moore.  On  the  staff  were  Captains  Charles  W. 
Springer,  adjutant;  Michael  S.  Vreeland,  quarter 
master,  William  P.  De  Graw,  paymaster;  Major 
Melancthon  S.  Ayres,  surgeon ;  Captain  Harvey 
Iser»an,  chaplain;  Captain  John  M.  Knapp,  judge- 
advocate,  and  Captain  James  V.  Moore,  inspector  of 
rifle  practice. 

Heading  the  3d  Battalion  was  Major  Edward  H. 
Snyder,  and  on  his  staff  were  Major  James  Y.  Simpson, 
surgeon,  and  Captains  Joseph  K.  Field,  Judge-advocate, 
and  David  A.  Bell,  inspector  of  rifle  practice. 

Major  Samuel  V.  L.  Muzzy  commanded  the  1st 
Battalion.  Among  the  members  of  his  staff  were 
Major  Charles  F.  W.  Myers,  surgeon ;  Captain  Charles 
D.  Shaw,  chaplain ;  Captain  A.  A.  Wilcox,  judge- 
advocate,  and  Captain  Edmond  G.  Edwards,  Inspector 
of  rifle  practice.  Alexander  C.  Newmann  was  division 


color-bearer,   and   Lewis   W.   Newmann    was   division 
bugler. 

FOUR  BRIGADES  FROM  OHIO, 

The  Ohio  troops  began  to  leave  their  quaarters  In 
Webster.  Neilson  and  Everett  Halls  soon  after  8 
o'clock,  and  marched  by  way  of  the  Bowery  to  their 
assigned  places  In  John  and  William  sts.  and  Burllnj? 
Slip.  The  order  of  Adjutant-General  Axllne  for  the 
day  divided  the  Ohio  contingent,  which  numbered 
nearly  4,000  men,  into  four  brigades  as  follows:  First 
Brigade,  Colonel  J.  C.  Entrekln  commanding,  compris 
ing  the  1st,  2d,  3d  and  6th  Regiments.  Second 
Brigade,  Colonel  George  D.  Freeman  commanding, 
comprising  the  9th  Battalion  (colored  troops)  and 
the  13th,  14th  and  16th  Regiments.  Third  Brigade, 
Colonel  E.  J.  Pocock  commanding,  comprising  the  5th, 
8th  and  17th  Regiments.  Fourth  Brigade,  Colonel 
Louis  Smlthnlght  commanding,  1st  Regiment,  Ohio 
Light  Artillery. 

The  Cleveland  Troop,  a  "  crack"  cavalry  company, 
was  here  to  act  as  escort  to  Governor  Joseph  B. 
Foraker,  commander-ln-chlef.  There  were  fifty  of  them 
present  with  their  own  horses.  The  members  of 
Governor  Foraker's  staff  we;re  the  following :  Adjutant 
and  inspector-general  and  chief  of  staff,  Henry  A. 
Axllne,  of  Zanesvllle ;  quartermaster  and  commissary- 
general,  Brigadier-General  Asa  S.  Bushnell.  of  Spring, 
field;  judge-advocate-general,  Brigadier-General  Asa- 
hel  W.  Jones,  Cincinnati;  aides-de-camp,  Colonels 
Lowe  Emerson,  Cincinnati ;  George  P.  Waldorf.  Lima ; 
George  L.  Couch,  Wellington;  Harry  C.  Sheward. 
Steubenville ;  Charles  E.  Groce,  CIrclevIlle ;  Moses  H, 
Neil,  Columbus;  Samuel  W.  Trost.  Cincinnati,  and 
Henry  B.  Wilson,  Ironton;  Captains,  J.  B.  Foraker,  jr., 
H.  D.  Emerson  and  Walter  Short. 

There  were  full  brass  and  reed  bands  with  the  1st. 
6th,  8th,  14th  and  17th  Regiments,  and  the  entire 
force  was  uniformed  and  equipped  according  to  the 
rules  of  .the  Regular  Army.  George 
Garretson.  the  captain  of  the  Cleveland  Troop, 
is  president  of  the  Cleveland  National 
Bank  of  Commerce.  Jacob  Perkins,  a  corporal,  la 
worth  several  millions  of  dollars.  The  commissary 
sergeant  Is  Webb  C.  Hayes,  sou  of  the  ex-President. 

Following  is  the  detailed  order  of  the  regiments 
with  their  chief  officers :  First  Regiment,  headquarters 
Cincinnati,  400  men;  Colonel  Frederick  W.  Moore-, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Morton  L.  Hawkins,  Majors  James 
Pettibone  and  Abe  L.  Whitney.  Second  Regiment, 
headquarters  Kenton,  325  men;  Colonel  James  C. 
Howe,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Alfred  B.  Probert,  Majors 
Hiram  F.  Collins  and  Bryon  M.  Clendenning.  Third 
Regiment,  headquarters  Covington,  310  men;  Colonel 
W.  M.  Williamson,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Harry  H.  Will 
iams,  Majors  Peter  B.  Rench  and  Eli  Davis. 
Fifth  Regiment,  headquarters  Cleveland,  300  men; 
Colonel  Frederick  H.  Flick  being  absent,  the  regiment 
was  commanded  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  John  W.  Gib 
bons;  Majors,  Herman  Mayer  and  David  W.  Johns. 
Sixth  Regiment  (1st  battalion),  headquarters  Chlllicothe, 
2->5  men;  Colonel  John  C.  Entrekin,  Lieutenant 
Colonel  B.  H.  Millikan,  Majors  George  Titus  and 
Arthur  L.  Hamilton.  Eighth  Regiment,  headquarters 
Alliance,  300  men  ;  Colonel  George  R.  Gyger,  Lieu- 
re  nan  t  Col  on  el  Curtis  V.  Hard.  Majors  Emmet  F  Taggart 
and  Charles  W.  F.  Dick.  Ninth  Battalion  (colored)  head- 
quarters  Columbus,  48  men  ;  Major-commanding  U  illiam 
Townsend.  Thirteenth  Regiment,  250  m^n.  headquarters 
Dayton;  Colonel  William  J.  White.  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Charles  D.  Thompson,  Major  Edward  Rott.  Fourteenth 
Regiment,  headquarters  Columbus;  Colonel  G.  D. 
Freeman;  Lieutenant-Colonel  Alonzo  B.  Colt  com. 
manded  In  the  absence  01  the  colonel; 
Majors  Thaddeus  R.  Fletcher  and  H.  A.  Guitner. 
Sixteenth  Regiment,  headquarters  Sandusky.  300  men; 
Colonel  Charles  M.  Keyes,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Henry  S. 
Bunker,  Majors  M.  B.  Lemmon  and  E.  B.  Klncr. 
Seventeenth  Regiment,  headquarters  Columbus.  350 


58 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


men;  Colonel  Edgar  J.  Pocock,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Gary  W.  Montgomery,  Major  Edward  A.  Beverly. 
First  Regiment,  Light  Artillery,  headquarters  Cleve 
land,  250  men ;  Colonel  Louis  Smlthnlght,  LleutenanU 
Colonel  George  Snitz,  Majors  Edmund  'J.  Brush  and 
Edward  O'Dana. 

— ^._ 

MEN  FROM  THE  OLD  BAY  STATE. 

The  Massachusetts  troops  formed  at  Pearl  and  White 
hall  sts.,  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  being  the 
first  to  appear  on  the  ground,  at  9  :20  o'clock.  Gen 
eral  Banks  was  marching  on  foot,  and  looked  as  young 
and  vigorous  as  he  did  ten  years  ago.  At  11:30  the 
line  was  formed,  with  Governor  Ames  at  Its  head,  fol 
lowed  by  his  staff,  which  consisted  of  General  Dalton 
and  Colonels  Rotch,  Hoar,  Rockwell,  Simpson,  Welling 
ton,  Weil,  Barrett,  Wallace  and  Menard.  Colonel  Cur 
rier  was  detailed  on  General  Schofield's  staff. 

Following  marched  the  1st  Corps  of  Boston  Cadets, 
who  were  the  Governor's  escort,  Colonel  Thomas  F. 
Edmonds  commanding.  This  corps  was  organized  In 
1741,  and  Is  the  oldest  military  body  In  the  State  of 
Massachusetts.  The  uniform  of  white  coat,  blue 
trousers  and  black  hat  is  particularly  handsome  and 
attractive.  The  staff  consisted  of  Major  George  R. 
Rogers,  Adjutant  J.  E.  R.  Hill,  Quartermaster  Charles 
C.  Melcher,  Surgeon  William  M.  Richardson,  Assistant- 
Surgeon  Charles  M.  Green,  Paymaster  Charles  E.  Ste 
vens,  and  Inspector  of  Rifle  Practice  William  O. 
Hayes,  2d. 

Next  came  the  2d  Corps  of  Salem  Cadets,  who, 
wore  red  coats,  blue  trousers  and  trimmings,  black 
helmets  and  red  plumes.  They  were  organized  In 
1785,  and  had  199  men  present.  Lieutenant-Colonel 
J.  Frank  Dalton  was  in  command,  the  staff  consist 
ing  of  Major  J.  W.  Hart,  Adjutant  Andrew  Fitz, 
Quartermaster  E.  A.  Slmonds,  Paymaster  C.  A.  Maloon, 
Surgeon  B.  R.  Symons,  Inspector  of  Rifle  Practice 
W.  H.  Merritt,  Chaplain  E.  C.  Butler. 

Then  followed  the  5th  Massachusetts  Regiment, 
with  800  men  present,  under  command  of  Colonel 
Bancroft.  On  the  staff  were  Lleulenant-Colouel  Cro§s, 
Major  Whitney,  Major  .Oakes,  Adjutant  Ballard 
Quartermaster  Barnes,  Surgeon  Foster,  Assistant-Sur 
geon  Hill,  Paymaster  Sutton,  Inspector  of  Rifle  Prac 
tice  Robert  Edes.  Next  came  the  Ancient  and  Hon 
orable  Artillery,  with  General  N.  P.  Banks  at  its 
head,  the  staff  being  Captain  James  A.  Forbes. 
Colonel  Edward  WTyman,  Captains  A.  A.  Folsom,  Will- 
Tam  H™  C!n<1y>  c-  w-  Stevens,  A.  Whitamore  am 
John  Mack,  and  Colonel  Henry  Walker,  chief  of 

fT\®  Massachusetts  trooPs  Passed  from  Pearl-st 
nto  \\hitehall  and  swung  into  line  in  fine  style,  show- 
Ing  the  training  and  efficiency  of  veterans,  while 
the  dense  crowd  which  had  formed  at  this  point  sent 
cheer  upon  cheer  after  them  as  they  marched  on  up 


NEWrHAMPSHIEE   AND   HER  QUOTA. 

From  the  granite  rocks  of  New-Hampshire  came 
1,200  boys  In  blue  to  swell  the  triumphal  march. 
A  sturdy,  strong  brigade  they  made,  a  wall  that  many 
a  wave  of  steel  might  dash  Itself  against  In  vain. 
There  were  three  regiments  and  an  independent  com 
pany  in  this  command,  the  1st,  2d  and  3d  regiments, 
and  the  Continental  Guards,  the  latter,  thirty  strong, 
being  dressed  in  the  old  Continental  uniform  of  1789. 
All  three  of  the  regiments  were  uniformed  In  the 
regulation  blue  coat,  trousers,  with  white  facings,  and 
black  helmets  and  belts  with  brass  trimmings. 
Colonel  G.  M.  L.  Lane  commanded  the  1st  Regiment, 
with  the  following  staff:  Lieutenant-Colonel  S.  Cam- 
mon,  Major  P.  A.  Devine,  Adjutant  F.  Eaton,  Surgeon 
J.  Porter.  The  regiment  turned  out  seven  companies 
strong,  with  about  550  men  in  the  ranks. 

Colonel  E.  J.  Copp  was  the  commander  of  the  2d 
Regiment,  his  staff  consisting  of  Lieutenant-Colonel 
A.  W.  Metcalf,  Major  C.  W.  Stevens,  Adjutant  E.  C.  | 


Flaxon,  Surgeons  George  W.  Flag  and  W.  H.  Nute, 
Pay  master  C.  A.  Roby  and  Chaplain  C.  S.  Collins. 
Tliis  regiment  also  contained  seven  companies, 
comprising  400  men.  The  3d  Regiment  was  under 
thu.  command  of  Colonel  J.  N.  Patterson,  his  staff 
being  Lieutenant-Colonel  True  Sanborn,  Major  Nathan 
W.  Randlett,  Surgeon  I.  A.  Watson,  Assistant  Surgeon 
F.  R.  Moffatt,  Paymaster  G.  R.  Leavltt,  Quartermaster 
H.  B.  Silley,  and  Adjutant  F.  H.  Hall.  The  3d  Regi 
ment  paraded  300  strong,  In  seven  companies.  Each 
regiment  had  an  excellent  drum  and  fife  corps. 


TROOPS  FROM  MANY  STATES. 

The  State  of  Virginia  was  represented  by  1,000  men, 
ana  the  appearance  of  both  cavalry  and  foot  was 
creditable  to  the  Old  Dominion.  Governor  Fitz  Hugh 
Lee  hao"  an  escort  of  the  Stuart  Horse  Guards,  about 
fifty  strong,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Charles 
Euker.  They  were  a  well-mounted  body  of  men  In 
gray  uniforms  with  yellow  facings.  A  conspicuous 
organization  in  the  detachment  was  the  Richmond 
Light  Infantry  Blues  in  a  picturesque  uniform,  a  blue 
tunic,  with  white  facings  and  silver  trimmings,  and 
patent  leather  helmet  with  white  plume.  This  or 
ganization,  which  was  formed  in  1789,  was  under  the 
command  of  Captain  Sol  Cutchins.  The  Stonewall 
Band,  of  Staunton,  In  scarlet  tunics  faced  with 
gold,  headed  the  Blues,  who  were  about  200  strong. 
The  strongest  body  numerically  in  the  detachment  was 
the  4th  Regiment  Virginia  Volunteers,  numbering 
about  750  men.  The  uniform  of  the  regiment  was  the 
regulation  gray  tunic  with  white  facings.  The  staff 
officers  were  Colonel  H.  C.  Hudgins,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Thomas  Smith,  Adjutant  J.  S.  Jenkins;  Major  C.  A. 
Nash,  Surgeon  L.  A.  Bilisoli,  Captain  James  H.  Walker, 
Captain  Samuel  Hodges  and  Captain  Washington  Tay 
lor. 

THE,  GEEEN  MOUNTAIN  SOLDIERS. 

The  Vermont  troops  were  officered  as  follows : 
Brigade  commander,  General  W.  L.  Greenleaf;  as 
sistant  adjutant-general,  Lieutenant-Colonel  M.  D. 
Greene;  assistant  quartermaster- general,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  William  Smith;  provost  marshal,  Major  R. 
J.  Coffrey ;  inspector  of  rifle  practice,  C.  H.  Spooner. 
First  Regiment— Colonel  J.  J.  Esty,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
C.  C.  Kinsman,  Major  G.  H.  Bond,  Adjutant  J.  A. 
Lilly,  Quartermaster  C.  H.  Fuller,  Surgeon  J.  C. 
Rutherford,  Chaplain  H.  F.  Hill.  First  Separate 
Battalion— Major  J.  C.  Moulton,  Adjutant  M.  L. 
Powell,  Quartermaster  E.  C.  Skinner,  Assistant  Sur 
geon  W.  R.  Prince.  One  regiment  was  uniformed  In 
light  gray  with  white  trimmings  and  the  other  la 
blue.  The  troops  numbered  about  700. 

DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA    MILITIA. 

At  10:15  a.  m.  Pearl-st.  heard  the  muslo  of  the 
band  of  the  District  of  Columbia  as  it  headed  the 
troops  of  the  District,  Colonel  W.  G.  Moore  command 
ing.  His  staff  was  composed  of  Captain  Harrison 
Digman,  acting  adjutant-general;  adjutant,  Captain 
C.  C.  M.  Loefller ;  quartermaster,  A.  W.  Kelly;  surgeon, 
H.  E.  Leech,  and  ordnance  officer,  Captain  E.  G. 
Wheeler.  Behind  the  staff  formed  a  battalion,  Wash-1 
Ington  Light  Infantry,  commanded  by  Captain  W. 
N.  Dalton,  a  serviceable  body  that  moved  as  If  they 
knew  what  drilling  was.  They  were  uniformed  In 
Austrian  white  tunics,  with  blue  facings  and  gold 
epaulets,  headdress  of  bearskin  and  light  blue  trou 
sers.*- The  battalion  mustered  170  men.  The  re 
mainder  of  the  District  militia  were  the  Corcoran 
Cadets,  Captain  E.  C.  Edwards,  in  blue  with  white 
facings  and  a  neat  blue  fatigue  cap;  the  National 
Fencibles,  Captain  C.  S.  Domer,  In  dark  green  with 
yellow  facings;  four  battalions  of  District  mllltla; 
two  colored  companies,  under  command  of  Major  F. 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


59 


C.  Revells,  in  dark  blue  with  buff  facings,  completed 
this  force,  which  mustered  a  total  roll  of  700  men. 
A  GOOD  SHOWING  FROM  CONNECTICUT. 

The  Connecticut  troops  formed  on  Beaver-st.,  near 
Whitehall.  Governor  Morgan  G.  Bulkeley  was  at  the 
bead  of  the  line.  Accompanying  him  were  the  mem 
bers  of  his  official  staff,  all  mounted.  They  were 
Adjutant. General  Lucius  A.  Barlow,  Quartermaster- 
General  William  B.  Rudd,  Surgeon-General  Henry 
Hungerford,  Commissary-General  E.  S.  Boss,  Pay 
master-General  Wallace  T.  Fenn.  Aides— Colonel 
William  C.  Skinner,  James  T.  Fairman  and  William 
6.  Chappell ;  Assistant  Adjutant-General  George  M. 
Whit«,  Assistant  Quartermaster-General  Henry  Morgan 
and  Lieutenant  Elmer  W.  Hubbell,  1st  U.  S. 
Artillery,  specially  assigned  to  the  Governor's  staff. 

The  first  company  of  the  Governor's  Foot  Guard  of 
Hartford  were  all  tall  and  made  a  fine  appearance. 
Their  handsome  uniform  was  a  reproduction  of  the  old 
British  grenadier  uniform.  They  wore  bear-skin  helmets 
scarlet  embroidered  coats,  white  duck  trousers  and 
velvet  leggings.  They  were  led  by  Major.  J.  C. 
Klnney.  The  company  consisted  in  all  of  104  men. 
The  4th  Regiment  of  the  Connecticut  National  Guard 
formed  next  the  Foot  Guards.  They  wore  dark-blue 
coats,  light-blue  trousers  and  leather  leggings.  The 
regiment's  headquarters  are  at  Bridgeport.  The  roll- 
call  showed  550  members  present  yesterday.  Colonel 
Thomas  L.  Watson  commanded.  The  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  was  Henry  Skinner  and  the  Major  was  James 
C.  Crome. 

TWO    REGIMENTS    FROM    MISSOURI. 

Two  regiments  of  the  Missouri  State  National  Guard 
were  under  the  command  of  Governor  David  R.  Francis, 
who  was  accompanied  by  the  following  staff  :  Brigadier- 
General  J.  A.  Wickham,  Adjutant-General;  Brigadier- 
General  Lon  v.  Stephens,  Generals  J.  M.  Lewis  and 
Charles  Moffltt.  Colonels  John  H.  Garth,  John  Carroll, 
Winslow  J  udson  and  C.  P.  Ellebre. 

The  3d  Regiment,  from  Kansas  City,  preceded  by 
Its  band,  headed  the  column,  and  showed  400  men  in 
line.  The  regiment  was  commanded  by  Colonel  Milton 
Moore.  The  regiment  wore  uniforms  of  dark  blue 
with  white  facings,  fatigue  caps  and  black  belts. 
Behind  them  formed  the  1st  Regiment,  of  St.  Louis. 
It  consisted  of  five  companies,  numbering  200  men, 
and  was  commanded  by  Colonel  Charles  D.  Comfort 
The  men  wore  the  Regular  Army  infantry  fatitmo 
uniform  of  dark  blue,  with  white  facings,  and  fatigue 
caps,  and  presented  a  neat  and  soldierlike  appearance. 

THE  GALLANT  MEN  OF  MARYLAND. 
The  Maryland  men  made  a  fine  appearance.  Their 
gallant  bearing,  their  soldierly  stop,  their  even  lines 
and  their  trim  uniforms  formed  a  pleasing  and  a 
stirring  picture,  that  compelled  the  admiration  and 
applause  of  the  multitudes  of  spectators  from  the 
starting-point  to  Fifty-seventh-st.  Nearly  every  con 
siderable  town  In  the  State  was  represented  in  the 
Maryland  contingent. 

DELAWARE'S  BEST  FOOT  FORWARD. 
The  1st  Delaware  Regiment  formed  at  Wijliam  and 
Beaver  sts.  at  9  o'clock,  taking  up  position  behind 
the  Naval  Brigade.  The  regiment  consisted  of  nine 
companies  of  infantry,  and  one  company.  Troop  B. 
of  cavalry,  numbering  in  all  444  men.  The  troops 
were  commanded  by  Colonel  George  W.  Mai-shall, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  A.  S.  Kirk,  Major  C.  M.  Kerry,  i 
They  wore  tie  regulation  uniform  of  the  Nalional 
Guard,  black  helmets,  white  gloves  and  dark  uni. 
forms,  with  white  stripes  on  the  trousers.  The  fol 
lowing  companies  were  in  line :  Company  A,  Wilming 
ton  ;  Company  D,  Dover;  Company  B.  Milford;  Com 
pany  F,  Wilmington;  Company  H,  Newcastle;  Com-  | 


paay  E,  Wyoming;  Company  G,  Georgetown;  Com 
pany  I,  Laurel;  Company  U,  Wilmington,  and  CavaJry 
Troop  B,  Wilmington.  The  1st  Regiment  Band  of 
Wilmington  and  tJie  Wilmington  Fife  and  Drum  Corps, 
dressed  in  light-blue  uniforms,  led  the  troops. 

RHODE  ISLAND'S  MILITARY  MEN. 

The  provisional  regiment  from  Little  Rhody  num 
bered,  all  told,  400  men.  Their  chief  officers  wer«  as 
follows :  Colonel  William  H.  Thornton ;  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  James  H.  McGann ;  Major  J.  Albert  Brown ; 
Adjutant  Arthur  V.  Warfield ;  Quartermaster,  Thomas 
Brady;  Surgeon  George  A.  Hrug;  Chaplain,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  F.  Doran.  The  1st  Machine  Gun  Battery  was 
commanded  by  Captain  W.  Ely.  The  Newport 
Artillery  was  commanded  as  follows :  Colonel  Jere 
W.  Horton ;  Lieutenant-Colonel  G.  A.  Brown ;  Major, 
G.  C.  Shaw. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA'S  BATTALION. 

Few  regiments  of  its  size  attracted  more  attention 
than  did  the  South  Carolina  battalion,  commanded 
by  Brigadier- General  R.  W.  Richbourg,  Major  W.  A- 
Metts,  adj  utant- general,  second  in  command.  Thm 
men  formed  In  line  In  Stone-st.,  by  the  Produce  Ex 
change  Building.  The  battalion  is  made  up  of  sev 
eral  companies  all  having  distinctive  uniforms,  flags 
and  badges.  The  Washington  Light  Infantry,  one 
of  the  oldest  military  organizations  In 
America,  led,  and  acted  as  a  guard  to 
the  famous  Revolutionary  Eutaw  flag,  the  only  one 
now  existing.  A  large  number  of  bullet  holes  and 
a  sabre  cut  are  sewed  with  yellow  silk,  which  on 
the  blue  field  has  a  curious  but  interesting  effect 
Henry  Tovey,  a  veteran  of  the  war,  carries  the  flag 
and  revels  In  the  original  title  of  "  South  Carolina's 
only  private."  The  organizations  present  were  the 
First  Company,*  Governor's  Guards,  commanded  by 
Colonel  Wylie  Jones;  Washington  Light  Infantry, 
commanded  by  Major  R.  C.  Gilchrist;  the  Marion  Rltias. 
commanded  by  Captain  Pierre  Wilcox ;  the  Richland 
Volunteer  Company,  Capfain  Charles  Newbam;  the 
Morgan  Rifles,  Captain  B.  C.  Jennings ;  Butler  Guards, 
Captain  E.  Bacon ;  the  Lee  Light  Infantry,  Captain  G. 
D.  Heath.  The  regiment  numbered  only  350  men. 
At  10 :30  a.  m.  Governor  J.  P.  Richardson,  of  the 
"  Palmetto  State,"  arrived  in  an  open  carriage  with  his 
aides,  and  was  greeted  with  a  "wild  rebel  yell"  which 
startled  several  Union  veterans  who  at  once  pro 
ceeded  to  make  friends  with  their  ancient  foes.  Cap 
tain  W.  V.  Byrne,  of  the  12th  Regiment  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y., 
who  was  captured  by  the  2d  Regiment,  of  South  Caro 
lina  during  the  late  war,  took  from  his  breast  a  hand 
some  bronze  badge  and  pinned  it  among  the  many 
other  medals  which  decorated  the  Governor.  The  ad- 
jutant-general,  Major  W.  A.  Metts,  received  a  slight 
injury  to  his  right  leg  and  a  few  bruises  by  his  horse 
slipping  on  a  car-track  and  falling  on  him." 

THE  BLUE  GRASS  STATE,*S  CONTINGENT. 
The  Louisville  Legion,  300  men,  made  up  the  de 
tachment  fix>m  Kentucky.  Governor  S.  B.  Buckner 
was  at  their  head.  The  officers  were  AdjutantrGen- 
eral  &  E.  Hill,  Colonel  John  B.  Castleman,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  W.  H.  Coon,  Major  James  P.  Kelley,  Adjutant 
J.  B.  Smith.  The  uniform  of  the  regiment  con 
sisted,  of  a  dark  blue  short  frock  coat,  white  trimmings, 
cross  belt,  light  blue  trousers  and  white  helmet  and 
plume.  The  music  corps  numbered  fifty-six  men. 

THE  TROOPS  TROM  WEST  VIRGINIA. 
The  West  Virginia  militia  marched  down  from  the 
Germanla  Assembly  rooms  and  took  up  their  ap 
pointed  position  on  Pine-st  at  11  p.  m.  They  made 
a  most  creditable  muster  of  200  men,  looking  smart 
in  their  State  uniform  and  their  well-kept  accoutre 
ments.  This  regiment  was  commanded  by  Colonel 
I.  W.  A.  Ford,  having  for  Adjutant  Captain  William 
Nelll.  It  consisted  of  the  following  four  companies  ? 
Ritchie  Guard,  Captain  W.  S.  Hamilton;  Goff  Guard'i 
Captain  E.  H.  Lloyd;  Hinton  Guard,  Captain  H.  S. 
Johnston;  Jeffenon  Guard,  Captain  Wyatt. 

LOUISIANA'S  CITIZEN  SOLDIERY. 
The  State  of  Louisiana  was  well  represented  in  the 
First  Brigade,  mustering  180  men,  who  assembled  in 
Platt-sL,  the  right  of  line  resting  on  William-st 
The  troops  were  under  command,  of  Brigadier-Gen 
eral  Adolf  Myer,  with  Colonel  John  D.  Scott,  chief-ol- 


60 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


staff  of  the  First  Military  District,  L.  S.  N.  G. ; 
Lieutenant-Colonel  C.  L.  Walker,  adjutant-general; 
Major  W.  A.  Brand,  Major  F.  A.  Kenan  and  Captain 
Edward  Jonas  as  members  of  his  staff.  The  line 
was  headed  by  three  batteries  of  the  Washington 
Artillery,  of  New-Orleans,  one  of  the  oldest  artillery 
coips  In  the  country,  which  saw  service  in  the 
Mexican  and  Civil  Ware,  and  the  beautiful  colors  01 
which  bear  the  names  of  over  fifty  battles.  The  stall 
officers  of  the  regiment  in  line  were  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  J.  B.  Richardson,  Captain  E.  R.  Kursheedt, 
adjutant  of  the  regiment;  Captain  J.  H.  De  Grange 
and  Captain  Alfred  T.  Baker.  The  regiment  mustered 
130  men,  Including  the  band.  In  the  rear  of  the 
Washington  Artillery  came  the  Louisiana  Field  Ar 
tillery,  fifty  strong,  commanded  by  Captain  W.  H. 
Beonham.  They  were  headed  by  the  drum  corps  of 
Sedgwick  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  and  were  a  fine-looking 
body  of  men. 

THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  MEN. 
The  Governor's  Guard,  from  Raleigh,  N.  C.,  muster 
ing  100  strong,  formed  an  escort  to  Governor  Daniel 
G.  Fowle  and  his  stair.  The  Governor  rode  at  the 
head  of  the  division  In  a  carriage,  with  Adjutant- 
General  J.  D.  Glenn  and  Quartermaster-General  F.  A. 
Olds.  Captains  W.  B.  Grimes  and  R.  Percy  Gray 
acted  as  aides,  and  Colonel  John  W.  Cotten  and 
Major  E.  G.  Harnell  were  in  command.  The  Edge- 
combe  Guards,  of  Tarboro,  in  light  uniforms, 
followed  the  Governor's  Guards.  They  were  com 
manded  by  Captain  W.  J.  Burnett. 

GOVERNOR  I/UOE   HEADS  MICHIGAN'S  MEN. 

Governor  Cyrus  C.  Luce  commanded  the  Michigan 
detachment  which,  while  not  numerous,  presented  a 
fine  appearance  and  was  greeted  with  frequent  ap- 

S'ause.  Governor  Luce's  staff  consisted  of  Brlga- 
er-General  D.  B.  Ainger,  Colonel  J.  S.  Rogers,  ad 
jutant-general;  Major  H.  L.  Rogers  and  Lieutenant 
F.  S.  Strong.  The  column  was  headed  by  seventy  cadets 
from  the  Orchard  Lake  Academy,  under  command  of 
Major  George  Harvey.  The  boys  looked  soldierly  in 
their  handsome  uniforms  of  light  gray  spike  coats, 
white  duck  trousers,  white  helmets  and  belts.  They 
were  followed  by  a  company  of  the  Detroit  Light  In 
fantry,  which  mustered  forty-five  men,  commanded  by 
Lieutenant  H.  B.  Lathrop  and  J.  E.  Dupont.  They 
wore  dark-blue  frock  coats,  and  trousers  with  gold- 
lace  facings,  wLite  fur  shakos,  and  white  belts.  Their 
marching  and  drilling  evoked  loud  applausa  all  along 
the  route. 

A  RIFLE,  COMPANY  FROM  FLORIDA. 
Florida  was  represented  only  by  the  Ocala  Rifles, 
forty  men.  commanded  by  Captain  G.  Nash.  Their 
uniform  was  a  striking  one,  a  light-blue  coat  with 
white  facing  and  darkrblue  epaulets,  light-blue  trous 
ers  with  broad  white  stripes,  and  a  black  helmet  with 
dark-blue  plumes.  The  men  had  a  smart  appearance, 
and  were  heartily  cheered  by  the  men  of  the  13th 
Regiment,  of  Brooklyn,  who  were  halted  next  to  them 
In  Williamrst. 


THE  GRAND  ARMY'S  PART  IN  THE  PARADE. 

ABOUT  8,000  COMRADES  IN  LINE,  INCLUDING  THE 

BROOKLYN  POSTS. 

Before  8  o'clock  yesterday  morning  the  several 
posts  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  began  to  take 
th«  places  assigned  to  them,  in  ranks,  in  the  streets  on 
either  side  of  Fifth-ave.,  from  Fifteenth  to  Twenty-first 
sts.  Inclusive.  Tno  formations  under  the  several 
division  marshals  were  skilfully  and  promptly  made, 
BO  that  when  the  "  assembly"  sounded  at  8  :30  Grand 
Marshal  Walton  was  ready  to  move  his  command.  The 
column  moved  down  Fifth-ave.,  the  carriage  contain 
ing  Department-Commander  Harrison  Clark  and  the 
National  Commandor-In-Chi»f,  Major  William  Warner, 
leading.  Then  came  the  National  and  Department 
staffs:  Eugene  F.  Weigel,  Adjutant-General; 
Joseph  Hadfi«ld,  Junior  Vlce-Commander-in-Chief ; 
Senior  VIce-Department-Commandcr  J.  K.  Hood ;  Jun 
ior  Vice-Department-Commander  W.  L,  Scott;  G.  A.  R. 
Commission  and  Council  of  Administration,  Past  Na 


tional  and  Department  Commanders.  New- York  State 
Representatives  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  Henry  E.  Turner  com 
manding. 

The  First  Division  came  next.  It  was  mado  up  as 
follows  :  Robert  J.  Clyde,  marshal ;  band  ;  aides ; 
Dahlgren  Post,  No.  113;  James  McQuade  Post.  No. 
557 ;  guests  of  James  McQuade  Post,  No.  557 ;  John  F. 
McQuada  Post,  No.  14,  of  Utica;  George  B.  McClellan 
Post,  No.  552 ;  John  A.  Rawlins  Post,  No.  80 ;  Mitchell 
Post,  No.  559 ;  Horace  B.  Claflin  Post,  No.  578. 

Grand  Marshal  William  P.  Walton,  the  broad  yellow 
sash  of  a  major-general  designating  his  rank,  rode  be. 
hind  the  First  Division,  accompanied  by  his  mounted 
staff  and  aides.  The  other  divisions  then  fell  Into  line 
In  the  following  order: 

Second  Division— Alexander  Newburger,  marshal.  Band. 
Aides.  John  A.  Dix  Post,  No.  135 ;  James  C.  Rice  Post, 
No.  29  ;  Gllsa  Post,  No.  264  ;  Sumner  Post,  No.  24  •  Noah 
L-.  Farnham  Post,  No.  258. 

Third  Division — David  S.  Brown,  marshal.  Band.  Aides. 
Peter  Cooper  Post,  No.  582 ;  Cameron  Post,  No.  79 ;  Vet 
eran  Post,  No.  436;  Phil  Sheridan  Post,  No.  233;  Lincoln 
Post,  No.  13 ;  George  G.  Meade  Post,  No.  38 ;  Vanclerbilb 
Post,  No.  136;  William  D.  Kennedy  Post,  No.  42. 

Fourth  Division— Samuel  F.  Pease,  marshal.  Band. 
Aides.  Judson  Kilpatrick  Post,  No.  143;  Oliver  Tilden 
Post,  No.  06 ;  Phil  Kearney  Post,  No.  8 ;  Adam  Goss 
Post,  No.  330;  Naval  Post,  No.  516;  Edward  II.  Wade 
Post,  No.  520. 

Fifth  Division— Henry  Kloeher,  marshal.  Band.  Aides. 
James  Shields  Post,  No.  69 ;  Edwin  D.  Morgan  Post-  No. 
307 ;  Horace  Greeley  Post,  No.  577 ;  Ellsworth  Post,  No. 
67 ;  Koltes  Post,  No.  32. 

Sixth  Division— Charles  F.  G.  Golden,  marshal.  Band, 
Aides.  Fred  Hecker  Post,  No.  408 ;  Reno  Post,  No.  44 ; 
Alexander  Hamilton  Post,  No.  182 ;  Wads  worth  Post,  No. 
77 ;  Steiuwehr  Post,  No.  192 ;  John  E.  Bendix  Post,  No. 
402. 

Seventh  Division— John  Payne,  marshal.  Band.  Aides. 
Hans  Powell  Post,  No.  68;  Joe  Hooker  Post,  No.  128; 
Guests  of  Joe  Hooker  Post,  No.  128;  Garneld  Post,  No.  4, 
of  New-Jersey;  Fairagut  Post,  No.  75;  Thau.  Stevens 
Tost,  No.  255 ;  John  A.  Andrew  Post,  No.  234 ;  General 
M.  Corcoran  Post,  No.  427. 

Eighth  Division— John  Shotts,  marshal.  Band.  Aides. 
Westchester  County  Association  ;  Daniel  L.  Downing  Post, 
No.  365,  Glen  Cove,  L.  I.  ;  Richmond  Post,  No.  524,  Port 
Richmond,  S.  I.  ;  Ringold  Post,  No.  283,  Hunter's  Point, 
L.  I.  ;  Ed.  Huntting  Post,  No.  353,  Orient,  L.  I. ;  Farns- 
worth  Post,  No.  170,  Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y. 

Ninth  Division— Richard  A.  Banta,  marshal.  Band. 
Aides.  Veteran  Zouaves;  United  States  Army  and  Navy 
Veteran  Association;  G-.  Van  Houten  Post,  No.  3,  De 
partment  of  New-Jersey ;  Charles  Russell  Lowell  Post,  No. 
7,  Department  of  Massachusetts;  Chaplain  Butler  Post, 
No.  35,  Department  of  New-Jersey;  O'Rourke  Post,  No.  1, 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 

The  line  of  march  was  part  of  that  of  the  military 
parade,  the  Grand  Army  men,  however,  marching  down- 
town.  The  veterans  were  continuously  and  heartily 
cheered  all  along  the  route,  the  head  of  the  column 
resting  at  Murray-bt.  On  reaching  this  point  the 
command  was  formed  in  two  ranks  along  Broadway,  to 
await  the  passage  of  tho  regulars  and  other  troops. 

The  Brooklyn  posts,  under  command  of  Grand 
Marshal  H.  W.  Knight,  crossed  the  Bridge  at  9:30 
a.  m.,  and  marching  through.  Chambers-st.,  and  up 
Broadway,  rested  on  the  left  of  the  New- York  divisions, 
In  a  similar  formation  of  two  ranks. 

The  number  of  Grand  Army  men  In  the  procession  was 
estimated  at  about  8,000. 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  LOYAL  LEGION  IN  THE  RANKS. 
So  many  members  of  the  Military  Order  of  the 
Loyal  Legion  took  part  In  yesterday's  parade  as 
officers  of  other  organizations  that  it  was  not  deemed 
feasible  to  attempt  to  make  any  special  display  as  a 
separate  organization.  Nearly  100  members  of  the 
Order  gathered  about  noon,  however,  In  the  office  of 
the  United  States  Marshal,  In  the  Federal  Building, 
and  afterward  took  the  right  of  line  of  the  veteran 
organizations.  Colonel  William  C.  Church,  senior 
vice-commander  of  the  New-York  Commandery,  was 
In  command  of  the  battalion,  with  Colonel  E.  S. 
Parker  as  chief  of  staff.  Colonel  John  L.  Broome 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


81 


commanded  the  first  company,  and  General  Charles 
Caiieton  the  second.  Colonel  Andrew  Denom,  a  veteran 
of  seventy-two  years,  marched  with  the  others,  and 
there  were  representatives  present  from  New-Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  and  other  States.  Among  others 
who  marched  were  General  Nicholas  Day,  Colonel 
F  L  Qucralta.  Colonel  Timothy  Quinn,  and  Major 
William  II.  Wylie,  a  great-grandson  of  the  Major 
Wylle  of  the  Revolution,  who  was  one  of  the  leaders 
of  the  men  who  pulled  down  the  statue  of  King  George. 
The  members  of  tho  Order  marched  in  ordinary  black 
frock  coats,  with  their  badges  on  their  breasts,  and 
presented  a  fine  appearance. 


THE  NAVAL-  CONTINGENT. 

The  Navy  Yard  was  the  scene  of  great  military 
activity  and  bustle  early  yesterday  morning.  Promptly 
at  7:30  o'clock  Captain  W.  A.  Klrkland,  the  Grand 
Marshal,  with  his  eight  mounted  aides,  led  the  Naval 
Brigade  out  of  the  east  gate  and  Into  Flushlng-ave. 
The  staff  were:  Lieutenant  A.  C.  Dillingham,  adju 
tant-general;  Paymaster  E.  N.  Whltehouse,  brigade 
commissary ;  Lieutenant  Charles  A.  Adams,  brigade 
quartermaster;  Assistant-Surgeon  A.  M.  D.  McCormick, 
brigade  surgeon,  and  Lieutenants  John  Hubbard  and 
Yorke  Noel,  aides.  First  In  the  line  of  march  came 
the  Marine  Band  of  Washington,  led  by  John  P.  Sousa. 
Behind  the  band  marched  the  Marine  Bat 
talion,  500  men,  comprising  detachments 
from  the  barracks  and  the  ships,  and  commanded 
by  Captain  Charles  F.  Williams  as  colonel,  with 
Lieutenant  J.  II.  Pendleton  as  adjutant.  The  bat 
talion  was  divided  Into  ten  companies  of  thirty-two 
files  and  two  file-closers.  Following  the  Marino 
Battalion  came  the  Training  Station  Band,  from  New 
port,  It.  I.,  and  then  the  Battalion  of  Apprentices 
from  tho  Training  Station,  fourteen  companies  and  a 
bugle  corps,  headed  by  Lieutenant-Commander  E. 
Longneckor  as  colonel.  Then  came  Conterno's  Navy 
Yard  Band,  followed  by  the  First  Battalion  of  Sea 
men  Infantry,  which  was  commanded  by  Lieutenant 
Commander  Harry  Knox.  This  division  consisted 
of  four  companies  from  the  Boston,  on^  from 
the  Minnesota,  two  from  the  Yantio  and 
one  from  tho  Essex.  The  drum  corps  from  the  New- 
Hampshire  Training-Ship  Squadron  preceded  the 
Second  Battalion  of  Seamen  Infantry,  which  came 
next,  with  Lieutenants-Commander  Charles  Belknap 
as  colonel.  There  were  eight  companies  In  this  bat 
talion  ;  one  from  the  Brooklyn,  one  each  from  the 
Essex,  Despatch  and  Kearsarge  and  two  from  the 
Chtcacp.  Tiie  line  of  march  from  th«  Nav?  Yard 
was  through  Flushlng-ave.  to  S.ands-st..  thence  10  the 
Bridge,  across  which  they  marched  TO  Now- York,  where 
they  filed  up  Park  Row  to  WilMam-st,  down  Wllliam- 
st  to  Beaver-st.,  and  through  Inn  latter  street  until 
the  right  of  the  line  reached  Whltehall-st..  in  front 
of  the  Produce  Exchange,  where  the  battalion  was 
halted. 

' •*• 

THE    NUMBER   OF   MEN    IN    "LINE. 
FIRST  DIVISION. 

West  Point  Cadets....      400    United  States  troops..  1,112 
Naval  Brigade 1,200 

SECOND   DIVISION. 


ON  THE  GEAND   STANDS. 


WHEB.E  MULTITUDES  SPENT  THE  DAY. 


Delaware  444 

Pennsylvania    7,200 

New- Jersey    4,000 

Georgia   50 

Connecticut    654 

Missouri     600 

Massachusetts   1,500 

Maryland  600 

South  Carolina   3GO 

New-Hampshire   1,280 

Virginia    1.000 

New-York   ,...13,223 


North  Carolina  ."  150 

Rhode  Island  400 

Vermont    700 

Kentucky 300 

Ohio     3,408 

Louisiana    180 

Mississippi    600 

Michigan    ]15 

District  of  Columbia..  700 

Florida  40 

West  Virginia  200 


THIRD  DIVISION. 

Grand    Army   of     the  

Republic   8,000         Total    ~. .~~. .48,196 

Adding  to  this  the  staff  officers  of  the  Commander. 
In-Chief,  the  Governors  of  States,  division  and  brigade 
commanders,  mounted  standard-bearers  and  buglers, 
the  grand  total  reaches  over  50,000. 


A  EICH  HARVEST  FOR  THE  PROPRIETORS— MANY 
DISCOMFORTS,    BUT    LITTLE    GRUMBLING. 

The  grand  stand  Is  characteristically  a  nineteenth 
century  institution.  It  Is  recorded  that  the  Roman 
citizens  climbed  to  their  housetops  to  see  Pompoy  pass, 
but  it  Is  not  recorded  that  any  citizen  or  any  syndicate 
of  citizens  built  grand  stands  along  the  route  and  sold 
choice  scuts  at  two  sesterces  apiece.  But  now  the 
grand  stand  is  a  necessity  to  every  kind  of  show,  from 
a  ball  game  to  a  centennial,  and  if  one  were  to  Judge 
by  external  appearances,  the  grand  stand  Is  the  most 
Important  feature  in  the  present  celebration.  From 
the  Battery  to  the  Park  there  are  grand  stands  and 
grand  stands,  little  and  big,  high  and  low,  and  yester 
day  every  square  inch  of  every  one  of  them  had  its 
occupant. 

It  was  estimated  that  half  a  million  people  sat  on 
the  soft  side  of  pine  boards  the  greater  part  of  yes- 
terday.  Their  eyes  were  on  the  glittering  stream  of 
waving  plumes  and  polished  steel  that  passed  before 
them,  their  ears  were  ringing  with  the  boom  of  a 
thousand  drums,  their  backs  were  against  the  knees 
of  the  people  in  the  next  row,  and  their  dollars  were 
In  the  pockets  of  the  ticket  speculators.  And  yet 
they  were  happy  and  they  sat  the  show  out  to  the 
end.  There  was  not  a  cross  or  uninterested  face  any- 
whez'e  in  that  vast  island  of  spectators  about  which 
the  current  of  the  procession  swirled  at  Union  Square, 
or  In  the  long  valley  of  bright  eyes  through  which 
the  soldier  boys  marched  their  prettiest  at  Madison 
Square,  or  in  any  of  the  hundreds  of  cataracts  of 
humanity  that  were  seemingly  pouring  down  every 
stoop  and  over  every  balcony  along  each  one  of  the 
weary  miles  of  street  and  avenue. 

From  10  In  the  morning  till  6  at  night  these  stands 
were  filled  with  laughing,  shouting,  cheering  crowds. 
After  they  had  sat  until,  like  the  rustic  wallflower 
at  the  village  ball,  they  had  "  almost  took  root,"  and 
sitting  had  become  a  weariness  to  tho  flesh,  the  whole 
congregation  would  rise  and  put  Its  weary  limbs  into 
all  sorts  of  positions  in  tho  effort  to  straighten  them 
out  again.  These  spontaneous  uprisings  of  a  laughing 
multitude  had  a  most  startling  effect  on  the  observer 
at  first.  Thoughts  of  falling  stands,  riots  and  all 
sorts  of  horrid  possibilities  ran  through  his  mind,  but 
he  soon  discovered  that  It  was  nothing  but  a  general 
effort  to  straighten  things  out 

The  grand  stand  is  a  species  of  architectural  para 
site.  It  clings  to  anything  that  has  the  necessary 
solidity.  It  spreads  over  an  open  space  like  a  city 
square,  or  clings  tenaciously  to  a  balcony  or  bay-win 
dow,  or  flourishes  in  a  cramped  front  yard  with  equal 
readiness.  In  whatever  position  It  Is  planted,  the 
grand  stand  thrives,  and  yielus  many  shekels  to  Its 
proprietor,  if  the  weather  is  as  favorable  as  it  was 
yesterday.  On  a  sunshiny  day  a  stand,  with  its  sea 
of  upturned  faces  and  bobbing  hats,  Is  a  thing  of. 
beauty  and  a  joy  for  every  beholder;  but  on  a  rainy 
day,  like  the  4th  of  March,  It  is  a  wet,  desolate  and 
sloppy  waste. 

These  monster  stands  and  monster  processions  that 
keep  the  ticket-holders  In  place  nearly  all  day  have 
created  a  new  field  for  the  fakir,  or  huckster.  Men 
went  into  the  stands  wherever  they  could  got  through 
the  police  linos  yesterday,  and  sold  everything,  from 
a  Centennial"  programme  to  a  glass  of  water.  Sand 
wiches,  lemonade  and  fruit  were  rapidly  disposed  of 
by  crowds,  who  were  willing  to  pay  5  cents  for  even 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


a  glass  of  water.  It  Is  a  pleasing  commentary  on 
American  character  that,  with  all  the  crowding  and 
massing  of  large  numbers  of  people  in  these  hasty 
structures  yesterday,  few  accidents  and  no  fights  re 
sulted. 

LIVELY  TIMES  IN  WASHINGTON     SQUARE. 

EABLY    THRONGS    AT    THE     8TAND— COLLISIONS 

BETWEEN   THE   CEOWD8    AND   THE    POLICE. 

At  7  o'clock  yesterday  morning  the  Immediate 
neighborhood  of  the  Washington  Square  stand,  on  the 
Waverley  Place  side,  showed  signs  of  active  life. 
Several  hundreds  of  spectators  had  mounted  the  hard 
wooden  seats,  and  a  score  of  policemen  were  bept 
busy  even  at  that  early  hour,  answering  questions 
and  keeping  the  ever-increasing  crowd  from  being 
run  over  by  the  carriages  and  saddle-horses  which 
were  taken  downtown  by  way  of  the  parade  route. 
The  decorations  In  Washington  Square  were  excep 
tionally  fine.  Mr.  Rhlnelandor's  house,  at  Fifth- ave. 
and  the  Square,  was  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  ter 
raced  seats,  and  the  private  stands  thus  arranged  for 
were  almost  hidden  in  bunting.  The  owner  of  the 
house  entertained  800  guests.  Immediately  opposite 
ex-Mayor  Cooper's  house  was  elaborately  adorned, 
and  the  seats  under  the  canopies  accommodated  1,000 
persons.  All  of  Waverley  Place  between  Broadway 
and  the  square  was  occupied  inside  the  stoop-lines  by 
private  stands,  sumptuously  adorned. 

The  police  protection  was  afforded  by  Captain 
Schultz.  Sergeants  Kelly  and  Bairy,  and  forty-five 
men  from  the  Thirteenth  Precinct;  Captain  Copeland, 
Sergeants  Burns  and  Granger,  and  seventy  men  from 
the  Ninth  Precinct;  Captain  Brogan,  Sergeants 
Thompson  and  Douglas,  and  sixty-five  men  from  the 
Fifteenth  Precinct,  and  Captain  Beatty.  Sergeant 
Ferris,  and  sixty-two  patrolmen  of  the  park  police. 
The  stand  Itself  was  in  charge  of  C.  E.  Hall,  assisted 
by  Henry  Tillinghast  and  Joseph  Potter. 

Fiffch-ave.  coaches  brought  down  thousands  of  people 
in  the  morning,  and  the  persons  who  were  forced  out 
of  Broadway  fairly  swarmed  into  the  Square  and  were 
again  driven  by  the  police  through  the  triumphal  arch 
In  FIfth-ave.,  immediately  above  the  Square.  The 
crowd  were  jammed  into  a  small  space  and  the  police 
were  continually  busy  keeping  the  motely  assemblage 
from  filling  the  street  and  storming  the  stand.  The 
police  lines  at  University  Place  were  established  at 
about  8  :30  o'clock,  and  after  that  there  was  an  almost 
continual  struggle  between  the  officers  and  the  people. 
Half  a  dozen  men  were  clubbed  and  fights  occurred 
every  few  minutes.  There  seemed  to  be  danger  of  a 
riot,  but  fortunately  the  Grand  Army  began  marching 
downtown  through  the  Square  at  about  9  o'clock,  and 
kept  on  continually  for  an  hour  and  a  half.  At 
10  :30  the  head  of  the  parado  column  approached  the 
stand  and  the  crowds  were  driven  down  Waverley 
Place  by  mounted  police.  At  University  Place  they 
were  halted  by  the  police  guards  and  a  terrible  tumult 
followed.  The  police  were  overpowered  and  a 
thousand  people  rushed  down  toward  Fifth-ave.  to  es 
cape  the  hoofs  of  the  mounted  patrol.  Several  people 
•were  knocked  down,  but  luckily  no  one  was  injured 
seriously. 

At  this  time  the  stand  was  crowded  to  its  utmost 
capacity  and  everybody  of  any  prominence  in  the 
parade  was  hailed  with  cheers  of  delight.  The  specta 
tors  went  wild  over  the  President,  and  cheers  for 
every  member  of  his  party  combined  to  create  a  perfect 
pandemonium.  The  commands  which  gained  the  favor 
of  the  crowd  especially  during  the  day  were  the  West 
Point  Cadets,  the  State  Fencibles  of  Philadelphia,  the 
Michigan  Military  Academy  Cadets  and  the  Veteran 
Zouaves.  The  Fencibles  were  bombarded  with  oranges, 
apples,  bananas  and  sandwiches,  until  tHe  street  was 
littered  with  the  remains  of  those  offerings  which  the 
•oldier-boys  did  not  succeed  In  capturing. 


A   BRILLIANT  BANQUET. 

TOASTS  TO  WASHINGTON,  THE  STATES  AND 
THE  FEDERAL  GOVERNMENT. 


THE  METROPOLITAN   OPERA   HOUSE  A.  MASS  OF 
BEAUTIFUL     FLOWERS— ADDRESSES     DELIV 
ERED  BY  PRESIDENT   HARRISON.  GOV- 
ERNOR       HILL.       EX  -  PRESIDENTS 
HAYES  AND  OLEVELVtfD,  tJPT. 
ERAL     SHERMAN,     JAMES 
RUSSELL        LOWELL, 
SENATOR  EVARTS 

AND   OTHERS. 

The  Inauguration  Centennial  Banquet,  at  the 
Metropolitan  Opera  House  at  night,  was  the 
crowning  glory  of  the  celebration  of  Tuesday.  In 
the  splendor  of  the  occasion  all  the  bitterness  of 
personal  feeling  which  had  been  engendered  dur 
ing  months  of  rivalry  in  the  work  of  preparation 
seemed  dwarfed  into  insignificance  or  absolutely 
forgotten.  It  was  worthy  of  the  patriotic  senti 
ment  that  perpetuates  the  memory  of  men  of  deeds 
and  makes  their  names  immortal.  The  grandeur 
of  it  reflected  added  honors  upon  the  honored  men 
who  were  gathered  to  pay  tribute  to  the  one  man 
whose  name  and  memory  as  soldier  and  statesman 
from,  the  Nation's  birth  have  been  first  in  the  hearty 
and  minds  of  the  people.  The  men  who  were 
gathered  in  the  magnificent  banquet-hall  will  meas 
ure  the  lapses  of  time  in  future  years  from  that 
occasion  as  from  an  epoch.  The  set 
ting  for  the  banquet  was  worthy  of 
the  occasion.  The  entire  floor  of  the 
vast  auditorium,  which  had  vibrated  the  night 
before  under  the  rhythmic  movements  of  a  thou 
sand  waltzers,  was  covered  with  tables,  some  of 
which  were  arranged  in  the  form  of  double  mag 
nets,  the  President's  table  under  the  proscenium 
arch  being  directly  in  the  centre  at  the  apex  of  the 
converging  ends.  Smaller  tables  ranged  in  semi 
circles  and  crescents  .on  both  sides  of  the  principal 
ones  formed  broken  lines  after  the  general  ob 
long  plan  of  the  setting.  The  decorations  on  the 
tables,  in  front  of  the  boxes  of  the  lower  and 
upper  tiers  and  along  the  balcony  rails  were 
never  excelled  in  magnificence  in  this  or  any  other 
city  in  this  country.  On  the  tables  were  mounds 
of  lilies,  set  in  large  mirrors,  resembling  miniature 
lakes.  At  intervals  were  immense  stands  of  hy 
drangeas,  whose  enormous  blossoms  almost  screened 
a  portion  of  the  assemblage  from  view.  In  other 
places  there  were  beds  of  pink  and  white  roses, 
and  occasionally  the  tall  stems  of  callas  arose, 
allowing  the  beautiful  blossoms  to  droop  grace 
fully.  Long  lines  of  pink  roses  were  ffrooped  In 
festoons  between  the  parterre  boxes,  and  above 
the  boxes  on  both  tiers  were  immense  bunches  of. 
roses.  At  intervals  around  the  balconies  were 
shields  and  coats-of-arms,  each  wreathed  with  flow 
ers.  From  the  centre  of  the  dome  was  suspended  an 
octagonal  frame,  from  the  points  of  which  hung 
long  pendants  of  roses  entwined  with  laurel.  In 
that  part  of  the  hall  back  of  the  proscenium  arch 
were  festoons  of  laurel  extending  from  the  orange 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENAKY. 


63 


and  white  canopies  to  the  boxes  of  the  dis 
tinguished  guests.  From  the  top  of  the  proscenium 
arch  long  lines  of  laurel  ran  to  either  side  of  the 
stage  in  gracefully  sweeping  curves.  Directly 
over  the  President's  table  under  the  arch  hung 
suspended  a  large  portrait  of  Washington,  sur 
mounted  by  lines  of  laurel  so  closely  interwoven 
as  almost  to  constitute  a  curtain  of  green,  screen 
ing  from  sight  what  would  have  been  the  unsight- 
liness  of  the  dingy  front  of  the  arch. 

As  one  looked  from  the  entrance  to  the  audi 
torium  from  the  main  corridor  the  scene  was 
dazzling  in  its  brilliance.  On  every  aide  were  flow 
ers  in  such  profusion  that  one  could  scarcely  dis 
tinguish  the  dividing  lines  in  the  masses  of  color,  so 
artistically  were  the  variegated  blossoms  blended 
by  the  decorator.  Above,  below  and  on  all  sides 
were  hundreds  of  brilliant  jets  of  light. 

Promptly  at  9  o'clock  Mrs.  Harrison  appeared 
in  her  box  at  the  back  of  the  stage,  and  as  if  by 
magic  the  boxes  all  along  the  tiers  became  tilled 
with  handsomely  attired  women  and  their  escorts. 
Even  in  the  balconies  the  ladies  were  in  even- 
Ing  attire,  and  the  scene  was  a  striking  one. 
Thousands  of  jewels  glittered  when  the  women 
leaned  forward  from  their  boxes  to  hear  the  words 
of  the  men  below.  The  speakers  seemed  stirred  by 
the  greatness  of  the  events  which  had  taken  place 
during  the  two  days  of  the  Celebration  to  feelings 
which  expressed  themselves  in  words  of  profoundly 
impressive  eloquence.  Often  it  happened  during 
the  speaking  that  after  a  breathless  hush  there 
came  a  sudden  outburst  of  voices,  or  a  running 
clapping  of  hands.  Then  the  sound  of  the  ap 
plause  died  away  as  suddenly  as  it  had  arisen,  and 
the  attention  of  the  people  was  directed  with 
almost  a  fierce  intensity  to  the  words  that  went 
on  to  pay  homage  to  Washington  and 
the  men  who  with  him  had  laid  the 
foundation  for  the  mighty  structure  of  the  Nation. 
It  was  8  o'clock  when  President  Harrison  en 
tered  the  banquet  hall,  leaning  on  the  arm  of 
Mayor  Grant.  At  their  appearance  the  band 
struck  up  "  Hail  to  the  Chief,"  and  those  who  had 
already  taken  their  positions  around  the  table 
greeted  them  with  cheers.  The  President  and  the 
Mayor  were  followed  closely  by  Vice-President 
Morton  and  Elbridge  T.  Gerry,  Governor  Hill, 
Justice  fuller  and  th«»  other  guests 
who  were  to  be  seated  at  the  President's  table, 
walking  arm  in  arm.  The  party  walked  around 
the  righ1>hand  side  of  the  oblong  centre  tables  to 
their  places  under  the  proscenium  arch.  When  all 
were  in  position,  Mayor  Grant  rapped  for  order, 
and  instantly  the  great  hall  was  absolutely  silent. 
In  distinct  tones  the  Mayor  called  upon  Bishop 
Potter  to  offer  grace,  and  when  this  brief  invoca 
tion  had  been  finished,  the  Mayor  gave  the  signal 
and  all  the  guests  took  their  seats. 

THOSE  AT  THE  TABLES. 
Following  are  those  who  sat  at  the  President's 
table: 

PRESIDENTIAL  TABLE. 


Tke  President, 
Tke  Vice-President, 
Chief-Justice  of  the  U.  S. 
General  SehofielxL 
Senator  Evarts, 
Mr.  Hayes, 
Bishop  Potter, 
Secretary  Redfleld  Proctor, 
General  Sherman, 


The  Mayor, 

The  Governor, 

The  Lleut.-Governor, 

Judge  Charles  Andrews, 

Admiral  Porter, 

Senator  Hiscock. 

Mr.  Cleveland, 

Speaker  Cole, 

S.  S.  Cox, 

Clarence  W.  Bowen, 


Here  is  a  list  of  the  names  of  those  at  the  ban 
quet  tables,  as  prepared  and  given  out  by  the  En 
tertainment  Committee.  It  is  possible  that  some 
of  those  whose  names  appear  thereon  were  pre 
vented  from  coming  by  exigencies  arising  at  a  late 
hour,  but  it  is  as  correct  a  list  as  could  be  made 
last  night  under  any  circumstances : 


Elbridge  T.  Gerry. 


TABLE  1. 

R.  J.  Cross, 

H.  A.  Borrows, 

R.  L.  Banks, 

J.  L.  de  Puyster, 
J.  S.  Crosby, 

E.  M.  Field, 
How  land  Pell, 

P.  C.  Lounsbury, 
R.  Little, 

L.  II.  DelaUeld, 

James  F.  Burns, 

J.  T.  Lockman, 

W.  II.  Russell, 

D.  A.  Clarkson, 

Senator  Iliggins, 

E.  Fawcett, 
T.J.O.Khinelandei 

W.  M.  Polk, 
,  W.   L.  Bull, 

H.  G.  Marquand, 
G.  W.  Boyd, 

J.  K.  Gracie, 

C.  F.  Choate, 

W.  W.  Ellsworth 

P.  L.  Livingston, 
C.  Hewitt, 

James  Talcot, 
S.  J.  Colgate, 

C.  F.  Mayer, 
W.  P.  St.  John. 

P.  F.  Collier, 
J.  Hone,  jr., 

J.  H.  Whitehouse, 
J.  J.  D.  Dreher. 

F.  W.  Jackson, 
P.  Calhoun, 

A.  S.  Carhart, 

J.  D.  W.  Jones. 

A.  Iscliu,  jr.. 

D.  G.  Fowle. 

R.  W.  Johnson. 

I.  Iselin.'  J 

TABLE   2. 

Alexander  Knox, 

J.  J.  Brown, 

W.  K.  Borrowe, 

Percy  Aldon, 

H.  W.  Bibby, 

S    H.  Randall, 

G.  E.  Anderson, 
Lloyd  Aspinwall, 
F.  Anderson. 
E.  H.  Ammidown, 

J.  W.  Auchincloss, 
A.  W.  Drake, 
W.  C.   Buchanan, 
F.  J.  Bowman, 

George  Gregory, 
Geo.  H.  Hepworth, 
D.  Houghtaling, 
J.  H.  Schiff, 

J.  L.  Anthony, 

E.    W.    Donald, 

W.  H.   Clark, 

W.  J.  Martin, 
H.  Clark, 

D.  Robinson, 
Jos.  L.  Brent, 

Theodore  K.  Gibbs, 
W.   Kip, 

W.  H.  Caldwell, 
G.  E.  Armstrong, 
T.  J.  Brady, 
G.  T.  Bliss, 
H.D.Auchincloss, 

E.  E.  Eames, 
S.  M.  Felton, 
Robert  Schell, 
C.   H.   Parkhurst, 
Francis  B.  Clark, 

E.  W.  Seymour, 
Geo.  W.  Smith, 
A.  Snow, 
Chas.  S.  Stedman» 
Charles  Smith, 

TABLE  3. 

C.  R.  Flint, 
F.  de  P.  Foster. 
J.  W.  Grace, 
G.  S.  Floyd  Jones. 
George  Richards, 
E.  N.  Tailer, 
C.  S.  Wescott, 
John  Anthon, 
Francis  M.  Jencks 
F.  S.  Witherbee. 

0.  F.  Baracy, 
H.  L.  G.  Cannon, 
John  M.  Bowers, 
J.  J.  Astor,  jr., 
S.  B.  Brownell, 
J.  L.  Montgomery. 
W.  D.  Guthrie, 
Clarence  McKim. 
.  E.  H.  Harriman. 
E.  L.  Montgomery. 

Alexander  Brown. 
Arthur  Gilman, 
M.  L.  Ruth. 
J.  H.  Monteromery. 
J.  F.  Pierson. 
E.  T.  Lvnck. 
W.  H.  Menzies. 
W.  H.  Washington 
Alfred  Wagstafl. 

TABLE  4. 

E.  L.  Rogers, 

G.  C.  Magoun, 

Paul  Dana 

H.  W.  T.  Mali, 
J.  G.  K.  Duer, 
C.  A.  Peabody, 
J.  A.  Davenport, 
Henry  Clews, 
Austin  Corbin, 
J.  B.  Talcott, 
John  A.  Stewart, 
D.  Laing, 

D.  B.  Ainger, 
H.  V.  Newcomb, 
E.  S.  Wood, 
Robt.  F.  Weir, 
H.  M.  Sprague, 
Isaac  Seligman, 
M.  D.  Russell, 
W.  C.  Sanger, 

A.  T.  Sullivan, 
F.  R.  Appleton, 
J.  C.  Jameson, 
R.  S.  Church, 
James  D.  Glenn, 
A.  P.  Montant, 
C.  L.  Perkins, 
L.  Fitzgerald. 

TABLE  5. 

F.  A.  Schemerhorn,  J.  Livingston 
Lewis  G.  Morris,       B.  Clarkson 
W.  B.  Cutting,          E.  F.  De  Lancey, 
J.S.Van  Courtlandt  C.  B.  Hoffman, 
Adrian  Iselin,            T.  Newbold, 

F.  Clarkson, 
F.  W.  Rhinelander, 
Morgan  Dix, 
R,  T.  Auchmuty. 

TABLE  6. 

Chas.  F.  Robbins, 
Jos.  D.  Bryant, 

R.  Brandre,th, 
W.  C.  Stokes, 

H.  O'Donohue, 
A.  B.  Hilton 

Geo.  S.  Field, 
Emil  Schaefer, 
J.  M.  Varish, 

C.  A.  H.  Bartlett, 
F.  P.  Earle, 
E.  L.  Judson, 

G.  B.  McClellan, 
Win.  H.  Lansing. 

TABLE  7. 

F.  D.  Weekes. 
P.  H.  Leonard, 
M.  C.  Michenor, 
J.  W.  McLanahan, 
E.  F.  Marti  ne, 
J.  S.  Landon, 

S.  Goldberg, 
L.  M.  Lawson, 
H.  H.  Porter, 
F.  R.  Lawrence, 
C.  E.  Simmons, 

Thomas  F.  Gilroy, 
J.  McCraye, 
C.  F.  McLean, 
William  Murray, 
John  R.  Voorhis. 

TABLE  8. 

W.  G.  Langdon, 
James  V.  Parker, 
A.  C.  Monsou, 

P.  S.  Miller, 
John  Lowery, 
Julian  Potter, 

S.  F.  Morris, 
E.  G.  Miller. 
J.  O.  Moss, 

William  Tutle, 
Ridgeway  Moore, 
L.  C.  Ledyard, 

Douglas  Robinson, 
Campbell    Steward, 

S.   L.   Morrison, 
George  C.  Munzig. 

TABLE  9. 

R.  O'  Gorman, 

Rastus  S.  Ransom, 

A.  R.  Lawrence, 

C.  H.  Truax, 

Edward  Patterson, 

S.  W.  Wood, 

John  J.  Freedman, 

John  R,  Fellows, 

John  R.  Brady, 

G.  L.  Ingraham, 

Geo.  P.  Andrews, 

R.  B.  Martine 

P.  Henry  Dugro, 

Frederick  Smyth, 

O.  H.  Van  Brunt. 

M.  J.  O'Brien, 

TABLE  10. 


Joel  B.   Erhardt, 

J.  C.  Furman, 

Silas  W.  Burt, 

H.  F.  Kean, 

Ellis  H.  Roberts,    Miles  Beach, 

E.  Dyer,  3d. 


James  T.  Kilbreth,  G.  M.  Van  Hoesen. 
John     Kean.      jr.,  H.   W.    Allen, 
David    McAdam,       H.  W.  Bookstaver. 
H.    A.jSildersleeve  J.    F.   Daly, 

R.  L.  Larremore, 


64 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


TABLE  11. 

George  Jenes, 

E.  H.  Fitler, 

S.  L.  Clemens, 

G.     W.     Van    NestH.  R.  Beekman, 
George    Gregory.      Stephen  B.  French. 
Alderman  Fitzsim-  M.  C.  D.  Borden. 
ons.                         T.    S.     Brennan, 
Alderman  Storm,      Michael  Coloman. 
Alderman  Talt,         James   A.    Flack. 
Richard  Croker. 

TABLE  12. 

E.    F.    Reilly, 
J.    A.    Slevin, 
S.    A.   Walker, 
J.  Bowers  Lee, 
J.  H.  V.  Arnold, 
T.   0.   T.   Craln, 

A.  M.  Wheeler, 
J.  W.  Burges, 
G.  P.  Fisher, 
J.  C.  Fremont, 
D.  C.  Gil  man, 
Paul  L.  Ford, 
W.  S.  Perry, 
Joseph  H.  Taft, 
J.  H.  Washburn, 

Henry  Hilton, 
Elijah  Halford, 
H.   C.   Duval, 
William  Wayne, 
W.  C.  Wallace. 
6.  C.  Cobb, 
J.  A.  Cockerlll, 
Bishop  Littlejohn, 
H.  Watterson, 

Elihu  Root, 
C.  P.  Bryan, 
J.  H.  Manley, 
E.  Peaslee, 
Theodore  Irwln, 
S.  L.  Woodford, 
G.  G.  Williams, 
Colonel  Barr, 
E.  F.  Shepard, 

Edmund  C.  StantonJustlce  Strong, 
Stephen  11.  Oliu,     Wm.  B.  Beekman, 
Thomas  Mai  Hand,    R.    W.    Peckham. 

Justice   Bradley, 
G.    Morris,    jr., 
Justice  Blatchford, 

Cyrus  W.  Field, 
Thomas  Stokes, 
T.  C.  Platt, 

T    1  /\tr/1       C          TJ  \*-rr,m 

H.  C.  Cabot, 
G.  C.  Eggleston, 
T.  W.  Dwightv 

T.   B.  M.   Mason, 
E.  L.  Viele, 
J.  H.  Starln, 

W.  E.  D.  Stoke*, 

S.  TJ.  M.   Barlow, 

William   Jay, 

-Liioya.  a.  Bryce, 

W.   V.  Judson 

C.  S.  Falrchild, 

Justice   Field, 

TABLE  20. 

Robert  Goelet. 

William  W.  Astor. 

Stuyvesaut  Fish, 

G.    S.    Bowdoln, 

F.    Kernochan, 

C.  A.  Schermerhorn 

TABLE  13. 

F.  Cromwell, 

N.    Niles, 

E.  Johnson. 

Frederick    Cook, 
Edward  Wernple, 
L.   J.    Fitzgerald, 
C.   W.   Tabor 
John    Bogert, 
M.  C.  Murphy, 
John  J.  Linson. 
C.  D.   Vedder, 
J.   F.   Pierce, 
Francis  Hendrlcks. 
George  Z.   Erwln. 
C.  A.  Stadler, 
Hamilton  Fish,  Jr., 

W.  W.  Mase, 
J.  L.  A  spin  wall, 
J.  C.  Adams, 
W.  w.  Cheney, 
W.  F.  Shcehan, 
J.  Blumenthal, 
John  Connolly, 
H.  J.  Coggswell, 
Bradford  Rhodes, 
J.  Sloat  Fassett, 
William  G.  Rice, 
George  B.  Sloane, 
J.  B.  Ireland, 

Frank  S.  Lusk, 
Luther  Kountze, 
John  E.  Dooly, 
E.  L.  Winthrop,  1r. 
Thomas  E.  Nowell, 
A.  E.  Orr, 
E.  J.  Wendell, 
Henry  Parish, 
E.  W.  Wilson, 
Adolph  Ladenburg, 
N.  Stetson, 
W.  T.  Schaffei. 

W.    Turnbull, 
B.    G.    Arnold, 
J.    LarocQue, 
W.   H.   Rusted, 
B.    H.    Bristow, 
M.   J.    Brophy, 
J.  G.  McCullogh, 
T.   W.  Chambers) 
John  King, 
F.    M.    McAllister, 
F.  L.  Stetson, 
J.    M.    King, 
P.   T.   Barlow, 
C.    F.    Krotel, 

H.   E.   Howland, 
J.  W.  Brown, 
Mr.    Legge, 
G.    Waddington. 
John  Duer, 
J.   T.   Hancock, 
T.   L.   Ogden, 
J.    V.    Rider. 
John  Schuyler, 
W.    P.    Large. 
E.    Schell, 
R.   Lanborn, 
E.    King, 
J.    F.    Weir, 

G.    G.    De  Witt, 
J.   C.   Beckwith, 
A.   G.   Fox, 
W.   M.   Chase, 
John  B.   Pine, 
J.    Q.    A.    Ward. 
G.    E.    Tain  tor, 
W.   A.  Coffin, 
W.  Howe, 
C.  F.   McKlm, 
J.    K.    Tod, 
E.    H.    Blaskfleld, 
W.   H.   Williams, 
W.  H.  Low, 

TABLE  14. 

W.   G.   Choate, 

F.   J.  De  Peyster, 

C.    D.    Miller, 

John  J.  Ingalls, 
C.  F.  Manderson, 
J.  R.  Hawley, 

J.  B.  Pennlngton, 
R.1I  M.  Davidson, 
William  J.  Stone, 

A.  Rowland, 
J.  H.  Outhwalte, 
Bingei  Hermann, 

W.    H.    Ward, 
A.   W.    Evarts. 
R.  S.  MacArthur, 

R.    M.    Hunt, 
J.   W.   Beekman, 
A.    St.    Gaudens, 

G.   Beekman, 
M.   Standlsh. 

Henry  L.  Dawes, 

Chas.  A.  Boutelle, 

Charles  O'Neill, 

TABLE  21. 

J.  B.  Eustis, 
W.  Luttgen, 

Chas.  H.  Gibson, 
William  Cogswell, 

H.  J.  Spooner, 
William  Elliott, 

F.  H.  Smith, 

S.    M.   Wright, 

John  Claflin, 

Wade  Hampton, 

J.     R.     Whiting, 

J.  D.    Richardson, 

C.   H.   Adams, 

J.  J.  Tucker, 

J.  M.  Constable, 

Shelby  M.  Cullom, 

A.  M.  Dockery, 

W.    L.    Wilson, 

Capt.  W.  C.  Beach, 

W.  L.  Strong, 

R.  H.  Shannon, 

A.  H.  Colquitt, 
Anson  G.  McCook, 

G.  W.  E.  Dorsey, 
Oren  C.  Moore, 

John    T.     Caine, 
J.   B.    Allen, 

G.   C.   Genet, 
W.    H.    Gedney, 

J.    A.    Stevens, 
T.  W.  Myers, 

Wm.  C.  Smith, 
A.  C.  Pickering, 

Wm,  C.  Gates, 

James  Buchanan, 

Geo.   S.   Boutwell, 

E.    Hendricks, 

A.    Leai-y, 

Fred'k  Potter, 

Wm.  P.  Canaday, 

Charles  S.  Baker, 

Le  Baron  Colt, 

F.    A.    Benjamin. 

John  A.  Weekes, 

Wm.  Salomon, 

Chas.  A.  Russell. 

Z.  Smith, 

E.   M.   L.   Ehlers, 

E.  H.  LI  tch  field, 

Wager  Swayne, 

TABLE  15. 

A.    Saunders, 
W.    H.    Bissell 

Samuel  Borrowe, 
George   Bliss 

W.  A,  Read, 
Sr.  D.  M.  Romero, 

Henry  B.  Walker, 

Alvin  P.   Hovey, 

Daniel  Ruppaner, 

C.    Hauselt, 

John  H.  Bird, 

F.  D.  Thompson, 

A.    S.    Colyar, 
S.  li.  Elklns, 

C.  Parker,  jr., 
A.  M.  Palmer, 

Artemus  Jiib-by, 
Henry  W.  LeRoy, 

J.    B.    Moore, 
R.    Rutter, 

Howard  Crosby, 
Alex.  J.  Clinton, 

Janns  Stokes, 
L.  Turnure.  Jr. 

Bishop  Qulntard, 

John  M.    Turner, 

David  B.  Francis, 

J.   H.    Davis. 

E.  O.  Stannard, 

J.  M.  Waterbury. 

H.  C.  Fahnestock, 

T.  M.  Miller. 

J.  M.  Montgomery, 

Joseph  B.  Foraker, 

R.    B.    Harrison, 

D.   B.    Armstrong, 

TABLE  22. 

Samuel  Maverick, 
Henry  A.  Barnum, 
C.  E.   Pratt, 
Horace  Russell, 
John  L.  Webster, 
Henry  Exall, 
Job  A.  Cooper, 

R.  R.  Colgate, 
W.  D.  Pickett, 
John  B.  Drake, 
Pleasant   Porter, 
R.  W.  Parker, 
T.  S.   Howell, 
E.    C.    Burleigh., 

W.  R.  Stewart, 
James  C.  Tappln, 
Theo.   Roosevelt, 
C.  W.  Fairbanks, 
J.T.Van  Rensselaer 
G.     C.     Luce, 
H.  B.  Ledyard, 

Jesse  Seligman, 
G.  Sherman, 
R.  H.  Stoddard, 
Wm.  Steinway, 
Gen.  Dl  Cesnola, 
John  II.  Inman, 
Charles  P.  Daly, 

R.  T.  Davles, 
E.  A.  Cruikshank, 
Jos.  C.  Jackson, 
Chester  A.  Arthur, 
Charles  Isham, 
T.  C.  Van  Bur-en, 
F.  S.  Mason, 

W.  E.  Connor, 
Charles  F.  Allen, 
A.  II.  Smith, 
Morris  K.  Asch, 
Logan  C.  Murray, 
C.  L.  Tiff-jny, 
K.  Twining, 

TABLE  16. 

M.  D.  Conway, 

B.  Winthrop, 

H.  J.  Holt, 

G.    C.    Webb. 
W.    G.    Hamilton, 
Chester  Griswold, 
Rabbi  Gottheil, 
D.  Fearing, 

Jeremiah  Rusk, 
J.    M.    Toucey, 
H.   Van  Dyke, 
J.  G.  Burbrtdse, 
Miles  C.  Moore, 

Horace  Rubbe, 
W.  II.   Webb. 
J.  S.  Waterman, 
E.  E.  Anderson, 
Jacob  Wendell, 

H,  G.  Carieton, 
J.  G.  Wilson, 
PhilipjBchuyler, 
C.  H.  Arnold, 
C.  A.  Seward, 
0.  A.  Peabody,  jr., 

Franklin  Edson, 
Alex.  S.  Webb, 
Henry  L.  Sloat, 
Thomas  A.  Emmet, 
George  Wilson, 
Geo.  H.  Pendleton, 

D.  N.  Cooler, 
Leicester  Holme, 
Stanford  White, 
F.  L.  Hall, 
Charles  Harris. 

B.    F.    Tracy, 

J.  D.  Tredwell, 

J.    C.    Carter, 

Bleecker  Bnnks, 

R.  A.  McBrlde, 

W.  R.  Merriam, 

TABLE  23. 

John  W.    Noble, 

Wm.  Lavrabee, 

Floyd  Clarkson, 

Stephen  Peabody, 
John  Wanamaker, 
John  Liltter, 

John  M.  Evans, 
James  Harlan, 
F.   T.   Dubois, 

Thomas  Lowry, 
J.    A-   Cantor, 
Eusene  F.  Ware, 

John  S.  Barnes, 
F.  R.  Coudert, 
Alfred  C.  Cheney, 

Jackson  S.  Schultz, 
C.  W.  Dayton. 
Josiah  M.  Fiske, 

Gordon  L.  Ford, 
Richard  W.  Gilder, 
D.  Hun  ting  ton. 

W.  II.  H.  Miller, 

Wm.    Hoard, 

J.   W.  Husted, 

Henry  Erben, 

J.  D.  Livingston, 

C.    II.    Hart, 

J.  H.  Choate. 

W.   Hyndman, 

W.   B.   Stone. 

Loyall  Farragut, 

Thomas  S.  Moore, 

F.   D.   Millet, 

TABLE  17. 

D.  Willis  James, 
Ogden  Goelet, 

Clifford  S.  Sims, 
Erastus  Wiman, 

George  Bend, 
C.  C.  Beaman, 

J.  M.  Varnum. 

Robert  S.  Green, 

John  C.  Klnney, 

S.  Nicholson  Kane, 

H.  H.  Boyesen, 

C.  H.  Russell,  Jr. 

C.    N.    Bliss, 

John    Hall, 

John  Jay. 

C.  C.  Baldwin, 

Wm.  E.  Dodge, 

B.   T.    Biggs, 

A.   T.    McGlll, 

8  liver  Ames, 

J.   R.   Lowell, 

Hannibal  Hamlln, 

.  D.  Warner, 

TABLE  24. 

T.   F.   Bayard, 
C.  W.   Elliott, 
J.   A.   Beaver, 
ohn  M.  Daniels. 
J.  W.  Woodside, 
C.   M.  Depew. 

John  B.   Gordon, 
A.  C.   Chapin, 
Charles  E.  Jones, 
J.  H.  Van  Amrlnge 
M.   G.   Bulkeley, 
Henry  Drlsler, 

W.  A.  Tower, 
George  Gray. 
E.  E.  Jackson, 
R.  Stuyvesant, 
Albert  'Ritche. 
F.  Van  Lennep 

Edward  Cooper, 
Peter  Marie, 
W.  R.  Grace, 
Seth   Low, 
VV.  H.  Robertson. 
J.  Hampden  Robb. 

F.  Gallatln, 
John  Cochrane, 
James  M.  Brown, 
Allan  Campbell. 
V.  M.  Moore. 
J.  H.  Parker. 

De  Lancey  Nlcoll. 
John  F.  Plummer, 
J.  E.  Simmons, 
John  Sloane, 
James  D.  Smith. 
W.    Stanton, 

TABLE  18. 

F.  D.  Tappan, 

John  Jay   Knox, 

R.  T.   Wilson, 

F.  S.  Talmadge, 

S.  P.   Nash, 

R.  S.  Storrs, 

J.  C.  Tomlinson, 

E.   V.   Loew. 

L.  Stewart. 

B.  D.  Babcock, 

Fltzhugh  Lee, 

Elisha  Dyer,  jr., 

L.  W-  Winchester. 

Darius  O.  Mills. 

Archbishop     Corri 
Ran, 

-C.  K.  Adams, 
W.    W.    Crump, 

B.  C.  Washington, 
Simon  B.  Buckner, 

TABLE  25. 

J.  P.  Richardson, 
Father  McCloskey, 
James  A.   Iloyt, 
George  Bancroft, 
C.   H.   Sawyer, 
R.  C.  Winthrop 

T.   Dwight, 
John   Hancock, 
William  Goddard, 
Henry  C.  Bowen, 
G.  E.  Ellis, 
Royal  C.  Taft, 

Brayton  Ives, 
John  C.  Latham, 
H.  G.  Marquand, 
W.  P.  Dillingham, 
O.  B.  Potter, 
J.  G.  Smith. 

H.  Edwardes. 
William  Wells, 
W.    MacVeagh, 
Robert  Adams, 
Carl   Schurz, 
J.  L.  M.  Curry, 

Walker  Elaine, 
A.    T.    Rice, 
Baron  d'Almelrln. 
F.    A.    Sllva. 
Jose  A.  F.  Da  Cost« 
A.  D.  Claparede, 

Pak  C.  Tan*. 
F.   Lamflesta. 
Jos-  M.  Hurtado. 
Mavroyenl  Bey, 
Horacio  Guzman, 
Stephen  Preston, 

S.  C.  Eastman, 

E.   Plerrepont, 

Emilio  E.  Varas. 

S.   L.   Dowers. 

TABLE  19. 

Nicholas  Fish. 

M.    Mut^o. 

John   A.    King. 

F.  S.  Patton, 

D.  Butterfield, 

H.  M.  Grady, 

Whitelaw  Reid. 

H.  W.  Bowen. 

J.  C.  Calhoun, 

C.   C.  Pinckney, 

D.  G.  Rollins, 

TABLE  26. 

LeG.  B.  Cannon, 

Thomas  J.  Ducey, 

R.  P.  Porter, 

G.  B.  Loring, 

C.  F.  Chandler, 

F.  Thompson, 

S.  V.  R.   Cruger, 

James  Howard, 

T.  M.  Vincent. 

H.  It.  Carson, 

II.  H.  Cammann, 

Warner  Miller, 

George   Crook, 

L.  A-  Barbour, 

Horace  Porter, 

F.  A.  Walker, 

C.  Parker, 

E.  L.  Godkln, 

O.    O.    Howard. 

A.  D.   Ayling. 

R.    C.   Drum. 

THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY'. 


65 


Samuel  Dalton, 
Com.  Ramsey. 
Josiah  Porter, 

E.    A.    Axllne. 
.  H.  lla-tlngs, 
W.  S.  Stryker. 


M.  N.  Bonham,  jr..  R,    S.  Hayes. 

William  Warm-r        S.    B-  Luce. 

R.   R.   Kinney.  G.   G.  Haven. 

D.  T.  Worden,  A.  B.  Gurdiner. 

T.   S.   Peck.  J.  E.  Jouect. 


The  boxes  were  he-Id  as  follows : 

PARTERRE  BOXES. 


9. 

II. 
33. 
15. 
17. 
19. 
21. 
23. 
25. 
27. 
29. 
81. 
S3. 
35. 


S7. 
89. 

41. 
43. 

45. 
47. 
49. 
61. 
63. 
05. 
67. 

&y. 

61. 
(33. 
65. 
(57. 
69. 
71. 
73. 


Thomas  Hitchcock, 
R.  T.  Wilson, 
James  A.  Burden, 
George  L.  and  Ambrose 

C.  Kingsland, 
William  Astor, 
Ogdon  Goelet, 
Henry  I.  Barbey, 
H.   A.   C.  Taylor, 
William  D,  Sloane, 
William  G.  Hamilton, 
Victor  Newcomb, 
Chauncey  M.  Depew, 
Elbridge  T.  Gerry, 
C.  C.  Baldwin, 
Stuyvesant  Fish, 
Robert  C.  Winthrop, 
Abram  S.  Hewitt, 
Hamilton  Fish, 


2.  Clarence  A.  Seward, 
4.  J.  Hampden  llobb, 
C.  C.  O.  Iseiin,  jr., 

8.  James  M.  Varnum, 
10.   Byam  K.  Stevens, 
1-2.   Ward  McAllister, 
14.   Henry  Clews, 
10.  James  H.  Beekman, 
18.  William  Jay, 
20.  Robert  Goelet, 
22.  W.  Bayard  Cutting, 
24.  William  W.  Astor, 
20.  Luther  Kountze, 
28.  James  P.  Kerncchan, 
30.  Samuel  F.  Barger, 
32.  W.  Seward  Webb, 
34.   Adrian  Iseiin, 
36.  L.  P.   Morton. 


FIRST  TIER  BOXES. 


S.  B.  Elkins, 

Reserved  by  Opera 
House  Co., 

Mrs.  Marshall  O.  Rob 
erts, 

G.  G.  Haven. 

James  A.  Hamilton, 
George  S.  Bowdoin, 
Egerton  L.  Win.throp, 
Frederick  Sheldon, 
Edward  H.  Harriman, 
S.  L.  M,   Barlow, 
S.  V.  R.   Cruger, 
Mrs.  Paran  Stevens, 
A.  B.  Gardiner, 
Hugh  J.  Grant, 
Samuel  D.  Babcock, 
Mrs.  N.  Baylies, 
II.  TL  Anderson, 
Theodore  W.  Myers, 
W.  E.  D,  Stokes, 


3S.  John  Kean, 

40.  Frederick  J.  de  Peyster, 

42.  W.  C.  Schermerhorn, 

44.  Elliott     and     Theodore 

Roosevelt, 

40.  George  L.  Schuyler, 

48.  J.  P.  Morgan, 

50.  Robei  t  L.  Cutting, 

52.  Seth  B.  French, 

54.  Frederick  S.  TalLmadge, 

50.  Cornelius  N.  Bliss, 

58.  Brayton  Ives, 

GO.  Henry  G.  Marquand, 

62.  Horatio  B.  Potter, 

64.  John  A.  K*in?, 

60.  George  Barclay  Ward, 

08.  Smith  Clift, 

70.  Clarence  W.  Bowen, 

72.  Alexander  Brown, 


STAGE   BOXES. 
The  President. 


A.  The  Chairman, 

B.  General  Fitzgerald, 

C.  General  Sherman, 

D.  Mrs.  McElroy, 

E.  Mrs.  Grant, 
P.  R.  B.  Hayes, 

(T.  Grover  Cleveland, 
H.  Thomas  F.  Bayard, 
I.    Ex-Governors    of    New- 
York, 

R.  The  Mayor, 
S.    The  Governor, 
T.  The  Vice-President, 
J.    Samuel   Borrowe, 
K.  John  H.  V.  Arnold, 
L.  The  Secretary, 


Cabinet, 
V.  The    Committee    of     the 

United  States  Senate, 
W.  General  Schofleld, 
X.  Governors       of       States 

other  than  New-York. 


The  menu,  which  was  printed  on  plain  card 
board,  was  as  follows : 

Hors  D'Oeuvres. 
Varies.  Varies. 

Potase. 

Tortue  Verte. 

Hors  D'Oeuvre,    Chaud. 

Petites  Timbales  a  la  Ministerielle. 

Poisson. 

Saumon  du  Kennebec,  Sauce  Hollandaise. 
Pommes  a  1'  Anglaise.  Salade  de  Concombres. 

Releve. 
iFilet  de  Boeuf  Pique,  Sauce  Madere. 

Entrees. 

Ris  de  Veau  a  la  Perigueux. 
Champignons   Sautes.  Haricots  Verts. 

Becassines  en  Caisse.  Flageolets. 

Aspics  de  Foies  Gras,  Parcele.        Sorbet  a  la  Presidence. 

Roti. 

Poulets  du  Printemps  au  Cresson.      Salade  Russe. 
Glaces  Fantalsies. 

Dessert. 

Petits  Fours.    Gateaux  Assortis.    Pieces  Montees. 
Mottoes.  Fruits.  Cafe.  Liqueurs. 

Vins. 

Haut   Sauterne.  Glesler,  Green  Seal. 

Thompson    Sherry.  Romane  Count!  Burgundy. 

Chateau     Leoville,     Barton     & 

Guestler.  Fine  Cognac. 

Meet  &  Chandon,  White  Label      Russian  Kummel. 
Irroy.  Chartreuse  Jaune. 

G.  H.  Mumm,  Extra  Dry.  Apollinaris. 

Jules  Mumm,  Grand  Sec  (in  reserve). 


M.  The  Llemonant-Governor. 

N.   Admiral  Porter, 

O.  The  Committee  of  the 
House  of  Representa 
tives, 

P.  The  Chief  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Appeals. 

Q.  The  Chief  Justice  of  the 


THE  LIST  OF  TOASTS. 

This  is  the  programme  as  arranged  by  the  com 
mittee  for  the  address  of  welcome  and  the  toasts: 
1.  ADDRESS  OF  WELCOME. 

DAVID  B.   HILL. 

Governor  of  the  State  of  New-York. 
The  State  of  New- York  welcomes  to-day  the  Execu 
tive,  Legislative  and  Judicial  branches  of  the  National 
Government,  and  the  representatives  of  forty- two 
States;  as  a  century  ago  she  welcomed  Washington,  his 
Cabinet,  and  the  Congress  of  the  old  Thirteen,  which 
in  this  city  added  the  bill  of  rights  to  the  National  Con 
stitution.  May  our  fidelity  to  that  Constitution  so 
.guard  the  rights  of  both  the  States  and  the  people  to 
civil  and  religious  freedom,  and  to  republican  govern 
ment  based  on  universal  education,  that  the  centuries 
as  they  pass  may  swell  our  acclaim,  God  Save  the  Amer- 
lean  Republic  1  JOHN  JAY. 

1.     GEORGE  WASHINGTON. 

3.  THE  PEOPLE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

GROVER  CLEVELAND. 
Ex-President  of  the  United  States. 

Not  a  mob,  nor  an  oligarchy,  nor  a  class;  but  the  great 
force  of  American  patriotism,  conscience,  Intelligence,  en 
ergy  and  Industry,  the  only  sure  foundation  of  States,  the 
sole  hope  of  the  Republic;  of  which  George  Washington 
and  Abraham  Lincoln  are  the  truest  types  In  American 
history  GEORGE  WILLIAM  CURTIS. 

4.  THE  STATES 

FITZHUGH  LEE, 

Governor  of  the  State  of  Virginia. 
Daughters  of  Liberty,  born  amid  the  throes  of  Revolu- 
tion,  thirteen  clinging  to  the  Atlantic  have  become  forty- 
two  reaching  the  Pacific.  The  century  leaves  them 
as  it  found  them,  an  indestructible  Union  of  indestructi 
ble  States.  WILLIAM  WIRT  HENRY. 

5.  THE  FEDERAL  CONSTITUTION. 

MELVILLE  W.   FULLER, 
Chief-Justice  of  the  United  States. 
The  consummation  of  former  political  wisdom,  the  trust 
of  the  present  age,  the  guide  for  all  coming  nations. 
GEORGE  BANCROFT. 


THE 


QF    KEPRESENTATIVES. 


JAMES    G.    ELAINE. 

Secretary   of  State. 

The  first  branch  of  Congress  provided  for  In  the  Con- 
stitutlon,  and  the  subject  of  the  only  speech  in  the  Con 
vention  made  by  Washington.  In  the  language  of  George 
Mason,  "the  grand  depository  of  the  Democratic  princi 
ple  of  the  Government,"  to  which  has  been  assigned  a  full, 
coequal  share  in  the  National  legislation,  together  with 
the  sole  power  of  impeachment,  the  origination  of  all  the 
bills  for  raising  revenue,  and  in  the  last  resort,  the  choice 
of  the  President  of  the  United  States.  The  vital  ele 
ment  of  our  Republican  System,  without  which  there  can 
be,  in  the  words  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  no  "Government 
of  the  People,  by  the  People,  for  the  People." 

May  its  rightful  authority  and  dignity  ever  be  main 
tained  and  upheld,  both  by  Its  own  officers  and  members, 
and  by  the  millions  of  voters  whom  they  are  privileged 
to  represent.  ROBERT  C.  WINTHROP, 

Senior  Surviving  Speaker  of  the  United  States  House  of 

Representatives. 

7.     THE  SENATE. 

JOHN     W.    DANIEL, 
United   States   Senator  from   Virginia. 
An   elective   body   dependent  upon   no   prerogatives  ol 
Royalty,   Church  or  Descent.      Able  In  its  statesmanship, 
wise  and  practical  in  its  legislative  and  executive  func 
tions,  the  most  distinguished  of  all  legislative  bodies,  and 
a  bulwark  in  defence  of  our  free  institutions. 

HANNIBAL   HAMLIN. 
Soie  surviving  ex-Vice-PresIdent  of  the  United  State*. 


66 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


6.     THE  PRESIDENCY. 

RUTHERFORD   B.    HAYES, 

Ex-President  of  the  United  States. 

May  the  Rood  people  of  these  United  States  never  weary 
ol  searching  for  a  second  Washington  to  fill  the  place. 

JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS. 

9.  THE  JUDICIARY. 

WILLIAM    M.    EVARTS, 
United  States  Senator  from  New- York. 
A  learned,  upright  and  fearless  Judiciary  Is  the  strong 
bulwark   of   Constitutional  Government        Without   such 
Judiciary  no  free  Institutions  can  exist;  with  it  they  will 
not  perish.      So  long  as  the  spirit  and  example  of  Marshall 
and  Taney.  Kent  and  Shaw,  pervade  and  Inspire  our  courts, 
liberty  in  law  shall  abide  with  and  bless  the  land  of  Wash 
ington.      WILLIAM  HENRY  HARRISON  MILLER. 
Attorney-General  of  the  United  States. 

10.  THE  ARMY  AND  NAVY. 

WILLIAM  TECUMSEH  SHERMAN, 

General. 

In  four  wars  each  has  done  Its  full  duty  In  the  creation, 
defence,  enlargement,  and  preservation  of  our  Nation;  but 
the  dignity  of  our  country  requires  renewed  attention  to 
the  farewell  counsel  of  Washington,  so  that  International 
emergencies  may  be  met  without  hasty  and  inadequate 
preparation.  ROBERT  T.  LINCOLN, 

Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the 

United  States  to  Great  Britain. 

11.  OUR  SCHOOLS  AND  COLLEGES. 

CHARLES   W.   ELIOT, 

President  of  Harvard  University. 

Established  by  the  wisdom  and  foresight  of  the  founders 

of  our  Nation;  the  support  and  stay  of  civil  and  religious 

liberty ;  they  should  be  jealously  guarded  and  fostered  as 

fche  dispensers  of  virtue  and  intelligence,  on  which  depend 

the  welfare  and  perpetuity  of  our  Republican  institutions. 

HENRY  DRISLER, 
Acting  President  of  Columbia  College. 

12.  OUR  LITERATURE. 

JAMES    RUSSELL    LOWELL. 
The  welfare  of  a  people,  small  or  great, 
Depends  upon  the  State, 
Whose  ample  laws  they  justify,  because 
They  help  to  shape  those  laws. 
Their  glory  rests  on  letters,  which  create 
A  more  enduring  State ; 
For  what  is  best  remembered  among  men. 
Is  not  the  sword,  but  pen. 

RICHARD  HENRY  STODDARD. 

13.  THE    UNITED    STATES    OF    AMERIC A. 

BENJAMIN   HARRISON, 
President  of  the  United  States,    j 

Sceptres  and  thrones  the  morning  realms  have  tried ; 
Earth  for  the  people  kept  her  sunset  side. 
Arts,  manners,  creeds  the  teeming  Orient  gave ; 
Freedom,  the  gift  that  freights  the  refluent  wave, 
Pays  with  one  priceless  pearl   the  guerdon  due, 
And  leaves  the  Old  World  debtor  to  the  New. 

Long  as  the  watch-towers  of  our  crownless  Queen 
Front  the  broad  oceans  that  she  sits  between, 
May   her  proud  sons   their  plighted   faith  maintain, 
And  guard  unbroken  Union's  lengthening  chain, — 
Union,  our  peaceful  sovereign,   she  alone 
Can  make  or  keep  the  Western  world  our  own  1 

OLIVER  WENDELL  HOLMES. 

During  the  banquet  tliere  were  many  expressions 
of  regret  at  the  enforced  absence  of  Secretary 
Blame,  who  was  detained  in  Washington 
by  illness.  An  attempt  was  made  by  tele 
graph  to  persuade  him  to  transmit  his 
response  to  the  toast  to  which  he  had  been 
assigned  by  wire,  but  it  failed,  Mr.  Elaine  not 
being  well  enough  to  comply  with  the  wishes  of 
the  committee.  Mayor  Grant  presided  with  grace 
and  dignity. 


WELCOMING  THE  GUESTS. 

Shortly  after  10  o'clock,  when  the  fragrance 
of  the  cigars  was  struggling  for  ascendency  with 
the  heavy  perfume  of  the  flowers  which  Hanked 
the  balconies,  Mayor  Grant  aiose  to  announce 
the  toasts.  The  Mayor,  in  a  voice  that  was  dis«» 
tiuctly  heard  in  ail  parts  of  the  house,  announced 
iiiiib  in  tile  order  oi  exercises  tiic  iirst  feature 
would  be  an  address  of  welcome  to  the  guests  by 
Governor  ffiii.  fie  read  the  sentiment  attached 
to  the  toust  clearly  and  distinctly,  and  was 
heartily  applauded  as  lie  sat  down.  Uoveruor 
Hill  was  warmiy  received  and  spoke  as  follows: 

Fellow  Countrymen :  As  the  Governor  of  tike  State 
wiiiim  whoso  uoruers  were  hoard  ilie  acclaims  which, 
greeted  the  nrsc  President's  oaiii  of  aiiegiauce  to  the 
cousiuuuoii,  JL  cxieud  a  Welcome  to  aii  hero  a^emblcd. 
Weicome  to  ^ou,  President  Harrison  (applause),  latest 
of  Luie  iiue  oi  iiiose  distinguished  iiicii  who  have 
given  the  same  guarantee  of  obedience  to  the  charter 
oi  our  liberties  aud  iaiihiuluess  to  the  rights  oi  Uie 
people.  Welcome  to  your  honored  Cabinet  (.applause), 
and  to  those  chosen  representatives  of  ail  tht>  sister 
States,  whose  presence  heie  speaks  anew  the  grandeur 
and  greatness  of  our  United  btatcs.  (.Applause.) 
Welcome  to  all  in  authority— legislative,  executive 
or  judicial,  civil  and  military— who,  in  their  station, 
with  houor  aud  justice,  are  daily  serving  our  common 
country,  Welcome  to  ail  the  ambassadors  oi  other 
nations  (applause)  who  participate  with  us  in  these 
festivities.  Welcome,  stiong  and  brave  men,  sons 
of  fathers  who  yielded  life,  who  sacrificed  fortune, 
who  endured  severest  privation,  that  we  might  re 
joice  in  liberty.  Welcome,  fair  and  true  women, 
daughters  of  mothers  who  gave  patriotic  encourage 
ment  in  days  of  darkest  distress ;  who  willingly  de 
voted  themselves  to  suffering  that  the  infant  Republic 
migiht  be  sustained.  (Applause.)  Welcome  those, 
from  whatever  clime,  who  have  become  part  of  our 
people,  and  who  have  contributed  their  share  la 
maintaining  the  purposes  and  increasing  the  glory 
of  our  Commonwealth.  Welcome  to  all— citizens— 
strangers— friends.  (Applause.) 

Our  display  upon  the  ample  waters  of  this  harbor, 
our  parades  in  the  broad  streets  of  this  city,  our  re 
joicings  in  this  banqueting  hall,  commemorate  not 
only  the  fame  of  a  great  prince  among  men,  not  only 
the  victories  of  a  great  captain  among  warriors,  not 
only  the  deeds  of  a  great  statesman  among  patriots. 
Thtese  exultant  sights  and  triumphant  sounds  com 
memorate  such  fame  and  victories  and  deeds,  but  they 
commemorate  far  more.  They  commemorate  the  na 
tivity  of  a  heaven-born  republic  among  the  nations  of 
the  earth.  (Applause.)  They  commemorate  not  a 
government  founded  upon  the  Magna  Charta  extorted 
from  a  King  John  by  a  compelling  band  of  nobles, 
not  a  government  founded  upon  a  written  freedom 
bestowed  by  an  Emperor  on  an  emancipated  race  of 
slaves,  but  a  new  and  complete  creation  of  govern 
ment,  resting  strong  and  secure  upon  foundations  that 
shall  last  as  long  as  virtue,  honor  and  courage  live 
among  our  people— a  government  of  the  people,  by 
the  people  and  for  the  people,  which  shall  not  perish 
from  thte  earth.  (Applause.) 

The  Doges  of  the  ancient  republic  of  Venice  es 
poused  with  ceremonious  rite  the  waters  of  the  Adri 
atic.  Our  first  President,  in  this,  then  as  now,  chief- 
est  city  of  the  New  World,  with  hand  uplifted,  wedded 
to  the  free  air  of  hteaven  his  vow  for  this  land  of 
ours,  and  in  his  recorded  oath  pledged  that,  with  the 
help  of  the  God  of  Nations,  he  would  uphold  the  lib 
erty  once  proclaimed,  and  now  established  for  all 
thte  people.  (Applause.) 

These  religious  ceremonies,  these  arches  of  triumph, 
these  banners  unfurled,  these  treasures  of  art,  these 
songs  of  praise,  these  pa'goants  of  Industry,  these 
scenes  of  rejoicing,  in  which  we  of  this  generation 
have  now  a  part,  all  celebrate  the  giving  and  the  taking 
of  that  solemn  pledge.  My  best  greeting  at  this  hour 
snail  be  a  tribute  to  the  character  of  hirrT  whose  mem 
ory  we  honor.  I  give  you  these  expressive  words  of 
Thoreau : 

The  character  of  Washington  has,  after  all,  been  under 
valued,  because  not  valued  correctly.  He  was  a  proper 
Puritan  hero.  It  is  his  erectness  and  persistency  which 
attract  me.  A  few  simple  deeds  with  a  dignified  silence 

Ha  never  fluctuated,  nor  lingered,  nor  stooped,  nor 
swerved,  but  was  jiobly  silent  and  assured.  He  was  not 
the  darling  of  the  people,  as  no  man  of  integrity  can  ever 
be,  but  was  as  much  respected  as  loved.  (Applause.) 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


67 


His  instructions  to  his  steward,  his  refusal  of  a  crown,  bis 
interview  with  his  officers  at  the  termination  of  the  war, 
his  thoughts  after  his  retirement,  as  expressed  in  a  letter  < 
to  Lafayette,  his  remarks  to  another  correspondent  on  [ 
being  chosen  President,  his  last  words  to  Congress,  and  j 
the  unparalleled  respect  which  his  most  distinguished  con-  ! 
temporaries,  as  Fox  and  Erskine,  expressed  for  him,  are  f 
refreshing  to  hear  in  these  unheroic  days.  His  behavior  , 
in  the  Held  and  in  council,  and  his  dignitted  and  contented  , 
withdrawal  to  private  life  were  great.  He  could  advance  | 
and  he  could  withdraw.  (Applause.) 

No   words   which   I   can    supplement   to   those   can   j 
brighten  the  lustre  environing  the  name  and  fame  of 
that  American  whose  virtues  wo  to-day  affectionately, 
justly  and  proudly  exalt. 

VISIONS  OF  FUTURE  NATIONAL  GREATNESS. 
What  visions  of  future  greatness  and  prosperity  for  j 
this  broad  land  of  ours  open  up  before  us  as  we  con-   j 
template    tlie    growth   of   our   free    Institutions    since 
they  were  founded  by  the  patriots  of  a  century  ago. 
Generations   yet    unborn   will   share    the    glories    and 
blessings  of  the  beneficent  and  imperishable  Govern 
ment  transmitted  to  us  and  them  by  our  Revolutionary 
sires.      What   glorious   memories    cluster   around   this 
centennial  day  I 

Day  of  a  hundred  days, 

Day  of  a  hundred  years, 
One  cry  of  Welcome  all  our  voices  raise 

As  the  young  century  appears. 
Haii  greatness  yet  to  come, 
Hail  millions  yet  to  be. 

The  heroes  of  the  American  Revolution  are  now 
Departed.  That  age  of  pre-eminent  creative  genius 
has  passed  away.  But  the  country  which  their 
valor,  statesmanship  and  patriotism  saved  and  estab 
lished  still  proudly  exists,  enjoying:  the  blessings  of 
civil  and  religious  liberty,  augmenting  in  population, 
increasing  in  resources,  strengthening  in  power. 
(Applause.)  It  is  a  prosperous,  happy,  indivisible 
Union.  Its  contented  people  aire  reaping  the  art- 
vantages  of  laws  made  by  themselves,  well  and 
bonesdy  administered.  The  sentiments  of  every  true 
American  are  expressed  in  the  h'ope  that  faction  may 
not  destroy,  that  pride  may  not  injure,  that  corrup 
tion  may  not  undermine,  and  that  sectionalism  mav 
not  divide  this  fair  Republic ;  but  that  its  borders 
may  still  further  be  extended,  its  commerce  mav  float 
upon  every  sea,  the  stau>s  upon  Us  flag  mav  be  trebled, 
its  free  institutions  may  live  on  and  flourish,  and 
its  liberty-loving  people  may  continue  to  work  out 
the  problem  of  self-government  so  long  as  freedom 
Itself  exists,  and  until  time  shall  be  no  more. 

Keep,  God,  the  fairest,  noblest  land  that  lies  beneath  the 

sun— 
Our  country,  our  whole  country,  and  our  country  ever  one. 

The  toast  "  George  Washington"  was  drunk  in 
silence  as  the  guests  stood.  The  Mayor  simply 
announced  the  theme  and  sentiment  of  the  toast, 
closing  in  each  case  by  naming  the  speakers. 

MR.  CLEVELAND'S  ADDRESS. 
Here  is  what  ex-President  Cleveland  said,  in 
part,  in  response  to  his  toast: 

The  mention  of  a  people  may  well  suggest  sober  and 
Impressive  reflections.  The  subject  was  not  beneath 
the  Divine  thought  when  the  promise  was  given  to  the 
children  of  Israel,  "  I  will  take  you  to  Me  for  a  people, 
and  I  will  be  to  you  a  God."  This  idea  of  Divine 
relationship  to  a  people  is  also  recognized  in  the 
fervent  utterance,  "  Yea,  happy  is  that  people  whose 
God  is  the  Lord." 

In  sublime  faith  and  rugged  strength,  our  fathers 
cried  out  to  the  world :  "  We,  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect  union,  estab 
lish  justice,  Insure  domestic  tranquility,  provide  for  the 
common  defence,  promote  th*e  general  welfare,  and  se 
cure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  pos 
terity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution  for  the 
United  States  of  America."  Thus  "  our  people"  In  a 
day  assumed  a  place  among  the  nations  of  the  earth. 
Their  mission  was  to  teach  the  fitness  of  man  for  self- 
government,  and  their  destiny  was  to  outstrip  every 
other  people  in  national  achievement  and  material 
greatness.  (Applause.) 


One  hundred  years  have  passed.  Wo  have  an 
nounced  and  approved  to  the  world  our  mission  and 
made  our  destiny  secure.  I  will  not  tamely  recite  our 
achievements.  They  are  written  on  every  page  of  our 
history,  and  the  monuments  of  our  growth  and  ad 
vancement  are  all  about  us. 

But  the  value  of  these  things  Is  measured  by  the 
fulness  with  which  our  people  have  preserved  their 
patriotism,  their  integrity  and  their  devotion  to  free  In 
stitutions.  If,  engrossed  in  material  advancement,  or 
diverted  by  the  turmoil  of  business  and  activity,  they 
have  not  held  fast  to  that  love  of  country  and  tha'fe 
simple  faith  In  virtue  and  enlightenment  which  con- 
stituted  the  hope  and  trust  of  our  fathers,  all  that  wa 
have  built  rests  upon  foundations  Infirm  and  weak. 
THE  STRENGTH  OF  THE  REPUBLIC. 

Meeting  this  test,  we  point  to  the  scattered  graves 
of  many  thousands  of  our  people  who  have  bravely 
died  in  defence  of  our  national  safety  and  perpetuity, 
mutely  bearing  testimony  to  their  love  of  country  and 
to  an  invincible  living  host  standing  ready  to  enforce 
our  national  rights  and  protect  our  land.  Our 
churches,  our  schools  and  universities,  and  our  benevo 
lent  institutions,  which  beautify  every  town  and 
hamlet  and  look  out  from  every  hillside,  testify  to  the 
value  our  people  place  upon  religious  teaching,  upon 
advanced  education,  and  unon  deeds  of  charily.  (Ap 
plause.) 

Surely  such  a  people  can  be  safely  trusted  with 
their  free  Government ;  and  there  need  be  no  fear  that 
they  have  lost  the  qualities  which  fit  them  to  be  its 
custodians.  If  they  should  wander,  they  will  return 
to  duty  in  good  time.  If  they  should  be  misled,  they 
will  discover  the  true  landmarks  none  too  late  for 
safety ;  and  if  they  should  even  be  corrupted,  they 
wfll  speedily  bo  found  seeking  with  peace  offerings 
their  country's  holy  altar. 

SCOPE  OF  THE  WORDS  "OUR  PEOPLE." 
Let  us  then  have  an  abiding  faith  in  "  our  people." 
Let  petulance  and  discontent  with  popular  action  dis 
appear  before  the  truth  that  In  any  and  all  ojrcunx 
stances  the  will  of  the  people,  however  it  may  be 
exercised,  is  the  law  of  our  National  existence— the 
arbiter  absolute  and  unchangeable  by  which  we  must 
abide.  Other  than  existing  situations  or  policies  can 
only  justify  themselves  when  they  can  be  reached 
by  the  spread  of  political  intelligence  and  the  revival 
of  unselfish  and  patriotic  interest  in  public  affairs, 
Ill-natured  complaints  of  popular  Incompetency  and 
self-righteous  assertions  of  superiority  over  the  body 
of  the  people  are  impotent  and  useless.  (Applause.) 
This  centennial  time,  which  gtlis  our  pride  by  leading 
us  to  the  contemplation  of  our  tremendous  strides  in 
wealth  and  greatness,  also  recalls  to  our  minds  the 
virtues  and  the  unselfish  devotion  to  principle  of 
those  who  saw  the  first  days  of  the  Republic.  Let 
there  now  be  a  revival  of  our  love  for  the  principles 
which  our  country  represents ;  let  there  be  at  this  time 
a  new  consecration  to  the  cause  of  man's  freedom 
and  equality  and  a  quickened  sense  of  the  solemn 
responsibility  assumed  before  the  world  by  every  man 
who  wears  the  badge  of  "  our  people."  (Applause.) 
The  future  beckons  us  on.  Let  us  follow  with  an 
exalted  and  ennobling  love  of  country  and  with  un 
daunted  courage.  Though  clouds  may  sometimes 
darken  the  heavens,  they  shall  be  dispelled ;  and  wa 
shall  see  the  bow  of  God's  promise  set  clearly  in  the 
sky.  and  shall  read  beneath  it,  blazing  in  radiant 
characters,  the  words  "  our  people."  (Continued  ap 
plause.) 

WORDS  OF  CHIEF  JUSTICE  FULLER. 
When  Chief  Justice  Fuller  arose  he  said  in  part: 

It  was  indeed  a  consummation,  the  result  not  sim 
ply  of  the  particular  exigency,  but  of  that  gradual 
growth  which,  having  its  roots  In  the  past,  develops 
Into  the  product  that  endures.  The  men  of  thte  con 
vention  knew  that  the  realization  of  ideals  is  the  wort 
of  time,  and  whatever  speculative  views  of  govern 
ment  or  of  freedom  they  entertained,  they  did  nofc 
attempt  to  carry  them  in  expression  to  their  logical 
conclusions.  They  hiad  confidence  that  the  general 
principles  they  accepted  as  fundamental,  being  de 
clared,  might  safely  be  relied  on  to  work  out  the  prac 
tical  ends  desired.  They  were  familiar  with  the 
leagues,  the  confederacies,  and  the  councils  of  the 
ancients,  the  association  of  communities  of  more  mod 
ern  times,  the  great  steps  in  the  progress  of  English 
liberty  from  Magna  Charta  to  the  Act  of  Settlement, 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


and  still  more  thoroughly  with  the  experience  of  the 
colonies  and  of  the  States,  of  the  New-England  con 
federation,  the  various  Congresses,  and  the  confedera 
tion  of  thte  United  States,  a  part  of  which  they  had 
been,  while  years  of  Keen  discussion  of  the  science  oi 
Government  and  of  ardent  devotion  to  the  cause  of 
liberty  had  stored  their  minds  with  doctrines  and 
fitted  them  for  their  great  task.  (Applause.) 

THE  EXAMPLE  SET   BY   THE   PILGRIMS. 

To  determine  a  form  of  government  by  written  fun 
damental  law  was  110  novelty  to  them.  The  covenant 
of  the  Mayflower  had  set  the  example,  and  all  the 
States  but  two  then  had,  as  all  have  now,  constitutions 
defining  the  respective  rights  and  duties  of  the  citizen 
and  of  the  authority  over  him.  But  to  fashion  the 
Instrument  which  was  to  create  a  nation  out  of  the 
ueoDle  of  free  and  independent  States,  and  at  the 
same  time  In  terms  to  interpose  barriers 
against  the  invasion  of  rights,  and  reserve  to  the  peo 
ple  and  the  States,  respectively,  the  powers  deemed 
essential  to  their  preservation,  without  impairing  the 
eniciency  of  the  central  authority,  this  demanded  un 
equalled  patience,  sagacity,  moderation  and  wisdom. 
That  patience,  that  sagacity,  that  moder 
ation  that  wisdom,  signally  exhibited  in 
general,  was  especially  illustrated  in  his 
chaiacter  and  conduct  whtoso  inauguration  we 
celebrate  to-day,  the  swelling  theme  of  the  launching 
of  the  great  Republic  being  well  nigh  lost  in  the 
recollection  and  contemplation  of  the  virtues  of  its 
first  and  grandest  leader.  To  Washington's  prophetic 
eye  thto  glories  of  the  future  had  lung  been  unveiled, 
dependent  for  realization  upon  the  success  of  states 
manship  in  the  work  of  construction,  entered  on  at 
his  suggestion,  and  carried  to  completion  under  his 
direction.  His  full  anticipations  he  was  not  called 
on  to  disclose.  Tire  equable  and  steadfast  tenor  of 
his  mind  was  exemplified  in  his  well-known  exclama 
tion  :  "  Let  us  raise  a  standard  to  which  thte  wise  and 
honest  c'an  repair;  the  event  Is  in  the  hand  of  God.' 
(Applause.) 

KEEPING  PACE   WITH    THE   EMPIRE. 

For  the  flexibility  of  unwritten  constitutions  there 
was  substituted  here  not  merely  a  mode  of  altera 
tion,.,  when  sanctioned  as  prescribed,  but  through,  the 
simple  generality  of  the  terms  employed,  an  elasticity 
enabling  the  fundamental  law  to  develop  with  the 
progress  of  the  people,  as  the  inexorable  logic  of 
events  influenced  its  provisions  or  judicial  interpre 
tation  expanded  them,  not  so  as  to  impair  the  vital 
rule,  but  to  permit  its  adaptation  to  the  new  condi 
tions.  (Applause.) 

Thus  keeping  pace  with  the  onward  sweep  of  the 
empire,  which  it  rendered  possible,  this  matchless 
instrument  vindicates  its  title  to  Immortality.  The 
conservative  evolution  that  characterizes  it  has  en 
abled  it  to  pass  the  century  since  its  birth,  with  its 
machinery,  no  cog  or  wheel  displaced,  still  noise 
lessly  and  easily  working;  to  receive  direst  amend 
ment,  to  accept  and  absorb  the  results  of  frequent 
construction;  to  emerge  from  civil  war,  drawing  new 
vigor  from  the  strain  to  which  it  had  been  subjected— 

Per  damna,  per  caedes,  ab  ipso 
Ducit  ones  aiJmumaue  ferro. 

Well  may  the  venerable  historian,  whose  years  nearly 
e;jual  the  life  of  the  Nation,  describe  the  Constitution 
as  not  only  the  consummation  of  political  wisdom  in 
the  past,  but  the  trust  of  the  present;  and  well  may 
we  hope  with  him  that  coming  nations  will  avail 
themselves  of  the  teaching  that  its  century  of  success 
ful  operation  affords,  as  will,  we  trust,  succeeding 
centuries  of  progress,  and  in  the  recognition  of  man's 
capacity  to  observe  self-Imposed  limitations  , accel 
erate  the  time  when  the  whole  world  shall  be  wrapped 
in  the  peace  of  one  dominion.  (Hearty  applause.) 

SPEECH  OF  MK.  HAYES. 

Ex-President  Hayes  was  greeted  warmly  when 
he  responded  to  "  The  Presidency."  This  is  a 
part  of  his  speech : 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen:  In  this  city,  in 
1839,  on  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  inauguration 
of  Washington  as  President,  John  Quincy  Adams 
delivered  a  memorable  discourse.  In  it  ho  set  forth 
what  he  deemed  the  true  principle^  of  the  Constitution 
on  the  then  unsettled  question  of  the  relation  between 


the  States  and  the  General  Government.  With  a 
fulness  of  iniormation  which,  perhaps,  no  other  man 
could  marshal,  and  with  a  fauliless  logic,  he  showed 
that  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  iii  terms  and  in 
fact,  was  the  act  of  a  single  people  dwelling  in 
thirteen  colonies,  but  who  united  together,  out  of  a 
decent  respect  to  the  opinions  of  mankind,  dociaied 
the  causes  which  impelled  them  as  "  one  people  to 
d.ssoive  the  political  bonds  which  had  connected 
them  with  another."  He  showed  that  the  articles] 
of  confederation  departed  from  the  firm  and  safe  con 
cord  with  which  independence  was  declared,  and  "  re 
laxed  their  union  into  a  mere  league  of  friendship 
between  sovereign  and  independent  States." 

In  spite  of  the  delects  of  the  articles  of  confedera 
tion  the  spirit  of  liberty  and  the  popular  impulse  to 
unity  carried  the  Americans  through  the  war  as  one 
people  and  the  cause  of  independence  was  triumphant 
But  now  came  the  gravest  perils.  The  danger  of 
conquest  by  British  despotism  removed,  *'  the  Union 
languished,"  says  Mr.  Adams,  k<  to  the  point  of  death." 
'•  There  was,"  he  says,  "  avowedly  no  executive  power." 
Indeed,  he  went  further  and  declared  that  "  the  one 
united  people  had  no  Government."  And  he  was 
altogether  right.  Where  there  is  no  executive  power, 
whatever  else  they  may  be,  there  is  no  government. 
Hence,  when  the  fathers  met  in  that  great  conven 
tion  which  Washington  suggested,  and  which  he  in 
truth  more  than  any  other  man  called  into  being, 
no  more  dirlicult  or  weighty  duty  devolved  upon 
them  than  wisely  to  constitute  the  chief  magistracy— 
the  Presidency— for  the  republic  they  were  about  to 
establish. 

Now  what  shall  be  said  of  their  work?  Speaking 
under  the  necessary  limitations  of  this  occasion  one 
must  avoid  details  and  all  attempts  at  elaborate  dis 
cussion.  No  candid  and  intelligent  retrospect  of 
the  century  that  is  gone  will  fail  to  discover  tran 
scendent  merit  in  the  executive  authority  contrived 
by  Washington,  Hamilton,  Madison  and  their  im 
mortal  associates.  (Applause.)  The  tree  is  known 
by  its  fruit  Experience  has  shown  that  in  ordinary 
times  the  executive  power  is  of  no  greater  importance 
—perhaps  it  is  less  vital— than  the  legislative  or 
judicial  power.  Indeed,  so  happily  constituted  is 
the  Presidency,  that  we  must  say  of  each  of  the 
twenty-six  Presidential  elections  under  the  Constitu 
tion,  that  either  candidate  might  have  been  elected, 
and  the  good  citizen  whose  partisan  feeling  was 
strongest  and  whose  disappointment  was  bitterest, 
could  repose  on  his  pillow  consoled  by  the  reflection, 
although  my  party  is  beaten,  my  country  is  safe. 
(Applause.) 

Is  it  not  true  that  our  Executive  authority  is  so 
fashioned  that  in  ordinary  Limes  it  has  always  been 
so  administered  that  the  Republic  has  received  no 
detriment.'  When  gigantic  perils  and  disasters 
thi  eaten,  when  extraordinary  character  and  powers  are 
demanded,  these  great  occasions  have  always  found 
strong  hands  to  deal  with  them.  To  pilot  the  un 
tried  Government  in  its  first  voyage  over  an  unknown 
and  stormy  sea,  without  a  whisper  of  dissent  in  any 
quarter,  Washington  was  called  to  the  helm,  and 
under  him  the  first  voyage  gave  the  world  assurance 
that  the  prospect  of  the  new  Nation  for  growth,  and 
power  and  prestige  and  happiness  was  unmatched 
by  that  of  any  people  the  world  had  seen  before. 
(Applause.) 

Only  twice  within  the  century  since  our  Govern 
ment  was  established  has  deadly  peril  seemed  to  draw 
near  to  the  people  of  the  United  States.  At  the 
beginning,  as  we  (have  seen,  armed  with  the  orderly 
and  clearly  expressed  powers  of  the  Presidency,  the 
threatened  danger  was  met  and  overcome  by  Wash 
ington.  Again,  as  we  wore  approaching  the  mldd'e 
of  the  second  half  century  .of  the  Constitution,  it  did 
seem  as  if  we  were  drifting— nay,  as  If  we  were  swept 
on  toward  destruction.  Our  friends  in  other  lands — 
the  few  we  had— lost  hope.  John  Bright  was  almost 
alone  among  great  statesmen  with  his  inspiring  con 
fidence—ever  blessed  in  America  shall  be  ths  nv-mory 
of  John  Brie'ht !  Those  not  our  friends,  and  yet  not, 
quite  our  enemies,  shook  their  heads,  and  Hi  on  eh  t 
It  strange  that  we  could  not  see  the  inevitable  end. 
Our  enemies  abroad.  Inb'lant  beyond  expression,  de 
clared  tho  bubble  Republic  bursted. 

PRAISE,  FOR  PRESIDENT  LINCOLN. 
In  that  dread  time  to  what  department  of  our  Gov 
ernment  did  we  look?  The  Judge,  calm,  impartial 
and  wise,  could  interpret  the  Constitution  and  the 
laws.  But,  the  sectional  passion  and  madness  of  the 
hour— would  it  heed  him?  The  Senator,  far-seeing, 
patriotic  and  solicitous,  what  laws  could  he  propose 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


to  meet  the  urgent  need  of  that  time?  In  the  legis 
lative  halls,  as  in  the  court-rooms,  everywhere  was 
clearly  written  the  awful  sentence, 

Inter  arma  silent  leges. 

"In  the  midst  of  war  the  laws  are  silent."  Happily 
for  America,  in  conformity  with  the  Constitution,  and 
by  the  gracious  favor  of  Providence,  the  Presidency 
of  the  Luitcd  States  was  held  by  Abraham  Lincoln. 
(Hearty  applause.)  We  can  truly  say  of  the  Presidency 
that  the  results  of  twenty-five  consecutive  terms  have 
vindicated  the  wisdom  of  the  fathers  who  established 
it.  (Applause.)  Of  twenty-two  terms  there  are  two 
things  that  may  be  said  :  One  is  that  no  great  remedi 
less  harm  came  through  the  executive  power  to  the 
people  it  was  intended  to  sorve.  The  other  Is  that  if 
no  eminent  historical  benefit,  lasting  through  the  ages, 
was  conferred  by  most  of  them,  it  was  perhaps  because 
the  opportunity  for  illustrious  achievement  did  not  oc 
cur.  Hut  during  them  all  the  Nation,  by  its  inherent 
resources  and  energy,  pushed  rapidly  forwaid  In  a 
career  of  unparalleled  prosperity  and  happiness,  unim 
peded  by  executive  crimes  or  blunders. 

Finally,  during  the  critical  and  anxious  years  of  tihe 
other  three  Presidential  terms  the  opportunity  came  to 
America  and  she  gave  to  the  world  two  Chief  Magis 
trates  whose  character  and  deeds,  unrivalled  in  human 
annals,  were  crowned  by  a  devotion  to  country  and 
mankind  which  enabled  them  to  furnish  an  example 
of  Independence  of  personal  advantage  and  of  selfish 
love  of  power,  of  wealth  and  of  title,  either  far  them 
selves  or  their  families,  absolutely  unknown  before  In 
the  history  of  the  rulers  of  the  world.  By  their  ad 
ministration  of  the  Presidency,  Washington  and  Lin 
coln  made  the  great  office,  and  the  century  whose  com 
pletion  we  celebrate,  forever  illustrious.  (Applause). 

REMARKS  BY  SENATOR  EVARTS. 

When  Mr.  Evarts  had  bowed  his  acknowledg 
ments  to  the  applause  with  which  he  was  received, 
Le  said  in  part: 

Mr.  President :  Whoever  infght  receive  the  honor 
from  your  committee  to  speak  in  this  presence  and 
upon  this  occasion,  might  well  wish  that,  he  could 
command  some  treatment  of  his  theme  that  in 
thought  and  phrase  would  comport  in  some  degree 
with  the  granueur  of  this  celebration  and  the  dignity 
of  the  topics  that  should  merit  our  attention.  But 
this  hope  would  be  in  vain ;  the  concourse  of  these 
vast  crowds  of)  our  countrymen  that  have  filled  the 
great  city  through  these  successive  festal  days,  the 
pomp  and  splendor  of  the  pageants  of  the  Bay  and 
of  the  streets,  the  illustrious  assemblage  of  the  great 
heads  of  government  oi'  the  Nation  and  the  States ; 
the  collected  multitude  of  eminent  men  of  all  pur 
suits  and  all  opinions  of  a  populous,  a  prosperous 
and  a  powerful  people— these  are  the  true  orators  and 
Interpreters  of  the  Nation's  sentiments,  ofl  the  Na 
tion's  joys  and  hopes  at  an  epoch  which  recalls  the 
past  of  a  century  and  suggests  The  forecasts  of  another. 
Still,  Mr.  President,  the  noble  company  of  the  banquet 
table  are  gracious  enough  to  allot  a  few  moments  to 
each  of  your  generous  list  of  speakers  for  some  fleet 
ing  illustration  or  enlivenment  of  the  urgent  mo 
tives  and  the  profound  views  of  human  affairs 
which  concurred  to  build  up  and  confirm  the  consti 
tuted  liberties  of  this  people.  • 

It  might  be  thought  that  the  judicial  establishment 
of  the  new  Government  might  easily  find  in  the 
method  and  example  of  English  judicature  and  juris 
prudence  a  ready  and  complete  frame  and  system  for 
the  young  Nation.  The  great  steps  already  secured 
In  the  mother  country,  by  which  an  independent  and 
permanent  and  upright  judiciary  was  our  rightful 
inheritance,  the  trial  by  jury,  the  public  conduct  of 
all  judicial  proceedings,  the  habeas  corpus  and  amena 
bility  of  all  judges  to  impeachment  for  their  mis 
behavior,  these  seem  to  have  supplied  defences 
aaginst  irresponsible  and  oppressive  power  with  which 
our  people  might  well  be  satisfied.  No  one  should  mis- 
unders'tand  these  lessons  in  justice  and  liberty  which 
our  English  ancestry  had  taught  their  rulers  at  home 
and  which  followed  the  emigrants  to  America. 

The  now  features,  however,  in  our  political  estab 
lishments  and  their  wide  departure  from  the  funda 
mental  theory  of  the  English  Monarchy  and  the  Eng 
lish  Parliament,  needed,  and  obtained  in  the  frame  of 
the  Constitution,  new  functions  for  the  judiciary,  and 
stupendous  exaltation  of  those  functions  In  the  co 
ordinate  powers  of  government  which  have  never 
before  been  thought  possible.  The  undisputed  and 
Indisputable  maxims  of  the  English  Constitution, 
that  the  King  could  do  no  wrong  and  that  Parliament 
was  omnipotent,  were  limits  upon  the  rights  of  the 
people  and  upon  judicial  authority  In  their  protec 


tion,  which  disappeared  with  our  grand  conception 
of  the  supremacy  of  a  written  constitution.  By 
this  one  step  all  magisterial  authority  from 
ihe  highest  to  the  lowest,  all  legislative  power,  how 
ever  august  the  lawgivers  In  whom  It  was  vested, 
were  circumscribed  and  subordinated  to  the  all-prev 
alent  law  and  power  of  the  Constitution.  And  thus 
there  cairi6  to  be  whiat  had  not  been  attempted  before, 
under  our  Constitution,  an  ever-present  and  ever- 
active  energy  of  law,  which  qualified  every  act  of 
power,  executive  and  legislative.  This  energy  was 
no  longer  a  mere  persuasive  sentiment  of  justice,  or 
a  vague  menace  of  resistance  to  injustice,  but  an 
energy  that  thwarted  and  paralyzed  any  encroachments 
upon  the  constituted  liberties  of  the  people;  and  thus 
thto  judiciary,  not  only  a  judge  and  divider  between 
the  suitors  in  respect  of  private  right  and  private 
wrongs,  but  a  judge  and  divider  between  the  great  de- 
p'artments  of  Government,  and  a  judge  and  divider 
between  the  people  and  the  collective  powers  of  the 
Government. 

It  is  no  wonder,  Mr.  President,  that  this  consummate 
product  of  the  wisdom  and  courage  of  the  framers  of 
our  Constitution— I  mean  thSs  exaltation  of  deliberate 
reason,  as  the  final  arbiter  of  the  rights  of  the  people 
and  the  powers  of  Government,  into  an  every-day 
working  force,  In  the  orderly  administration  of  the 
affairs  of  a  great  nation— should  have  challenged  the 
admiration  of  philosophers  and  statesmen  alike  in 
every  n'ation  that  has  studied  its  mechanism  and  its 
resistless  and  unresisted  power. 

Qhis  custodiet  custodes?  Who  shall  watch  the 
watchman— who  shall  guard  the  guardians  1  This  Is 
•fho  great  problem  of  civil  society  In  all  the  distribu 
tions  and  all  the  administrations  of  public  trust  and 
power.  The  framers  of  our  Government  have  not 
quailed  before  the  difficulties  of  its  solution.  Let 
the  homage  of  a  hundred  years  to  the  working  of  this 
august  judicial  scheme  attest  the  wisdom  of  this 
feature  of  our  Constitution.  And  let  a  law-abiding 
people  for  the  future  exalt  and  uphold  our  great 
judiciary  as  the  protection  of  the  Constitution  and 
the  safeguard  of  our  liberties. 

Mr.  President,  if  justice  is  the  great  interest  of  all 
civilized  society  ;  if  its  administration  Is  the  nearest, 
the  dearest  and  most  permanent  and  most  universal 
desire  of  a  free  and  instructive  people,  let  us  see  to 
it  that  the  great  record  of  our  judicature  and  our 
jurisprudence  should  be  cherished  with  an  enthusiastic 
reverence.  The  names  and  fames  of  our  great  judges 
must  never  fade  from  our  memories,  but  with  those  of 
our  'great  soldiers  and  our  great  statesmen  be  preserved 
in  our  hearts  from  generation  to  generation. 

FOR  THJU  ARMY  AND  NAVY. 
General    Sherman   in    his    address   said   among 
other  things : 

Mr.  President  and  Kind  Friends  :  When  notified  by 
youi  committee  that  I  was  deta  led  to  respond  to  this 
double  toast,  I  begged  them  to  divide  it,  promising 
to  limit  myself  to  my  own  special  branch  of  service 
in  less  than  half  the  t!me  allotted  ;  but  no  !  I  must  do 
donb'e  duty.  I  therefore  bespeak  your  indulgence. 

One  hundred  years  ago  in  this  goodly  ci»y  of  New- 
York,  our  first  President.  General  George  Washington 
(applause),  took  his  solemn  oath  "  to  the  b°st  of  his 
ability  to  r'p-orvf,  pri  tcct  *ml  def«t -I  tho  ^01  stitu'ton 
of  the  United  States,"  and  thereby  became  Commander- 
in-Chief  of  the  Army  and  Navy,  and  of  the  Militia, 
wh^n  called  into  service. 

Seventy-two  years  after,  his  most  worthy  successor, 
Abraham  Lincoln  (applause),  took  the  same  Identical 
oath,  and,  addressing  his  d'ssatisfied  countrymen  from 
the  portico  of  the  Capitnl  in  Washington,  reminded) 
them  that  they  had  no  oath  registered  in  Heaven  to 
destroy  the  Government,  while  he  had  the  most  solemn 
one  to  preserve,  protect  and  defend  it.  (Applause.) 

In  like  manner  the  Army  and  Navy  have  their 
oath  registered  in  Heaven  to  support  and  defend  the 
Constitution  (applause),  to  obey  the  President  (ap 
plause)  and  all  appointed  over  them,  for  they  are  the 
very  instruments  provided  by  the  Constitution  to  en 
able  him  to  protect  and  defend  it  whenever  force  is 
necessary ;  and  no  Government  on  earth  has  yet  been 
d>vised  when,  at  times,  force  has  not  been  necessary. 
On  such  an  occasion  as  this,  you,  the  citizens  of 
America,  have  a  perfect  right  to  inquire  of  your 
knightly  servants,  have  you  been  true  and  faithful  to 
your  oaths  during  the  past  century? 

Making  due  allowance  for  the  usual  infirmities  of 
human  nature,  I  answer  emphatically,  yes  !  (Loud  ap 
plause.)  Fortunately  we  are  not  compelled  to  look 
back  into  Grecian,  Roman  or  European  history  for 


70 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


Illustration.  Washington  himself  was  the  best  type 
of  the  citizen-soldier  this  world  has  yet  produced.. 
(Applause.) 

AN    EXAMPLE    FOB    AMERICANS    TO   STUDY. 

Apart  from  his  public  history,  he  has  left  an  ex 
tensive  correspondence,  which  has  been  faithfully  pro- 
gerved  by  Sparks,  which  contains  a  mass  of  knowledge 
which  every  American  youth  should  study,  and  even 
members  of  Congress  might  consult  with  profit. 
(Laughter.) 

On  the  24th  of  September,  177G,  he  wrote  to  the 
President  of  Congress  his  judgment  of  the  compara 
tive  value,  in  an  economical  sense,  of  the  regulars 
and  militia.  Again,  on  the  21st  of  April,  1778,  from 
Valley  Forge,  he  wrote  to  John  Bannister,  then  a 
delegate  in  Congress,  a  letter  full  of  wisdom  and  fore 
sight.  I  would  like  to  quote  largely  from  this  letter, 
but  time  and  the  occasion  do  not  wan-ant  it,  and  I 
will  limit  myself  to  a  short  quotation.  Writing  of 
the  jealousy  on  the  part  of  Congress  to  the  army,  he 
says : 

"  It  is  unjust,  because  no  order  of  men  in  the  thirteen 
States  has  paid  a  more  sacred  regard  to  the  proceed 
ings  of  Congress  than  the  army,  for,  without  arrogance 
or  the  smallest  deviation  from  truth,  it  may  bo  said 
that  no  history  now  extant  can  furnish  an  instance 
of  an  army's  suffering  such  uncommon  hardships  as 
ours  has  done,  and  bearing  them  with  the  same 
patience  and  fortitude.  To  see  men  without  clothes 
to  cover  their  nakedness,  without  blankets  to  lie  on, 
without  shoes  (for  the  want  of  which  their  marches 
might  be  traced  by  the  blood  from  their  feet),  and 
almost  as  often  without  provisions  as  with  them, 
marching  through  the  frost  and  snow,  and,  at  Christ 
mas";  taking  up  their  winter  quarters  within  a  day's 
march  of  the  enemy,  without  a  house  or  hut  to  cover 
them  till  they  could  be  built,  and  submitting  without 
a  murmur,  is  a  proof  of  patience  and  obedience  which, 
In  my  opinion,  can  scarcely  be  paralleled." 

RECOMMENDING     A     MILITARY     ACADEMY. 

Finally,  on  December  7,  1796,  but  a  few  months 
before  he  voluntarily  relinquished  office,  in  addressing 
both  houses  of  Congress,  as  was  his  custom,  he  urged 
the  establishment  of  a  National  university  expressly 
"  to  bring  together  the  youth  from  every  quarter,  to 
assimilate  the  principles,  opinions  and  manners  of 
our  countrymen,  and  thereby  increase  the  prospect 
of  a  permanent  Union,"  an  object  ever  dear  to  his 
heart,  which  he  aimed  to  accomplish  by  wise  fore 
thought,  but  failed  by  reason  of  local  jealousies  and 
mean  economy.  Who  will  now  say  that  if  his  wise 
counsel  had  been  heeded  we  might  not  have  escaped 
the  horrors  and  expense  of  our  Civil  War? 

On  the  same  occasion  President  Washington  renewed 
his  recommendation,  often  made  before,  for  the  estab 
lishment  of  the  National  Military  Academy,  to  teach 
the  science  of  war,  the  want  of  which  he  had  often 
felt  in  his  own  previous  experience.  Even  this  was 
not  begun  till  1802,  rather  to  utilize  the  old  barracks 
at  West  Point  left  over  by  the  Revolutionary  Army 
than  as  a  school  of  science,  and  it  was  not  until  1818 
that  it  assumed  the  dimensions  of  a  National  Military 
Academy,  with  results  which  have  excited  the  ad 
miration  of  the  world.  Still  occasionally  breaks  out. 
the  same  spirit  of  jealousy  toward  th^  army  based 
on  the  old  English  doctrine  that  a  standing  army  is  a 
threat  to  a  free  people,  a  doctrine  which  may  have 
some  force  where  that  army  is  commanded  by  a  prince 
claiming  to  govern  by  divine  right,  but  is  simply 
ridiculous  when  our  sovereignty  remains  with  the 
people  themselves,  whose  chief  magistrate  is  one  of  us, 
clothed  with  temporary  and  responsible  power.  After 
a  hundred  years'  experience  the  time  has  come  for  this 
jealousy  to  disappear.  (Applause.) 

TIIE  GROWTH  OF  THE  ARMY. 
When  Washington  took  his  oath  his  army  was  com 
posed  of  the  wrecks  and  remainders  of  his  old  Revolu 
tionary  Army,  amounting  to  2,232  men,  which  he  or 
ganized  Into  a  battalion  of  infantry.  When  In  1797 
he  relinquished  his  command  to  a  constitutional 
successor,  that  army  had  grown  to  be  3,353  men.  con 
sisting  of  a  general  staff,  a  squadron  of  dragoons,  a 
battalion  of  artillerists  and  engineers,  and  three  regi 
ments  of  infantry.  On  this  basis  has  been  built  up 
the  present  military  establishment  of  the  United  States, 
admitting  of  28,764  officers  and  men,  many  of  whom' 
are  non-combatants,  and  a  militia  force  In  reserve  of 
7.921,482  men  capable  of  bearing  arms.  I  will  not 


even  attempt  to  trace  the  many  changes  in  organiza- 
i   tion  meantime  further  than  to  assert  that,   according 
i  to   the  state  of   the  Nation   and  demands  of  the   oc- 
i  casion,  it  has  fallen  at  times  to  a  mere  skeleton,  and 
i  risen  again  to  a  million  of  men,  for  in  this  category 
I  include  the  volunteers  of  the  Mexican  and  Civil  wars. 
These  were  as  much  regulars  as  the  1st  Infantry  or  the 
5th  Infantry ;  they  wore  the  same  uniform,  used  the 
I  same  arms,  shared  the  same  dangers,  were  bound  by 
the    same    laws    and    followed    the    same    flag.      (Ap 
plause.)      How  different  from   the  time  when,  in   the 
cold  winter  of  1777,  General  Washington  had  to  im- 
i   port  Baron  Steuben,  a  soldier  reared  in  the  school  of 
the  great  Frederick,  to  teach  his  array  at  Valley  Forge 
the  first  rudiments  of  organization,  subordination  and 
discipline— lessons  which  took  deep  root,   and  enabled 
iiis  great  chief  to  lead  that  army  from  victory  to  vie- 
tory  up   to   the  end   at  Yorktown.     (Applause.) 

The  force  of  Baron  Steuben's  teaching  was  trans 
mitted  down  after  the  War  of  the  Revolution  from 
generation  to  generation,  and  is  felt  even  unto  this 
,  day ;  but  to  General  Washington  chiefly  every  soldier 
:  of  this  land  turns  with  reverential  awe,  because  they 
realize  that  he  loved  order,  system,  economy  and  faith 
ful  service;  that  by  his  own  example,  by  his  teach, 
ings  and  writings,  he  impressed  upon  everybody  the 
value  of  discipline  and  subordination  to  rightful  au 
thority  perfectly  consistent  with  American  citizenship. 
In  this  spirit  has  the  present  army  of  the  United 
1  States  been  trained,  and  although  predicted  !by 
Europeans  there  is  no  instance  in  our  military  history 
of  the  u usurpation  of  civil  power  not  warranted  by 
the  law  of  the  land.  Of  the  labors,  toils  and  suffer 
ings  of  our  little  army  on  our  remote  frontiers  I 
could  paint  many  a  picture  as  true  and  touching  as 
i  that  given  by  the  Father  of  his  Country  about  his  own 
army  at  Valley  Forge,  and  I  answer  again  the  Army 
of  the  United  States  have  been  as  true  to  their  oaths 
as  the  needle  to  the  pole.  (Loud  applause.) 

A    GOOD   WORD    FOR   THE    NAVY. 
I  can  with  equal  confidence  speak  of  our  Navy— 
for  I   claim   to   be   somewhat  of   a  web-foot   myself 
;   (laughter),  having  crossed  the  line  twice  in  a  man-of- 
war,  and  having  seen  old  Neptune  come  over  the  side 
i   with    hfs    brush    and    bucket    (laughter) ;    but   in    the 
presence  of  the  veterans  here  I  feel  unsuited  to  the 
task  assigned  me,  because  I  yield  to  them,  yea,  to  any 
midshipman  who  has  graduated  at  our  most  valuable 
Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis,  and  who  has  done  his 
i    first  cruise 'at  sea,   a  better  knowledge  of  their  pro- 
1   f  ess  ion   than  I  possess. 

Steel,    steam,    electricity    and    nitro- glycerine    have 
i   revolutionized  the  navies  of  the  world,   have  banished 
i   from  the  high  seas  the  majestic  line-of-battle  ship,  the 
!   handsome  frigate  and  speedy  sloop,  and  in  their  stead 
i   have  substituted  monitors  and  steel-dads,   real  mon 
sters,    of    the   most   uncouth    patterns,    so    that   were 
Nelson  and  Collinjrwood.  John  Paul  Jones  and  Stewart 
recalled  to  earth  they  would  find  themselves  strangers 
on  their  own  decks.     The  world  will  go  ahead,  and  I 
have  abundant  faith  that  the  heroic  youth  of  our  Navy 
will  keep  well  abreast  in  these  modern  inventions,  and. 
should  the  occasion  arise,  they,  too,  will  prove  equal 
to  it,  as  they  have  ever  done  in  the  past.      (Applause.) 
Therefore,  let  me  conclude  with  what  I  might  have 
begun  and  finished  with : 

The  Army  and  Navy  forever, 

Three  cheers  for  the  red,  white  and  blue. 
(Loud  cheers,  long  continued.) 

"  OUR  SCHOOLS  AND  COLLEGES." 
Charles  W.   Eliot,    president  of  Harvard  Col 
lege,  said  in  part: 

That  brief  phrase— the  schools  and  colleges  of  the 
United  States— is  a  formal  and  familiar  one ;  but  what 
imagination  can  grasp  the  infinitude  of  human  affec 
tions,  powers,  and  wills  which  it  really  comprises? 
Not  the  liveliest  and  most  far-reaching.  But  let  us 
try.  Let  us  forget  the  outward  things  called  schools 
and  colleges,  and  summon  up  the  human  beings. 

Imagine  {he  8,OOO  000  children  actually  in  at 
tendance  at  the  elementary  schools  of  the  country 
brought  before  your  view.  They  would  fill  this  great 
house  sixteen  hundred  times,  and  every  time  it  would 
be  packed  with  boundless  loves  and  hopes.  Each 
unit  in  that  mass  speaks  of  a  glad  birth,  a  brightened 
home,  a  mother's  pondering  heart,  a  father's  careful 
joy.  In  all  that  multitude  every  little  heart  bounds 
and  every  eye  shines  at  the  name  of  Washington. 
They  all,  of  whatever  race— British,  Irish.  French, 
German,  Scandinavian.  Italian,  Spanish,  Greek, 
African.  Indian— and  of  whatever  religious  com- 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


71 


dunion— Jewish,  Mormon,  Roman  Catholic,  Anglican, 
Lutheran,  Wesley  an.  Presbyieiian,  Congregational— all 
have  learned  that  he  was  the  brave  and  steadfast 
soldien,  the  wise  statesman  and  the  patriotic  ruler,  who 
made  their  country  lieo.  strong  and  just.  They  all 
know  his  figure,  dress  and  features,  and  if  asked  to 
name  their  country's  hero,  every  voice  would  answer, 
Washington.  (Applause.) 

The  ^50,000  girls  and  boys  in  the  secondary  schools 
are  getting  a  fuller  view  of  this  incomparable  character 
than  the  younger  children  can  reach.  They  are  old 
enough  to  understand  his  civil  as  well  as  his  military 
achievements.  They  learn  of  his  great  part  In  that, 
immortal  1-ederal  Convention  of  1787,  of  his  in 
estimable  services  in  organizing  and  conducting 
through  two  Presidential  terms  the  new  Government- 
services  of  which  he  alone  was  capable— and  of  his 
firm  resistance  to  misguided  public  clamor.  They  see 
him  ultimately  victorious  in  war  and  successful  In 
peace,  but  only  through  much  adversity  and  over 
many  obstacles. 

.Next  picture  to  yourselves  the  00,000  students  In 
colleges  and  universities— selected  youth  of  keen  intelli 
gence,  wide  reading  and  high  ambition.  They  are 
able  to  compare  W  ashiugton  with,  the  greatest  men 
of  other  times  and  countries,  aud  to  appreciate  the 
unique  quality  of  his/renown.  They  can  set  him  be 
side  the  heroes  of  romance  and  history— beside  David, 
Alexander,  Pericles,  Caesar,  Saladin.  Charlemagne, 
Gustavus  Adolphus,  John  Hampden,  William  the 
Silent,  Peter  of  Russia  and  Frederick  the  Great,  only 
to  find  him  a  nobler  human  tyne  tihan  any  ono  of 
them  (applause),  completer  in  his  nature,  happier  in 
his  cause,  and  more  fortunate  In  the  great  issues  of 
his  career.  They  are  taught  to  see  in  him  a  soldier 
whose  sword  wrought  only  mercy  and  justice  for  man- 
Idnd ;  a  statesman  who  steadied  a  remarkable  generation 
of  public  men  by  his  mental  poise  and  exalted  them 
by  Tiis  singleness  of  heart,  and  a  ruler  whose  exercise 
of  power  established  for  the  first  time  on  earth  a 
righteous  Government  by  all  for  all.  They  recognize 
In  him  a  simple,  stainless  and  robust  character,  which 
served  with  dazzling  success  the  precious  cause  of 
human  progress  through  liberty,  and  so  stands,  like 
the  sunlit  peak  of  the  Matterhorn,  unmatched  in  all 
the  world.  (Applause.) 

And  what  shall  I  say  In  behalf  of  the  360,000 
teachers  of  the  United  States'?  They  deserve  some 
mention  to-day.  None  of  them  are  rich  or  famous ; 
most  of  them  are  poor,  retiring  and  unnoticed ;  but 
It  is  they  who  are  building  a  perennial  monument  to 
Washington.  It  is  they  who  give  him  a  million- 
tongued  fame.  (Applause.)  They  make  him  live 
again  In  the  young  hearts  of  successive  generations 
and  fix  his  image  there  as  the  American  ideal  of  a 
public  servant. 

It  Is  through  the  schools  and  colleges  and  the  Na 
tional  literature  that  the  heroes  of  any  people  win 
lasting  renown,  and  It  Is  through  these  same  agencies 
that  a  nation  Is  moulded  Into  the  likeness  of  Its 
heroes.  This  local  commemoration  of  one  preat  event 
In  the  lifpi  of  Washington  and  of  the  United  States 
Is  well ;  but  It  Is  as  nothing:  compared  with  the 
Incessant  memorial  of  him  which  the  schools  and 
colleges  of  the  country  maintain  from  generation  to 
generation.  I  have  mentioned  only  the  pupjls  and 
teachers  now  In  school  and  college,  but  all  the  gen 
erations  for  a  hundred  years  past  have  sounded  the 
praise  of  this  Virginia  country  gentleman  and  count 
less  generations  to  come  will  swell  the  loud  acclaim. 
What  a  reward  is  Washington's !  What  an  Inflence 
Is  his.  and  will  be!  One  mind  and  will  transfused 
by  sympathetic  Instruction  Into  millions;  one  char 
acter  a  standard  for  millions;  one  life  a  pattern  for 
all  public  men,  teaching  what  greatness  Is,  and  what 
the  pathway  to  undying  fame.  (Long-continued 
applause.) 

REMARKS  BY  MR.  LOWELL. 

Here  are  some  of  the  points  made  by  James 
Russell  Lowell  in  his  address : 

A  needful  frugality,  benl«znant  alike  to  both  the 
participants  In  human  utterance,  has  limited  the 
allowance  of  each  speaker  this  evening  to  ten  min 
utes.  (Laughter.)  Cut  in  thick  slices,  our  little 
loaf  of  time  would  not  suffice  for  all.  This  seems  a 
meagre  ration,  but  If  we  give  to  our  life  the 
Psalmist's  measure  of  seventy  years,  and  bear  In 
mind  the  papulatlon  of  the  globe,  a  little  ciphering 
•will  show  that  no  single  man  and  brother  Is  en 
titled  even  to  so  large  ashare  of  our  attention  as  this. 
(Laughter.)  Moreover,  how  few  are  the  men.  In 
any  generation,  who  could  not  deliver  the  message 
with  which  the  good  or  evil  genius  has  charged 
them  In  less  than  a  sixth  part  of  an  hour. 

I   am  to  speak  for  literature,   and  of  our  own   as 


forming  now   a   recognized   part   of  It.     This   Is   not 

the  place  for  a  critical  balancing  of  what  we  have  done 

or  left  undone  In  this  field.     An  exaggerated  estimate, 

and  Indlscriminateness  of  praise  which  Implies  a  fear 

to  speak  the  truth,  would  be  unworthy  of  myself  or  of 

you.      I  might,  Indeed,  read  over  a  list  of  names  now, 

alas,  carved,  on  headstones,  since  It  would  be  invidious 

to  speak  of  the  living.       But  the  list  would  be  short 

i  as  I  could  call  few  of  the  names  great,  as  the  impartial 

i  years   measure   greatness.      I   shall   prefer  to   assume 

;  that  American   literature   is   not   worth   speaking  for 

at  all,  if  It  were  not  quite  able  to  speak  for  itself,  as 

all  others  are  expected  to  do. 

LITERATURE,' 8  PART  IN"  THE  CELEBRATION. 
I    think    this    a    commemoration    In    which    It    Is 
peculiarly  fitting  that  literature  should  take  part.  (Ap 
plause.)      For  we  are  celebrating  to-day  our  true  birth 
day  as  a  Nation,  the  day  when  our  consciousness  of 
wider    Interests    and    large    possibilities    began.     All 
that    went    before    was    birth-throes.     The    day    also 
recalls  us  to  a  sense  of  something  to  which  we  are  too 
Indifferent.      I  mean   that   historic   continuity,   which, 
as  a  factor  in  moulding  National  individuality,  is  not 
only  powerful  In  itself  but  cumulative  In  its  operation. 
In  one  of  these  literature  finds  the  soil,   and  In  the 
other  the  climate,  It  needs.      Without  the  stimulus  of 
j   a  National  consciousness  no  literature  could  have  come 
Into  being,  under  the  conditions  In  which  we  then  were, 
that  was  not  parasitic   and  dependent.     Without  the 
continuity  which  slowly  incorporates  that  consclous- 
j  ness  into  the  general  life  and  thought,  no  literature 
I  could  have  acquired  strength  to  detach  itself  and  begin 
a  life  of  Its  own. 

And   here    another   thought    suggested    by    the   day 
i  comes  to  my  mind.      Since  tihat  precious  and  persua 
sive  quality,  style,  may  be  exemplified  as  truly  in  a 
i  life  as  in  a  work  of  art,  may  not  the  character  of  the 
preat  man  whose  memory  decorates  this   and  all  our 
days  (applause),   In  its  dignity,   its  strength.  Its  calm 
of  passion  restrained,   its  inviolable  reserves,  furnish 
a    lesson    which    our   literature    may    study    to    great 
advantage  ? 

And  not  our  literature  alone.  Scarcely  had  we 
become  a  Nation,  when  the  only  part  of  the  Old  World 
whosj  language  we  understood  began  to  ask.  In  various 
tones  of  despondency,  where  was  our  literature.  We 
could  not  Improvise  Virgils  or  Miltons,  though  we 
made  an  obliging  elfort  to  do  it.  Filling  in  this,  we 
thought  the  question  partly  unfair  and  wholly  dis 
agreeable.  And  Indeed  it  had  never  been  put  to 
several  nations  far  older  than  we,  to  which  a  Vates 
Pace  bad  been  longer  wanting.  But,  perhaps,  1H 
was  rot  allogether  so  ill-natured  a.s  It  seemed,  for. 
after  all.  a  nation  without  a  literature  is  imperfectly 
represented  In  the  Parliament  of  Mankind.  It  Implied, 
therefore,  in  our  case,  the  obligation  of  an  Illustrious 
blood.  (Applause.) 

THE,  PLACE  AND  INFLUENCE  OP  LETTERS. 
Literature  has  been  put  somewhat  low  on  tha 
list  of  toasts,  doubtless  In  deference  to  necessity  of 
arrangements;  but  perhaps  the  place  assigned  to  It 
here  may  bo  taken  as  roughly  indicating  that  which 
it  occupies  in  the  general  estimation.  And  yet  I 
venture  to  claim  for  It  an  influence  (whether  for 
good  or  evil)  more  durable  and  more  widely  operative 
than  that  exerted  by  any  other  form  by  which  human 
genius  has  found  expression.  As  the  special  dis 
tinction  of  man  Is  speech,  It  should  seem  that  there 
can  be  no  higher  achievement  of  civilized  men,  no 
proof  more  conclusive  that  they  are  civilized  men,  than 
the  power  of  moulding  words  into  such  fair  and  noble 
forms  as  shall  people  the  human  mind  forever  with 
Images  that  refine,  console  and  Inspire.  (Applause.) 
It  Is  no  vain  superstition  that  has  made  the  name  of 
Homer  sacred  to  all  who  love  a  bewitchlngly  simple 
and  yet  Ideal  picture  of  our  human  life,  in  Its  doing 
and  its  suffering.  And  there  are  books  which  have 
regenerated  nations.  It  is  an  old  wives'  tale  that 
Virgil  was  a  great  magician,  yet  In  that  survives 
|  a  witness  of  the  Influence  which  made  him,  through 
j  Dante,  a  main  factor  In  the  revival  of  Italy,  after 
I  the  one  had  been  eighteen,  and  the  other  five,  cen- 
I  turies  In  his  grave. 

I  am  not  Insensible  to  the  wonder  and  exhilaration 
of  a  material  growth  without  example  In  rapidity  and 
expansion  (applause),  but  I  am  also  not  insensible  to 
the  grave  perils  latent  in  any  civilization  whch  allows 
its  chief  energes  and  interests  to  be  wholly  absorbed 
In  the  pursuit  of  a  mundane  prosperity.  "Rejoice, 
young  man,  again  I  say  rejoice;  let  thy  heart  cheer 
thee  In  the  days  of  thy  youth ;  but  remember  that  for 
all  these  things  God  will  call  thee  Into  Judgment* 
(Applause.) 


72 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


The  literature  of  a  people  should  be  the  record  of 
its  joys  and  sorrows,  its  aspirations  and  its  short 
comings,  its  wisdom  and  its  folly.  \\e  cannot  say  that> 
our  own  as  yet  suffices  us,  but  I  believe  that  ho  who 
stands  a  hundred  years  hence  where  I  am  standing 
now,  conscious  that  ho  speaks  to  the  most  powerful 
and  prosperous  community  ever  devised  or  developed 
by  man,  will  speak  of  our  literature  with  the  assurance 
of  one  who  behoids  what  wo  hope  for  become  a  reality 
and  a  possession  forever.  (Long  applause.) 

MR.  LEE  ON  "THE  STATES." 
"  The   States"    was   the   toast   to   which  Fitz- 
Ilugh  Lee  responded.     {Some  of  the  things  he  said 
were: 

His  Excellency,  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
Mr.  Chairman,  and  Gentlemen:  The  inauguration 
of  George-Al  ashing  ton  as  the  first  President  of  the 
United  States  is  the  event  in  American  history  we 
are  celebrating  to-night.  It  so  happens  that  I  am 
at  present  Governor  of  the  State  in  which  he  was 
born,  lived,  and  is  now  sleeping  his  last  sleep  so 
quietly  and  calmly  that  no  sound  will  ever  awake 
him  to  glory  again.  Owing  to  that  circumstance,  and 
from  no  merit  of  mine,  I  feel  I  have  been  honored 
by  the  request  to  make  a  response  to  tha  toast  just 
read. 

Virginia,  in  giving  this  illustrious  patriot  to  the 
whole  country,  recognizes  the  fact  that  (hough  one 
State  may  contain  the  locality  of  his  birth,  and  the 
place  of  his  burial,  no  one  State  can  bound  his  bound 
less  fame,  but  that  on  wings  of  renown  his  glory  has 
been  wafted  to  all  parts  of  the  known  world,  and 
now  each  State  in  the  American  Union  is  equally 
Interested  In  all  that  pertains  to  the  hero's  life,  ser 
vices  and  character.  (Applause.) 

WASHINGTON'S  HIGHEST  AMBITION. 

Magnanimous  In  youth,  glorious  through  life,  great 
In  death— his  highest  ambition  was  the  happiness  of 
mankind,  his  noblest  victory  the  conquest  of  himself. 
(Applause.)  In  considering  the  States,  therefore,  we 
must  remember  the  father  of  our  country,  not  only  for 
the  services  of  his  sword,  not  only  because  he  was 
President  of  the  Convention  of  1787.  which  framed  the 
Constitution,  but  because  it  was  due  to  his  great  In 
fluence  that  the  Constitutional  helm  of  our  Government 
vas  attached  to  the  Ship  of  State,  when  first  launched 
on  her  great  experimental  voyage. 

\Ve  gaze  with  patriotic  pride  upon  tho  grand  rivers 
Trhlch  flow  from  State  to  State,  as  they  bear  upon  their 
bright,  broad  bosoms  the  wihlte-winged  messengers  of 
commerce,  but  how  seldom  do  our  thoughts  dwell  upon 
the  source  from  which  these  blessings  flow.  (Applause.) 

THE    STATES    AND   THE,  CONSTITUTION. 

Upon  von  star-spangled  banner  each  State  Is  a  star 
so  similar  In  appearance  and  right  of  presence  there 
that  no  man  In  this  splendid  audience  can  go  to  their 
beds  of  blue  and  point  out  the  star  that  represents 
Indiana  from  that  representing  the  great  Empire  State 
of  New-York.  (Applause.) 

The  Federal  head  In  our  system  of  government  Is 
the  sun ;  the  States,  the  planets ;  the  first  is  regulated 
by  delegated  powers— the  second  exercises  all  rights 
not  given  to  tho  first,  except  those  specifically  pro 
hibited.  If  the  States  break  from  their  orbits  and  en 
croach  upon  the  National  Government,  disaster  and 
ruin  follow;  If  the  National  Government  invades  the 
reserved  rights  of  the  States,  calamity  comes  :  so  that 
observance  on  the  part  of  both  of  this  article  10  of  the 
Amendments  to  the  Constitution  assures  the  liberties 
of  the  people. 

THE  REPUBLIC  OF  THE  FUTURE. 

The  Republic  of  to-day  should  be  the  Republic  of 
the  fathers— the  United  States  of  1889,  under  our 
present  distinguished  Chief  Magistrate,  will  then  be 
the  United  States  of  1841  and  1789,  when  the  sceptre 
of  power  was  in  the  hands  of  a  William  Henry 
Harrison  (applause)  and  a  George  Washington.  (Ap 
plause.) 

May  It  so  continue,  and  may  the  contest  hereafter 
between  the  States  be  for  the  promotion  of  commerce 
and  civilization,  the  pi-ogress  of  agilcultural  an  1 
manufacturing  wealth,  and  the  development  of  tho  arts 
and  sciences,  while  each  State  is  laboring  at  the  same 
time  to  promote  the  common  glory  of  the  United 
States.  Then  may  we  hoar  tho  harmonious  invocations 
from  forty-two  hearts,  ascending  to  our  fathers'  Go1, 
sweeping  into  the  heavens  and  rising  above  the  stars. 


that  State  shall  not  lift  up  its  sword  against  Sta.e, 
neither  shall  they  know  war  any  more,  and  that  the 
reign  of  peace,  union  and  fraternity  shall  be  as  lasting 
as  the  homo  of  the  stars — as  eternal  as  the  foundation 
of  the  everlasting  hills— and  in  your  harbor  IKMO  may 
"Liberty  enlightening  the  world"  join  the  swelling 
anthem  and  proclaim  to  her  subjects  everywhere  that 
the  problem  of  free,  popular  and  Const  tutibna  g  ivern- 
ment  has  been  solved  upon  the  American  coii.iuent. 
(Long  continued  applause.) 

Here  are  a  few  of  the  points  made  by  Senator 
John  W.  Daniel,  of  Virginia  : 

Upon  our  flag  is  a  star  for  every  State.  In  the 
Senate  it  is  an  equal  State  for  every  star.  Each 
btate  has  two  Senators,  and  however  the  Constitution 
may  be  amended  in  other  respects,  by  three-fourths 
of  the  States,  It  is  provided  that  "  no  State,  without 
its  consent,  shall  be  deprived  of  its  equal  suffrage 
In  the  Senate."  The  States  present  countless  diver, 
sities  of  territory,  population,  wealth,  soil,  climate, 
race,  creed  and  history.  They  ditl'er  in  all  things, 
save  In  one  thing ;  each  is  sovereign.  The  Senate  is 
a  judicial  body,  and  so  made  that  equal  States  may  sit 
in  judgment  upon  their  officers,  and  condemn  and  dis 
miss,  if  need  be,  the  Supreme  Judge  or  the  President. 
The  Senate  is  an  executive  body,  and  so  made  that  the 
President  may  make  no  treaty  with  a  foreign  nation 
and  may  appoint  no  public  officer  "  save  by  the  ad 
vice  and  consent"  of  equal  sovereign  States  by  their 
Senators  delivered. 

United  In  one  body  as  the  States  are  in  one  Con 
stitution,  and  yet  each  Senator  deriving  title  from  a 
separate  source,  tho  Senate  is  a  mirror  of  an  Inde 
structible  union  ol  Indestructible  States.  Neither 
Roman  nor  Greek  furnished  its  model*  nor  was  it 
drawn  from  the  Institutions  of  our  mother  country; 
It  is  purely  American  In  Its  origin  and  was  the  design 
of  a  great  people  under  the  inspiration  of  a  great 
age.  The  Senate  has  preserved  Its  absolute  freedom 
of.  debate.  The  call  of  the  previous  question  is  un 
known  to  Its  parliamentary  usages.  It  has  been  true 
to  its  design  and  Its  traditions.  The  sovereign  State 
can  ever  be  heard  through  its  Senator  in  the  council 
chamber  of  the  Senate.  And  as  long  as  this  noble 
tradition  Is  preserved  and  this  noble  liberty  is  exer 
cised  the  State  and  the  United  States  may  exclaim  in 
hours  of  peril,  with  better  right  than  the  Roman,  "  Look 
to  the  Senate." 

WHAT  THE  PRESIDENT  SAID. 

When  President  Harrison  was  introduced,  the 
company  arose,  waving  handkerchiefs  and  nap 
kins,  and  cheering  wildly.  The  President's  re 
marks  were  heard  in  every  part  of  the  hall,  and 
at  frequent  intervals  the  applause  was  almost 
tumultuous.  At  the  close  the  cheering  continued 
for  several  minutes.  The  President  spoke  as  fol 
lows  : 

Mr.  President  and  Fellow  Citizens:  I  should  be  un 
just  to  myself,  and  what  is  more  serious,  I  should 
be  unjust  to  you,  if  I  did  not  at  this  first  and  last 
opportunity  express  to  you  the  deep  sense  of  obliga 
tion  and  thankfulness  which  I  feel  for  those  many  per 
sonal  and  official  courtesies  which  have  been  extended 
to  me  since  I  came  to  take  part  In  this  great  celebra 
tion.  (Applause.)  The  official  representatives  of  the 
State  of  New- York,,  and  of  this  great  city,  have  attended 
me  with  the  most  gracious  kindness,  omitting  no 
office  or  attention  that  could  make  my  stay  among 
you  pleasant  and  gratifying.  (Applause.)  From  you 
and  the  hundreds  of  thousands  who  have  thronged  the 
streets  of  this  great  commercial  metropolis,  I  have 
received  the  most  cordial  expressions  of  good  will.  I 
would  not,  however,  have  you  understand  that  these 
loud  acclaims  have  been  in  any  sense  appropriated  as 
a  personal  tribute  to  myself.  I  have  realized  that 
there  was  that  in  this  occasion  and  In  alJ  these  In 
cidents,  which  have  made  it  so  profoundly  impressive 
to  my  mind,  which  was  above  and  greater  than  any 
living  man.  (Great  applause.)  I  have  realized  that 
that  tribute  of  cordial  interest  which  you  have  mani 
fested  was  rendered  rather  to  that  great  office  which 
by  the  favor  of  a  great  people  I  now  exercise,  than  to 
me.  (Applause.) 

The  occasion  and  all  Its  incidents  will  be  memor 
able,  not  only  in  the  history  of  your  Static,  but  In  the 
history  of  our  country.  New-York  did  not  succeed 
In  retaining  the  seat  of  National  Government  here, 
though  she  made  liberal  provision  for  the  assembling 
of  tho  1st  Congress,  in  the  expectation  that  the  Con 
gress  might  find  its  permanent  home  here;  but  though 
you  lost  that  which  you  coveted,  I  think  tho  repre 
sentatives  here  of  all  the  States  will  agree  that  It 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


was  fortunate  that  the  first  Inauguration  of  Wash 
ington  took  place  in  the  State  and  in  the  city  of  New- 
York.  (Applause.)  For  where  in  our  country  could 
the  centennial  of  the  event  have  been  so  worthily 
celebrated  as  hero?  (Applause.)  What  seaboard 
offered  so  magnificent  a  bay  upon  which  to  display 
our  naval  and  merchant  maiine?  (Applause.)  What 
city  offered  thoroughfares  so  magnificent,  or  a  pop 
ulation  so  great  and  so  generous  as  New-York  has 
poured  out  to-day  to  celebrate  that  event.'  (Applause.) 
1  have  received  at  the  hands  of  the  committee  who 
have  been  charged  with  the  details— onerous,  exacting 
and  too  often  unthankful— of  this  demonstration,  an 
evidence  of  their  contidenco  in  my  physical  endurance 
which  is  flattering  to  mo.  (Great  laughter.)  But  I 
must  also  acknowledge  still  one  other  obligation.  The 
committee  having  in  charge  the  exorcises  of  this  even- 
Ing  have  also  given  mo  an  evidence  of  their  confidence 
which  has  been  accompanied  with  some  embarrass 
ment.  As  I  have  noted  the  progress  of  this  banquet, 
it  has  seemed  to  me  that  each  of  these  distinguished 
speakers  has  been  made  acquainted  with  his  theme 
before  he  took  his  seat  at  the  banquet-table  (laughter) ; 
and  that  I  alone  was  left  to  make  acquaintance  with 
my  theme  when  I  sat  down  at  the  table.  (Laughter.) 
I  prefer  to  substitute  for  the  official  title  which  is 
upon  the  programme,  that  familiar  fireside  expression 
"  Our  Country."  (Applause.) 

I  congratulate  you  to-day  as  one  of  the  Instructive 
and  interesting  features  of  this  occasion  that  these 
great  thoroughfares,  dedicated  to  trade,  have  closed 
their  doors,  and  have  covered  the  insignia  of  commerce 
with  the  Stars  and  Stripes  (loud  cheers)  ;  that  your 
great  exchanges  have  closed;  that  in  the  very  heart  of 
Wall  Street  the  flag  has  been  carried,  and  upon  the  old 
historic  spot  men  who  give  their  time  and  energies 
to  trade  have  given  these  days  to  their  country,  to 
thoughts  of  her  glory,  and  to  aspirations  of  her  honor 
and  prosperity.  (Loud  cheers.) 

I  have  great  pleasure  in  believing  that  love  of 
country  has  been  intensified  in  many  hearts  here,  not 
only  of  you  who  might  be  called,  and  some  of  whom 
have  been  called,  to  give  the  witness  of  your  love  of 
the  flag  upon  battle-fields  both  of  sea  and  land.  (Ap 
plause.)  But  of  these  homes,  and  among  these  fair 
women  who  look  down  upon  us  to-night  (applause), 
and  in  the  hearts  of  these  little  children  who  mingled 
their  piping  cries  with  the  hoarser  acclaims  of  men 
as  they  moved  along  your  streets  to-day,  and  I  believe 
that  patriotism  has  been  blown  into  a  higher  and 
holier  flame  in  many  hearts.  (Applause.)  These  ban 
ners  -with  which  you  have  covered  your  walls,  these 
patriotic  inscriptions,  must  come  down ;  and  the  ways 
of  commerce  and  of  trade  be  resumed  again  here ;  but 
may  I  not  ask  you  to  carry  these  banners  that  now 
hang  on  the  walls  into  your  homes,  into  the  public 
schools  of  your  city  (applause),  and  into  all  your  great 
Institutions  where  children  are  gathered,  and  to  drape 
them  there,  that  the  eyes  of  the  young  and  of  the  old 
may  look  upon  that  flag  as  one  of  the  familiar  adorn 
ments  of  every  American  home.  (Applause.) 

Have  you  not  learned  that    not  stocks  or  bonds  or 
stately  houses,  or  lands,  or  products  of  mill,  or  field,  is 
our  country?      It  is  a  spiritual  thought  that  is  in  our 
minds.  (Applause.)  It  is  the  flag  and  what  it  stands  for,    \ 
It   Is   Its   glorious   history,   it  Is    the   fireside   and   the   j 
htome,  it  is  the  high  thoughts  that  are  in  the  heart, 
born  of  the  inspiration   which  comes  of  the  story  of 
the  fathers,  the  martyrs  to  liberty— it  is  the  graveyard 
Into    which    our    grateful    country    has    gathered    the 
unconscious  dust  of  those  who  died.          Here  in  these   \ 
things  is  that  thing  we  love  and  call  our  country—   i 
rather  than  anything  that  can  bo  touched  or  handled. 
(Great,  applause.) 

Let  me  add  tho  thought:  That  we  owe  a  duty  to 
our  country  In  peace  as  well  as  in  war.  Perhaps 
never  In  the  history  of  our  Nation  have  we  been  so 
well  equipped  for  war  upon  the  land  as  now  (cries  of 
"Good!  Good!");  and  yet  we  have  never  seen  a  time 
In  our  history  when  our  people  were  more  smitten 
with  a  love  of  peace. 

lo  elevate  the  morals  of  our  people;  to  hold 
up  the  law  as  that  sacred  thing  which,  like  the 
ark  of  God  of  old,  may  not  be  touchled  by  Irreverent 
hands ;  to  frown  upon  every  attempt  to  dethrone  its 
supremacy;  to  unite  our  people  In  all  that  makes 
the  home  pure  and  honorable,  as  well  as  to  give 
our  energies  in  the  direction  of  our  material  advance, 
ment— this  service  we  may  render,  and  out  of  this 
great  demonstration  do  we  not  feel  like  reconsecrat 
ing  ourselves  to  the  love  and  to  thte  service  of  our 
country?  (Prolonged  and  loud  applause.) 

The  President  was  escorted  from  the  building  to 
his  carriage  by  fhe  Entertainment  Committee.  There 
were  many  people  outside  the  doors  waiting  to  see 
him,  late  as  the  hour  was 


SUCCESS  OF  THE  BANQUET. 

A  THING  TO  BE  REMEMBERED  FOR  A  LIFE 
TIME. 


SOME  OF  THE  FEATURES  WHICH  CHARACTER 

IZED  IT—  CREDIT  DUE  TO  THE  COMMITTEE 
AND  TO  MR.   M'ALLISTER. 

Thero  have  been  many  occasions,  doubtless,  which 
at  the  time  of  their  occurrence  have  seemed  to  those 
taking  part  in  them  to  be  possessed  of  every  quality 
of  superlative  excellence,  but  which,  when  looked 
upon  retrospectively,  appear  to  lose  something  of 
their  force.  The  participants  in  the  centennial  ban 
quet  at  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House  on  Tuesday 
night,  including  those  whose  enjoyment  was  confined 
to  the  listening  of  the  speaking,  are  among  the  fortu 
nate  np.es  who  may  look  back  on  an  occasion  and  feel 
that  its  eiory  will  hardly  fade  while  the  power  ol 
memory  lasts. 

With  the  lights,  the  flowers,  the  fair  women  in  the 
boxes,  adorned  with  glittering  jewels,  the  heavily 
perfumed  atmosphere,  and  the  sweet  music  of  stringed 
instruments  to  furnish  inspiration,  and  with  thd 
added  consciousness  that  the  highest  intelligence  ol 
the  Nation  was  represented  in  the  audience,  it  was 
only  natural  that  the  speakers  should  strive  to  rise 
in  eloquence  of  thought  and  expression  to  a  plane 
worthy  of  the  theme,  of  the  place  and  of  the  hour. 

No  one  who  who  was  present,  perhaps,  wilj  ever 
forget  how  the  President  looked  as  he  delivered  his 
address.  Ail  the  dignity  and  honor  of  his  great 
office  were  upon  him  and  his  action,  no  less  than  his 
magnificent  command  of  words,  showed  him  to  be 
conscious  of  holding  the  foremost  p^ace  in  the  great 
est  Nation  on  earth,  and  no  one  who  saw  and  listened 
could  fail  to  be  impressed  by  the  conviction  that  the 
man  fitted  the  otlice.  Every  word  that  the 
President  uttered  was  heard  in  every  parr  of  the  great 
auditorium.  His  strong  resonant  voice  of  wonderful 
volume  seemed  to  roll  in  waves  of  sound  into  every 
recess.  His  enunciation  was  perfect  and  his  gestures 
weie  graceful  and  effective.  His  was  the  speech  of  the 
night  and  the  honors  he  won  by  his  eloquence  were 
no  mean  ones  in  such  an  array  of  speakers  as  was 


Times"  stated  editorially  Wednesday, 
in  its  comments  on  the  banquet,  that  ex-President 
Cleveland  was  greeted  with  greater  enthusiasm  than 
General  Harrison  called  forth.  This  Is  absolutely 
false.  Mr.  Cleveland  certainly  received  a  warm  re 
ception  entirely  worthy  of  one  who  had  recently  fired 
the  office  of  President,  even  if  some  of  Its  warmth  was 
the  result  of  sympathy  for  defeat,  but  it  was  not  to  be 
compared  with  the  acclamations  of  the  people  for 
President  Harrison. 

Governor  Hill's  close  attention  to  the  manuscript 
copy  of  his  speech  detracted  from  the  effect  of  his 
words.  It  was  impossible,  as  he  was  compelled  to 
read  each  sentence,  for  him  to  attempt  eloquence  of 
delivery.  Mr.  Cleveland's  remarks  were  well  deliv 
ered  and  were  distinctly  heard.  While  Mayor  Grant 
filled  the  post  of  presiding  officer  with  intelligence  and 
with  credit,  nature  has  unkindly  given  him  a  rather 
shrill  voice  which,  when  raised  as  It  was  to  penetrate 
tJie  far  corners  of  the  auditorium,  grated  unpleasantly 
on  the  ear.  Senator  Daniel  was  heard  In  evrry  part 
of  the  hall,  and  his  delivery  was  impressive  and 
smooth.  James  Russell  Lowell  spoke  in  so  low  a 
voice  that  his  address  was  not  heard  save  by  his 
closest  neighbors.  Everybody  was  disappointed  at  his 
delivery,  which  seemed  entirely  Inadequate  to  the  oc 
casion.  It  was  also  unfortunate  that  Mr.  l-owell 
found  it  necessary  to  keep  his  eyes  nxed 
upon  his  manuscript  while  reading  his  speech. 
the  splendid  audience  became  a  little  restless  at  any 
point,  it  was  during  the  address  of  this  distinguished 
man  of  letters.  Senator  Evarts  did  not  seem  to  give 
his  voice  so  much  volume  as  is  usual  with  him.  Gov 
ernor  Lee  spoke  distinctly  and  with  some  elocutionary 
effect,  and  his  speech  was  heard  and  appreciated  by 
everybody.  General  Sherman,  always  popular  and  al- 


74 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


ways  welcome,  received  an  enthusiastic  reception,  and 
the  old  hero  was  evidently  proud  of  it.  Ex-President 
Hayes  also  spoke  distinctly.  If  Chief  Justice  Fuller 
could  have  declaimed  his  address,  Instead  of  reading 
It,  it  would  have  been  more  elective,  and  this  will 
apply  fully  as  well  to  President  Eliot,  of  Harvard 
College. 

The  arrangement  by  which  the  President  was  made 
the  last  speaker  of  the  evening  was  somewhat  ciltl- 
cised.  It  was  popularly  belie%orl  that  the  committee 
had  given  this  position  to  him  in  order  to  beep  the 
audience  together  until  the  last  moment  and  this  was 
characterized  as  unjust  The  committee,  however, 
when  spoken  to  about  It,  explained  that  the  toasts 
were  so  arranged  as  to  show  the  constitutional  de 
velopment  of  the  country  from  the  colonies  to  the 
present  day. 

The  members  of  the  Entertainment  Committee  have 
every  reason  to  be  proud  of  the  success  of  the  ban 
quet,  and  particular  credit  is  due  to  Stuyvesanfc  Fish, 
the  chairman,  and  to  W.  E.  D.  Stokes,  for  the  hard 
work  they  accomplished.  The  other  members  of  the 
committee,  William  Waldorf  Astor,  William  B.  Beek- 
man,  S.  L.  M.  Barlow,  Robert  Goelet,  William  Jay, 
Gouverneur  Morris,  Levl  P.  Morton  and  Stephen  H. 
Olln,  also  contributed  to  a  larpe  share  of  the  suc 
cess  by  their  personal  efforts.  During  the 
banquet  it  was  remarked.  even  by  metn- 
bers  of  the  Entertainment  Committee,  that  Ward 
McAllister's  achievements  in  securing  all  of  the  llo- 
mauee  Conti  burgundy  that  there  was  in  the  country 
for  use  at  the  ball  was  remarkable.  Thfls  glorious 
wine  of  the  vintage  of  1878  was  of  superb  excellence. 
There  were  only  150  bottles  of  it,  each  of  which  cost 
$6,  and  it  was  rare,  indeed,  when  it  had  to  go  around 
among  800  men  accustomed  t«>  goud  wine.  Mr.  Mc 
Allister  was  right  when  he  said  that  If  he  were  not 
there  this  burgundy  would  not  be  properly  served. 
It  was  cold  when  brought  upon  the  tables,  and  the 
temperature  of  the  room  was  not  high!  enough  to  take 
off  the  chill.  Such  burgundy  as  that  should  have 
been  of  the  temperature  of  a  warm  room.  Not  one 
of  the  men  who  smoked  thfe  splendid  cigars  that  Mr. 
McAllister  had  specially  made  for  the  dinner,  each 
costing  fifty  cents,  failed  to  appreciate  them.  The 
«nly  fault  was  that  there  were  too  few  of  them. 

Mr.  Lowell,  commenting  on  the  dinner,  was  over- 
iteard  to  say  that  never  in  the  great  banquets  of 
Europe  had  he  seen  one  of  similar  dimensions  more 
«u1rotrably  conducted. 


ADMIRING   THE   DISPLAY    OF   FIREWORKS. 

fcARGE   NUMBERS    OF  PEOPLE   AT  THE.  BATTERY 
AND   THE   VARIOUS   SQUARES. 

The  pyrotechnic  display  at  Central  Park  Plaza, 
Fifty-nlnth-st.  and  Eighth-ave.,  was  not  exceeded  in 
brilliancy  by  that  in  any  part  of  the  city.  The  long 
Unes  of  people  which  thronged  the  square  early  in  the 
evening  in  eager  anticipation  of  the  show  were  amply 
rewa-ded  for  the'r  patience  and  discomfort.  The  repre 
sentation  of  the  figure  of  Washington  in  jets  of  gas 
flame  formed  a  magnificent  spectacle  and  merited  the 
prolonged  applause  which  it  received.  During  an 
hour  and  a  half  the  square  was  as  light  as  day. 
Hundreds  of  dollars'  worth  of  rockets  went  streaming 
through  the  air.  People  lingered  about  the  plaza 
till  10  o'clock  in  the  vain  hope  that  the  display  would 
be  repeated. 

Seldom  have  so  many  people  been  drawn  to  Battery 
Park  as  were  attracted  there  to  see  thte 
Centennial  fireworks.  They  began  to  gather  long  be 
fore  dark  and  continued  to  come  until  most  of  tho 
display  had  been  given.  If  once  a  person  got  Into 
the  crowd  it  was  next  to  Impossible  to  get  out  again 
until  the  crowd  Itself  moved  when  there  was  nothing 
more  to  sen.  Women  and  children  were  crushed  and 
hustled  until  they  had  no  strength  to  resist,  and  were 
Bwayed  with  the  crowd  In  whatever  direction  it  moved. 
It  was,  however,  a  most  orderly  assembly,  and  the 
presence  of  the  few  policement  on  the  scene  seemed 
unnecessary.  The  pyrotechnic  display  was  given  on 
the  walk  running  along  the  sea  wall  south  of  Castle 
Carden,  and  was  greatly  admired  by  all  who  wit 


nessed  it.  It  was  estimated  that  15,OOO  people  saw 
the  display. 

A  big  crowd  witnessed  the  display  of  fireworks  in 
Tompkins  Square.  In  the  park  and  in 
Avenues  A  and  ii,  and  from  Seventh  to  Tenth  sts., 
probably  10,000  persons  enjoyed  tho  sight.  The 
tigure  of  Washington  taking  the  oath  of  ofttce.  and 
also  a  large  Centennial  wheel,  containing  100  smaller 
wheels,  revolving  simultaneously,  were  especially 
admired. 

In  Washington  Square  there  was  a  magnificent  dis 
play  of  iireworks.  Over  200  rockets  were  sent  up 
with  tfhe  best  of  pyrotechnic  effects.  The  flights  of 
bombs  numbered  sixty,  and  the  discharge  of  these 
was  followed  by  Bengal  llghtb  that 

for  brilliancy  have  not  been  equalled  since 
the  pyrotechnic  display  of  the  "Siege  of  Moscow"  at 
Manhattan  Beach.  There  were  "  cataracts  ot  fire"  and 
"  cascades  of  diamond  showers,"  that  illuminated  the 
vicinity  of  the  square  for  many  blocks.  There  were 
some  delays  In  the  discharge  of  the  different  kinds 
of  fireworks,  but  the  beauty  of  the  designs  in  the  char 
acters  represented  made  full  compensation. 

At  Union  Square  a  gtreat  multitude  gathered  to  wit 
ness  the  display  of  fireworks,  the  show  lasting  from  8 
o'clock  until  nearly  9.  Nine  set  pieces 
were  displayed,  and  300  rockets  and  three  flights  of 
two-dozen  bombs  each  were  fired.  The  set  nieces 
were  such  as  were  shown  also  at  the  Battery,  con- 
eluding  with  George  Washington  in  Continental  uni 
form.  The  entire  park,  except  a  small  space  within  a 
wire  fence,  was  crowded  with  people,  and  the  upper 
rows  of  the  stands  on  the  four  sides  were  also  occupied. 
It  was  estimated  that  12.000  or  15,000  people  were 
present,  but  the  crowd  maintained  its  good  humor,  and 
no  accidents  were  reported. 


SINGIN&  IN  THE  OPEN  AIE. 


A  RARE  CONCERT  IN  MADISON  SQUARE. 


IMMENSE  CROWDS  AND  A  WELL-RENDERED  PRO 
GRAMME. 

The  concert  by  the  German  singing  societies 
took  place  last  night  in  Madison  Square.  An 
immense  audience  was  present  and  the  programme 
was  rendered  to  the  evident  satisfaction  of  all 
who  heard  it.  It  is  doubtful  if  any  open-air  con 
cert  in  this  city  in  recent  years  has  been  heard  by 
such  a  tremendous  gathering  as  that  which  literally 
choked  up  the  square  last  night.  The  concert 
was  not  advertised  to  begin  until  8,  but  long  be 
fore  that  hour  the  larger  stand,  the  one  in  the 
park,  looked  like  a  sea  of  faces,  while  nearly  every 
inch  of  available  space  between  the  two  stands 
was  filled. 

J3y  an  unfortunate  oversight  a  large  crowd  of 
people  was  allowed  to  fill  the  stand,  in  front  of 
the  Albemarle  Hotel  and  Hoffman  House,  which 
had  been  reserved  for  the  singers.  When  the  so 
cieties  arrived  from  Steinway  Hall  and  pushed 
their  way  through  the  crowd  with  the  aid  of  the 
police,  considerable  time  had  to  be  used  up  in 
dispersing  the  crowd  from  this  stand,  and  it  was 
9  o'clock  before  the  concert  began.  At  that  time 
the  crowd  in  the  street  extended  from  Twenty- 
fifth-st.  to  the  arch  in  TVenty-third-st.,  while  a 
multitude  stood  on  the  grass  behind  the  larger 
stand  and  filled  tho  sidewalks  in  front  of  the 
hotels. 

At  9  o'clock  a  band  of  seventy-five  pieces; 
under  the  leadership  of  Reinhold  Schmelz,  played 
the  stand  march  from  "  Tannhaeuser"  by  Wagner 
with  good  effect.  Next  came  "  The  Jubilee  Over 
ture."  by  Lindpainter,  and  then  the  entire  chorus, 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


75 


2,000  voices;  sang  "  Hail  Columbia"  effectively 
harmonized  by  Max  Vogricli  and  led  by  Theodore 
Thomas  with  his  customary  skill.  The  societies 
not  only  blended  well,  but,  under  the  circum 
stances,  sang  with  surprising  precision  and  fol 
lowed  Mr.  Thomas's  six-foot  cane  with  as  much 
ease  as  if  they  were  singing  under  electric  lights 
instead  of  flickering  gas  jets.  The  band  played 
for  the  next  number  the  "  Hallelujah  Chorus," 
from  "  The  Messiah,"  by  Handel,  and  the  chorus 
followed  with  a  capital  rendering  of  Kreutzer's 
•*  The  Lord's  Own  Day."  A  repetition  was  de 
manded,  and  justly  so.  "  Invocation  to  the  Bat 
tle,"  from  "  Rienzi,"  by  Wagner,  was  given  by  the 
band,  after  which  the  chorus  sang  "  The  Star 
Spangled  Banner,"  also  harrnonizsd  for  men's 
voices  by  Max  Vogrich. 

The  audience  received  this  with  great  favor, 
and  Mr.  Thomas  willingly  departed  from  his  usual 
rule,  and  a  verse  was  repeated.  "  Torchlight 
Dance,"  Meyerbeer,  by  the  band ;  "  The  Heavens 
are  Telling,"  Beethoven,  by  the  chorus,  followed. 
The  "  Jubilee  Chorus,"  for  orchestra,  closed  the 
programme,  and  it  was  appropriately  chosen,  be 
cause  it  ends  with  a  spirited  arrangement  of  the 
American  National  Hymn.  The  chorus  took  up  the 
strain  of  the  hymn,  and  the  audience  swelled  the 
chorus  in  triumphant  tones  that  shook  the  arches 
and  wound  up  the  day  in  a  harmonious  and  happy 
way.  i 

It  was  nearly  11  oclock  when  the  concert  ended. 
Following  are  the  societies  which  took  part : 

Allemania  Maennerchor,  Allemania  Quartette 
Club,  Apollo,  Arion,  Arminia,  Beethoven  Maenner 
chor,  Bloomingdale  Liederkranz,  Concordia  Maen 
nerchor  (Brooklyn),  Cordialla,  Deutscher  Lieder- 
Icranz,  Ehrenritter  Gesangverein,  Eichenkranz, 
Frankenberger  Maennerchor,  Fritz  Reuter  Lyra, 
Germania,  Harlem  Eintracht,  Harlem  Maenner 
chor,  Harugari  Liederkranz,  Heinebund,  Helvetia, 
Hudson  Maennerchor,  Humor,  Zoellner  Maenner 
chor  (Brooklyn),  Kreutzer  Quartette  Club,  Loreley 
Maennerchor,  Marschner  Maennerchor,  Mozart 
Verein,  New-Yorker  Maennerchor,  N.  Y.  Lieder- 
tafel,  Oesterreich,  Orber  Gesangverein,  Orlando, 
Orpheus  Saengerbund,  Quartette  Club,  L'intracht, 
Kheingold,  Rheinischer  Saengerbund,  Rheinpfaejzer 
Maennerchor,  Saengerlust,  Saengerrunde,  Schiller- 
bund,  Schottener  Maennerchor,  Schwaebischer 
Saengerbund,  Theodor  Koerner  Liedertafel, 
Uhlandbund,  Washington  Heights  Liedertafel, 
Yorkville  Maennerchor,  Veteranen  Gesangverein. 


WEDNESDAY,  MAY  1. 


THE    PAGEANT    OF    PEACE. 

MILITARY     POMP     GIVES     WAY     TO     CIVIC 
SPLENDOR. 


REVIEWING    THE  REPUBLIC'S  STRENGTH. 


PRESIDENT  HARRISON  PLEASED  WITH  THE  RICH 
DISPLAY. 


THE  PROGRESS  OF   A  CENTURY  IN  THE  INDUS 
TRIAL  ARTS  MADE  POSSIBLE  UNDER  A  FREE 
GOVERNMENT— A  FITTING  CLOSE  TO  THE 
CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION— FOREIGN- 
BORN   CITIZENS   SHOW   THEIR   LOY 
ALTY  TO  THE  COUNTRY  OF  THEIR 
ADOPTION  —  THE         WONDERS 
ACHIEVED  IN  MUSIC  SINCE 
WASHINGTON'S     DAY. 

Sunrise — Artillery  salutes. 

7  to  8  :20  a.  m.— Formation  of  civic  and  industrial 
parade. 

8:20— Civic  parade  starts  from  Fifty-seventh-st. 
and  Fifth-ave. 

9— President  Harrison  arrives  at  reviewing-stand. 

10  :1 5— Head  of  column  will  probably  reach  Canal- 
st.  and  parade  begin  to  disperse. 

3  : 30— President  Harrison  leaves    the    reviewing- 
stand. 

6— Parade  will  end. 
Closing  banquets. 


CROWDS  AT  THE  CITY  HALL. 
People  began   to  tate   their  places   on   the   stands 
opposite  the  City  Hall  only  a  little  after  8  o'clock,   j 
and  long  before  the  parade  started,  every  seat  was 
taken.     The  steps  of  the  City  Hall  Itself  were   also    I 
crowded  during  the  parade,  although  the  stands  cut   | 
off  the  view  almost  entirely  from  there  and  from  the    j 
lower    windows.     A    company    of    favored    persons, 
however,  found  comfortable  positions  on  the  roof  of 
the  building.     At  the  Federal  Building  eveiy  window 
affording  a  view  of  Broadway  was  filled,  and  In  several    ! 
cases  young  women  sat  on  chairs  placed  on  the  broad 
window  sills.     They  had  a  good  view  of  the  parade, 
and  the  crowds  below  admired  their  fearlessness. 


(Reprinted  from  The  Tribune,  May  2.) 
It  was  but  natural,  perhaps,  that  in  the  land  of 
big  things  and  startling  surprises  the  last  day  of 
the  biggest  celebration  ever  undertaken  should 
turn  out  so  much  bigger  than  was  expected  that 
it  had  to  rely  on  masses,  rather  than  details,  for 
its  supreme  impression.  A  country  that  builds 
Guthrie  cities  in  two  or  three  days,  and  populates 
a  new  territory  several  times  deep  in  as  many 
hours,  is  not  to  be  balked  by  artistic  considera 
tions  in  arranging  a  great  National  celebration  of 
the  centenary  of  one  of  the  branches  of  its  Gov 
ernment.  M.ere  numbers  are  permitted  to  make 
their  elemental  impression,  and  the  sincerity  and 
patriotism  of  the  masses  are  deduced  from  the  fact 
that  they  undergo  the  discomfort  and  fatigue  of  a 
long  march,  rather  than  from  the  figure  they  cut 
in  the  parade.  It  is  this  consideration  that  made 
the  concluding  feature  of  the  three  days'  celebra 
tion  so  significant  and  interesting. 

It  was  the  people's  day.  They  who  had  enjoyed 
the  spectacles  of  the  naval  parade  and  the  march 
ing  troops  on  the  previous  days,  or  at  least  a 
splendid  quota  of  them,  were  themselves  to  make 
up  the  spectacle  that  was  to  te  the  great  feature 
of  the  last  day  of  the  celebration.  And  they  con 
stituted  a  show  which  could  not  fail  to  fill  with 


76 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


amazement  the  mind  of  the  onlooker.  The  I 
things  which  made  this  great,  free  country  what 
it  is  were  splendidly  exemplified:  the  thrift  and 
bravery  and  enterprise  which  have  built  up  our 
great  industries;  the  bravery,  endurance  and  pat 
riotism  which  the  American  youth  inherit;  the 
natural  aptitude  which  enables  them  to  push 
onward  in  the  footsteps  of  their  fathers  and  fore 
fathers  (it  was  a  common  remark  that  the  march- 
Ing  of  the  schoolboys  was  one  of  the  finest  features 
of  the  parade),  and  that  amiable  attitude  toward 
the  arts  that  embellish  civilization  which  was 
brought  here  and  promoted  by  American  citizens 
of  foreign  birth.  All  these  things  were  brought 
to  mind  by  the  great  civic  parade,  which  made  up 
in  variety  what  it  lacked  in  coherency  and  or 
ganization.  But  this  is  no  place  to  be  captious; 
it  was  the  people's  demonstration  and  the  peo 
ple's  holiday,  and  though  quicker  movement 
and  less  heierogenity  in  arrangement  might 
have  enhanced  the  pleasure  of  the  spec 
tators,  it  could  not  have  added  significance 
greater  than  that  inherent  in  it  to  the  ceremonial. 

Circumstances,  not  at  all  to  be  regretted,  con 
spired  to  lend  peculiar  impressiveness  to  the  fact 
that  the  greater  part  of  all  that  was  strikingly 
attractive  in  the  great  civic  parade  was  an  ex 
pression  of  the  political  devotion  of  American 
citizens  who  became  such  by  adoption.  It  has 
been  noticeable  for  a  week  past  that  the  decora 
tions,  modest  though  they  were,  were  most  gen 
eral  in  the  quarters  where  the  masses  of  natural 
ized  citizens  dwell.  Wall-st.,  with  its  colossal 
monuments  to  the  American  genius  for  money- 
making— a  genius  which  had  its  devotees  a  hun 
dred  years  ago  in  the  same  degree  that  it  has  them 
to-day— has  been  an  inspiring  sight  since  the  cele 
bration  began.  No  street  in  the  city  equals  it, 
and  it  might  bear  comparison  through  its  whole 
length  with  the  same  number  of  buildings  selected 
from  Broadway  and  Fifth-ave.,  Fourteenth  and 
Twenty- third-sts. ;  but  Wall-st..  with  all  its  bright 
adornments,  brings  no  better  testimony  to  the 
affection  of  American  citizens  for  the  institutions 
of  free  republican  government  than  the  portraits 
and  Hags  and  cheap  festoons  which  were  to  be 
found  by  the  thousands  in  the  streets  where  the 
toiling  masses  live  who  came  to  this  country  as 
to  a  haven  of  rest  from  political  serfdom  and 
social  oppression. 

There  was  no  need  of  proof  of  the  sincerity  of 
their  patriotism  or  the  magnitude  of  the  role 
which  they  have  played  in  the  development  of  the 
resources  of  this  great  land.  But  if  there  had 
been,  it  would  have  been  found  in  abundance  in 
the  parade  of  Wednesday.  Some  of  the  societies 
which  exist  for  mutual  protection  or  for  charitable 
reasons  confined  themselves  to  turning  out  in  the 
parade  in  order  to  show  their  appreciation  of  the 
blessings  which  have  been  their  heritage  no  less 
than  that  of  the  descendants  of  those  over  whom 
Washington  had  ruled;  but  others  undertook  to 
illustrate  those  features  of  our  industrial  and 
social  life  which  have  been  chiefly  cultivated  bv 
them. 

iu  this  respect  the  German  division  was  the 


most  significant  division  of  the  day's  show.  The 
introduction,  not  into  America,  but  into  the 
civilized  world,  of  the  art  of  printing,  the  culti 
vation  of  the  art  of  music,  and  the  spread  of 
its  humanizing  influences  through  the  medium 
of  societies  of  singers,  floriculture  with  its  gentle 
ministrations,  the  growth  of  the  vine  and  the 
manufacture  of  wine,  with  its  corollaries  of 
geniality  and  good-friendship  (inseparable  irom 
wine-drinking  in  the  German  mind),  the  pretty 
and  poetical  myths  of  childhood,  he  whose  name 
we  have  translated  into  St.  Nicholas  and  all  his 
merry  train  of  fays,  fairies,  gnomes  and  spirits 
that  populate  the  meads  and  woods  and  brooks 
of  the  German's  Fatherland  and  transported 
hither  have  helped  to  quicken  the  fancy  and 
warm  the  emotions  of  American  children— all 
these  things,  and  many  more,  some  of  them  not 
so  unqualifiedly  gracious  in  their  influences,  were 
called  to  the  attention  of  the  myriad  of  careless 
sightseers  by  the  tableaus  that  beautified  the 
German  division  in  the  parade.  The  Liederkranz 
and  Arion  societies,  both  purely  social  organiza 
tions,  with  nothing  to  hope  for  from  the  display 
in  the  way  of  advertisement,  spent  over  $3.000 
each-  in  decorating  allegorical  wagons,  besides 
sending  quotas  of  fine-looking,  well-dressed  men 
into  the  line.  Yet  they  are  only  mentioned  here 
as  representatives  of  organizations  of  their  kind,1 
•whose  efforts  were  equally  disinterested  and 
patriotic. 

Music  appropriately  played  an  important  part 
in  the  demonstration.  To  take  a  glance  first 
at  its  mechanical  side— fully  2.000  men  en 
gaged  in  manufacturing  pianofortes  and  piano 
forte  actions  marched  in  the  processions,  well- 
clothed  men,  all  of  them  wearing  hats  and  canes 
bought  for  the  occasion.  The  overwhelming 
{majority  pf  jthern  were  Germans.  A  richly 
decorated  wagon  bearing  counterfeits  of  an  instru 
ment  of  the  last  century  and  one  of  to-day  was 
the  symbol  of  what  they  have  accomplished. 
What  did  it  mean  with  reference  to  the  indus 
trial  growth  of  the  United  States?  Nothing  less 
than  this:  an  industry  which  had  its  beginning 
sixty  years  ago  is  now  so  large  that  in  it  this 
country  has  now  only  one  rival— Germany ;  and 
that  country  is  a  rival  largely  because  it  made 
haste  to  adopt  the  improvements  in  manufacture 
which  American  makers  invented  and  applied. 
In  this  city  alone  5.000  men  are 
pianoforte  makers,  and  the  capital  in  the 
business  which  was  represented  by  a  cipher  in 
the  first  decades  of  this  century,  is  now  represent 
ed  throughout  the  country  by  $13,000,000.  No 
less  than  60,000  pianofortes  will  be  made  in  the 
next  year  in  the  United  States,  and  the  tiny  tink 
ling  instruments  of  a  century  ago,  to  which  George 
Washington,  like  his  great  admirer,  Frederick  the 
Great,  blew  an  accompaniment  on  the  (lute  in  his 
sentimental  moods,  has  developed  into  an  instru 
ment  that  asserts  itself  in  an  orchestra  of  a  hun 
dred  instrumentalists. 

This  is  a  commercial  view,  but  it  does  not  close 
the  account  of  what  the  musical  portion  ot 
Wednesday's  parade  stood  for.  The  singers  who 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


77 


gave  their  money  to  enrich  the  display  and  also 
walked  in  the  procession  were  the  incarnations  of 
that  spirit  which  has  made  music  one  of  the  most 
potent  agencies  in  the  refinement  of  American 
social  life.  It  was  well  that  it  was  consorted  with 
the  chielest  of  all  those  agencies,  education,  in  the 
civic  celebration  of  the  completion  of  a  hundred 
years  of  constitutional  government.  Several  tab- 
leaus  suggested  these  thoughts.  In  one  were 
grouped  living  images  of  the  great  composers  that 
Germany  has  given  to  the  world;  in  others  alle 
gories  illustrating  some  of  the  poetical  myths  and 
legends  which  have  been  the  inspiration  of  poets 
and  musicians,  and  figures  symbolizing  the  su 
preme  treatment  which  some  of  those  myths  and 
legends  have  received  at  the  hands  of  Germany's 
last  great  dramatic  composer.  Was  there  a  lesson 
in  them  ?  We  shall  see. 

When  the  century  began  whose  conclusion  has 
been  celebrated,  a  few  cities  in  the  United  States 
had  heard  operatic  representations ;  but  they  were 
representations  of  the  trifling  ballad  operas  of 
England,  and  English  singers  had  generally  to  be 
waited  for  before  they  could  be  heard.  The  boys 
of  the  Charity  School  sang  in  the  choir  of  Trinity 
Church.  Gluck  had  been  dead  a  year 
anU  a  half;  Haydn  was  yet  to 
wait  nine  years  before  writing  his  first  oratorio ; 
Mozart,  at  thirty-three,  was  about  to  expire  lika 
a  candle  that  burns  itself  out  in  half  its  allotted 
time ;  Beethoven,  a  struggling  organist  of  nine 
teen,  had  not  yet  written  any  of  the  works  that 
have  made  his  name  ineffable  among  musicians. 
Almost  a  generation  was  to  pass  before  Wagner 
was  to  be  born.  Music  there  was  in  New-York, 
but  not  much;  not  long  before  pleasure  parties 
drove  out  to  Harlem  to  dance,  and  danced  to  the 
fiddle  of  a  negro  slave.  What  New-York  enjoys 
now  need  not  be  enlarged  on ;  her  instrumental 
forces  vie  in  number  and  skill  with  those  of  the 
capitals  of  German  Europe;  her  opera  belongs 
to  the  noblest  institutions  of  its  kind  in  the 
world,  and  is  supported,  not  by  subventions  from 
royal  exchequers  wrung  in  the  shape  of  taxes 
from  the  people,  but  one-half  by  those  who  go  to 
enjoy  its  pleasures,  and  one-half  by  the  ungrudged 
gifts  of  a  body  of  public-spirited  citizens.  In 
very  truth  the  goddess  of  music  has  come  down 
from  the  austere  heights  where  once  she  could 
only  be  approached  by  the  elect  among  her 
devotees ;  she  walks  among  the  people, 

"  Her  feet  have  kissed  the  meadows, 

And  left  the  daisies  rosy." 

Under  smiling  sides  the  festivities  have  passed 
away,  and  taken  their  place  in  history.  Millions 
of  proud  American  citizens  have  participated  in 
them.  No  serious  accident,  no  outbreak  of 
wickedness  occurred  to  put  a  spot  of  gloom  in 
the  record.  The  devotion  of  the  people  to  their 
political  institutions,  their  happiness  and  pros 
perity  under  them,  their  respect  for  law,  their 
constancy  in  the  old  faith,  have  been  wonder 
fully  exemplified.  The  festival  has  been  a  period 
of  great  gladness  to  those  of  the  present;  it  is 
an  augury  of  great  good  to  those  who  are  yet 
to  come. 


THE  TRIBUTE  PAID  BY  LABOR. 


AN  ARMY  OF  CITIZENS  PASSING  MR.  HAR 
RISON. 


PATRIOTIC     INDUSTRY     HONORS     WASHINGTON, 

WHILE  IT  SHOWS  ITS  OWN  UNPARALLELED 

GROWTH  IN  THE  CENTURY  JUST  CLOSED 

—THE    FINE.    SHOWING    MADE    BY 

THE  VARIOUS  ORGANIZATIONS 

—SCENES      AT      THE      REr 

VIEWING      STAND. 

The  step  from  the  pomp  and  splendor  of  a  mil. 
tary  review  to  the  soberer  attractions  of  a  civio 
and  industrial  parade  was  accomplished  yester 
day,  if  not  without  a  certain  sense  of  contrast,  at 
least  without  necessity  for  any  comparisons  that 
are  odious.  Something,  it  may  be  true,  of  the  fire 
and  brilliancy  of  the  pageant  of  Tuesday  was  miss 
ing  in  the  still  vaster  but  less  coherent  and  less 
symmetrical  parade  of  yesterday.  The  streets,  per 
haps,  were  a  little  less  densely  thronged ;  the 
crowds  on  the  stands,  at  the  windows  and  on  the 
housetops  along  the  route  a  little  less  buoyant 
and  enthusiastic.  But  the  spirit  of  the  celebra- 
tion  was  still  strong,  and  the  display  ran  on  such 
large  and  generous  lines  that  it  was  easy  to  forget 
even  the  dash  and  gayety  of  the  review,  in  the 
varied  and  imposing  s>uggestiveness  of  yesterday's 
spectacle. 

The  army  of  Tuesday  had  been  gathered  by  com 
mand.  The  Government  had  called,  and  the  troops 
appeared  to  take  their  share  in  the  official  cere 
monies  of  a  great  anniversary.  But  j^esterday 
there  was  no  summons  of  St-ate  to  put  the  vast 
body  of  paraders  in  motion.  It  was  a  popular  and 
unforced  pageant,  the  spontaneous  expression  of  a 
genuine  eagerness  on  the  part  of  all  classes  of 
citizens  to  do  honor  to  the  memory  of  the  first 
President  and  all  that  it  stands  for— 
a  gratifying  testimony  to  the  soundness  and 
patriotism  of  the  city's  civic  and  industrial  life. 

ALL  NATIONALITIES   REPRESENTED. 

Few  parades,  in  fact,  have  seen  so  large  a 
body  of  foreign-born  citizens  in  the  ranks. 
Probably  half  of  those  who  marched  yesterday 
were  born  on  foreign  soil,  or  trace  their  parentage 
a  generation  or  two  back  to  foreign  subjects.  Yet 
on  this  distinctively  American  holiday,  representa 
tives  of  all  races  and  national] ties, Germans,  French, 
Italians,  Austrians,  Scotchmen,  Irishmen,  Poles 
and  Scandinavians,  joined  in,  many  of  them  at 
a  considerable  expense,  to  hold  up  the  reputation 
of  civio  against  military  patriotism.  No  feature 
of  the  procession  was  more  striidng  than  the 
share  the  so-called  foreign  element  had  in  it,  and 
no  assistance  from  foreign-born  New-York  in  a 
similar  way.  has,  perhaps,  ever  been  so  extensive, 
so  timely,  and  so  grateful  The  Germans  are 
to  be  especially  commended  for  their  aid. 

For  the  distinctively  American  features  one  had 

to   look   to   three   distinct   divisions,    the    school 

|   children,  who  made  the  best  marchers;  the  vet- 

i   eran  firemen,  and  the  members  of  the  Society  of 

I   Tammany.     All  three  made  an  excellent  showing, 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


as  did  many  of  the  trades,  which  turned  out  in 
almost  as  great  force  as  on  Labor  Day.  There 
may  be  those  who  question  Tammany's  position 
in  this  summary.  But  who  can  say  that  the 
chiefs  of  the  Wigwam  did  not  convince  the  Cen. 
tennial  Committee  of  the  absolute  necessity  of 
Tammany's  figuring  in  the  picture  of  a  century 
of  progress? 

Tuesday's  parade  marched  uptown.  Yester 
day's  turned  the  route  about  and  marched  down. 
From  daylight,  almost,  the  paraders  began  to 
gather  in  the  cross-streets  near  Central  Park,  from 
which  they  were  to  move  into  the  avenue.  An 
intelligible  order  had  been  drawn  up,  but  to 
preserve  regularity  in  such  a  multitude  of  undisci 
plined  organizations  was  beyond  the  powers  of 
any  grand  marshal,  and  the  plan  of  march 
determined  upon  in  advance  had  finally  to  be 
given  up.  Each  company  fell  in  where  it  could. 
On  the  whole,  this  change  had  its  advantages.  It 
enabled  the  forces  on  hand  to  be  sent  down  the 
avenue  with  expedition,  and,  contrary  to  expecta 
tion,  nearly  all  the  procession  got  past  the  review- 
ing-stand  before  the  President  and  his  party  were 
obliged  to  leave  it  to  catch  the  Washington  train. 

WAITING    FOB   THE    PARADE. 

Orders  had  been  given  for  the  big  procession  to 
start  at  8  : 20  a.  m.,  and  it  was  figured  out  that  the 
head  of  the  line  would  reach  the  re  vie  wing-stand 
promptly  at  9.  But  the  unavoidable  delay  inci 
dent  to  the  handling  of  so  vast  a  force  of  paraders 
had  not  been  reckoned  with,  and  the  few  optimists 
who  had  hoped  that  the  grand  marshal's  orders 
might  for  once  be  carried  out  with  literal  pre 
cision,  found  the  seats  in  the  stands  all  along 
the  avenue  still  bare  long  after  the  hands  of  the 
clock  in  front  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel  pointed 
to  the  hour  for  the  arrival  of  the  headquarters 
staff.  Just  a  little  after  9  a  line  of  blue-coated 
policemen  was  formed  across  the  avenue  at  Twen- 
ty-third-st.,  and  the  way  was  cleared  for  the 
passage  of  the  President  and  his  party  to  the  re- 
viewing-stand.  But  there  was  no  sign  anywhere 
of  the  expected  guests.  Postmaster-General  Wan- 
amaker  drove  up  to  Madison  Square  in  a  hansom 
cab  with  Colonel  Elliott  F.  Shepard,  and  seeing  no 
one  there  turned  away  to  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel. 
For  half  an  hour  the  stands  filled  up  by  driblets. 
Colonel  Cruger  sent  his  aids  dashing  up  and  down 
the  avenue  from  time  to  time  to  report  on  the 
progress  the  paraders  were  making  in  forming. 
About  9:30  a  horseman  brought  word  that  the 
head  of  the  line  had  got  down  as  far  as  Forty- 
second-st.  The  news  was  spread  further  down 
town,  and  soon  the  ticket-holders  all  along  the 
avenue  were  hurrying  amd  scurrying  to  secure  a. 
good  first  view  of  the  procession. 

At  9:40  what  was  really  the  advance  guard  of 
the  grand  marshal  began  to  form  in  Fiftb-ave. 
almost  opposite  Delmonico's.  The  Mayor  of  New- 
York  was  seen  to  be  at  the  head  of  the  body,  and 
his  yellow  flag  was  carried  just  in  front  of  the 
line  by  an  orderly.  All  the  company,  about  sev 
enty  strong,  wore  silk  hats,  black  frock  coats  and 
broad  yellow  sashes.  They  were  the  representa 


tives  of  the  civic,  commercial,  industrial  and  edu 
cational  societies  of  the  city,  among  them  the  Gen 
eral  Society  of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen,  the- 
Huguenot,  the  Holland,  St.  Andrew's  and  the  New- 
England  Societies;  Cooper  Institute,  the  Marino 
Society,  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  the-  Board  of 
Trade,  the  Historical  and  Geographical  Societies, 
the  Society  of  Architects,  the  Artists'  Society,  the 
Bible  Society,  tEe  School  of  the  Collegiate  Dutch 
Church,  the  Association  for  the  Promotion  of  Art, 
the  Ethnological  Society,  the  Shipman's  Associa 
tion,  the  Art  Students'  League,  Columbia  College, 
the  College  of  the  City  of  New- York, 
the  Bar  Association,  the  Board  of  Under 
writers,  the  Brewers',  Builders',  Coffee, 
Cotton,  Stock  and  Petroleum  Exchanges;  the 
Electrical  Society,  the  Jewellers'  Security  Asso 
ciation,  the  Board  of  Trade  and  Transportation, 
the  Society  of  American  Artists,  the  Mercantile 
Exchange,  the  Master  Painters'  Association  and  the 
Master  Plumbers'  Association.  With  the  Mayor 
these  representatives  of  the  trade  and  industry 
of  the  city  were  to  hand  to  the  President  an  ad 
dress  of  congratulation  and  then  join  him  in  re 
viewing  the  parade  from  the  Madison  Square 
stand. 

A   HEARTY  CHEER  FOR   THE   PRESIDENT. 

At  9  :50  a  squad  of  mounted  policemen  galloped 
up  the  avenue,  and  behind  them  were  seen  the  four 
horses  which  drew  the  President's  carriage.  Colo 
nel  Cruger  was  on  the  front  seat  and  General 
Harrison  and  Vice-President  Morton  on  the  back 
one.  A  hearty  cheer  arose  from  the  crowd  as 
the  President  and  Mr.  Morton  stepped  down  from 
the  carriage  and  walked  toward  the  reviewing- 
box.  Other  carriages  brought  ex-President  Hayes, 
Secretaries  Windom,  Proctor,  Noble,  Eusk  and 
Tracy,  the  Attorney-General,  the  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral,  General  Sherman  and  Russell  B.  Harrison.! 
A  carriage  was  sent  to  the  Victoria  Hotel,  and 
soon  ex-President  Cleveland  was  seen  driving  down 
the  avenue  to  join  the  reviewing  party.  The 
crowds  along  the  route  recognized  Mm  and  cheered 
good-naturedly.  He  took  his  place  to  the  Presi 
dent's  left,  and  everything  was  ready  for  the 
presentation. 

To  a  stirring  strain  of  music  the  Mayor  and  his 
associates  moved  down  the  street.  They  halted 
before  the  stand,  and  Mr.  Grant,  hat  in  hand, 
stepped  over  to  the  edge  of  the  sidewalk,  just 
beneath  the  President.  In  a  voice  that  could 
be  heard  only  a  few  yards  off,  he  modestly  said  a 

Mr.  President:  I  have  the  honor  to  deliver  to  you, 
as  Mayor  of  the  city  of  New- York,  an  address  signed  by 
over  100  Individuals,  In  which  they  congratulate  you 
on  this  occasion. 

Then  he  handed  up  to  General  Harrison  a  silver 
cylinder  about  fourteen  inches  long,  prettily  chased1 
and  bearing  this  inscription: 

1789.  CENTENNIAL  1889. 

CELEBRATION. 

Civic  and  Industrial  Parade.  Addressed  to  the  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States  by  the  Civic,  Industrial  and 
Commercial  bodies  of  New-York  City. 

DANIEL  BUTTERFIELD,  Chief  Marshal. 

HUGH  J.  GRANT,  Mayor. 

THE  ADDRESS  TO  THE  PRESIDENT. 

The  President  bowed  and  reached  down  for  th» 
cylinder.  Glancing  at  it  a  moment,  he  passed  it  to 


Tilt:  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


Vice-President  Morton,  who  next  gave  it  to  Rus 
sell  B.  Harrison.  The  cylinder  opened  by  a  cap  at 
one  end.  It  contained  a  scroll  of  parchment  sev 
eral  feet  long,  on  which  was  engrossed  this  ad 
dress: 

To  Benjamin  Harrison,  President  of  the  United  States, 

April  30.  1889. 

The  undersigned  representatives  of  the  civic,  com- 
mercial,  Industrial  and  educational  organizations  and 
bodies  of  the  city  of  New-York,  on  the  occasion  of 
this  Centennial  celebration  of  the  inauguration  of 
Washington,  the  first  President,  present  anew  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States  in  his  official  capacity, 
their  allegiance  to  the  Government,  Constitution  and 
the  laws,  with  their  congratulations  upon  the  comple 
tion  of  a  century  of  a  constitutional  Government  and 
the  progress  made  in  that  century. 

About  one  hundred  signatures  were  affixed  to  the 
address,  among  them  those  of  Mayor  Grant,  Gen 
eral  Buttertield,  ex-Judge  Noah  Davis,  Joseph  J. 
O'Donohue,  Professor  Henry  Drisler,  acting  presi 
dent  of  Columbia  College;  ex-Judge  Hooper  C. 
Van  Vorst,  Ambrose  Snow,  Jesse  Seligman,  John 
Schuyler,  Charles  S.  Smith,  John  J.  Tucker,  Alex 
ander  S.  Webb,  John  H.  Starin,  W.  K.  Garrison, 
Albert  G.  Bogart,  Charles  Hauselt,  H.  L.  Barnett, 
John  F.  Plurumer,  Charles  T.  Galloway,  James  A. 
Flack,  Trumbull  Smith,  Bryce  Gray,  Robert  Ruttcr 
and  Henry  H.  Holly.  The  ceremony  over,  the  yel 
low-sashed  company  disbanded,  many  taking  seats 
on  the  reviewing  stand.  Mayor  Grant 
mounted  to  a  place  beside  the  Presi 
dent  and  waited  to  point  out  some  of 
the  distinguished  Tammany  braves,  who  were  put 
in  force  not  more  than  a  mile  or  two  up  the  line. 

COLLEGE    BOYS   GIVE    THEIR   YELLS. 

General  Buttertield  and  his  staff  were  the  first 
of  the  actual  paraders  to  go  by  the  stand.  All 
wore  silk  hats  and  yellow  sashes.  The  Grand 
Marshal  came  in  for  a  liberal  round  of  applause. 
The  educational  forces  were  put  to  the  front  in 
the  procession,  though  their  place  on  the  pro 
gramme  was  further  down.  The  Columbia  College 
students  turned  out  about  300  or  400  strong  ap 
parently.  Each  line  gave  vent  to  its  enthusi 
asm  by  a  wild  college  cheer  as  it  reached  the 
stand.  The  marching  was  helped  by  a  guide  line 
of  canes  held  together  by  the  students.  The 
College  of  the  City  of  New- York  followed  Columbia 
more  decorously,  nobody  cheering,  and  only  heads 
of  companies  saluting.  Then  came  a  pretty  file  or 
two  of  small  boys  from  the  Hebrew  Orphan 
Asylum,  with  muskets.  They  kept  the  be^t  line 
yet,  and  the  President  smiled  on  them  approvingly. 

The  Public  School  battalions,  eight  in  all,  easily 
carried  off  the  marching  honors  of  the  day.  Many 
of  the  companies  were  made  up  of  boys  in  knee- 
breeches  and  small  Derby  hats,  and  their  remark 
able  steadiness  and  precision  carried  them  all  the 
way  down  the  avenue  amid  the  enthusiastic  cheers 
of  the  spectators.  One  section  of  small  boys, 
whose  band  played  "  I  Believe  It,  For  My  Mother 
Told  Me  So,"  had  a  little  fellow  in  the  ranks  in 
Continental  dress,  who  saluted  the  President  with 
as  distinguished  an  air  as  JLafayette  could  have 
commanded.  Another  band  aroused  vivid  and 
rather  lugubrious  memories  of  the  ball  and  ban 
quet  by  playing  the  well-known  classic,  "  We've 
All  Been  There  Before,  Many  a  Time,  Many  a 
Time."  The  school  bands,  in  fact,  were  a  great 
resource.  One  of  them  catching  a  glimpse  of 
General  Sherman,  perhaps,  in  the  reviewing  box, 
struck  up  "  Marching  Through  Georgia,"  the  first 
time  the  air  had  been  heard  along  that  part  of  the 
line  since  the  beginning  of  the  Centennial.  Ac 
cording  to  the  programme,  about  3,000  school  boys 
turned  out  in  the  procession,  and  they  made  their 


section  of  it  one  of  the  most  lively  and  entertaining 
of  all.  The  President  was  highly  amused  and 
gratified  by  their  skill  and  discipline,  arid  said  to 
one  of  the  party  with  him  that  the  littile 
fellows  marched  better  as  a  body  than 
m:iriy  of  the  soldiery  in  Tuesday's  parade. 
The  schoolboys  were  marked  down  as  the  Star 
Division  on  the.  printed  list.  They  fully  justi 
fied  the  confidence  of  the  organizers  of  the  display. 

STRAINS  OP  THE   "MARSEILLAISE." 

The  strains  of  the  "  Marseillaise"— heard  also  for 
the  first  time  in  the  parades— now  told  that  a 
French  military  company  wa§  approaching.  The 
stirring  music— favorite  marching  tune  of  the 
Labor  Day  parades— sent  the  French- Americans 
by  quickly  and  easily.  The  Societe  Colmarienne, 
a  civic  organization,  followed.  Then  there  was  a 
break  in  the  order,  and  some  Knights  of  Tem 
perance  slipped  by.  They  had  on  their  banners  the 
old  Roman  letters,  S.  P.  Q.  R.,  which  the  legions 
carried  on  their  standards.  The  connection  be. 
tween  the  Senate  and  people  of  Rome  and  a  mod 
ern  temperance  order  was  not  made  plain.  But 
the  S.  P.  Q.  B.  legend  was  no  more  enigmatical 
than  two  or  three  of  the  allegorical  floats  which 
were  to  follow. 

After  some  companies  of  Sons  of  Veterans  came 
a  brilliant  Italian  command,  in  green  and  blue 
uniforms,  with  long  green  plumes  dangling  from 
their  helmets.  But  the  Italians  were  soon  out 
done  in  splendor  by  a  body  of  Highlanders,  in 
plaids,  tartans  and  bonnets,  their  bare  calves 
keeping  time  to  "The  Campbells  are  Coming." 
The  Highlanders  were  down  to  appear  Inter,  but 
had  slipped  in  at  a  convenient  place.  Behind 
them  were  the  Continental  Guards  of  Yonkers, 
in  the  familiar  blue  and  white  uniform  of  Revolu. 
tionary  times*.  Xn  the  ranks  was  a  tottering  old 
veteran  of  the  war  of  1812,  General  Abraham 
Dalley,  of  Yonkers.  He  was  led  up  to  the  review. 
ing-box  and  stretched  up  to  touch  hands  with  the 
President.  With  him  was  Jay  Gould  Warner, 
an  "  adopted"  veteran  of  1812,  who  used  to  raise 
the  flag  on  the  morning  of  Evacuation  Day  cele. 
brations. 

So  far,  the  floats  that  had  been  assigned  to  the 
first  part  of  the  line  had  failed  to  appear.  Now 
one  pretty  one,  representing  Switzerland,  came 
along.  It  carried  the  legend,  "  Switzerland,  the 
Oldest  Living  Republic;  518  Years  of  Independ 
ence."  On  the  float  was  group  of  men  and  women 
In  brilliant  Swiss  costumes,  a  picture,  one  could 
fancy,  taken  almost  bodily  from  a  stage-setting  in 
"  William  Tell."  Here  was  a  piece  of  the  pageant 
which  appealed  to  the  sense  of  the  populace,  and 
the  sturdy  Switzers  got  many  hearty  cheers. 

"RUNNIJNa  WITH  THE  ENGINE." 

From  grand  opera  to  the  delights  of  "  running 
with  the  engine"  was  a  rather  kaleidoscopic  transi 
tion.  But  the  Swiss  float  had  hardly  passed  along 
under  the  Twenty-third-st.  arch  when  the  gallant 
tire  laddies,  in  red  shirts  and  broad  firemen's  hats, 
brought  the  spectators  back  from  dreams  of  poetry 
to  the  solid  earth.  The  heroes  of  a  hundred  parades 
had  turned  out  in  their  fullest  force  to  swell  the 
ranks  of  the  great  procession.  For  a  mile  or  two 
the  avenue  was  one  solid  strip  of  red— red  shirts, 
red  fire-engines,  red  hook-and-ladder  trucks. 
Everybody  had  seen  the  Volunteers  before,  and 
there  were  calls  from  the  stands  to  familiar  figures 
all  down  the  route.  Chief  Decker  and  ex-Chief 
Harry  Howard  were  cheered  on  every  hand.  The 
veteran  Howard  could  scarcely  hobble  along,  and 
was  plainly  suffering  from  a  slight  paralysis  on  one 
side.  Two  other  firemen  were  easing  his  steps, 
but  he  kept  his  head  well  up  and  grasped  his  silver 
trumpet  as  firmly  as  if  he  were  again  leading  the 
department  of  the  old  days  to  some  block  of  burn 
ing  buildings. 


30 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


The  old  firemen  are  getting  grayer  and  balder 
than  ever.  Scarcely  a  man  in  the  line  could  show 
a  hair  untouched  by  the  whitening  hand  of  age, 
and  smooth  polished  crowns  shone  everywhere  in 
the  sun  when  the  broad  fire  helmets  were  lifted. 
But  no  genuine  "  Vet"  ever  grows  older  in  spirit. 
Gay,  cheery,  light-hearted  as  ever,  they  tugged  at 
the  ropes  of  their  old-fashioned  hand-engines  with 
the  snap  and  vigor  of  thirty  years  ago,  and  they 
marched  as  unflinchingly  under  the  President's  eye 
as  the  youngsters  in  blue  coats  in  Tuesday's  review. 
It  is  enough  to  say  that  no  part  of  the  procession 
arouspd  a  greater  local  and  personal  interest  than 
the  division  of  the  veteran  firemen. 

After  the  firemen  came  a  few  French  and  Italian 
societies.  Then  Mayor  Grant  got  his  chance  to  do 
the  President  and  his  party  a  kind  turn.  The 
Tammany  division  was  approaching,  and  through 
The  reviewing-stand  spread  a  keen  interest  as  to 
the  make-up  of  this  most  formidable  section  of  in 
dustrial  New-York.  At  the  head  of  the  column 
rode  General  John  Cochrane  and  Chamberlain 
Croker.  The  tribes  were  drawn  up  by  States,  and 
marched  in  files  of  twenties,  each  brave  with  the 
smooth,  shining  silk  hat  without  which  no  city 
politician  of  reputation  ventures  to  stir  abroad. 

ADVICE  TO  THE  TAMMANY  MEN. 

Great  trouble  soon  arose  over  these  glossy 
beavers.  Following  military  precedent,  orders  had 
been  given  that  only  the  heads  of  companies  should 
salute  the  President,  the  rest  marching  by  with 
out  a  sign.  But  the  crowd  on  the  stands  would 
have  nom-  of  this  formality. 

"  Take  off  your  hats"  was  the  cry  which  arose 
from  both  sides  of  the  avenue,  as  the  Tammany 
men  showed  no  intention  of  saluting.  There  was 
an  amusing  struggle  for  a  while  against  discipline. 
Half  the  men  in  a  rank  would  lift  their  hats;  half 
would  go  by  with  heads  covered.  Finally,  the 
example  of  saluting  spread,  and  in  the  last  few 
tribes  nearly  every  beaver  went  off.  Tammany 
made  a  highly  creditable  showing,  on  the  whole, 
but  there  were  some  who  kept  wondering  when  the 
order  got  by,  and  may  be  still  wondering,  just 
what  niche  in  the  industrial  world  the  well- 
dressed  Tammany  contingent  fitted  into.  Perhaps 
the  Mayor  explained  this  to  the  President.  At 
least,  he  pointed  out  the  leaders  in  the  various 
Assembly  Districts  of  a  delightfully  smooth  and 
Irictionless  political  machine. 

The  Tammany  display  over,  a  few  Brooklyn 
policemen  gave  a  pretty  exhibition  of  marching. 
They  had  been  spared  from  the  City  of  Churches 
and  seemed  to  enjoy  having  the  laugh  on  their 
rivals  of  this  city.  Behind  the  police  came  the 
Plasterers'  Society,  each  man  wearing  his  white 
working  clothes  and  cap.  Workmen  in  two 
wagons  turned  out  small  plaster  casts  of  Wash 
ington  and  Lincoln,  and  tossed  them  among  the 
crowds.  Opposite  the  reviewing-stand  a  halt  was 
made,  and  a  plaster  cast  of  the  President  was 
struck  off.  One  of  the  officers  passed  it  up  to 
General  Harrison,  who  smiled,  and  bowed  his 
thanks.  This  white-coat  section  mustered  several 
hundred  men,  and  made  a  striking  figure  in  the 
avenue. 

The  main  body  of  the  Italian  division,  which 
had  lost  its  place,  now  got  into  line,  and  made  up 
for  the  time  lost  waiting  in  side  streets  by  going 
down  the  avenue  at  a  rapid  pace.  The  first  com 
pany,  a  military  one,  acted  as  escort  to  the  float. 
u  Columbus  Discovering  America."  the  drift  of 
which  was  easily  recognizable.  The  rear  guard  of 
the  float  had  a  band,  which  played  "  Away  Down 
in  Dixie  Land"— another  novelty,  and  a  grateful 
one. 

THE    IRISH    LEAD    THE    GERMANS. 

The  Italians  made  way  for  the  Scandi 
navians,  whoso  flags  gave  a  pretty  touch  to  the 
scene.  The  Irish  division  now  began  to  get  under 
way,  and  General  James  R.  O'Beirne  soon  ap 
peared,  closely  followed  by  a  body  of  about  2,000 
nae»bers  of  the  Ancient  Order  of  Hibernians. 


All  had  their  St.  Pa'tick's  Day  regalia  on,  and 
there  was  no  lack  of  cheering  to  the  reviewing 
stand.  Every  Irishman,  too,  took  off  his  hat  to 
the  President.  The  Ancient  Order  kept  passing 
for  a  long  time,  and  behind  it  came  a  section  of 
German  sharpshooters  and  a  company  of  brick 
layers.  Finally,  the  Bohemian  National  Associa 
tion  m  irched  by.  Its  band  plajred  the  patriotic 
"  God  Save  Our  Native  Land  I" 

At  1  :10  the  German  division  began  to  appear  in 
some  force.  Half  a  dozen  Scheutzen  companies,  in 
blue  and  gray  coats  and  black  felt  hats,  with  gold 
cord  about  the  rim,  marched  gayly  along  to  time, 
reminding  the  lookers  on  that  parade  music  still 
had  its  uses.  Next  came  the  Turner  Societies,  in 
gray  shirts  and  gr'»y  hats,  and  then  another  body 
of  marksmen,  Austro-Hungarians,  carrying  the 
black  eagles  of  the  Emperor  Franz  Josef.  A  break 
in  the  German  line  let  in  the  Retail  Grocers  at 
this  point.  They  had  Cappa's  7th 
Regiment  band  to  march  behind,  and 
made  an  excellent  figure.  Jhe  Piano  Makers  fell 
in  next.  They  wore  white  Derbys  that  suggested 
summer,  and  their  baud  created  some  amusement 
by  sticking  persistently  to  "  Razzle-Dazzle." 

The  marching  companies  had  now  gotten  pretty 
well  started  down  town  and  room  was  left  for 
the  bulky  floats  to  fall  in  line.  This  they  did,  and 
"  Virginia,"  "  Mt.  Vernon,"  and  several  of  the 
German  pieces  were  sent  by.  Massing  the  his 
torical  and  mythical  tableau  s  together  really  en 
hanced  the  effect  of  the  display,  and  for  half  an 
hour  the  crowd  in  the  avenue  was  treated  to  a 
rapid  succession  of  pictures,  full  of  color,  variety 
and  picturesqueness.  The  different  groups  are 
described  in  detail  in  another  column.  They  were 
the  most  elaborate  and  costly  feature  of  the  pa 
rade,  and  one  that  will  long  be  remembered  for 
brilliancy,  ingenuity  and  historical  accuracy. 

THE    LAST    HOURS    OF    THE    PARADE. 

In  the  last  half  the  great  parade  was  somewhat 
more  long  drawn  out  than  it  was  in  the  opening 
hours.  There  was  less  of  it  to  the  running  foot. 
The  heavy  floats  which  had  missed  their  proper 
places  in  the  line  were  massed  toward  the  end,  and 
the  marching  companies  were  mainly  of  a  religious 
or  athletic  order,  that  did  not  afford  them  special 
training  in  marching.  The  German  societies  were 
well  and  strongly  represented.  Great  flaxen-haired 
men  and  round-armed  Avomen,  dressed  in  historical 
costumes  and  perched  on  historical  and  allegorical 
floats,  passed  by,  sandwiched  in  among  others  that 
bore  the  machinery  and  products  of  the  different 
arts.  The  harps  and  lyres  of  the  Wagner  floats 
were  silent,  and  the  huge  casks  and  puncheons  of 
the  brewers  and  wine  merchants  were  visibly 
empty,  but  the  clink,  clink  of  the  hammer  on  the 
anvil  of  the  iron- workers'  float  had  the  genuine 
ring,  and  the  sparks  that  flew  under  the  regular 
blows  of  the  hammer  were  real  sparks. 

The  bakers  were  loaded  down  with  pretzels  and 
loaves  of  bread  and  huge  rolls,  and  their  pale, 
flour-sprinkled  faces  were  getting  the  full  benefit 
of  the  alternating  sun  and  wind.  The  florist  floats 
bombarded  the  President  with  flowers,  and  the 
basket-makers  tossed  little  pieces  of  wickerwork 
into  the  reviewing  stand.  One  goddess  sent  Gen 
eral  Harrison  her  special  and  particular  wreath, 
and  got  a  low  bow  in  consideration  thereof. 
Mendelssohn  and  Tieethoven  had  their  admirers  and 
followers  as  well  as  Wagner,  and  there  was  a 
sufficiency  of  flaxen-haired,  fair-skinned  women  to 
go  around  among  these  well-designed  musical 
floats. 

CHILDBED  PLEASED  WITH  SANTA  GLAUS. 

Santa  Glaus  perched  on  the  top  of  a  conveniently 
large  chimney,  and  a  Christmas  tree  that  was  to 
profit  by  his  visitation,  caught  the  eye  of  the  little 
folks,  and  the  whirring,  buzzing,  self-binding,  har 
vester,  in  full  play  on  top  of  a  big  truck,  pleased 
the  agricultural  community.  The  American  hog, 
nickel-plated  and  grossly  fat,  grinned  on  the  public 
from  the  four  corners  of  the  pork-packers'  float, 
undeterred  by  the  sight  of  the  strings  of  sausages 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


81 


into  which  he  was  to  be  transmigrated  some  day. 
The  butcher  boys,  both  mounted  arid  marching, 
made  a  fine  appearance,  and  all  the  trades  made  a 
most  creditable  display  as  they  passed  under  the 
President  s  eye. 

The  religious  societies  brought  up  the  rear  with 
well-lilled  ranks,  and  the  groat  procession  that  had 
been  pouring  down  the  avenue  with  rattling  hoof, 
steady  tread  and  rumbling  wheel  throughout  tlie 
heart  of  the  day,  the  greatest  May-moving  this  city 
ever  saw,  was  over,  so  far  as  the  people  on  the 
re  vie  wins-stand  were  concerned. 

The  people  standing  at  Canal-st.  and  Broadway, 
where  the  parade  disbanded,  caught  sight  of  the 
aides  who  led  the  procession  shortly  before  11 
o'clock.  General  Butterfield  and  his  start'  lined 
across  Broadway  here  and  reviewed  the  spectacle. 
As  the  guides,  who  carried  red,  white  and  blue 
silk  flags,  reached  this  point,  they,  too,  fell  in 
line,  and  remained  until  the  end.  The  disband 
ing  of  the  immense  body  was  accomplished  with 
the  greatest  success,  half  the  organizations  being 
turned  to  the  right,  the  others  to  the  left.  The 
float  representing  the  man-of-war  was  wrecked 
in  Canal-st.  just  east  of  Broadway  by  the  break 
ing  of  an  axle.  It  was  pulled  to  one  side  and 
deserted,  and  the  small  boys  of  the  neighborhood 
soon  had  it  dismantled.  The  place  chosen  for 
the  ending  was  a  good  one,  on  account  of  the 
rise  in  Broadway  below  Canal-st.  This  gave  a 
fine  view  of  the  marching  columns  to  people 
in  the  street  as  far  down  as  Worth-st.  At  4:15 
the  last  of  the  line  reached  Canal-st.,  and  the 
great  Civic  Parade  was  at  an  end. 


THE  VIEWFEOM  THE  STANDS. 


UNDER  PRESIDENT  HARRISON'S  EYE. 


INCIDENTS     OF     THE.    VAST     PROCESSION— HOW 
THE  MULTITUDE  ENJOYED  IT  AND  TORE  UP 

THE  DEOOBATIONS  FOR  MEMENTOES. 
The  crowds  upon  the  Madison  Square  stand  were 
not  as  dense  yesterday  as  on  Tuesday.  Their  interest 
In  the  procession,  however,  was  as  great  as  ever. 
The  President's  box  was  well  filled.  Throughout  the 
parade  Mayor  Grant  sat  beside  President  Harrison, 
and  gave  him  occasional  explanations  of  the  various 
features  of  the  parade.  When  the  veteran  fireman. 
"  Harry"  Howard,  limped  by  at  the  head  of  one  of 
the  divisions  of  fire  laddies,  the  Mayor  dropped  an 
explanatory  word  In  the  ear  of  General  Harrison,  and 
the  latter  took  off  his  hat  with  a  deferential  sweep  and 
bowed  low  to  the  crippled  veteran,  who  was  being 
loudly  cheered  along  the  line.  The  crowd  was  greatly 
pleased  when  old  Abraham  Dalley,  bent  with  the 
weight  of  his  ninety-four  years,  the  honors  of  a 
veteran  of  the  War  of  1812  and  a  large  cocked  hat. 
was  led  down  beside  the  Society  of  the  Veterans  and 
Invited  by  the  President  to  come  up  Into  his  box. 
They  watched  the  ancient  soldier  as  he  was  helped 
up  the  stairs  to  a  plaxjp  In  the  Presidential  party  and 
Introduced  to  the  members  of  the  Cabinet  and  Gen 
eral  Sherman.  They  saw  him  sit  out  the  proceedings 
of  the  day  amid  this  notable  company  with  evident 
satisfaction. 

The  people  on  the  sunny  portions  of  the  stand 
Improvised  sunbonnefcs  out  of  newspapers,  programmes, 
etc.,  and  wove  them  In  a  way  that  gave  them  the 
aspect  of  a  colony  of  Shakers.  The  east-side  stand 
filled  up  by  11  o'clock  to  its  full  capacity,  and  pre 
sented  its  familiar  appearance  of  a  solid  bank  of  faces 
and  varied  headgear.  The  west-side  stand  was  not 
so  well  patronized,  tickets  went  down  to  50  per  cent 
below  par  and  yet  further,  and  still  the  occupants 
had  room  sufficient  in  which  to  move  around  and 


stretch  themselves.  The  cro  ,vd  ( n  both  sides  was  an  em- 
inently  jolly  one.  Jokes  and  sandwiches  and  occasional 
corks  flow  in  all  directions.  The  comments  on  the 
dliFerent  features  ol  the  procession  were  both  witty 
and  admiring  They  chaffed  the  different  organiza 
tions,  yelled  "  Take  off  your  hats  1''  to  bewildered  pa- 
raders  and  waved  handkerchiefs  at  familiar  faces  in 
the  lines.  Luncheon  baskets  and  umbrellas  were 
about  equally  numerous,  but  the  latter  were  driven 
to  the  back  row  by  a  demonstrative  public  sentiment, 
while  the  luncheon  baskets  were  omnipresent. 
THEIR  ATTENTION  DIVIDED. 

Nearly  as  much  time  and  attention  were  devoted 
to  the  President  as  to  the  procession.  All  his  move 
ments  and  gestures  were  carefully  noted  and  com 
mented  on.  On  the  whole,  General  Harrison  took 
it  quietly.  He  smiled  broadly  when  a  helpless  cap 
tain  of  one  of  the  civic  companies  wrestled  vainly 
with  his  balky  horse  right  before  the  stand.  His 
captalnsWip  was  evidently  none  too  sure  of  his  seat 
under  favorable  circumstances.  In  recognition  of 
this  fact  a  collection  of  mirthful  spectators  In  the 
front  rows  of  the  west  stand  set  up  a  shout  that  so 
astonished  the  animal  that  he  stopped  stock  still,  and 
then  turned  around  several  times  with  an  Inquiring 
air  of  Injured  dignity.  His  rider  coaxed,  th'e  Presi 
dent  smiled  encouragingly  and  the  crowd  laughed  de 
risively.  At  length  the  horse  decided  that  his  per 
formances  were  not  being  appreciated.,  so  he  stepped 
off  at  a  good  pace,  his  rider  bowing  triumphantly  to 
the  President  and  congratulating  himself  upon  his 
success. 

Another  chieftain  who  excited  the  merriment  of 
the  crowd  rode  slowly  down  the  line,  carefully  study 
ing  the  west  stand  for  a  President  and  reviewing 
party,  but  all  In  vain.  Be  looked  up  at  the  Fifth 
Avenue  Hotel  balcony  and  up  and  down  the  paste 
board  arch  that  spanned  the  way,  still  unable  to 
locate  the  Chief  Magistrate,  whom  he  was  brimming 
over  with  a  desire  to  salute.  The  crowd  laughed 
heartlessly,  and  the  President  from  his  place  on  the 
east-side  stand  gazed  reflectively  after  this  misguided 
captain,  and  th'en  sat  down  to  await  a  better  posted 
and  more  wide-awake  officer. 

If  the  volume  of  cheers  that  went  up  when  General 
Harrison  gracefully  declined  a  glass  of  wine,  offered 
him  by  a  mounted  aid  in  the  escort  of  the  German 
wine  merchants'  float,  may  be  regarded  as  voicing  a 
total  abstinence  sentiment,  the  number  of  total  ab 
stainers  in  that  congregation  was  large.  The  President's 
interest  in  the  procession  remained  untiring  until  the 
end,  or  If  it  flagged,  there  was  no  indication  of  weariness. 
He  looked  at  every  float  and  every  company  with  the 
carefulness  of  one  searching  for  an  old  friend,  and 
there  was  a  tings  of  meditation  in  his  glance,  as 
though  he  were  reflecting  on  the  vastness  of  a  city 
and  nation  that  could  produce  such  an  exhibition,  and 
were  stowing  away  his  Impressions  for  future  reference. 

CLEARING  OUT  THE  STANDS. 
After  the  President  had  been  whisked  away  la  one 
direction  in  his  four-horse  carriage,  and  the  Mayor  had 
disappeared  in  the  other,  soon  after  3  o'clock,  the 
spectators  were  a  little  puzzled  as  to  what  was  coming 
next.  A  few  advertising  floats  came  rumbling  along, 
separated  by  Intervals  of  blank  nothingness,  when  the 
appearance  of  a  platoon  of  mounted  police  convinced 
the  multitude  that  the  show  was  really  over.  A 
moment  sufficed  to  render  the  avenue  black  with 
people.  The  workingmen  began  to  take  down  the 
flags  on  the  reviewing  stand.  A  little  newsboy  rushed 
Into  the  stand  and  planted  himself  in  the  chair 
formerly  filled  by  the  Chief  Executive  of  the  Nation. 
A  workman  tore  off  a  strip  from  a  piece  of  bunting 
and  handed  it  to  a  friend  in  the  crowd  below.  This 
was  the  signal  for  a  general  raid  upon  the  stand  by 
all  in  that  neighborhood.  Bunting,  flags,  canvas  and 
decorations  of  every  kind,  were  torn  to  bits  and  carried 


82 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENAKY. 


off  by  relic-hunters,  and  when  the  departing  multitude 
left  the  stands  to  the  carpenters  and  rapid  dismember 
ment,  there  was  nothing  portable  or  tearable  left  In 
them. 

The  stands  in  Union  Square  were  not  nearly  so 
crowded  as  on  Tuesday  and  the  people  who  occupied 
them  were  not  obliged  to  sit  in  each  other's  laps. 
The  free  stands  had  as  many  people  as  they  could 
comfortably  seat,  but  those  to  which  an  admission 
fee  was  charged  were  conspicuously  bare  in  spots. 
Numerous  incidents  alternately  amused  and  frightened 
the  congregation  near  Tiffany's  and  Brentano's.  A 
temporary  fence  in  front  of  the  new  building  at 
University  Place  and  Fourteenth-st.  broke  down, 
carrying  a  hundred  men  and  women  with  It,  tumbling 
them  upon  one  another  in  the  street. 

While  standing  on  the  fence  many  of  these  people 
had  supported  themselves  by  holding  to  a  wire  rope 
that  extended,  from  a  fastening  in  the  ground  to  the 
top  of  a  telegraph  pole.  As  they  fell  their  combined 
weight  carried  the  rope  close  to  the  ground  and 
everybody  turned  loose  excepting  one  fat  man  who 
held  fast  with  both  hands.  Up  went  the  rope,  twelve 
feet  In  the  air,  swinging  the  fat  man  with  it  Twenty 
thousand^  throats  became  sore  with  shouting  and 
laughing  at  the  ludicrous  spectacle.  Such  chaffing  as 
was  heard  then !  But  the  fat  man  slid  down  and 
sneaked  away. 

CRUSH  AT  THE  WASHINGTON  SQUARE  STAND. 
The  scene  at  Washington  Square  all  day  was  much 
the  same  as  on  the  day  of  the  military  parade.  There 
seemed  to  be  more  people,  however,  and  the  crowds 
were  allowed  to  occupy  the  street  far  beyond  the  curb- 
line.  A  novelty  presented  itself  In  the  use  of  dry- 
goods  boxes  and  barrels  by  the  rear  ranks  of  spec 
tators,  for  the  purpose  of  elevating  themselves  above 
their  less  fortunate  colleagues.  The  streets  crossing 
the  Square  on  the  Waveirley  Place  side  were  absolutely 
barricaded  with  these  Improvised  stands,  which  filled  in 
every  little  crevice  between  the  innumerable  trucks. 
The  crowds  about  the  tangle  were  packed  In  a  manner 
making  It  Impossible  for  any  one  to  pierce  the  barrier. 
The  stand  itself  was  crowded  to  Its  utmost  capacity, 
and  the  park  behind  It  contained  thousands  of  people 
who  had  been  unable  to  gain  even  a  chance  to  secure 
a  seat.  The  occupants  of  the  upper  tier  of  the  stand 
found  it  impossible  to  leave  their  seats  In  the  middle 
of  the  day,  and  many  of  them  who  had  neglected  to 
provide  themselves  with  luncheon  were  supplied  by 
fakirs,  who  threw  life-saving  ropes  to  the  famishing 
and  attached  baskets  of  sole-leather  sandwiches  and 
cans  of  milk  from  the  chalk  cliffs  of  England. 

Pedlers  of  all  kinds,  such  as  flourish  in  midsummer 
at  Coney  Island,  were  In  clover  among  the  "  overflow/' 
for  the  guardians  of  the  public  peace  were  as  unable  to 
get  out  through  the  mass  of  spectators  as  the  un 
fortunate  outsiders  were  unable  to  get  inside  the  lines. 
Barrels  and  boxes,  most  of  them  dilapidated  struct 
ures,  which  offered  every  variety  of  danger  and  none 
of  comfort,  commanded  25  cents  apiece,  and  were 
eagerly  bought.  The  10.000  seated  spectators,  and  the 
10,000  more  who  stood  in  the  immediate  neighbor 
hood  of  the  Square,  were  quiet  in  comparison  with  their 
liberality  of  applause  the  day  before.  They  confined 
themselves  more  to  the  waving  of  handkerchiefs  as  a 
mode  of  expressing  appreciation,  but  indulged  to  a 
great  extent  in  the  "  fad"  of  hurling  volleys  of  fruit  and 
sandwiches  at  the  marching  hosts. 

A   SHOWER    OP   CUSHIONS   AT   THE   RESERVOIR. 

When  the  sun  climbed  over  the  tops  of  the  houses 
and  looked  down  Into  Flfth-ave.  it  saw  the  grand 
•tand  at  the  reservoir  covered  with  a  laughing, 
shouting,  pushing  and  scrambling  multitude,  each 
person  intent  on  getting  the  best  seats,  and,  con 
sequently  each  person  getting  into  somebody  else's 
way.  It  was  a  surprisingly  good-humored  crowd, 
however,  and  the  people  seemed  to  feel  a  common 
bond  of  sympathy,  for,  to  a  large  extent,  the  same 
people  occupied  the  stand  yesterday  who  had  viewed 
the  military  parade  of  the  day  before  from  that 
point.  Fully  as  many  people  crowded  the  stand  as 
on  Tuesday. 

For  almost  six  hours  the  people  sat  and  watched 
the  ever-changing  panorama,  ever  breaking  Into  new 
exclamations  of  delight  as  some  new  wonder  came 


In  sight.  The  minute  the  last  float  had  passed  the 
crowd  filled  in  the  avenue  behind  it;  but  when  the 
path  in  front  of  the  reservoir  stand  became  thus 
black  with  people,  the  following  crowd  met  with  an 
unexpected  experience. 

The  occupants  of  the  stand  had  been  sitting  on 
cushions  which  en torp rising  merchants  had  sold  to 
them,  but  now  they  had  no  further  use  for  them, 
and  so,  by  common  impulse,  without  a  thought  of 
the  consequences,  they  hurled  the  cushions  down  upon 
the  heads  of  the  unsuspecting  crowds  beneath.  For 
a  few  minutes  the  air  was  full  of  flying  cushions,  and 
then  the  consequences  were  made  apparent.  Battered 
silk  hats  and  ruined  spring  bonnets,  together  with  the 
agonized  expression  of  the  luckless  wearers,  brought 
a  sudden  remorse  to  the  thoughtless  throwers,  while 
the  small  boys  gathered  up  the  cushions  and  scampered 
away.  ^ 

AS  MANY  SIGHT-SEEKS  AS  EVER. 

THE,  PATIENT  AND  GOOD-HUMORED  MULTITUDES 
IN  THE  STREETS— SCENES  ABOUT  THE  CITY. 

The  crowds  along  the  line  of  the  parade  yesterday 
!  were  perhaps  even  greater  than  those  of  the  day  before. 
j  As  early  as  6  o'clock,  families  and  little  parties  left 
their  homes  to  secure  seats  on  the  stoops  of  the  Fifth, 
ave.  houses  that  were  free  to  the  public,  and  by  an 
hour  later  the  only  way  to  get  a  seat  was  to  pay  from 
two  to  five  dollars  for  it.  The  owners  of  wagons  fitted 
up  with  tiers  of  seats  arose  with  the  sun,  in  their 
anxiety  to.  got  good  positions  in  the  streets  just,  off 
the  line  of  march,  some  even  staying  all  night  to  keep 
their  places.  These  wagons,  the  big  stands  In  Madison, 
Union  and  Washington  Squares,  and  the  thousand  and 
one  smaller  ones  along  the  route  of  the  procession 
began  to  fill  up  before  8  o'clock.  The  windows  along 
Fifth-ave.  and  Broadway  were  in  most  cases  not  oc 
cupied  until  the  music  announced  the  coming  of  the 
parade. 

Although  the  show  of  yesterday  was  announced  to 
begin  so  much  sooner  than  that  of  the  day  before 
people  did  not  seek  their  seats  any  earlier.  They 
had  had  an  experience  on  Tuesday  that  taught  them 
the  discomforts  of  standing,  or  even  sitting,  from  early 
morning  until  6  o'clock  In  the  afternoon  without  any 
thing  to  eat  but  a  sandwich,  or  anything  to  drink 
but  circus  lemonade.  Besides,  the  civic  pageant 
was  long  and  marched  slowly,  and  many  were  satis 
fied  with  an  hour's  view  of  It.  Then,  too,  business 
was  not  nearly  so  generally  suspended  yesterday  as 
on  the  previous  day,  as  few  firms  could  art'ord  to  close 
their  houses  two  days  in  succession.  The  fact  that 
the  route  of  the  civic  parade  was  a  mile  shorter  than 
that  of  the  military,  however,  greatly  increased  the 
mass  of  people  above  Canal-st..  and  the  scenes  of 
jamming  and  jostling  of  the  previous  day  were  re-en 
acted  on  even  a  larger  scale. 

Early  in  the  morning,  a  line  of  people  two  or  three 
deep  -at"-"i  along  the  curbstones  and  the  rest  of  the 
pavement  and  all  the  streets  were  well  filled  with 
files  of  sight-seers  going  up  and  dowin  in  search  of  a 
good  place  to  view  the  parade.  Wagons  filled  with 
stools  and  boxes  that  were  sold  to  those  who  did  not 
care  to  pay  big  prices  for  seats  on  the  stands,  and 
carriages  containing  strangers  who  wished  to  see  the 
decorations  and  the  crowds,  passed  through  Fifth- 
ave.  until  about  9  o'clock,  when  the  police  cleared 
the  streets. 

Many  of  the  soldiers  and  visitors  left  the  city  on 
Tuesday  night,  but  their  places  were  at  once  taken 
by  Incoming  crowds.  The  Pennsylvania,  Jersey 
Central,  New-York  and  New-Haven,  and  in  fact  all  the 
roads  running  into  the  city  brought  enormous  crowds 
of  passengers  yesterday  morning.  The  trains  from 
all  the  suburban  towns  were  delayed  more  or  less 
by  the  jam.  There  were  people  of  all  kinds.  Busi 
ness  men  living  out  of  town  brought  their  families 
and  friends  to  see  the  sights,  and  country  cousins 
simply  swarmed  to  visit  their  city  relatives.  Young 
men  and  their  sweethearts  on  excursions  to  New- York 
actually  forgot  to  make  love,  so  great  was  the  crush. 
The  Bridge  and  all  incoming  ferries  poured  in  people 
by  the  thousands  and  neighboring  roads  were  alive 
with  the  wagons  of  country  folks  driving  to  town  to 
view  the  spectacle.  As  a  result,  the  streets  In  all 
parts  of  the  city  w°re  filled  all  dav.  Even  away  from 
the  multitudes  that  lined  the  route  of  the  procession 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENABY. 


It  was  evident,  both  from  the  numbers  and  from  the 
character  of  those  on  the  streets,  that  something  un 
usual  was  going  on.  The  word  rustic  was  written 
on  the  garments  and  features  of  many,  and  the  way 
that  they  craned  their  necks  looking  at  the  tops  of 
the  high  buildings  and  the  suddenness  with  which 
they  slapped  their  hands  to  Inside  pockets  when  they 
saw  a  "  Beware  of  Pickpockets"  sign  gave  further 
proof,  if  any  was  needed,  that  the  backwoods  districts 
were  well  represented. 

The  cars,  both  elevated  and  surface,  did  an  enor 
mous  business  carrying  people  to  and  from  the 
parade,  and  at  all  hours  of  the  day  they  were  crowded 
to  the  platforms. 

In  the  neighborhood  of  the  Fifry-ninth-st.  Plaza 
all  was  confusion  from  an  early  hour  until  the  last 
of  the  paraders  had  passed  down  Fifth-ave.  As  early 
as  7  o'clock  the  people  began  to  arrive  from  all  di 
rections  and  soon  afterward  the  organizations  that 
had  been  assigned  places  Jn  the  line  began  to  appear. 
Great  interest  centred  around  the  veteran  firemen's 
organizations  and  their  brightly  burnished  apparatus 
attracted  general  attention.  But  it  was 
In  the  German  contingent  and  their 
gayly  bedecked  floats  that  the  crowds 
of  people  found  most  to  interest  them.  Aids  astride 
swift  horses  dashed  here,  there  and  everywhere 
along  Fifth-ave.  and  In  the  sl'Je  streets  where  the 
organizations  were  drawn  up  awaiting  the  order 
to  take  their  place  In  line.  Large  as  the  crowd  was, 
it  was  composed  of  good-natured  people  who  pa 
tiently  waited  for  the  procession  to  move.  The 
policemen  found  no  difficulty  In  keeping  the  people 
within  the  prescribed  limits. 


A   GLITTEEING    CAVALCADE. 


EXCELLENT  DISPLAY  MADE  BY  THE  GER 
MAN  CITIZENS. 


A  LONG  LINE    OF  WELL-EXECUTED    AND    AUTIS 
TIC    SURPRISES    ON    WHEELS-ORGANIZA 
TIONS  IN  THE,  PARADE, 

The  German  contingent  formed  in  and  around  Fifth- 
»ve.  between  Fifty-seventh  and  Sixty-seventh  sts.  The 
marshalling  of  the  division  was  admirable  and  reflected 
great  credit  on  General  Emil  Schaefer,  the  marshal,  and 
Colonel  A.  E.  Seifert,  the  deputy  marshal,  and  their 
efficient  aides.  The  organizations  were  unusually 
prompt  in  getting  to  their  meeting  place,  and  in  the 
majority  of  cases  fell  Into  line  as  they  had  been 
originally  assigned.  This  was  true  of  the  floats,  and 
the  spectators  were  enabled  to  follow  the  programme 
easily  and  enjoy  the  significance  of  the  great  pictures 
on  wheels. 

The  contingent  made  a  magnificent  showing,  and 
Judging  by  the  applause  and  exclamations  of  admira 
tion  heard  along  the  line,  one  might  consider  it  to  be 
the  backbone  of  the  procession.  The  floats  were  the 
mest  attractive  feature  of  the  parade,  and  were  prob 
ably  the  most  complete  and  picturesque  representations 
In  this  line  that  the  city  has  ever  seen.  Familiar 
designs  were  admirably  executed  and  novel  Ideas  were 
strikingly  carried  out.  Pretty  girls  and  handsome 
men  graced  the  floats,  and  their  quaint  and  beautiful 
costuming  won  admiration  everywhere. 

The  number  of  men  in  line  in  this  division  yesterday 
was  estimated  from  15,000  to  20,000.  The  division 
was  sub-divided  Into  three  sections,  which  compre 
hended  about  sixty  different  organizations  and  sixty 
floats,  many  of  which  carried  a  large  number  of  people. 
The  different  organizations  included  the  German- 
American  sharpshooters,  singing  societies,  athletic  so 
cieties,  war  veteran  associations,  bakers'  and  butchers' 
unions,  religious  societies  and  associations  of  other 
kinds.  The  different  bodies  were  appropriately  uni 
formed,  some  handsomely  and  picturesquely,  and  added 
a  quaint  feature  to  the  floats  by  marching  near  them. 
Cuirassiers,  hussars  and  the  soldier  in  tLe  regulation 


German  uniform  were  seen  everywhere  and  gave  the 
scene  the  strongest  possible  German  tinge.  The  con 
tingent  was  wafted  along  on  music,  for  it  had  as  many 
;  bands  as  it  was  possible  without  making  a  general 
musical  chaos. 

THE    MARSHAL   AND   HIS   STAFF. 

General  Emll  Schaefer,  the  grand  marhal,  rode 
at  the  head  of  the  Germ  an- American  Division.  Ha 
was  accompanied  by  Colonel  A.  E.  Seifert,  the  deputy 
marshal  and  chief  of  staff,  and  the  following  aides: 
John  Chattllon,  John  Gerken,  Joseph  Halk,  Colonel 
Otto  Heppenheimer,  Edward  S.  Hubbe,  George  Klnkel. 
Jr.,  William  H.  Klenke,  Louis  Maurer,  Carl  Merz,  R; 
Pasch,  Captain  U.  S.  Rasquin,  Captain  William  F. 
Rausch,  Charles  Rohe,  Jr.,  Julius  Rohe,  R.  J.  Schaefer*, 
Henry  W.  Schmidt,  C.  A,  Schultz,  Jr.,  Colonel  Andrew 
Stauf,  C.  C.  Weber,  John  W.  Weber.  Charles  C 
Clausen,  Jacob  Ruppert  and  Robert  Fleming.  The 
lloboken  and  Brooklyn  riding  clubs,  with  a  band 
of  fifty  pieces,  acted  as  general  escort.  The  long 
line  of  societies  and  floats  which  followed,  stretching 
up  Fifth-ave.  as  far  as  the  eye  could  reach,  was 
headed  by  the  German-American  Sharpshooters,  the 
first  of  which  was  the  Concordia  Schuetzen,  which 
turned  out  350  strong.  They  were  followed  by  the 
German-American  Schuetzen  Corps,  with  1,300  mem 
bers,  one  of  the  largest  bodies  in  the  procession.  The 
Harlem  Independent  Schuetzen,  consisting  of  100 
men;  the  Germania  Schuetzenbund,  with  700  men,  In 
command  of  Jacob  Schweider;  the  Brooklyn  Inde 
pendent  Schuetzen  Corps,  with  70  men ;  the  Brooklyn 
Schuetzen  Club,  with  70  inon;  the  Brooklyn  Sharp 
shooters,  with  60  men;  the  German- American 
Schuetzenbund,  with  500  men,  under  Charles  Zimmer 
man,  and  the  First  Hungarian  Schuetzenbund,  200 
men,  commanded  by  Major  Philippe  Freund,  followed 
in  the  order  named. 

The  next  sub-division  was  made  up  of  the  singing 
societies,  preceded  by  a  band  of  twenty  piece-,,  with 
the  marshal  and  his  aides.  They  marched  as  follows  : 
The  Schillerbund,  250  men;  Gesangverein  Oosterreich, 
50  members,  in  charge  of  President  W.  Wannermeyer; 
Gesangverein  Cordalia.  commanded  by  J.  Hirden,  75 
members ;  Gesangverein  Gormania,  50  members,  under 
W.  Peterson ;  Gesangverein  Mozart,  250  members 
under  C.  F.  Schultz,  and  Gesanprvcrein  Orlando,  40 
men,  commanded  by  Christian  Belsler. 

MEN  OF  BRAWN   AND  MUSCLE. 

The  next  sub-division  vras  the  New- York  Turn-Beziri 

or  athletic  association,  commanded  by  H.  Metzner.  The 

men  marched  In  the  following  order:  New- York  Turn- 

Verein,  C.  F.  Zenker,  first  speaker;  Central  Turn-Verein, 

Charles  J.  Nehrbas,  first  speaker;  Harlem  Turn-Verein, 

Conrad   Langenstefn.    first  speaker:    New- York   Turn- 

|  Vereln,  Bloomingdale,  P.  M.  Schlechter,  first  speaker; 

I  Melrose   Turn-Verein,   Otto   Ebel,    delegate ;    German- 

i  American  Turn-Verein,  N.  Y.  H.  Schultz,  delegate ;  So- 

I  clal-Democratischer-Turn-Vereln,     William     Hickstein. 

j  delegate ;  Brooklyn  Turn-Verein,  C.  A.  Lang,  delegate ; 

New-Brooklyn   Turn-Gemelnde,    H.    Supper,   delegate ; 

i  Staten    Island    Turn-Verein,    G.    Stegmeier,    delegate; 

Carlstadt     Turn-Verein,     Peter     Albertlne,     delegate ; 

Yonkers  Turn-Veirein,  C.  Egloffstein,  delegate. 

The  third  sub-division  was  composed  of  singing 
societies  as  follows :  New- York  Maennerchor.  200  men, 
under  L.  Deutschberger;  Harlem  Maennerchor.  40  men, 
under  Max  E.  Tiesler ;  Schwaebischer-Saenger-Bund,  60 
men,  C.  Werner  commanding;  Allemanla  Maenner- 
ohor,  25  men,  under  Louis  Klinksink ;  Loreley  Singing 
Society,  50  men,  under  William  Mayer. 

The  fourth  sub-division  consisted  of  the  German  War 
Veterans,  with  an  escort  of  twenty-four  mounted  mem 
bers,  the  thousand  men  in  line  being  commanded  by 
Ernest  Kirsteln. 

The  fifth  sub-division  was  the  Retail  Grocers'  Union 
with  an  escort  of  fifty  mounted  men.  There  were 
1,000  members  of  the  union  In  line  under  H.  Gold- 
berger. 

The  sixth  sub-division,  the  Pianomakers,  escorted 
by  twelve  mounted  men,  made  a  body  of  over  1,000 
men. 

HOW  THEIR   FLOATS  LOOKED. 
The  floats  constituted  the  second  division.     "  Immi 
grants  One  Hundred  Years  Ago"  was  the  title  of  the 
first  float.     This  represented  the  model  of  a  Dutch  ship 
fully  equipped  and  ready  to  sail.     A  group  of  immi. 


84 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


grants  stood  on  a  pier  waiting  to  go  on  board.  Their 
historical  costumes  attracted  much  attention. 

Floats  Nos.  2  and  3  represented  "  Farmer  Pioneers," 
Immigrants  with  their  trunks,  bales  and  bundles, 
farming  tools,  shotguns,  bags  of  grain  and  seed,  and 
everything  portable  that  could  he  taken  from  the 
old  home.  Live  cattle  and  the  faithful  watch-dog 
were  also  placed  on  the  float.  The  prairie,  schooner 
followed  this,  containing  the  "  women  folks"  and 
children. 

The  "  Quakers,"  float  No.  4,  represented  a  block 
house,  the  weathercock  on  one  gable  end  and  the  dove 
cote  on  the  other.  The  mother  of  the  family  sat  at 
the  porch  teaching  her  pretty  girls  how  to  spin.  The 
stocks,  too,  figured  in  this  scene,  illustrating  how  the 
Quakers  had  been  persecuted  In  the  old  country. 
Governor  Jacob  Elsler  admonishing  and  exhorting  a 
group  of  his  countrymen  was  the  central  figure. 

Float  No.  5  exhibited  a  model  of  a  house  on  WSshing- 
ton  Heights,  where  Washington  made  his  headquarters. 
The  shrubbery  and  trees  on  the  float  were  taken  from 
the  neighborhood  of  the  house.  Riding  horses  of  aides 
held  by  sentinels  animated  the  scene. 

The  carriage  used  by  Washington  100  years  ago 
came  next.  It  is  a  large,  white  conveyance,  and  in 
It  were  seen  wax  figures  of  George  and  Martha  Wash 
ington.  The  coach  was  driven  by  a  coachman  in 
Continental  dress  and  escorted  by  200  Continentals, 
who  made  a  good  showing. 

On  float  No.  7  were  seen  Generals  Steuben  and  Do- 
Kalb  engaged  in  council  of  war.  Sentinels  kept 
guard  before  the  door  of  the  tent.  Herkimer  and 
Muhlenberg  formed  a  separate  group. 

The  Goddess  of  Liberty  was  the  central  figure  in 
float  No  8,  representing  "  The  Emigrants  of  1848." 
She  was  mounted  on  a  pedestal  surrounded  by  al 
legorical  figures  representing  "Free  Speech."  "Free 
Press,"  and  "  Free  Religious  Exercises."  Following 
this  was  a  float  carrying  a  colossal  bust  of  Lincoln, 
draped  with  the  battle  flags  of  the  German  regiments 
of  the  Civil  War.  The  float  was  escorted  by  the 
veterans  of  the  3d  Cavalry  Regiment,  Bavarian 
Schuetzen  Company,  Brooklyn,  and  the  German 
Landwehr-Vereln. 

Float  No.  10  was  called  "Immigrants  of  the 
Present  Time,"  and  represented  the  bridge  of  an 
ocean  steamer,  the  captain  and  crew  superintending 
the  landing  of  immigrants,  also  picturing  Custom 
House  officials,  etc.,  on  the  wharf. 

PRINTING    PROGRAMMES    BY   THE    WAT. 

The  next  two  floats,  "  The  Press  and  Public  Opinion," 
Illustrated  the  press  and  methods  of  printing  one- 
hundred  years  ago  and  also  of  to-day.  An  old 
Washington  hand-press  was  running  on  one  float; 
an  editorial  sanctum  and  compositors'  room  were 
represented  on  the  other.  A  modern  press  was  run  by 
electricity,  and  threw  out  programmes  of  the  German 
contingent.  "  Minerva,"  "  Puck,"  and  "  Public  Opinion" 
were  represented.  The  float  was  dedicated  to  some 
of  the  New- York  papers  by  its  projector,  Hermann 
Bartsch. 

"  Arion,  the  Patron  Saint  of  Singing  Societies,"  float 
No.  13,  was  a  happy  representation  of  Arion's  tri 
umphal  ride  upon  the  dolphin's  back.  Arlon  was  sur 
rounded  by  Tritons  and  escorted  by  the  muses  of 
Song,  Music,  Dance,  Poetry  and  Fiction.  Comus,  the 
god  of  fun,  was  there,  and  the  chariot  was  fitted  out 
with  great  taste.  A  cohort  of  Greek  soldiers  on  horse 
back,  and  standard  bearers,  preceded  the  members  of 
the  Arion  Society  ,Richard  Katzenmayer  president. 

"  Melpomene,"  float  No.  14,  showed  Emperor  Fred- 
crick  1,  Mary  Stuart,  Nathan  and  Sultan  Saladin, 
Flesco  and  Hassan,  Faust  and  Count  Maximilian,  in 
various  scenes.  Crusaders,  pilgrims,  knights  and 
squires  escorted  tho  float. 

"  Allomanla,"  float  No.  16,  the  patroness  of  one 
of  the  oldest  local  singing  societies,  was  the  central 
figure  in  this  float.  A  rural  rehearsal  showing  a 
newly  married  couple  serenaded  by  tho  village  came 
next,  and  was  followed  by  a  picture  of  a  "  Suavlan 
Harvest  Home,"  which  revealed  four  charming  girls 
representing  the  seasons.  The  Kreutzer  Quartet 
Club  escorted  a  float  carrying  a  bust  of  Conradin 
Kreutzer,  and  then  came  the  "  Scheutzenkoenig."  a 
float  which  described  the  history  of  sharp-shooters' 
associations,  their  tendencies  and  social  relations.  This 
was  designed  and  escorted  by  the  New- York  Scheutzen- 
bund  No.  1. 

BACCHUS  IN  GAT  COMPANT. 

"  Bacchus"  was  on  float  No.  20  and  reclined  under  a 
grape  arbor  draped  with  wreaths,  garlands,  bunting 
and  appropriate  emblems,  attended  by  a  Bacchante,  a 


pretty  young  woman.  In  the  rear,  grouped  around  a 
large  statue,  were  three  female  figures  in  national 
colors  representing  French,  German  and  Hungarian 
wines.  The  crowd  looked  long  after  these  comely 
young  women. 

"  Prince  Carnival,"  on  float  No.  21,  sat  on  a  throne 
of  a  champagne  bottle.  The  Prince,  a  handsome 
young  man,  presided  over  a  dancing  floor  bounded  by 
festival  emblems  and  decorated  with  flags,  comical 
faces,  musical  instruments  and  lamps.  A  crowd  of 
clowns  and  jesters  on  the  float  made  fun  for  the 
crowd. 

Some  pretty  little  girls  were  seen  on  the  "  Kinder 
garten"  float,  No.  22,  grouped  before  a  representation 
of  a  monument  to  Froebel,  erected  in  Thuringia.  The 
girls  basted  and  braided.  The  monument  was  con 
structed  of  a  cube,  cylinder  and  a  ball. 

"  Christmas"  came  along,  out  of  season,  but  wel 
come,  on  float  No.  23.  The  scene  showed  a  farm  house 
covered  with  snow.  Santa  Claus  was  seen  just 
emerging  from  the  chimney,  while  in  the  house  were 
the  children  and  parents  having  a  good  time  with  the 
presents.  "Fairy  Tales,"  a  pretty  fancy,  came  next, 
and  the  crowd  admired  the  pretty  girls  who  took  part 
in  it. 

A  tableau  on  float  No.  25  illustrated  the  Influence 
of   the   principles   and    tendencies   of   the   Turner   so 
cieties.     It  showed  the  monument  of  "  Father"  Jahn, 
the  founder  of  the  Turner  schools  and  clubs,  as  It  Is 
,   erected   at  Berlin.     "  Minerva,"   representing  "  armed 
science,"  and  the  "  Goddess  of  Victory,"  Indicating  the 
i    triumph    of    the    Turners'    principles,    were   seen.      A 
i   school  scene  showed  how  the  principles  are  fostered. 
Veterans    of    the    Turner    Regiment,    New-York    20th 
Regiment,    reminded   the   spectators    of   the    part   the 
I   Turners  played  In  the  Civil  War.     The  athletic  power 
i   of    former    ages    was    illustrated    by    four    figures,    a 
I  Teutonic  giant,  a  Greek  warrior,  a  Roman  gladiator  and 
a  knight  in  full  uniform.      The  float  was  escorted  by  a 
•   detachment  of  Turners  in  blue  blouses,  the  veterans 
j  of  the  Turner  Regiment  and  the  Turner  Cadets. 

OLD  SOME,  REPRESENTED 
"The  Conquerors  of  the  Roman  Legion,"  float  No. 

!  26,  exhibited  a  representation  of  the  Armlnlus  monu 
ment  In  the  Teutoburg  forest.  Old  Teutons,  gigantic 
frames  clad  in  hides,  gathering  spoils  of  their  victory 
over  the  Romans,  were  observed.  The  group  was  es 
corted  by  fifty  men  in  old  German  costume,  twenty  of 

!  whom    were    mounted. 

Low  German  poetry  was  represented  by  float  No. 

I  27,  which  carried  the  bust  of  Fritz  Router,  the  most 

I  popular  writer  in  the  Low  German  dialect.  Popular 
characters  of  his  poems  were  represented,  ana  the 

!    float  was  escorted  by  twenty  peasants  and  overseers. 
Civil  engineering  was  exemplified  by  Vulcan  work- 

!  ing  on  a  gigantic  anvil,  the  representation  of  Archi 
tecture  in  the  shape  of  a  female  figure  holding  a  model, 
kptparatus,  and  an  allegoric  figure  standing  for 
Chemistry.  On  the  next  float  came  a  figure  of 
Alexander  Von  Humboldt,  surrounded  by  his  books, 
while  the  background  showed  the  Andes  and  Niagara 
Falls.  An  allegoric  figure  of  Science  occupied  the 
front  of  the  float  surrounded  by  Indians. 

The  chariot  of  the  German  Liederkranz  was  a 
realization  of  the  society's  name,  "  Wreath  of  Songs." 
The  chariot  showed  a  castle,  at  the  ascent  of  which 
students  were  singing.  Below  In  a  boat  on  the 
Rhine  a  minstrel  was  playing  upon  his  lyre.  Above 
a  piqturesque  rock  was  tho  weird  maiden  "  Lorelei" 
charmingly  set  off  by  an  immense  wreath 
of  roses  interwoven  with  ribbons  bear- 
ing  the  titles  and  names  of  the  most 
popular  songs  and  composers.  The  chariot  was  es 
corted  by  the  members  of  the  society  uniformly  dressed 
with  red,  white  and  blue  sashes  and  gray  felt  hats, 
and  carrying  canes.  Thirty  mounted  men,  two 
standard  and  three  color  bearers ,  a  color  guard  of 
thirty  men  and  a  band  of  forty  pieces  preceded  the 
ohariot. 

SACKED     MUSIC    TYPIFIED. 

Sacred  music  was  prettily  typified  by  a  young 
woman  representing  Saint  Cecilia,  sitting  under  a 
canopy  decorated  with  lyres,  with  figures  of  priests 
and  acolytes  on  the  scene. 

A  pretty  girl  personated  "Flora"  In  the  float  rep 
resenting  Horticulture.  Fresco- Pain  ting,  Smith-Craft 
and  the  Gliders'  Trade  were  good  shows. 

One  of  the  best  features  of  the  parade  was  the 
tableaus  demonstrating  the  development  of  the  manu- 
fa^ture  of  pianos.  The  float  was  dedicated  by  some 
thirty  manufacturers  of  this  city. 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


85 


Float  No.  33  was  "Symphonic  Music."  Around 
a  column  bearing  Beethoven's  bust  were  grouped 
allegorical  figures  representing  the  operas,  sym 
phonies,  sonatas  and  other  works  of  the  noted  com 
poser.  Boys  with  Instruments  were  In  attendance 
and  pages  In  old  German  costumes  led  the  horses. 
A  guard  of  twenty  men  In  the  garb  of  German  stu 
dents  acted  as  escort. 

The  floats  of  the  "  Brewing  Industry"  at 
tracted  much  attention.  They  were  five 
In  number,  exhibiting  the  growing  of 
hops  and  barley,  the  preparation  of  malt,  the 
old  and  new  method  of  brewing  beer  and  the  chariot 
of  King  Gambrlnus.  In  front  of  a  cask  of  Immense 
dimensions  was  erected  the  throne  of  Ills  Majesty.  The 
crown  on  the  cask  Indicated  his  royal  rank,  and  scores 
of  couriers  and  pages  did  him  honor.  Gold  and 
silver  drinking  vessels  formed  the  balustrade  of  the 
staircase  which  led  to  his  throne.  . 

This  was  followed  by  "The  Bakery,"  a  series  of 
three  floats,  the  first  of  which  was  a  bakery  In  full 
operation.  The  second  of  the  series  represented 
a  storage  room  with  flour  barrels  and  other  ma 
terials,  while  the  third  Introduced  the  shop,  where 
ai-etty  maidens  waited  behind  the  well-stocked 
cona;«rs. 

A  pedestal  built  of  rocks  and  crystal  supporting 
the  allegoric  figure  of  a  spring,  above  which  was  a 
highly  ornamented  syphon,  from  which  sparkling 
water  fell  Into  a  large  shell  bekrr,  was  float  No.  44, 
representing  "Artificial  Mineral  Were/  pyramids 
of  sypnons  ornamented  either  end  of  the  float 

THE    AGE    OF   STEAM. 

Float  No.  45  was  entitled  "Steam  Engineering," 
and  exhibited  a  ten-horse-power  locomotive  around 
which  mechanics  and  firemen  were  at  work. 

"  Rhine  Wine"  was  float  No.  46,  the  nex£  In  the  line 
of  procession.  On  a  high  mounatin  sat  "Father 
Rhine,"  with  his  favorite  daughter,"  Moselle,"  near  him. 
In  picturesque  groups  farther  below,  were  "  Neckar" 
and  "Aar."  In  the  valley,  a  vineyard  with  wine 
stocks  and  grape  arbors  where  the  harvest  was  In 
progress  was  to  be  seen.  Farther  on  was  a  cellar 
under  the  rock  where  the  process  of  filling  and  tapping 
the  kegs  was  In  full  progress. 

The  '•  German  Opera"  was  a  broad  subject  for  a 
float  It  was  admirably  represented,  however.  The 
principal  characters  of  some  of  the  most  popular 
operas  by  Mozart,  Weber  and  Beethoven  were  grouped 
on  the  chariot  Don  Juan,  Donna  Anna.  Elvira,  Le- 
porello,  Agathe,  Max,  Samuel,  Leonora  and  Pocco  were 
seated  below  a  representation  of  Dame  Music. 

One  of  the  finest  floats  in  the  procession,  and  one  in 
which  the  people  of  New- York  were  greatly  Interested, 
was  that  of  the  "  Wagner  Opera."  A  rock,  on  the  top 
of  which  glittered  the  Rhinegold  guarded  by  three 
Rhine  nymphs,  as  In  the  first  act  of  "  Rheingold,"  rose 
from  the  centre.  The  bust  of  the  famous  maestro 
towered  above  the  rock.  To  the  right  were  Wotan  and 
Brunhilde,  and  to  the  left.  Hans  Sachs  and  Eric  In 
beautiful  representations.  In  the  front  stood  Venus 
and  Tannhauser,  and  at  the  back  in  a  cave,  Fafner 
the  dragon,  near  whom  Siegfried  was  forging  his 
sword,  "Nothung."  Lohengrin  and  Elsa  completed  the 

MORE  PRACTICAL  SUBJECTS. 

No.  53  was  the  "Art  of  Cooking,"  showing  the 
culinary  advance  In  America  since  Its  discovery. 
In  the  front  part  of  the  wagon  was  a  group  of  In 
dians  gathered  about  an  old  kettle,  while  the  rest  of 
the  wagon  was  taken  up  with  a  modern  kitchen,  with 
all  Its  improvements  and  appliances.  The  contrast 
was  striking. 

The  n^xt  float,  "  The  Butcher  Trade,"  escorted  by 
over  500  men.  carried  a  large  bull  and  heifer  with 
blocks  by  which  butchers  In  red  shirts  and  white 
aprons  stood  ready  to  carve  beef  according  to  order. 
Flowers  were  strewn  about  In  profusion. 

The    float,    "  Provisions,"    which    followed    was    de- 
vised  as  a  vindication  of  the  American   hog,   bearing  ] 
the  Inscription:  "It  shall  go  to  Germany  j-st."      The  : 
principal  figure,   a  silver  pig,   was   surrounded   by   a 
group  of  butchers  In  the  historic  costume  of  the  old 
butchers'    guild,    a  red   jacket,   white  and  red-striped  i 
shirt,   black  velvet  kneebrecches   and    gray   stockings. 

The  neat  float,  "Agricultural  Implements,"  showed 
the  advance  In  that  line  of  Industry.  The  scythe  and 
sickle  of  the  old-time  farmer  were  exhibited  alongside 
of  the  reaper  and  mower  of  to-day. 


An  Interesting  float  was  No.  57,  "  The  Shoe  Trade." 
A  representation  of  the  shop  of  Hans  Sachs,  the  shoe- 
malu-r-poet  of  Nuiemborg,  with  the  little  window  and 
old-fashioned  shoes,  was  the  principal  attraction. 
The  stylish  and  well-made  shoes  of  the  present  day 
acted  as  decorations. 

The  Interesting  float  of  the  "  Furniture  Trade  "  with 
the  complete  store  containing  furniture  of  every  de 
scription,  was  followed  by  that  of  the  "  Basket-MaKers." 
It  consisted  of  a  temple  on  columns,  woven  of  twigs 
and  crowned  by  an  eagle.  A  basket  hung  from  the 
temple,  around  which  were  fanciful  "  koibs"  of  all 
kinds. 

COLUMBIA   AND   GEKMANTA. 
The  second  division  was  ended  by  the  float  "  Colum 
bia  and  Germania."      From  her  lofty  seat,  surmounted 
;   by  the  Washington  Monument,  arose  Columbia  to  t%- 
I  celve  with   outstretched   hands   Germania.     Germania 
'  was  followed  by  representations  of  the  various  tribes 
of    the    German    Nation    in    their    characteristic    and 
picturesque  costumes,  embracing  those  from   the  Ba- 
I   varlan  Alps  and  Tyrol  to  the  Isle  of  Ruegen,  from  the 
I   Oder  to  the  Rhine. 

OFFICEBS    OF   THE   THIRD   DIVISION. 
The   Third   Division,    with   the   Chief  Marshal   and 
his  aides,  was  escorted  by  the  Nineteenth  Ward  Cavalry 
under  the  command  of  Captain  Peter  Busch.      They 
marched  fn  the  following  order: 

ITlrst    sub-division— New-York    Sharpshooters     with 

12  mounted  men  and  200  men  In  line  under  A.  Becker. 

Second  sub-division  :   Plattdeutscher  Volksfest  Verein 

consisting  of  95  societies,  in  command  of  Chief  Mar- 

I  Bhal  John  Rlefe,  and  his  aides,  Colonel  Anton  Meyer, 

!  Captain  George  Landwehr,  C.  Rehm,  Henry  Fischer, 
Theodore  Brandenburg,  H.  Broyer,  H.  Vogeley,  P. 
V.  Frankenberg  and  Hermann  Hahnenfeld. 

Third  sub-division— Singing  Societies  Including 
Eichenkranz  with  10O  members ;  Saengeminde,  70 
member's ;  Rheinischer  Saengerband,  50  members ; 
Theodore  Koerner  Ledertafel,  80  members;  Concordia 
Maennerchor,  50  members ;  and  Concordia  Quartet,  30 
members. 

Fourth      °ub-dlvision— Deutscher      order      Harugarl 

!  under  Grand  Master  Adam  Metzger,  Deputy  Grand 
Master  H.  Mueller,  Grand  Warden  F.  Slbus  and  Grand 
Secretary  Charles  Laufus.  It  included  Arminia  Lodge, 
No.  1 ;  Central  Park  Lodge,  No.  2  :  Allemanla  Lodge,  No. 
4;  Wilhelm  Tell  Lodge  No.  5;  Walhalla  Lodge  No. 

i  G ;  Washington  Lodge,  No.  7 ;  Deutsche  Eiche  Lodgw, 
No.  14;  Niebelungen  Lodge,  No.  15;  Sokrates  Lodge, 
No.  17 ;  Venus  Lodge  No.  25 ;  New- York  Lodge  No. 
28 ;  Odin  Lodge  No.  81 ;  Kings  County  Lodge  No.  86 ; 

,  Fortuna   Lodge   No.    102;    Marleott   Lodge   No.    145; 

1  Deutsche  Bundes  Lodge  No.  146 ;  Brooklyn  Lodge  No. 

i  162;  Koerner  Lodge  No.  171;  Frei  Munner  Lodge  No. 
193 ;  Concordia  Lodge  No.  232 ;  Herkules  Lodge  No. 
234;  Deutsche  Reich,s  No.  250.  J.  Becker.  West- 
Chester  County  Lodge  No.  251;  Rosenthal  Lodge  No. 
257 ;  Columbus  Lodge  No.  260 ;  Jefferson  Lodge  No. 
268;  Knickerbocker  Lodge  No.  280;  Ida  Lodge  No. 

I  281;    Keppler    Lodge    No.    294;    Holsatio   Lodge    No. 

1  297 ;  Guttenberg  Lodge  No.  327 ;  Feuerbach  Lodge  No. 
363 ;  Centennial  Lodge  No.  393 :  Shakespeare  Lodge 
No.  414;  Peter  Cooper  Lodge  No.  491 ;  Progress  Lodge 
No.  503 ;  Morrisania  Lodge  No.  505 ;  Harmonie  Lodge 
No.  543 ;  Beethoven  Lodge  No.  547. 

Fifth  sub-division— Singing  Societies  and  Turners, 
including  Harmonia,  100  members;  South  Brooklyn 
Gesang  Verein  Harmonia,  50  members;  South  Brook 
lyn  Gesang  Verein  Saengerfust,  40  members;  South 
Brooklyn  Turn  Verein,  150  members. 

Sixth  sub-division— Hessischer  Volksfest  Verein,  with 
400  members,  commanded  by  Frank  J.  Fuchs. 

Seventh  sub-division— Sueddeutscher  Soldatenbund, 
with  56  members,  under  Frederick  Rohrs. 

Eighth  sub-division— German  Catholic  societies  under 
command  of  Conrad  Strassburger,  with  an  escort  of 
30  mounted  men. 

The  following  churches  were  reprpsented :  St. 
Alpheus  Church.  St.  Nicholas  Church,  Church  of  the 
Most  Holy  Redeemer,  Church  of  Our  Lady  of  Sorrows, 
St.  Mary  Magdalen  Church,  St.  John's  Church,  St. 
Francis's  Church,  St.  Boniface's  Church,  Church  of  the 
Assumption  and  St.  Joseph's  Ch""ch. 

Ninth  sub-division— United  Sharpshooters  of  New- 
York  and  vicinity,  under  conwMind  of  Henry  Neus. 
This  division,  which  swelled  the  procession,  included 
the  following  societies:  Manhattan  Schuetzenbund,  80 
members;  New- York  Schuetzenguild,  50  members; 
Hungarian  Schuetzenbund,  40  members,  and  the 
Austrian  Jaeger-bund,  with  40  members. 


86 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


FEATURES   OF  THE  PAGEANT. 


VOLUNTEER  FIREMEN  TURN  OUT  STRONG. 


SIX     THOUSAND     OF     THEM     MARCH     PAST     THE 
PRESIDENT— THE    ORGANIZATIONS 

IN    LINE. 

A  fine  display  was  made  by  tho  firemen's  division, 
which  Included  companies  and  associations  represent 
ing  all  branches  of  foe  volunteer  fire  service.  The 
three  chief  organizations  of  the  old  New-York  Vol 
unteer  Fire  Department  were  each  well  represented, 
and  In  a  few  Instances  the  hearty  veterans  even 
drew  their  old  "  macheens,"  all  decked  out  In  flowers 
and  the  National  colors.  The  greater  number  of  the 
men  In  this  division,  however,  came  from  neighboring 
towns  and  cities,  and  most  of  those  who  marched 
are  still  In  active  service.  Altogether  from  4,500 
to  5,000  firemen  were  in  the  parade,  and  all  except 
two  or  three  companies  had.  bands  of  from  fifteen  to 
fifty  pieces  with  them.  The  total  number  of  men 
In  the  division,  therefore,  could  not  have  been  less 
than  6,000,  and  in  their  striking  uniforms  they  pre 
sented  an  Interesting  spectacle.  The  most  notable 
thing  about  the  division,  however,  from  a  centennial 
standpoint,  was  the  presence  of  Friendship  Engine 
Company  of  Alexandria,  Va.,  of  which  George 
Washington  was  a  member.  This  company  was  or 
ganized  In  1774,  and  Washington  joined  it  in  1776. 
He  afterward  presented  an  engine  to  the  company, 
and  the  old  pipe,  or  nozzle,  of  hammered  copper,  was 
carried  in  the  parade  yesterday.  Two  of  the  sub 
stantial  leather  buckets  that  hung  under  the  engine 
also  date  from  the  same  period,  although  the  engine 
itseE  is  of  more  modern  date. 

NINE  SUB-iDI VI SIGNS  IN  LINE. 
The  firemen's  division  was  under  the  command 
of  Jaones  F.  Wenman,  treasurer  of  the  Veteran  Fire 
men's  Association,  with  Michael  Elchels  and  John  B. 
Miller  as  special  aides.  There  were  altogether  nine 
sub-divisions,  with  the  following  men  in  command: 
John  Decker,  Ellsha  Kingsland,  Thomas  Cleary, 
Robert  McGinnis,  O.  H.  Perry,  Peter  Fagan,  W.  II. 
Furey,  J.  T.  Savage  and  Albert  E.  Smith.  The  right 
of  line  was  held  by  the  old  Exempt  Firemen's  Asso 
ciation  of  New- York,  which  had.  200  members  present 
in  black  frock  coats  and  silk  hats.  James  Y. 
Watkins  was  their  marshal,  arid  their  president,  Emi 
gration  Commissioner  Stephenson,  was  also  in  line. 
Following  the  Exempts  came  some  600  of  the  mem 
bers  of  the  Volunteer  Firemen's  Association  of  the 
city  of  New- York,  in  their  familiar  red  shirts,  the 
officers  and  more  aged  members  being  privileged  also 
to  wear  long  dark  blue  coats.  Michael  Crane  was  in 
command,  rejoicing  In  a  handsome  bright  gold  medal 
which  had  been  presented  to  him  in  commemoration 
of  the  occasion  just  before  starting  out.  Daniel 
Quinn,  Bradford  Howard,  and.  John  J.  Tyndale  were 
his  aides,  and  a  host  of  officers  and  ex-oilicers  of 
visiting  companies  marched  with  them. 

HARRY  HOWARD  AT  THEIR  HEAD. 
About  200  members  of  the  Veteran  Firemen's  Asso 
ciation  of  the  city  of  New-York  headed  the  second  sub 
division,  with  Harry  Howard,  the  famous  old  chief, 
marching  at  their  head.  They  wore  the  handsome  drab 
uniforms  in  which  they  made  their  trip  across  tho  conti 
nent  two  years  ago ;  they  won  a  great  deal  of  applause. 
George  Anderson  had  command,  with  Abraham  Hull 
and  Joseph  F.  McGlll  as  aides.  The  Volunteer  Vete 
ran  Firemen's  Association  of  Philadelphia  came  next, 


with    eighty-five    men    clad    In    long    gray    coats,    all 

under  the  command  of  Frank  Harrison.     Then  came 

sixty  men  from   the  Cornell  Hose  Company    of  Ron- 

dout,  under  Archibald  Winter,  and  after  them  Wash- 

!   Ington's  company,  the  Friendship  Engine  Company,  of 

!   Alexandria,  Va.    They  mustered  sixty-nine  men,  under 

i   command  of  James  F.  Webster,  chief  of  the  Alexandria 

police   force.     The   Veteran   Volunteer  Firemen's   As- 

!   sociatlon  of  Brooklyn  followed,  125  strong,  under  the 

command  of  J.  H.  Bergen.    The  Brooklyn  men  brought 

up  the  rear  of  the  second  sub-division,  as  the  Hudson 

|    Engine  Company   of  Bayoiine,  which  had  been  assigned 

;    to   that   place,   did   not   arrive   in   time   to    take    their 

proper    position.     The    latter    company    was    delayed 

!   because   of   the   Inability    of   the   Central   Railroad   of 

|   New-Jersey    to   land   their   steam-engine   for   an   hour 

|  and  a  half,  owing  to  the  crowds  at  the  depot.     They 

finally  arrived,  however,  and  took  a  position  further 

i  down  the  column,  as  did  also  the  U.  S.   Grant  Hose 

Company,    of    the    Ninth    Ward.      Both,    organizations 

presented  a  handsome  appearance. 

MARCHING  TWO  COMPANIES  ABREAST. 
Beginning  with  the  third  sub-division,  the  firemen 
doubled  up  to  economize  space,  and  all  except  the 
largest  organizations  marched  two  companies  abreast. 
The  third  sub-division  consisted  of  the  following 
companies :  Washington  Engine  Company,  No.  .20. 
New- York  City,  100  men,  under  its  old  foreman, 
Jeremiah  Kenneiick;  Clinton  Engine  Company,  No. 
41,  New- York,  110  men,  under  William  Hennessy ; 
Protection  Engine  Company.  No.  2,  of  Long  Island 
City,  forty-five  men,  George  Koch,  foreman ;  Hibernla 
Engine  Company,  No.  5,  of  Elizabethport,  N.  J.,  sev 
enty  men,  C.  T.  Ragen  foreman;  Astoria  Hook  and 
Ladder  Company,  twenty  men,  D.  W.  Thompson  fore 
man;  Wyandotte  Hook  and  Ladder  Company,  twenty 
men,  Jacob  Reid  foreman;  Tiger  Hose  Company,  of 
Long  island  City,  thirty  men,  A.  McDonnell  foreman; 
Neptune  Engine  Company,  No.  6,  Tompkinsville,  forty 
men,  John  Cornell  foreman. 

The  fourth  sub-division  led  off  with  the  Lafayette 
Engine  Company,  No.  19,  of  New-York,  which  was 
organized  in  1792.  It  had  forty-five  men  in  line, 
under  command  of  James  G.  Brlnkman.  In  this  di 
vision  also  were  the  Port  Richmond  Engine  Company, 
No.  3  fifty  men,  E.  W.  Foster  foreman ;  Stelnway 
Hose  Company,  of  Long  Island  City,  forty-five  men, 
Frederick  Erbe  foreman ;  Council  No.  81,  Order  of 
American  Firemen,  Jersey  City,  100  men,  Robert 
Qulnlan  president,  and  Exempt  Firemen's  Association, 
Long  Island  City,  150  men,  James  G.  Greer  president. 

MANT  FIREMEN  FROM  OUT  OF  TOWN. 
The  other  sub-divisions  all  marched  in  close  order, 
not  attempting  to  preserve  any  fixed  Intervals.  They 
Included  the  following  organizations:  Wandowannock 
Hose  and  Hook  and  Ladder  Company,  Newtown,  L.  I., 
slxty.five  men,  John  E.  Lehner,  foreman;  Mazeppa 
Hose  Company,  No.  42,  New- York,  fifty  men.  George 
F.  Haller,  foreman ;  Oceanic  Hose  Company,  Far  Rock- 
away,  thirty-five  men,  H.  B.  Jackson,  foreman;  White- 
stone  Engine  Company,  thirty  men,  H.  C.  Buncke. 
foreman  ;  Meadow  Engine  Company,  No.  3,  Hoboken, 
sixty  men,  Charles  Palmer,  foreman ;  Empire  Hook  and 
Ladder  Company,  No.  2,  Hoboken,  seventy-five  men, 
Robert  E.  Layburn,  foreman ;  Brooklyn  Volunteer  Fire 
men's  Association,  600  men,  Judge  John  Courtney  In 
command ;  Independence  Engine  Company,  Philadel 
phia,  thirty  men.  John  H.  Fleming,  foreman  :  Exempt 
Firemen's  Association  of  Brooklyn,  E.  D..  200  men; 
Judge  Moses  Engle.  marshal;  Friendship  Enslno  Com 
pany,  No.  1,  Sheepshead  Bay.  seventy  ni3n,  Henry  Os- 
borno,  foreman  ;  Atlantic  Hose  and  Hook  and  Ladder 
Company  of  Gravesend,  100  men,  William  Vanderveer, 
foreman';  Flatbush  Fire  Depai'tment,  200  men,  under 
Chief  Thomas  M.  S.  Lott ;  New  Lots  Exempt  Firemen's 
Association,  150  men,  L.  L.  Hopp,  marshal;  Putnam 
Hose  Company,  No.  31,  New. York,  fifty  men  ;  Thomas 
Sullivan,  foreman ;  Protection  Engine  Company,  Fort 
Lee.  forty  men,  Charles  A.  Hunt,  foreman;  Seaside 
Hose  Company.  Rockaway  Beach,  thirty-five  men,  D. 
J.  Fello,  foreman;  Protection  Engine  Company  No.  5, 
Morrisanla.  eighty  men,  Peter  Geeks,  foreman;  Mont- 
blalr  Hose  Company,  twenty-five  men,  Philip 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


87 


Kellnr,  foreman ;  Storm  Engine  Company,  Birmingham, 
Connecticut,  forty  tnon,  under  Chief  John  J.  Leonard; 
Columbian  Hose  Company,  Peekskill,  sixty  men,  J.  W. 
Dwyer,  foreman;  Hopo  Hose  Company,  Philadelphia, 
forty-five  men,  Thomas  II.  Peto,  foreman  ;  Washington 
Engine  Company,  No.  2,  Peekskill,  forty  men,  James 
II.  Ilaight,  foreman;  Empire  Engine  Company,  No. 
2,  West  Hoboken,  seventy  men,  John  McCourt,  fore 
man  ;  American  Hook  and  Ladder  Company,  No. 
4,  West  Hoboken,  forty  men,  George  Fink,  foreman ; 
Columbia  Hose  Company,  Union,  N.  J.,  thirty-five 
men,  WTilliam  P.  Simpson,  foreman;  Hope  Engine 
Company,  Burlington,  N.  J.,  forty-five  men,  Hamilton 
H.  Gall,  foreman ;  Carlstadt  Fire  Department,  three 
companies,  forty  men.  Conrad  Strippel,  marshal; 
Washington  Chemical  Engine  Company,  Guttenberg, 
N.  J.,  thirty  men,  George  Roohrer,  foreman ;  Friend 
ship  Hook  and  Ladder  Company,  No.  3,  Blissvi'lle, 
L.  I.,  forty  men,  J.  J.  White,  foreman ;  Volunteer 
Firemen's  Sons,  New-York,  150  men,  W.  L.  Flack, 
president;  Volunteer  and  Exempt  Firemen's  Sons' 
Association  of  Brooklyn,  fifty  men,  J'ames  E.  Burns, 
marshal,  and  Volunteer,  Exempt  and  Veteran  Fire 
men's  Sons'  Association  of  New- York  City,  120  men, 
Thomas  Van  Blarcum,  president. 

RF.MCS  OF  OLD  VOLUNTEER  DAYS. 
Nearly  all  the  companies  had  their  engines  on  trucks 
with  them,  although  In  some  Instances  machines  of 
some  special  historic  Interest  were  substituted  for 
those  now  in  use  by  active  companies.  The  oldest 
engine  in  the  line  was  a  venerable  affair  drawn  by 
Washington  Engine  Company  of  Flatbush.  Another 
curious  relic  was  an  old-fashioned  steam  engine  be 
longing  to  Hope  Hose  Company,  of  Philadelphia. 
This  eneine  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  steam  fire 
engine  ever  exhibited  in  this  city,  being  brought  here 
In  1858.  It  Is  now  superannuated,  but  was  still  able 
to  give  a  hearty  whistling  salute  to  President  Harri 
son. 

HISTORICAL  INCIDENTS  PORTRAYED. 

ELABORATE  FLOATS  OTHER  THAN  THOSE  OF 
THE  GERMANS  AND  LABOR  UNIONS. 

There  were  many  elaborate  floats  In  the  parade 
besides  tliose  in  the  German  and  Labor  Union  divisions. 
"The  landing  from  the  Mayflower"  was  well  shown, 
and  was  one  of  the  leading  floats.  The  stern  faces  of 
the  Puritan  Fathers  were  set  and  solemn  as  they  affixed 
their  signatures  to  the  pledge  which  bound  them  to  all 
obligations  which  were  for  the  general  good.  Every 
State  In  New-England  was  shown  In  this  float,  and  the 
groups  comprised  Rhode  Island  and  the  Providence 
plantations,  the  settlement  of  Hartford  and  Connec 
ticut,  together  with  the  Merrlmac  River  settlements. 

The  Finns  and  Swedes  of  1627  were  represented  by 
the  Delaware  float.  They  were  pictured  as  offering 
presents  to  the  Indians  and  teaching  them  the  truths 
of  Christianity  and  the  arts  of  peace  and  commerce. 

The  arrival  of  Lord  Baltimore  was  the  main  scene 
on  the  float  representing  the  State  of  Maryland. 
The  Indians  were  gathered  around  in  wonder  at  the 
approach  of  the  white  settlers. 

The  ship  Welcome  brought  WTilliam  Penn  to 
America  in  1682.  This  scene  was  the  subject  of 
the  Philadelphia  float  Penn  is  shown  meeting  the 
Quakers  of  Chester,  who  had  arrived  fifteen  months 
before  and  had  already  laid  out  the  City  of  Philadel 
phia.  The  sight  of  Penn  putting  aside  the  "unsigned 
treaty  »  was  vividly  shown,  and  the  strange  look  on 
the  faces  of  the  savages  was  full  of  interest  and  in 
struction. 

Christmas  night  In  the  year  1776  was  shown  on 
another  float.  Washington  was  pictured  crossing 
the  Delaware,  his  right  hand  shading  his  eyes  as 
he  looked  across  the  seething  waters  which  seemed 
about  to  crush  his  frail  boats. 

The  barefooted  soldiers  shivering  around  the  fire  at 
V alley  Forge  in  January,  1778.  wus  the  second  part 
of  this  tableau.  The  majestic  figure  of  Washington 
was  seen  aiding  them  and  cheering  them  in  the  hour 


of  darkness  and  despair.  This  picture  also  showed 
Baron  Steubcn  being  presented  to  the  wife  of  the  hero 
of  the  Revolution. 

The  interior  of  the  House  of  Delegates  at  An 
napolis  was  shown  on  float  No.  13.  The  galleries 
tilled  with  women  and  the  walls  decked  with  flags  and 
emblems  of  the  war  gave  a  brilliant  color  to  a  re 
markable  scene. 

Fraunce's  Tavern,  the  scene  of  Washington's  fare 
well  to  his  officers,  was*  shown  in  a  design  on  an 
other  float.  Generals  Green,  Hamilton  and  Knox, 
together  with  Baron  Steuben  and.  Count  Lafayette 
were  in  the  foreground,  as  Washington  took  leave  of 
the  others. 

SCHOOLS  AND  COLLEGES     MAKE     A     FINE 
SHOW. 

THOUSANDS  OF  BOYS  WHO  DID  SOME  REMARK 
ABLY  GOOD  MARCHING. 

None  of  the  organizations  were  more  promptly 
on  hand  than  the  boys  in  the  Educational  Division. 
The  hour  was  not  too  early  for  them,  and  they  en 
tered  upon  the  parade  with  the  enthusiasm  of  sol 
diers.  The  battalions  were  formed  at  the  school* 
and  colleges  and  as  they  marched  Into  Fiftieth-sL 
from  all  directions  it  appeared  as  though  all  the 
schools  were  about  to  join  in  the  parade. 

Columbia  College  as  the  oldest  educational  organi 
zation  of  the  city,  formed  at  the  head  of  the  line 
east  of  Flfth-ave.,  in  Fiftleth-st.,  with  John  A, 
Dempsey  as  grand  marshal,  mounted,  and  J.  C.  Travis 
and  E  Smith  as  color-bearers.  The  detachment  was 
about  200  strong.  The  students  carried  the  college 
banner  and  their  class  colors.  There  was  a  detach 
ment  from  the  Medical  Department  of  Columbia,  and 
the  entire  battalion  wheeled  into  line  in  good  form. 
General  Alexander  P.  Ketchum  and  his  marshals  led 
the  Educational  Division. 

The  students  of  the  College  of  the  City  of  New- 
York,  who  followed  Columbia,  mustered  nearly  500 
strong.  The  boys  all  carried  canes  and  each  one 
wore  his  college  colors  in  a  lavender  sash  around  the 
waist  and  shoulders.  The  battalion  was  rich  in  flags. 
Besides  the  city  flags,  the  college  banner  and  their  class 
flags  the  students  displayed  for  the  first  time  a  beau 
tiful  silk  American  flag,  which  Lafayette  Post,  of  the 
Grand  Army,  presented  to  the  college  a  few  months  ago. 
A  fife  and  drum  corps  of  twenty  pieces  preceded  the 
students.  The  marshal  was  R.  Lyden,  president  of 
the  senior  class ;  his  aides  were  Solomon  Menkln 
and  William  S.  Wood. 

A  pretty  historical  tableau  was  formed  In  the  di 
vision  following  the  colleges,  representing  Washington 
and  his  generals.  Brooklyn  Public  School  No.  10 
had  this  place  in  the  line  as  an  escort  to  the  tableau. 
The  boys,  numbering  seventy-five,  were  commanded 
by  Major  F.  H.  Nichols,  with  Walter  Bayliss,  Frank 
McCormack  and  John  Adams  as  captains. 

The  public  school  battalions  came  next,  4,000 
strong.  The  several  battalions  gathered  in  three 
different  schools  and  marched  to  Fiftieth-st.,  forming 
west  of  Fifth-ave.,  and  stretching  through  to  Elghth- 
ave.  The  boys  marched  like  veterans.  "  Next  to  the 
reg'lars  themselves,"  said  a  gray-headed  veteran,  as 
he  watched  the  formation  of  the  Public  School  detach 
ments,  "  there's  been  no  better  discipline  in  the  Cen 
tennial  parade." 

The  sergeants  carried  the  National  colors,  and  the 
school  flags  which  were  presented  to  the  schools  last 
year  all  did  good  service.  The  Third  Battalion,  under 
Principal  Pettigrew,  carried  a  fine  flag  presented  by  the 
Ja,mes  Shield  Post  of  the  Grand  Army.  The  com 
panies,  each  numbering  forty-eight  boys,  came  from 
the  male  grammar  schools.  The  largest  schools  fur 
nished  two  companies  each,  and  the  smaller,  one  com 
pany.  There  were  eighty-four  companies,  and  each 
elected  its  captain  and  sergeants.  The  battalions, 
made  up  of  ten  or  twelve  companies  each,  were  di- 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


rected  by  school  principals  as  marshals.  The  prin 
cipals  were  John  D.  Robinson,  grand  marshal;  Hugh 
CPNeil,  Jacob  Boyle,  R.  H.  Pettigrew,  Lafayette  Olney, 
Matthew  Elgas,  David  E.  Gaddls,  Elijah  Rowland 
and  Jethro  Mosher.  A  guard  of  honor  at  the  head 
of  the  line  inclosed  In  a  hollow  square  the  grand 
marshal,  Mr.  Robinson,  J.  Edward  Simmons,  pres 
ident  of  the  .Board  of  Education,  Superintendent  John 
Jasper,  Assistant  Superintendent  Paul  Hoffman,  and 
the  public  school  banner.  Fife  and  drum  corps 
were  provided  for  each  battalion. 

The  children  of  the  Hebrew  Benevolent  and  Orphan 
Asylum,  numbering  150,  were  commanded  by  William 
D.  Brennen.  The  little  cadets  marched  finely.  They 
were  preceded  by  a  band  numbering  twenty-five 
pieces,  composed  of  children  of  the  same  Institution, 
under  charge  of  Martin  Thorne.  Their  bandmaster, 
who  Is  said  to  be  the  smallest  in  the  United  States, 
twisted  and  swung  his  stick  like  a  veteran,  and  was 
much  appauded.  They  were  followed  by  the  Columbia 
Institute  cadets,  numbering  forty,  under  command  of 
Colonel  C.  F.  Stone,  jr.  The  other  officers  were 
Major  F.  M.  Smedley,  Adjutant  H.  8.  Tenney,  Captain 
J.  W.  Larbaree  and  Captain  C.  M.  Lowber. 


IRISH-AMERICANS  OUT  IN  FORCE. 

THOUSANDS  OF  MEMBERS   OF  THEIR   SOCIETIES 

IN   LINE— WARMLY   CHEERED. 
The  Irish-American  organizations,  numbering  In  all 
About  15,000  men,  made  an  excellent  display.     The 
Irish-Americans    actually   in   line   exceeded   this   esti 
mate  ;  for  Instance,   the  Tammany   men,   under  com- 
tnand  of  General  John  Cochrane,  might  be  said  to  be 
composed  almost  exclusively  of  Irishmen  born  or  of 
Irish-Americans,    and    many   sons   of  the   Green   Isle  ' 
were  prominent  In  the  other  divisions,  their  identity,  | 
however,   being  merged  In  the   great  body   of  work-  ; 
ingmen  in  the  parade.     The  most  Important   of  the 
irish-Amerlcan   societies,   by    reason   of  its   organiza-  j 
tion  and  discipline,  was  the  Ancient  Order  of  Hiber-  j 
nlans,       4,000       strong,       led     by     the     handsome  ] 
and       stalwart       General       James       R.       O-'Beirne. 
These     men     are      well     drilled     in      street     parafd- 
ing.     They     followed     close     upon       the       German 
division,     and      tiheir     appearance     was     tbe     signal 
for  prolonged  outbursts  of  cheering  at  the  many  points 
along  the  line  of  march  at  which  their  friends  and 
sympathizers    were    congregated    in    large    numbers. 
Immediately   behind   the   marshal,    General   O'Beirne, 
and   leading   the  Ancient  Order   of  Hibernians,   came 
the  Hibernian  Guard,  in  uniform,  and  their  handsome 
appearance  and  soldierly  bearing  made  them  a  fitting 
advance   guard  to   the    great  body   of  men.     Edward 
L.  Carey,  who  is  at  the  head  of  this  section  of  the 
organization,    was    in    command.     Many    members   of 
the  Ancient  Order  are  old  war  veterans,  with  bronzed 
faces  and  gray  beards,  yet  they  kept  step  with  a  vigor 
and   precision  worthy   of  young   men.     Many   United 
States   flags  were   carried ;     and   there,    too,   was    the 
harp  of  old  Ireland,   on  a  background  of  green   and 
gold.      The  Hibernians,  throughout  the  whole  line  of 
march,  looked  first  at  one  flag  and  then  alt  the  other 
with  expressions  of  affection  and  enthusiasm.     Next 
came    the    Irish-American    League,   200    strong,    com 
manded    by    Michael    O'FarrelL      They,    too,    carried  i 
Irish  as  well  as  American  flags,  and  escorted  a  num. 
ber  of  -floats. 

The  other  division  of  the  first  contingent  was  made  ; 
up    of    the    United   Irish- American    and   Catholic    So 
cieties,    General   Martin   T.   McMahon,   marshal.     Di-  j 
rectly  behind  the  marshal  came  the  Association  of  the 
Irish  Papal  Veterans,  volunteers    who  went  out  from 
Ireland  to  Italy  many  years  ago  to  fight  for  the  tem 
poral  power  of_tjie  Pope.      They  were  in  command  of 
Captain  P.   C.  Dooley,   and  their  quaint  uniforms  at 
tracted  much  attention.      The  Holy  Name  Societies   of 
the  City   of  New- York,   numbering  5,000   men,   came 
next,    commanded   by    Captain    Jeremiah    Fltzpatrick.  I 
Each  company  of  this  section  bore  flags  having  the  j 
name  of  ii»  society.     Then  came  another  division  of 


the  Ancient  Order  of  Hibernians,  about  4,000  men, 
commanded  by  the  veteran  Irish  leader,  Captain 
Michael  Kennedy,  who  was  recognized  at  once  by 
his  thousands  of  friends  at  many  points  along  the  line 
of  march  and  was  enthusiastically  cheered. 

The  Provincial  Council  Temperance  Societies  came 
next,  under  the  leadership  of  William  H.  Dowries. 
They  made  an  excellent  display,  as  did  the  1,20O 
members  of  the  Catholic  Young  Men's  National  Union, 
who  accompanied  them,  and  1,000  men  from  the 
Catholic  Benevolent  Division,  under  the  command 
of  Victor  J.  Dowling.  The  Catholic  Knights,  400 
men,  commanded  by  Terrence  J.  Larkin,  and  St.  Pat 
rick's  Alliance,  400  men,  led  by  Congressman  John 
Henry  McCarthy,  came  next.  T.  S.  McEvoy  looked 
after  200  members  of  the  Catholic  Mutual  Benefit 
Association,  who  were  next  in  the  line.  Behind  them 
marched  the  St.  Patrick's  Benevolent  Association,  25O 
men,  commanded  by  M.  J.  Ahern ;  St  Paul's  United 
Societies,  in  charge  of  J.  E.  Kehoe,  and  St.  James's 
Young  Men's  Total  Abstinence  Society,  led  by  P. 
O'Toole.  The  Irish-American  section  was  closed  by 
the  Daniel  O'Connell  Patriotic  Benevolent  Association. 
Bernard  Byrne;  the  Kerrymen'_s  Patriotic  and  Benevo 
lent  Association.  John  P.  Sheehan ;  the  County  Fer 
managh  Association,  W.  McLaughlin;  the  Holy  Cross* 
Temperance  Society,  P.  J.  Mulcahy,  and  the  St.  Paul's 
League  of  the  Cross.  John  Dillon. 


ORGANIZED  LABOR  IN  LINE. 

NEARLY    14,000     MEN     MARCH— FORTY-NINE    OR 
GANIZATIONS    OF    BRAWNY   WORKMEN. 

The  share  that  organized  labor  took  in  the  parade 
yesterday  was  a  prominent  one,  although  no  local  or 
district  assembly  of  the  Knights  of  Labor  officially 
took  part,  the  unions  that  marched  being  connected 
with  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  and.  the 
Central  Labor  Union.  In  most  cases  the  president 
or  Central  Labor  Union  delegated  acted  in  the  capacity 
of  marshal  of  his  organization.  As  neither  of  the 
three  great  central  organizations,  the  Knights  ot 
Labor,  American  Federation  and  Central  Labor  Union, 
took  any  sort  of  official  action,  such  as  they  have  been 
in  the  habit  of  doing  when  preparing  for  the  Labor 
Day  parade,  the  various  smaller  unions  were  forced 
to  depend  upon  their  own  resources  to  perfect  all 
prparations  for  the  celebrations  and  the  result  was 
that  many  organizations  after  deciding  to  celebrate 
became  discouraged  and  gave  up  the  idea  of  parading. 
As  it  was,  only  about  10  per  cent  of  the  local  unions, 
lodges  and  assemblies  were  represented  along  the  line 
of  march  and  these  were  without  any  relative  order, 
but  came  in  where  and  when  they  had  the  chance, 
many  of  them  being  out  of  position.  Thus  the 
effect  of  the  body  of  13,990  organized  workmen  who 
marched  was  entirely  lost. 

There  were  forty-nine  labor  organizations  repre 
sented  altogether.  Following  Is  a  list  of  the 
various  bodies  that  helped,  to  swell  yesterday's 

pageant ' 

Unions.  Men. 

Brooklyn  Bricklayers'   Union,  No.  1 (1)  1.000 

Brooklyn    United    Brotherhood    of    Carpenters 

and  Joiners (4)  800 

Brooklyn  Journeymen  Plumbers (1) 

Clothing  Cutters'   Association (1)  600 

Journeymen  Butchers (1)  600 

Long  Island  City  Bricklayers'  Union,  No.  40. ...(D  70 

Manhattan  Ship  Joiners (1)  300 

Mixed  Unions (4)  390 

Musical  Unions (3)  280 

Marble  Cutters  of  New-York (1)  600 

Operative  Painters (2)  1,500 

Operative    Plasterers (1)  1,200 

Pianomakers'  Unions (10)  8,000 

Tin  and  Sheet  Iron  Workers (1)  250 

United    Brotherhood   of   Carpenters    and   Join 
ers,  New-York (U)  3,000 

Total (49)  13. 990 

STURDY  WORKMEN  FROM  BROOKLYN. 

The  Brooklyn  Bricklayers'  Union,  No.  1,  was  a 
sturdy  set  of  men,  whose  white  and  blue  aprons  and 
badges  became  them  well  Michael  J.  Murty  was  the- 


'I HE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


89 


marshal  of  this   organization,   which   was  in   the  di 
vision   commanded   by   General  J.   R.    O'Beirne,   who 
was  assisted  by  J.   C.  Mahoney  and  W.   M.   Murray. 
The  marching  of  this  body  of  men  was  good,  although 
no   attention  had   been   given   to   associating  men   of 
the   same   size   in   the   ranks,   and  short  men  had   to   I 
stretch  their  legs  to  mark  time  to  the  band  of  fourteen  | 
pieces    and   yet   keep    up    with    their   comrades   with 
longer  legs.      Banners  and  flags  were  abundant. 

The    Brooklyn   contingent    of   the   United    Brother-   I 
hood  of  Carpenters   and  Joiners  was   represented  by   I 
local  taiions  Nos.  109,  175,  451  and  471,  commanded   j 
by  William  Cheviton,  In  the  division  led  by  Nathaniel   | 
McKay,  marshal,  assisted  by  John  Mclnnis  and  C.  A.    | 
Phraner.     The  division  led  the  New- York  division  of 
the   United   Brotherhood   of   Carpenters   and   Joiners, 
composed   of   eleven   lodges,    the   members    of   which 
were  all  decorated  with  blue  badges  and  white  aprons. 
The  latter  organizations  were  under  the  direct  con* 
mand  of  W.  A.  Trotter,  who,  with  W.  V.  C.  Chtriston, 
Robert  Carson,  J.  A.   Phillips,  W.  Sh'aw,  Henry  Reu 
ben,  M.  Carew,  J.  Huyler,  M.  J.  Finn.  W.  H.  Robin- 
son,  T.   Deagan  and  R.   G.  Connors,    acted    as    aids 
to  Marshal  N.  McKay,  of  Division  E.     This  organiza 
tion  was  the  largest  body  of  union  men  in  the  dem 
onstration.     All   fell   promptly   into   line   when   their 
time  came  and  kept  good  order.      The  carpenters  car-   j 
ried  many  fanners,  flags  and   symbols,  thse  more  no 
ticeable  being  the  carpenters'  tools  of  great  size  car-   ' 
ried  on  pole*,  an  I  a  handsome  blue  plush  banner  in-   : 
scribed  "Centennial.  1789-1889." 

The  Brooklyn    Journeymen  Plumbers  were  a  neat- 
looking  body  of  GOO  men,  in  Division  D,  under  Marshal   : 
C.  S.   Burns.      It  was  commanded   by  M.  J.   Driscoll, 
assisted    by   James    Williamson.      The    members    wore 
blue  badges  and  carried  small  flags  and  canes.      The   j 
trade  banner  was  a  handsome  one,  inscribed  "  Centen-   \ 
nial  1789-1889." 

CLOTHING    CUTTERS    MARCH    LIKE    SOLDIERS. 

The  Clothing  Cutters'  Association  would  not  have   : 
been  recognized   as  tailors  by  the  average  spectator,   I 
their  marching  order  being   exceedingly    good.     This  j 
association  was  a  little  out  of  place,  but  was  welcomed   j 
when  it  appeared,  more  especially  on  account  of  the   I 
float   upon   which   lay   figures    were   being   measured, 
fitted  and  dressed  in  Continental  dresses,  work  which 
excited  much  interest  and  some  surprise  in  the  feminine 
portion    of    sightseers.      This    association    was    com-   i 
manded  by   W.  J.   Geraghty. 

The  Journeymen  Butchers  turned  out  in  larger  i 
numbers  than  was  expected  and  presented  an  im-  i 
posing  appearance.  Flags  were  carried  and  a  trade  I 
banner,  and  all  wore  gloves  and  bright  scarfs.  The  ' 
company  was  commanded  by  William  J.  Ryan  and 
escorted  a  float  handsomely  decorated 

The  seventy  members  of  Bricklayers'  Union  No.  40  i 
of  Long  Island  City,  were  a  fine  set  of  men,  and  it  j 
looked  as  if  they  had  been  picked  out  for  their  height.  I 
They  all  wore  white  gloves  and  blue  balces  and  carried  i 
canes.  One  float  accompanied  this  detachment,  another  i 
one  which  was  expected  to  be  present  having  got  mixed 
up  with  the  Irish  League  contingent. 

Members   of  a  number  of  unions   which   were  not  i 
officially   represented     turned  out   in   some  force   and 
distributed   themselves  about   promiscuously         Manv 
were  Knights  of  Labor. 

The  Manhattan  Ship  Joiners'  Association  had  pi*e- 
pared    to    distinguish   itself,    and    it   did    so.     It   had 
with  it  a  handsome  forty-five-foot  brig-rigged  yacht, 
with   its    crew   of   uniformed    sailors,    commanded    by    i 
Captain  William  H.  Stebbins.      On  another  float  near   ; 
the  brig  was  "  The  Old  Mechanics'  Bell"  cast  fop  the   '• 
association  in  1847.      William  W.  Taft  commanded  the  j 
ship  joiners.      Each  float  was  drawn  by  four  horses. 

AT  WORK  ON  A  BUST  OF  WASHINGTON. 

The  Reliance  Marble  Cutters'  Union,  of  New-York,  | 

was  commanded  by  P.  J.  Butler,  and  escorted  a  truck  i 

upon  which  was  a  steam  boiler  and  steam  drills,  with  ! 

which   delicate   work   was   being  done    on   a  bust  of  j 

Washington    and    various    friezes    of    marble.       This  '> 

truck  stopped  near  the   grand  stand,   and  seemed   to  I 
have  especial  interest  for  President  Harrison. 


One  feature  of  the  parade  was  the  terms  of  equality 
on  which  the  piano  manufacturers  associated  with 
their  workmen.  This  division  was  a  large  one,  and 
all  except  a  few  members  belong  to  the  Journeymen 
Piano  Makers'  International  Union.  Sixteen  piano 
manufacturers  were  represented.  The  grand  marshal 
was  George  A.  Steinway,  and  he  was  assisted  by 
Carl  Neuendorf,  J.  Burns  Brown,  W.  B.  Stone  R  S 
Howard,  Harry  D.  Low,  George  L.  Weitz,  Robert 
Prior,  E.  T.  Woly,  Hugo  Kraemer,  Henry  Hass, 
Louis  Ilass  and  H.  Leonard.  They  carried  a  large 
trade  banner  of  red  plush  on  which  was  embroidered  a 
picture  of  a  grand  piano  with  this  legend 
over  it:  1789— Cenennial— 1889— Piano  Makers." 
The  men  in  the  ranks  were  separated  Into  "  shops  " 
each  having  distinctive  uniforms  or  badges  and  car 
rying  banners,  flags  and  symbols,  some  of  the  latter 
being  monster  tuning-forks  and  inside  piano-keys 
carried  over  the  shoulder  like  battle-axes 

The  Operative  Painters  were  commanded  by  Charles 
E.  Owen,  and  although  a  respectable  body  of  men 
wearing  blue  badges  and  white  aprons,  they  have  often 
painted  the  town  red.  The  associate  commanders 
with  Mr.  Owen  were  William  H.  Perry  and  P.  P. 
Davis,  each  commanding  500  men.  Numeious  flags' 
banners  and  symbols  of  their  trade  were  carried. 

Last,  but  not  Jeast,  of  the  organized  workmen  was 
the  Plasterers'  Society  of  New- York,  numbering  1,200 
men,  all  dressed  In  white  with  yachting-caps,  and 
wearing  red.  white  and  blue  badges.  The  society 
was  commanded  by  Michael  Buckley,  who  was  as 
sisted  by  J.  C.  Crawford.  With  it  were  two  floats, 
one  showing  the  interior  of  a  house  in  miniature 
with  men  at  work  plastering;  the  other,  beautifully 
decorated,  showing  the  process  of  moulding  medallons, 
of  which  many  of  Washington  and  Lincoln  were  dis 
tributed  to  the  spectators  and  a  presentation  of  three 
made  to  President  Harrison. 

TAMMANY    BRAVES    WERE    LOUDLY    CHEERED. 

Few  divisions  in  the  parade  attracted  more  atten 
tion,  or  received  more  continuous  plaudits  along  the 
line  than  that  of  the  Tammany  Society,  with  the 
legendary  cap  of  Liberty,  General  John  Cochrane, 
grand  marshal  and  sachem,  and  five  unmistakable 
sons  of  the  forest  to  the  fore.  Beside  the  marshal 
rode  City  Chamberlain  Richard  Croker,  the  picture 
of  health  and  manly  vigor.  Grand  Sachem  Flack  and 
all  the  sachems  were  mounted  and  wore  their  regalia. 
The  rank  and  file,  divided  Into  thirteen  tribes,  each 
carrying  its  own  standard,  turned  out  the  full  com. 
plement  of  the  2,500  men  promised,  in  high  hats  and 
dark  clothes.  The  President  looked  with  undisguised 
Interest  upon  this  fine-looking  body  of  men,  his  recog 
nized  political  opponents,  and  when  Mounted  Aide 
Leicester  Holme  gave  the  command,  "  Remove  your 
hats,  gentlemen,"  General  Harrison  returned  the  salute 
with  an  exceedingly  low  bow  and  a  gesture  indicative 
of  extremely  polite  respect. 

The  "  braves"  were  divided  into  three  battalions 
and  marched  in  the  following  order :  The  First  Battal 
ion,  Major  Thomas  Bogan,  marshal,  included  the 
XXIIId,  XXIId,  XXIst,  XXth,  XVIII  th.  XVIth, 
XlVth  and  Xllth  Assembly  Districts.  In  the  Second 
Battalion.  Joseph  H.  Sttner,  marshal,  were  the  XlXth 
Xth,  XI th,  XVIIth,  XVth,  Xlllth,  VIII th  and  IXth 
Districts.  The  Third  Battalion,  Dr.  Joseph  F.  Na-le 
marshal,  contained  the  Vllth,  Vlth,  IVth,  Hid.  Vth 
Vlllth  and  1st  Districts. 


FULLY  2,000  ITALIANS  IN  LINE. 

THEIR     SCOKE     OF    SOCIETIES    A    PICTURESQUE 

FEATURE  OF  THE  PARADE. 

The  Italian  contingent,  under  Marshal  Morrison, 
was  one  of  the  most  picturesque  features  of  the  parade. 
There  were  present  a  score  of  military  organizations 
in  different  uniforms.  The  Garibaldi  Guards,  In  scar 
let  tunics,  were  as  conspicuous  as  the  Victor  Emmanuel 
Guards,  or  the  sharpshooters,  in  dark  green,  with 
waving  plumes.  Though  the  men,  as  a  body,  were 
rather  short  of  stature,  they  marched  like  well-drilled 
soldiers  and  retained  their  "  touch"  in  a  manner  that 
would  do  credit  to  some  militia  regiments.  The  di 
vision  was  in  two  sections.  The  first  was 
beaded  by  Marshal  Morrison  and  Marshal  An- 


90 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


tonio  Carrara,  after  whom  came  the  united  Italian 
societies,  the  band  and  the  Italian  military 
associations  with  Marshal's  Aides  A.  DemardI,  M. 
Petroleo  and  M.  Cardano.  Following  these  came  the 
Reducl  Patrie  Battaglio,  the  Columbus  Guards,  under 
Captain  G.  Muxxio,  and  Garibaldi  Legion,  Captain  M. 
Landi,  which  company  was  repeatedly  cheered  along 
the  line  of  march.  Probably  next  In  favor  to  the 
Garibaldi  Legion  were  the  Victor  Emmanuel  Guards, 
under  Captain  Victoria  Bianci.  They  were  followed  by 
Tongueto  Tasso,  Captain  D.  Fina;  Potenja  Lucarrla, 
Captain  R.  Guidetti ;  Umbesto  Primo,  Captain  C.  Gia- 
como;  Stella  A'ltalia,  Captain  D.  D'lucastra;  Corona 
A'ltalia,  Captain  L.  B.  Bellarosa;  Societa  Carous,  Cap 
tain  A.  Carrara;  Guardia  Saroia,  Captain  A.  Dondero, 
and  Carabinieri  Reali,  Captain  F.  Capoblanco.  This 
concluded  the  section. 

The  second  section  was  composed  chielly  of  Italian 
civic  organizations,  headed  by  a  band.  The  men  wore 
drab-colored  hats,  with  black  velvet  band,  a  plume 
and  a  star  formed  of  the  Italian  national  colors. 
Carlo  Lalnalda  and  Antonio  Crlscuolo  acted  as  marshals 
of  the  second  section.  The  members  of  the  organiza 
tions  wore  regalia,  and  the  respective  presidents  had 
on  their  badges  of  office  and  patriotic  decorations. 
The  Untone  e  Fratellanza,  President  B.  Bertini,  had 
the  right  of  line.  The  other  organizations  were  as 
follows:  Societa  Operaia,  G.  Caragusa,  president; 
La  Concordia,  A.  Podesta ;  Societa  Fraterna,  A.  D'An- 
gelo;  Fratellanza  Cabrellesse,  A.  Aliono,  and  Rimein- 
branza  Saat!,  N.  Snllla.  It  was  estimated  that  fully 
2,000  Italians  were  In  line. 


led  the  societies.  ThirtV  flags  and  banners  were  carried 
by  this  division,  and  the  appearance  of  the  mounted 
warriors,  Helvetian  bowmen  and  the  brightly  decked 
maidens,  seated  on  the  slope  of  a  mountain,  was  the 
signal  for  unstinted  applause. 


HELVETIAN  WARRIORS  AND  MAIDENS. 

STRIKING  COSTTJME.S  AND  PATRIOTIC  LEGENDS. 

The  Swiss  division  fell  In  line  at  10:20  o'clock. 
The  Centennial  committee  was  composed  of  delegates 
from  all  the  Swiss  societies  In  New-York  City.  The 
Swiss  drum  and  fife  corps  led  the  procession,  In  white 
uniforms  and  leather  legglns.  Next  came  twenty 
mounted  warriors  In  costumes  of  the  fourteenth 
century.  They  wore  armor,  and  on  each  man's 
breast  was  a  shield  In  red  surrounding  the  white  cross 
of  Switzerland.  The  costume  was  striking,  consisting 
of  doublets  of  black  velvet,  silver  helmet  and  top- 
boots  of  brown  leather.  Following  came  the  float, 
representing  Helvetia  on  a  mountain,  and  twenty- two 
maidens,  one  for  each  canton  of  Switzerland,  sat  on 
each  side,  each  one  dressed  In  the  quaint  garb  of  her 
own  canton.  In  front  sat  William  Tell  and  his  boy, 
armed  with  bows  and  arrows,  while  on  a  pole  above 
their  heads  hung  the  cap  of  the  tyrant  Gesler.  A 
golden  circle  on  the  back  of  the  float  Indicated  the 
rising  sun,  and  around  It  was  the  legend  "  Five  Hun 
dred  and  Eighty-one  Years  of  Independence."  A 
corps  of  forty  Helvetian  archers  came  next,  In  ancient 
uniform,  bearing  spears  and  shields.  Behind  these 
marched  a  monk  of  St.  Bernard,  clad  In  a  brown  garment 
which  reached  from  head  to  foot,  his  long  white  beard 
coming  down  to  his  waist.  At  his  side  ran  a  huge 
Bt.  Bernard  dog  with  a  flask  around  his  neck.  The 
Jura  Maenner-Chor,  with  a  large  banner,  was  followed 
by  the  Helvetian  Singing  Society  and  the  Tieinese 
Society  for  Mutual  Benefit.  The  Swiss  motto,  "  One 
for  All,  All  for  One,"  was  Inscribed  on  various  banners, 
and  on  a  large  flag  of  red  silk  was  written  "  Switzerland 
a  Republic,  1308  to  1889." 

The  Helvetian  Singing  Society  carried  two  banners, 
with  golden  lyres,  on  a  field  of  blue  and  white,  with 
the  Inscription  "  Harmonie,  Union,  Patrie."  The 
mottoes  on  the  banners  wera  writu-n  In  the  languages 
of  Switzerland— French,  German  and  Italian.  Each 
young  woman  on  the  float  held  a  shield  with  the  coat- 
of-aims  of  her  canton.  On  some  of  the  shields  were 
pictured  mountains  and  pastoral  scenes,  on  others 
Alpine  fields  of  Ice  and  snow,  while  some  bore  emblems 
ami  symbols  of  ancient  and  mortern  warfare.  There  were 
more  than  200  men  In  lino,  representing  thirty  Swiss 
societies.  The  mounted  command  was  led  by  Captain 
Gustavo  Winkler,  and  Honorary  President  Charles  Taller 


THE  STAFF  OF  THE   CHIEF  MARSHAL. 

A  SMALL  ARMY  OF  AIDES  WHO  HELPED  GENERAL 
BUTTER.FIELD  HANDLE  THE  BIG-  PARADE. 

The  many  organizations  that  joined  In  the  parade 
fell  Into  line  promptly  from  the  streets  where  they 
were  massed  and  enthusiastic  cheers  greeted  them 
as  they  wheeled.  Into  Fifth-ave.  General  Butter- 
field,  the  chief  marshal,  wore  civilian's  dress,  his  only 
Insignia  being  the  marshal's  baton.  Near  him  rode  the 
standard-bearer,  with  the  chief  marshal's  banner,  a 
yellow  silk  flag  with  the  arms  of  the  State  on  one 
side  and  those  of  the  city  on  the  other.  Before  the 
general  rode  a  double  line  of  mounted,  police  and 
after  him  came  a  small  brigade  of  mounted  aides. 
Each  of  these  wore  a  broad  sash  of  yellow  silk> 
caught  at  the  right  shoulder  with  a  silver  star  and 
fastened  with  a  similar  one  at  the  left  hip. 

The  staff  comprised  the  following  men :  Henry  C. 
Aspinwall,  Charles  Appleby,  Nelson  G.  Ayres,  Ethan 
Allen,  A.  D.  Baker,  Bleecker  S.  Banard,  Lewis  Top- 
pon  Barney,  Alexander  Barrie,  Henry  A.  Bostwick, 
Sherrill  Babcock,  William  H.  Barker,  Eugene  Berri, 
Adolph  Busch,  George  II.  Berry,  Oliver  B.  Bridgman, 
Russell  Connell,  Melville  Bull,  H.  H.  Balch,  Howard 
C.  Badgley,  A.  E.  Baxter,  James  H.  Brady,  Oliver  H. 
Buckingham,  John  F.  Boylan,  Frank  S.  Brastow,  Regi 
nald  G.  Barclay,  Elliott  Burrls,  T.  B.  Basselin,  August 
Bolmont,  jr.,  Frederick  W.  Chesebrough,  John  N. 
Conyngham,  Robert  J.  Clyde,  W.  Miles  Cary,  Sigmund 
Conn,  Charles  M.  Clarke,  Alexander  Cameron,  Ashton 
Crosby  Clarkson,  Alfred  E.  Cortls,  W.  F.  Caterfield, 
Wilbur  F.  Calvert,  Charles  H.  T.  Collis,  DeFrees 
Critton,  Frederick  B.  Carey,  Washington  Content, 
Albert  Clayburgh,  T.  Wain-Morgan  Draper,  John  B. 
Cheever,  Jullen  T.  Davies,  A.  d'Orville,  Eugene  iL. 
Dale,  Guy  Carlton  Dempsey,  George  Dickerson,  Thomas 
X.  Dunn,  Rufus  Delafield,  John  Langdon  Erving,  W. 
Nelson  Edelston,  E.  M.  Fulton,  Joseph  Forbes,  Fred 
erick  W.  Floyd,  Dr.  Feaser  C.  Fuller,  De  Witt  Clinton 
Falls,  jr.,  George  E.  Fahye,  Augustus  B.  Field,  War 
ren  H.  Goddard,  Robert  S.  Gould,  Gullford  Hurry, 
Nelson  H.  Henry,  Herbert  G.  Hull,  Francis  Halpin, 
Charles  F.  Homer,  Joseph  Holland,  Austin  Harring 
ton,  Leland  H.  Ives,  Joseph  C.  Jackson,  FoxhaU  Keene, 
William  H.  Kirby,  Henry  Knickerbacker,  Frank  T. 
Lawrence,  Francis  H.  Mulford,  Frederick  H.  McCoon, 
George  Ellas  Holleson,  Cornelius  B.  Mitchell,  Rufus 
Martin,  Warner  Miller,  William  C.  Mowry,  Henry  Glea- 
son,  Sinclair  T.  Hunting,  William  W.  Henshaw,  jr., 
Charles  R.  Henderson,  Gilbert  K.  Harroun.  jr.,  Sey 
mour  C.  Hess,  William  H.  T.  Hughes,  Ira  M.  Hedges, 
Henry  I.  Iselin,  Charles  M.  Jessup,  Richard  L.  John 
son.  William  M.  Kilduff,  Waldo  Ellis  Knapp,  Frederick 
P.  Lee,  Robert  Lincoln  Lee,  Edwin  A.  McAlpin,  Clark 
H.  McDonald,  John  Murray  Mitchell,  Asher  Miner, 
Alfred  B.  Maclay,  Jeremiah  S.  Meserole,  Walter 
Glendeve  Owen,  John  D.  Ottiwell,  Louis  V.  O'Donohuo, 
Holbrook  F.  J.  Porter,  Kelly  Prentice,  Albert  E. 
Pond,  William  E.  Pentz,  Oren  Root,  Charles  F.  Roe, 
F.  J.  Romor.  Frederick  T.  Swift,  Joseph  P.  Skilman, 
Charles  R.  Skinner,  Peter  Somers,  Joseph  II.  Stirling, 
Arthur  E.  Schuman,  Julian  Sternberger,  T.  Eugene 
Smith,  jr..  Henry  Edward  Tremain.  Alexander  Taylor, 
jr.,  Paul  Gilbert  Thebaud,  Charles  W.  Tracy,  Laurence 
Turnure,  jr.,  John  W.  Vrooman,  William  R.  Worrall, 
Obed  Wheeler,  Alfred  Wagstaff,  Gustavus  S.  Wallace, 
Frank  Waller,  Joseph  J.  O'Donohue,  Frederick  N. 
Owen,  William  C.  Price,  Howland  Pell,  Jarnes  S. 
Porter,  Thomas  J.  Powers,  George  Rand,  George  S. 
Ryder,  Clarence  H.  Robins,  Edward  C.  Smith,  Edward 
Chambers  Smith,  Frank  T.  Stinson,  W.  F.  Shaefer, 
August  Schimmel,  Lispenard  Stewart,  W.  M.  Storrs, 
Waldo  Sprague,  John  Tregaskls,  John  J.  Toffey,  George 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


91 


Enos  Throop,  S.  E.  Vernon,  Paul  Edward  Vollum. 
Henry  G.  Woodruff,  Stephen  M.  Wright,  James  Wood, 
Arthur  G.  Weber. 

The  State  representatives  appointed  by  the  various 
Governors  were  as  follows:  Sow-Hampshire,  Solon  A. 
Carter;  Indiana",  John  A.  Brldgeland ;  Kansas,  Homer 
W.  Pond ;  Maryland,  Frank  Brown ;  Illinois,  Charles 
P.  Ryan  ;  Pennsylvania,  Thomas  J.  Powers ;  Wiscon 
sin,  Ogden  N.  Fetchcrs;  Maine,  George  L.  Beal ; 
Michigan,  D.  B.  Binger;  South  Carolina,  Major  J.  C. 
Alderson ;  Florida.  John  D.  Tredwell;  Missouri,  C.  R. 
Ellersbe ;  Connecticut,  William  C.  Maury ;  Arkansas. 
Colonel  B.  T.  De  Val;  Virginia,  Major  W.  Miles  Cary  ; 
Delaware,  Austin  Harrington  ;  Rhode  Island,  Colonel 
Melville  Bull ;  Vermont,  Colonel  Lev!  K.  Fuller. 

General  Butterfleld  appointed  these  as  special 
aides  to  escort  those  from  the  other  States :  Laurence 
Turnure.  jr.,  August  Belmont.  jr.,  Llspenard  Stewart, 
P.  G.  Thebaud,  Alfred  Wagstaff,  H.  Knlckerbacker^ 
Franklin  Bartlett,  Joseph  C.  Jackson,  C.  B.  Mitchell. 


HOMEWAED  BOUND. 


HOW  THE  PRESIDENT  SPENT  THE  DAY. 


HEARTY    CHEERS    FOR    HIM    IN    THE    STREETS— 
THOSE    WHO    ACCOMPANIED    HIM. 

It  was  scarcely  8  o'clock  yesterday  morning  when 
great  crowds  of  people  began  to  assemble  in  Fifth- 
ave.,  In  the  neighborhood  of  the  home  of  Vice-Presl- 
dent  Morton.  A  glance  at  the  appearance  of  the 
people  In  the  early  throng  showed  that  a  large  pro 
portion  of  the  people  composing  it  were  from  distant 
points,  who  had  apparently  determined  to  be  on 
hand  early  enough  to  catch  a  glimpse  of  the  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States  when  he  should  leave  the 
Vice-President's  house  for  the  reviewing  stand.  By 
9  o'clock  the  avenue  was  lined  on  both  sides  by  people 
who  were  compressed  by  the  police  into  the  narrow 
compass  of  the  sidewalks,  leaving  the  roadway  clear. 

About  this  time  one  of  the  policemen  engaged  In 
keeping  the  crowd  outside  the  parade  lines,  finding 
his  exertions  almost  futile,  endeavored  to  create  a 
diversion  that  would  relieve  the  pressure  of  the  crowd 
at  this  point.  "  The  President  will  go  out  by  the  side 
door,"  he  shouted,  hoping  to  see  the  crowd  rush  for 
the  corner.  Not  a  person  moved,  and  everybody 
looked  at  the  officer  as  if  he  were  the  only  man  In 
New-York  capable  of  wilfully  sacrificing  his  reputa 
tion  for  truth  during  a  Washington  centennial. 

"  Harrison's  not  that  kind  of  a  Republican,"  some 
one  said,  and  those  who  heard  the  remark  cheered 
the  speaker  heartily. 

At  9  o'clock  Colonel  S.  V.  R.  Cruger.  chairman  of 
the  Army  Committee,  accompanied  by  Lieutenant 
Judson,  drove  up  to  Mr.  Morton's  home  and  entered. 
Three  quarters  of  an  hour  later  a  messenger  from 
the  reviewing  stand  arrived  at  the  house  to  Inform 
the  President  of  the  approach  of  the  procession.  In 
the  meantime  several  other  callers  had  entered  Mr.  ! 
Morton's  house  and  had  paid  their  respects  to  the 
President.  Among  them  were  Stuyvesant  Fish,  El- 
bridge  T.  Gerry,  Clarence  W.  Bowen,  W.  G.  Hamil 
ton  and  Orlando  B.  Potter. 

CHEERS  FOR  THE  PRESIDENT. 

It  was  almost  10  o'clock  when  President  Harrison 
and  Vice-President  Morton  left  the  house  to  enter 
the  President's  carriage,  which  had  Just  reached  the 
sidewalk.  The  appearance  of  the  President  was  the 
signal  for  a  wild  and  spontaneous  outburst  of  cheer- 
Ing.  The  cheers  started  by  the  people  who  saw  him 
first  were  taken  up  by  others  along  the  avenue,  and 
carried  in  a  single  swelling  burst  of  sound  as  far  as 
the  reviewing  stand,  half  a  dozen  blocks  away. 

In  the  carriage  as  Jt  left  the  house  for  the  stand 
were  the  President,  Vice-President  Morton,  Colonel 


Cruder  and  Lieutenant  Judson.  The  cheer- 
Ing  with  which  the  President  was  greeted 
was  something  unusual,  even  In  a  tune 
when  patriotic  enthusiasm  Is  aroused  to  Its  highest 
pitch.  Never  at  any  time  on  the  journey  to  the 
stand  did  the  tumult  of  cheering  abate.  Men  threw 
up  their  hats,  cheering  loudly,  while  the  women  waved 
their  handkerchiefs  with  energy.  The  President  bared 
his  head  and  bowed  frequently  to  the  right  and  left  as 
he  was  driven  along.  He  appeared  less  pale  than  on 
the  previous  day  and  was  evidently  In  excellent 
spirits.  He  reached  the  stand  a  few  minutes  after 
10  o'clock,  and  shook  hands  cordially  with  those 
who  had  already  gathered  there  to  await  him.  Dur 
ing  the  greetings  the  cheers  from  the  crowds  on  the 
stands.  In  the  streets  and  on  the  houses  were  kept 
up  without  cessation. 

There  was  a  long  break  In  the  procession  In  front 
of  the  reviewing  stand  about  3  o'clock  p.  m.,  and 
Chief  Inspector  Byrnes,  who  stood  just  below  the 
stand,  suggested  to  Vice-President  Morton,  who  was 
nearest  him,  that  It  was  a  favorable  opportunity  to 
have  the  President's  carriage  brought  up,  3  o'clock 
having  been  set  as  the  hour  for  the  President's  de 
parture  from  the  stand.  A  brief  consultation  was 
held,  and  the  carriage  was  ordered.  The  President, 
meanwhile,  bade  good-by  to  a  large  number  of  peo 
ple  on  the  stand,  with  whom  he  shook  hands  cordi 
ally.  He  and  Mr.  Morton  entered  the  conveyance, 
accompanied  by  Elbridge  T.  Gerry  and  Stuyvesant 
Fish,  and  the  party  were  driven  rapidly  back  to  Mr. 
Morton's  house,  under  an  escort  of  mounted  police. 
Along  the  way  the  enthusiasm  of  the  morning  seemed 
to  have  increased,  if  that  were  possible.  It  was  one 
lusty  cheer  from  the  time  the  carriage  started  until 
its  destination  was  reached,  and  all  the  while  hand 
kerchiefs  waved  over  the  heads  of  the  people  in  a 
fluttering  cloud.  Two  other  carriages  followed  con 
taining  Russell  Harrison,  Clarence  W.  Bowen  and 
Mr.  Varnum,  William  G.  Hamilton,  W.  E.  D.  Stokes 
and  General  John  C.  King. 

STARTING  FOR   THE   STATION. 

The  President  rested  at  Mr.  Morton's  house  for  half 
an  hour,  and  then,  at  3  :45  o'clock,  the  party  started 
for  the  Desbrosses  Street  Ferry,  Messrs.  Gerry  and  Fish 
accompanying  the  President  and  Vice-President.  In 
the  other  carriages  were  those  who  had  followed  the 
President  from  the  reviewing  stand.  The  crowds  on 
the  streets  to  the  ferry  cheered  the  President  with 
a  will,  and  the  carriage  was  almost  Instantly  sur 
rounded  by  an  enthusiastic  throng,  notwithstanding 
the  presence  of  the  mounted  police  escort.  Upon  ar 
riving  at  the  Pennsylvania  station  in  Jersey  City, 
the  river  having  been  crossed  on  the  Princeton* 
the  President  at  once  entered  the  private  car  of  Vice- 
President  Thomson,  of  the  Pennsylvania  road,  which 
had  been  placed  at  his  disposal.  The  train  was  the 
same  as  that  which  had  brought  the  party  from  Wash 
ington,  excepting  that  two  of  the  nine  cars  were  not 
used  on  the  return  trip,  owing  to  the  diminution  in 
the  number  of  the  party.  The  interior  of  the  Presi 
dent's  car  was  profusely  decorated  with  flower 
ferns. 

THOSE  WHO   WENT  BACK  TO  WASHINGTON. 

The  other  members  of  the  party  returning  to  Wash 
ington  with  the  President  had  gone  to  the  Fifth  Ave 
nue  Hotel  from  the  reviewing  stand,  and  had  then 
gone  to  the  ferry  from  that  point.  They  joined  the 
President  on  board  the  train  just  before  5  o'clock. 
The  entire  party  with  the  President  consisted  of 
Elijah  Halford,  Colonel  J.  M.  Wilson,  Miss  Murphy,  of 
St.  Paul,  Walker  Elaine,  Secretary  and  Mrs.  Win- 
dom  and  the  Misses  Windom,  Secretary  Proctor, 


92 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENAHY. 


Colonel  Barr.  Postmaster- General  Wanamaker,  Se 
cretary  and  Mrs.  Rusk  and  their  children,  General 
Passenger  Agent  Boyd,  Lispenard  Stewart,  Frank 
6.  Wltherbee  and  Mrs.  J.  S.  Clarkson,  wife  of  the 
First  Assistant  Postmaster-General.  Mrs.  Clarkson 
has  been  the  guest  of  Mrs.  Russell  Alger  during  her 
stay  in  the  city.  Mr.  Morton  returned  to  his  home 
after  the  departure  of  the  President.  Others  who  re 
mained  in  the  city  were_Chief  Justice  and  Mrs.  Fuller, 
Justices  Field  dud  Blatchford,  and  ex-Justice  Strong, 
all  of  whom  stayed  to  attend  the  banquet  last  night 
to  members  of  the  Supreme  Court. 

At  exactly  5  o'clock  the  Presidential  train  started 
on  its  fast  run  for  Washington.  The  station  at  that 
moment  rang  with  the  cheers  of  the  immense  crowd 
gathered  to  see  the  President  depart.  General  Har 
rison  came  upon  the  rear  platform  as  the  train  drew 
away  and  bowed  repeatedly  to  the  crowd.  His  ap 
pearance  on  the  platform  called  forth  still  more 
hearty  cheering,  and  the  distinguished  guest  was 
speeded  on  his  way  with  a  burst  of  enthusiasm  no  less 
genuine  than  that  which  had  welcomed  him  to  the  city. 

RETURN  OF  THE  PRESIDENTIAL  PARTY. 
Washington,  May  1.— Only  two  stops  were  made  in 
the  trip  of  the  Presidential  party  from  New-York  to 
this  city— one  at  Trenton  and  one  at  West  Philadel 
phia.  At  10  :45  to-night  the  train  rolled  into  the  Balti 
more  and  Potomac  station,  after  a  pleasant  ride  of 
five  hours  and  forty-five  minutes.  President  Harrison 
appeared  thoroughly  refreshed,  and  entertained  the 
occupants  of  the  car  with  a  lively  recital  of  some  of 
the  striking  experiences  he  had  undergone.  Be 
fore  leaving  the  train  President  Harrison  thanked 
Mr.  Boyd,  of  the  railroad  company,  for  the  great  re 
gard  shown  for  his  welfare  and  comfort  and  compli 
mented  him  upon  the  manner  in  which  every  detail 
ot  the  Journey  had  been  wrought  out. 


sold  in  a  single  hour  during  the  afternoon.  No  ao. 
Hrionts  have  been  reported.  The  crowd  at  Christo 
pher  st  moved  in  good  order,  and  at  Barclay,  Cortlandt 
and  Liberty  sts.  ample  facilities  were  provided  for 
SfiTtirTe  the  multitude  out  of  the  city. 

As  the  last  of  the  parade  crossed  Forty-second- 
st  yesterday,  the  number  of  passengers  In 
the  Grand  Central  Station  increased  so  rapidly  that 
the  police  at  one  time  were  obliged  to  keep  a  crowd  of 
nfionle  standing  in  the  street  while  the  waiting-rooms 
eradually  emptied  themselves  Into  the  many  trains 
that  were  constantly  steaming  off,  some  of  them  on 
only  five  minutes'  headwaj.  On  Tuesday  341  trains, 
rnni;Ktlne  of  1,899  cars,  were  handled.  This  is,  up 
toto  day,  the  highest  total,  but  yesterday's  traffic  did 
not  fall  short  of  it.  Early  yesterday  morning  a  large 
mmber  of  the  New-York  State  Militia  were  sent  to 
their  homes  In  Utlca,  Herkimer,  Amsterdam,  Schenec- 
tadv  Hudson,  Catskill,  Poughkeepsie  and  other  places. 
The  Louisville  Legion  started  home  at  5.30  p.  m.,  in 
a  special  train  of  seven  cars.  The  Cleveland  City 
Troop  and  Battery,  also  in  a  special  train,  left  the 
Grand  Central  at  7  :30  p.  m.  Owing  to  the  Centennial 
tickets  being  good  for  ten  days,  the  railway  officials 
do  not  expect  any  sudden  rush,  but  think  that  the 
visitors  will  return  home  gradually  during  the  next 

The  'New- York,  New-Haven  and  Hartford  Railroad 
has  also  felt  the  influence  of  the  celebration  In  a 
marked  degree.  Many  thousand  people  went  to  their 
homes  on  this  line  yesterday,  and  on  Tuesday  it  car 
ried  over  25,000  passengers  from  the  Grand  Central 
Station.  The  great  traffic  was  handled  with  entire 
smoothness  and  regularity. 

The  officials  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  are  not 
likely  soon  to  forget  their  Centennial  experience. 
During  the  three  days  and  nights  of  the  celebration 
nearly  200,000  travellers  to  and  from  the  city  have 
passed  through  their  hands,  without  the  slightest  hitch 
or  accident  The  number  of  departures  yesterday 
was  nearly  50,000,  besides  nearly  10.000  troops  bound' 
for  their  homes  in  the  West  and  South.  Over  thirty 
extra  trains  were  run  yesterday.  The  difficult  work 
of  the  railway  men  has  been  much  lightened  by  the 
uniform  good-nature  of  the  passengers. 


THE  PEOPLE  STREAMING  HOMEWARD. 


THRONGS  OF  CITIZENS  AND  SOLDIERY  LEAVING   I         HOW   THE   GREAT  PARADES   WERE   MOVED. 


THE    CITY   BY   BOAT    AND    RAIL. 

The  streets  leading  to  the  North  River  piers  were 
filled  yesterday  afternoon  with  a  tired-looking  throng 
of  sight-seers,  all  anxious  to  get  back  to  their  homes,  as 
the  great  celebration  was  over.  Those  who  had  en 
gaged  staterooms  on  the  boats  in  advance  were  fortu 
nate,  for  the  late-comers  had  to  content  themselves 
with  mattresses  and  cots  placed  wherever  space 
could  be  found.  The  agents  of  the  steamboat  com 
panies  said  that  the  travel  of  the  three  days  had  ex 
ceeded  that  of  any  previous  period  of  the  same  length. 
The  Norwich  Line  put  on  two  extra  boats  last  night, 
and  all  the  steamers  were  needed.  Among  the  pas 
sengers  on  these  boats  were  2,500  of  the  Vermont, 
New-Hampshire  and  Massachusetts  troops.  The  Ston- 
Ington  Line,  by  putting  on  an  extra  boat,  was  able 
to  take  between  1,200  and  1,500  people.  The  Rhode 
Island  troops,  numbering  about  650,  returned  homo 
by  this  line  Tuesday  night.  Many  of  the  New- En 
gland  Grand  Army  veterans  went  home  last  night. 
The  Fall  River  Line  ran  both  the  Pilgrim  and  the 
Providence.  Governor  Ames  and  the  5th  Massa 
chusetts  returned  on  the  Pilgrim.  The  Ancient  and 
Honorable  Artillery  of  Boston  took  the  I  all  River 
boat  after  the  parade  on  Tuesday.  The  same  rush 
was  also  seen  at  the  Albany  boats.  Every  state 
room  was  taken,  and  all  the  available  space  was  oc 
cupied  with  cots.  All  the  lines  are  preparing  for 
large  numbers  of  passengers  during  the  rest  of  the 
week. 

A  stream  of  people  kept  the  ferry-boats  to  Jersey 
City  filled  yesterday  afternoon.  Parts  of  the  crowd 
were  crossing  the  river  at  every  ferry,  and  the  boats 
were  running  at  intervals  of  five  minutes.  The  largest 
number  of  people  seemed  to  be  at  Desbrosses-st.  ferry, 
where  a  ticket -seller  said  that  8,000  tickets  had  been 


The  arrangements  for  moving  the  troops  in  Tues 
day's  parade  were  In  the  hands  of  Colonel  S.  V.  R. 
Cruger,  who  had  previously  placed  special  telegraph 
stations  along  the  route.  There  were  eight  stations 
in  all,  the  first  at  No.  Ill  Broadway.  Others  were 
placed  at  the  City  Hall,  No.  599  Broadway,  Twentl- 
jth-st.  and  Fifth-ave.,  the  grand  stand  in  Madison 
Square,  Fortieth-st.  and  Fifth-ave.,  and  Fifty-seventh-st 
and  Fifth-ave.  The  arrangements  were  so  perfect 
rhat  within  one  minute  after  President  Harrison  ar 
rived  at  Madison  Square  the  head  of  the  column  had 
oeen  ordered  to  advance.  Colonel  Cruger  had  then 
reached  the  telegraph  station  at  Twentieth-st.  and 
Fifth-ave.  The  last  division  passed  Madison  Square 
at  6  :39  p.  m.,  and  at  6  :40  the  message  "  Good  Night" 
came  down  the  wire  from  the  Fifty-seventh-st.  stand. 
These  stations  were  placed  at  the  disposal  of  General 
Butterfield  for  Wednesday's  parade,  until  every  part 
of  each  division  was  under  way. 

•«• 

SWEET    CHIMES    FROM    OLD    TRINITY'S    TOWER. 

Pealing  chimes  at  sunrise,  noon  and  sunset  yester 
day  from  Old  Trinity's  belfry  rounded  out  that  church's 
share  in  the  Centennial  exercises.  The  maiden  bell 
was  distinctly  noticeable  among  the  others,  and  the 
increased  compass  of  the  peal  was  commented  upon 
by  many  musicians  among  the  thousands  who  listened 
to  its  tones.  Such  tunes  as  "  Hail  Columbia"  and 
"  Auld  Lang  Syne"  were  played  far  more  effectively 
than  hitherto.  Among  the  numbers  other  than  the 
National  airs,  which  Campanologist  Meislahn  rang  out, 
were  "  Under  the  Cherry  Tree,"  written  by  the  father 
of  George  L.  Fox  in  1789.  This  was  in  the  supple 
mental  evening  programme,  which  also  Included  "  The 
Old  Volunteer  Fireman,"  "I'm  Not  as  Young  as  I 
Used  to  Be,"  "  Life  Let  Us  Cherish"  and  "  You'll 
Remember  Me." 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


EVENING   BANQUETS. 

BROOKLYN'S   CHIEF  MJUN    CELEBRATE  THE 
CENTENNIAL. 


MAYOR    CHAPIN    PRESIDES     AT    THE     ACADEMY 

OP  MUSIC— A  LARGE  ATTENDANCE— SPEECHES 

BY  THE  REV.  DRS.  L.  T.  CHAMBERLAIN 

AND  A.  J.   P.  BEHRENDS,  ST.  CLAIR 

McKELWAY.  ANDREW  McLEAN, 

THE  REV.  E.  W.  McCARTY 

AND    OTHERS. 

The  chief  share  of  Brooklyn  in  the  Centennial 
celebration  was  a  municipal  banquet  in  the 
Academy  of  Music  last  evening,  which  in 
brilliancy  probably  surpassed  any  similar  enter 
tainment  ever  given  in  the  city  across  the  Bridge. 
Over  500  guests,  including  the  military,  clerical, 
political,  professional,  business,  and  social  repre 
sentatives  of  the  city,  sat  at  the  tables,  and  after 
partaking  of  a  well-served  dinner  listened  to 
speeches  by  a  number  of  the  representatives  of 
the  press,  the  pulpit,  and  politics. 

The  stage  and  parquet  of  the  Academy  were 
laid  with  the  ball  floor,  and  upon  this  were  five 
long  tables  and  a  cross-table  of  honor.  The 
building  was  brilliantly  lighted  and  decorated. 
At  the  rear  of  the  stage  was  a  full-length  portrait 
of  Washington,  flanked  by  flags,  and  from  the 
proscenium  aich  depended  in  gas-jets  the  inscrip 
tion: 

WASHINGTON- 17  89—  18S9. 

The  fronts  of  the  proscenium  boxes  and  of  the 
balcony  and  gallery  were  decorated  with  flags  and 
shields.  There  were  also  abundant  floral  decora 
tions  on  the  tables  and  about  the  hall.  Mayor 
Chapin  presided,  and  on  his  right  hand  sat  Secre 
tary  B.  F.  Tracy,  and  upon  his  left  the  Rev.  Dr. 
L.  T.  Chamberlain.  The  other  guests  at  the  table 
of  honor  included  Controller  Myers,  of  New- York; 
James  Rorke,  president  of  the  Irish  Emigrant 
Society;  ex-Mayors  Schroeder,  Booth,  Ho  well,  Low 
and  Whitney,  the  Eev.  Drs.  C.  H.  Hall.  L.  Wint- 
ner-  and  A.  J.  F.  Behrends,  B.  Peters,  St.  Clair 
McKelway,  Andrew  McLean,  the  Rev.  E.  W. 
McCarty,  D.  A.  Boody  and  John  McCarty. 

SOME,  OF  THOSE  PRESENT. 

Aldermen  Schlusser.  McGrath.  McKee.  Beard 
and  Murphy  presided  at  the  other  tables,  and 
among  those  who  sat  at  them  were  J.  S.  T. 
Stranahan,  Congressmen  W.  C.  Wallace.  Felix 
Campbell,  J.  M.  Clancy  and  T.  M.  Magner,  A.  D. 
Baird,  J.  F.  Knapp,  S.  V.  White,  David  A.  Baldwin, 
Henry  Hentz,  Darwin  R.  James,  Franklin-  Wood 
ruff,  Samuel  McLean.  Generals  A.  C.  Barnes  and 
James  McLeer.  Senators  O'Connor.  Pierce  and 
Worth,  Assemblymen  Aspinall,  Sperry,  McCann, 
Haggerty  and  Waper,  W.  J.  Kaiser.  Postmaster 
Hendrix.  Alden  S.  Swan.  Hugh  Mc- 
Laughlin,  Judges  Cullen,  Bartlett,  Pratt.  Moore, 
Dykman,  Barnard,  Clement  and  Van  Wyck,  the 
Rev.  Drs.  Talmage,  Cuyler,  Meredith,  McLeod, 
Abbott,  Ward,  Parker,  Keegan,  Ingersoll,  Kiely, 
Chad  wick,  Adams,  Kelly,  Fransioli,  Canfield,  Ken- 
dig,  Malone,  Eddy,  Davis,  McCullagh,  Sparger, 
Twing  and  Harrison;  W.  H.  Murtha,  General 
James  Jourdan,  G.  M.  Olcott,  Controller  Brinker- 
lioff,  John  Gibb,  W.  M.  Cole,  John  French,  H.  C. 
Bowen,  H.  W.  Maxwell,  J.  A.  Quintard,  W.  A. 


Furcy  H.  K.  Sheldon,  J.  H.  Burtis,  E.  R.  Ken 
nedy,  W.  B.  Kendall,  C.  D.  Wood,  E.  M  Pack 
ard,  John  C.  McGuire,  Jlalsey  Corwin,  A  F 
Jenks,  General  S.  L.  Woodford,  A.  W.  Tenney' 
C.  D  Rhinehart,  C.  A.  Barrow,  F.  E.  Pearsall, 
Dr.  J.  H.  Raymond,  Dr.  P.  H.  Kretszchmar, 
James  Kane,  J.  S.  Tighe,  William  Beppi,  G.  w! 
Anderson,  Charles  Pratt,  Dr.  T.  J.  Backus,  A.  D. 
Wheelock,  J.  W.  Birkett,  Ernst  Nathan,  John  A 
Nichols,  David  A  Baldwin,  John  G.  Jenkins! 
W.  B.  Leonard,  W.  H.  Hazzard,  I.  M.  Bon  J  A 
llalton,  Dr.  C  N  Iloagland,  E.  M.  Shepard  P.  c! 
Grening  Dr  S.  Fleet  Speir,  T.  H.  Rodman,  Gen- 
^raUH\P'  -K^ng'  Av^ir-  Osb°m,  Dr.  G.  R.  Fowler, 

£  if  Jan  Sot>  f  x9'  Hobbs*  T-  F"  ^ckson 
C.  H.  Russell,  C.  A.  Moore,  A.  J.  Newton,  N  J 
Gates,  Dr.  B.  Phillips,  Dr.  John  Griffin,  W  '  H' 
Ray,  P.  A.  White,  Henry  Batterman  and  N  T" 
Sprague. 

BEGINNING    THE    SPEECHES. 

The  courses  of  the  dinner  were  interspersed  with 
selections  of  music  by  the  13th  Regiment  band, 
led  by  F.  N.  Innes.  His  cornet  solos  were  ap 
plauded.  When  the  coffee  was  served  Mayor 
Chapin  opened  the  speech-making. 

The  first  toast  to  be  responded  to  was  "  The 
Day  We  Celebrate,"  and  to  this  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Chamberlain  was  assigned.  Secretary  Tracy  was 
called  on  for  a  speech,  but  only  bowed  his  thanks. 
"  The  United  States  of  America"  was  next  duly 
honored,  while  the  Rev.  Mr.  McCarty  answered 
for  "  Washington."  "  The  State  of  New-York" 
came  next,  and  then  "  The  Press,"  responded  to 
by  Bernard  Peters.  Andrew  McLean  answered  for 
"  Education"  ;  the  Rev.  Dr.  Behrends  replied  to  the 
toast  "  The  City  of  Brooklyn"  ;  St.  Clair  McKel 
way  to  "  The  Learned  Professions,"  while  David 

A.  Boody,  who  was  down  for  the  last  toast  on  the 
list,  answered  for  "  The  Commerce  of  Brooklyn." 

THE  CHIEF  JUSTICE  HONORED. 

TWO     OP     HIS     ASSOCIATES     OF     THE     SUPREME 

COURT  AND  MANY  PROMINENT  JUDGES 

AND      LAWYERS      PRESENT. 

The  rooms  of  the  Association  of  the  Ear  of  the  City 
of  New- York,  In  West  Twenty-ninth-st.,  were  filled  to 
overflowing  last  evening  on  the  occasion  of  the  recep 
tion  given  to  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States.  Of  the  Justices  of  that  court  three 
were  present— Chief  Justice  Melville  W.  Fuller  and 
Associate  Justices  Samuel  Blatchford  and  Stephten  J. 
Field.  On  their  arrival  they  were  escorted  to  the  west 
library,  where  Joseph  H.  Choate,  president  of  the  club, 
the  ex-president,  William  Allen  Butler,  James  C.  Car 
ter  and  other  members  of  the  reception  committee  pre 
sented  the  members  of  thte  club  and  their  guests  to  the 
jurists.  The  entire  building  was  thrown  open  for  the 
i-ec  option. 

An  hour  was  occupied  In  introducing  those  present 
to  the  visiting  judges,  and  then  all  marched  In 
procession  to  the  large  hall  In  which;  the  club  holds 
its  meetings,  where  the  reception  was  continued  amid 
feasting  and  the  popping  of  champagne  corks.  Ex- 
Justice  William  Strong,  formerly  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  stood  beside  the  Justices 
of  that  tribunal  now  on  thte  bench,  and  divided  with 
them  the  honors  of  the  occasion. 

Among  those  present  were  Justices  Lawrence, 
Patterson  and  Lewis,  of  the  New- York  Supreme  Court; 
Justices  Ingraham,  Freedman  and  O'Gorman,  of  th'e 
Superior  Court;  Surrogate  Ransom,  Chief  Justice 
McAdam,  of  the  City  Court;  Judge  Martlne,"  Judge 
Magio,  of  New- Jersey ;  Judges  Noah  Davis,  John  F. 
Dillon  and  Charles  A.  Peabody,  Frederic  R.  Coudert, 
ex-Surrogate  Daniel  G.  Rollins,Hamilton  Odell, Herbert 

B.  Turner,  Grover  Cleveland,  Senator  Frank  Hlscock, 
Elihu   Root,    Elbridge   T.    Gerry,    Colonel    Edward    C. 
James,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Marvin  R.  Vincent,  C.  C.  Beaman, 
Charles    W.    Bangs.    J.    Arthur   Barratt,    Mortimer   C. 
Addoms,  Dwlght  Olmsted,  Roswell  D.  Hatch,  Assistant 
District-Attorney  David  J.  Dean,  Charles  A.  Gardiner, 
Clifford   A.    Hand,   Thteron     G.     Strong,     Artemas     H. 
Holmes,    Theodore    W.    Dwlght,    Generals    James    M. 
Varnum  and  Joseph  C.  Jackson.  Lucien  Oudln,  William 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


B.  Hornblower,  Stephen  H.  Olin,  Francis  Lynde  Stet 
son,  General  Henry  E.  Tremain,  Cliailes  M.  Da  Costa, 
Silas  B.  Browuell,  Charles  H.  Butler,  ex-Judge  Gilbert 
M.  Speir,  Frederick  S.  \Vait,  Edwaitl  b.  Rapailo, 
Austen  G.  Fox,  Austin  Abbott,  United  States  District- 
Attorney  Stephen  A.  Walker,  John  E.  Parsons,  ex- 
Judge  William  G.  Choate,  Albon  P.  Man,  Cephas 
Bramerd,  Charles  B.  Alexander,  William  Mitchell  and 
Ernest  H.  Crosby. 

Letters  of  regret  were  received  from  Mayor  Grant, 
William  C.  Whitney,  Bancroft  Davis,  Chief  Justice 
Charles  H.  Van  Brunt  and  Justice  Morgan  J.  O'Brien, 
of  the  New- York  Supreme  Court;  Judge  George  M. 
Van  Hoesen,  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas;  Governor 
R.  C.  Taft,  of  Rhode  Island,  and  Richard  C.  McMurtrie. 
of  Philadelphia. 

REVIEWING  WASHINGTON'S  GREATNESS. 

THE    CEltEBHATION    BY   THE    NATIONAL,    PROVI 
DENT    UNION    AT    THE    METROPOLITAN 

OPERA  HOUSE. 

The  members  of  the  National  Provident  Union  in 
vited  their  friends  to  an  entertainment  given  last 
night  at  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House  in  commemo 
ration  of  the  centennial  of  Washington's  Inaugura 
tion.  The  society  had  held  two  previous  commemo 
rations  of  Washington's  Inauguration  with  success. 
The  Opera  House  presented  a  gay  appearance,  the 
decorations  used  at  the  Inauguration  ball  on  Monday 
night  remaining.  About  2,000  persons  were  pres 
ent,  and  on  the  platform  were  President  Edward  O. 
Bragdon,  George  G.  Barnard,  Grand  Regent  of  the 
Royal  Arcanum ;  George  Hart,  Grand  Treasurer  of  the 
American  Legion  of  Honor ;  E.  M.  L.  Ehiers,  Grand 
Secretary  F.  and  A.  M.  of  New- York  and  others. 

The  proceedings  were  opened  by  the  audience 
singing  the  National  hymn  "America,"  after  which) 
President  Bragdou  introduced  Congressman  William 
Warner,  of  Kansas  City,  as  chairman  of  the  meeting. 
Congressman  Warner  made  a  brief  address  and  intro 
duced  United  States  Senator  John  W.  Daniel,  of  Vir 
ginia,  as  the  orator. 

Senator  Daniel  was  received  with  loud  applause. 
He  reviewed  at  length  the  landing  and  inauguration 
of  Washington  in  this  city;  the  difficulties  experienced 
in  framing  the  Constitution  and  selecting  a  suitable 
title  lor  the  Executive ;  the  simplicity,  grandeur  and 
dignity  of  Washington's  character,  and  paid  high 
tributes  to  the  character  of  his  advisers,  Adams, 
Knoij  Steuben,  Hamilton  and  Chancellor  Livingston. 
He  said: 

The  wave  of  sound  of  that  Inauguration  has  not  died, 
and  a  century  afterward  the  voice  of  the  people,  from  the 
rising  of  the  sun  to  the  setting  thereof,  cries  out,  "Long 
live  the  memory  and  God  bless  the  name  of  George 
Washington."  He  pitied  the  poor,  loved  his  comrades, 
hated  a  tyrant,  he  spoke  little,  but  thought  much,  saved 
his  country,  worshipped  God,  died  in  peace  and  is  followed 
by  the  tears  and  kind  remembrances  and  admiration  of 
the  world. 

New-York  must  be  stirring.  Old  Virginia  is  not  now  mak 
ing  as  many  Presidents  as  she  used  to  do,  but  I  think,  if 
you  will  allow  me  to  say  it,  that  when  we  made  George 
Washington  we  made  a  good  one.  We  have  turned  over 
the  business  of  making  Presidents  and  Vice-Presidents  to 
New-York,  and  New-York  is  to  America  to-day  what 
America  Is  to  the  whole  world.  This  city  is  the  most 
liberal-thinking  city  in  the  worfd,  and  there  is  more  liberty 
to  the  square  inch  here  than  in  any  city  in  the  world. 

The  speaker  paid  a  high  compliment  to  the  ability 
of   the   President   and   Vice-President,    and   concluded 
by   delivering   a   glowing   eulogy   to   Washington   and  I 
the  government  and  country   he  founded.     The  pro-  ! 
gramme  contained  the  name  of  United  States  Senator  I 
Shelby  M.  Cullom,  of  Illinois,  as  one  of  the  speakers,   ! 
but  it  was  announced  that  the  Senator  was  unable  to 
be  present,   owing   to   sickness.      Vocal  selections   by 
Miss  Emily  Winant,  Mrs.  Gerrlt  Smith,  Miss  Gertrude 
I*   Wood  and  F.   F.   Powers,   and  instrumental  music 
by  the  New- York  Philharmonic  Club  and  Cappa's  7th 
Regiment  Band,  added  to  the  entertainment. 

TRADE  WITH  SOUTHERN  COUNTRIES. 

SPEECHES    AT    THE    DINNER    OF   THE,    SPANISH- 
AMERICAN   COMMERCIAL  UNION. 
The  first  dinner  of  the  Spanish-American  Commercial 
Union  was  eaten  last  night  In  the  flag-bedecked  ball 
room  ol  the  Hotel  Brunswick.      This  is  an  association 


of  merchants  formed  a  short  time  ago  for  the  promo 
tion  of  trade  with  Mexico,  Central  and  South  America, 
the  West  Indies  and  the  Philippine  Islands.  On  its 
roll  are  the  names  of  most  of  the  leading  merchants 
engaged  in  trade  with  the  countries  named.  Most  of 
Hie  members  were  present  last  nighr,  and  the  ques 
tions  at  issue  were  Informally  discussed.  John  W. 
Noble.  Secret  ary  of  the  Interior,  was  the  only  mem 
ber  of  the  Cabinet  who  was  present.  President  Harri 
son  had  been  invited,  but  sent  this  letter  of  regret : 

Executive  Mansion, 
Washington,   April  8    1889. 

S.    PEREZ    TIRANA,    Corresponding   Secretary,    New- 
York  City. 

My  Dear  Sir :  I  have  your  letter  of  the  5th  Inst. 
asking  me  to  be  present  at  a  public  dinner  to  be 
given  at  the  Brunswick  Hotel,  New-York,  on  the 
first  of  May  next,  by  the  Spanish-American  Com 
mercial  Union.  I  already  have  an  engagement  to  be 
in  New- York  on  the  29th  and  30th  of  April,  and  con 
sidering  the  present  condition  of  the  public  business 
it  would  be  impossible  lor  me  to  prolong  my  stay 
longer  than  the  two  days  named.  I  have  already 
indicated  to  a  company  of  gentlemen  who  recently 
met  In  your  city  my  interest  In  and  sympathy  with. 
tlie  objects  for  which  the  Spanish-American  Com 
mercial  Union  is  formed  and  regret  that  It  will  not 
be  in  my  power  to  accept  your  kind  invitation.  Very 
truly  yours,  BENJAMIN  HARRISON. 

Other  letters  of  regret  were  read  from  Vice-President 
Morton,  Secretary  Windom,  Postmaster-General  Wana- 
maker  and  others.  Mr.  Elaine  had  mailed  a  letter 
of  regret  to  the  Union,  but  it  had  not  been  received. 
Among  those  present  were  Colonel  William  L.  Strong, 
W.  E.  Curtis,  Thomas  J.  Jarvis,  Robert  Adams,  Jr., 
I.  M.  Hurtaclo,  John  W.  Foster,  Stephen  Preston, 
Secretary  Noble,  Warner  Miller,  G.  de  Weckherlin, 
Horace  Guzman,  Fernanda  Concha,  F.  G.  Pierre.  C. 
N.  Bliss,  W.  W.  WTatrous  R.  A.  C.  Smith,  Dr.  Luis 
A.  Barrett,  R.  Navarro,  S.  O.  Livingston,  Edward  L. 
Bartlett,  D.  A.  de  Luna,  E.  B.  Bartlett,  Justus  L. 
Bulkley,  General  John  Newton,  Clarence  Creighton, 
W.  D.  Guthrie,  S.  Percy  Trlana,  F.  E.  Alvary,  George 
W.  Carr,  Robert  Hewitt,  Henry  C.  Wells,  George  P. 
Flske.  A.  A.  Buell,  F.  E.  Canda,  C.  J.  Canda,  E. 
Boardsman,  Oswald  Jiminez,  F.  F.  Booth,  J.  Clark 
Curten,  C.  N.  Jordan,  C.  S.  Langdon,  A.  H.  Smith, 
William  E.  Peck,  Charles  H.  Requa,  J.  W.  Nagle,  J. 
R.  Espriella,  J.  M.  Munevc,  John  B.  Woodward,  W. 
H.  T.  Hughes,  William  P.  Clyde,  C.  C.  Shayne,  H. 
O.  Armour,  H.  K.  Thurber,  Erastus  Wiman,  John  F. 
Plummer,  Edward  Gogorza,  A.  S.  Roe,  Charles  B. 
Flint,  C.  H.  Loring,  U.  S.  N. ;  Richard  Poillon,  General 
George  S.  Field,  J.  Seaver  Page,  C.  J.  Berwind.  F.  W. 
J.  Hurst,  Thomas  J.  Hayward,  of  Baltimore ;  John  F. 
Gibbons,  of  Baltimore ;  Thomas  T.  Kirkwood,  of 
Chicago;  Augustus  D.  Sheppard,  H.  G.  Runkle  and 
W.  T.  Johnson. 

SECRETARY  NOBLE  BEGINS  THE  SPEAKING. 

President  J.  M.  Ceballos  presided.  An  elaborate 
menu  was  served,  after  which  thte  speakers  were  intro 
duced,  and  for  some  time  the  guests  enjoyed  an  In 
tellectual  treat  in  whtoh  some  enlightenment  was  given 
on  the  points  most  Interesting  to  those  present  Secre 
tary  Noble  Wias  the  first  speaker,  answering  to  "  The 
United  States."  He  was  frequently  interrupted  by  ap 
plause  and  at  the  end  was  loudly  cheered.  He  said  in 
part: 

We  should  give  our  encouragement  to  the  establish 
ment  of  steamship  lines ;  we  should  establish  rapid, 
safe  and  trustworthy  means  of  communication  between 
this  country  and  the  great  country  south  of  us.  We 
must  have  means  of  opening  up  the  trade  that  Is  only 
waiting  for  us  to  develop  it.  For  three  days  I  have 
been  looking  upon  the  greatest  spectacle  that  ever  was 
known  In  the  history  of  the  world.  I  don't  think  so 
much  of  the  great  naval  demonstration,  nor  do  I  care  to 
dwell  upon  the  great  military  parade  of  the  day  follow 
ing,  but  I  am  convinced  that  you  Indorse  what  I  say. 
that  I  do  consider  the  greatest  of  all  the  magnificent 
array  of  workmen  who  passed  before  you  to-day.  The 
first  two  are  mere  Incidents  In  the  protection  of  the 
latter.  I  cannot  point  out  to  you  the  vast  Influence 
that  your  brains  and  energy  can  have  upon  the  future 
of  that  great  body  of  workers.  It  remains  with  you  to 
develop  that  trade  -with,  the  Southern  part  of  the  Ameri 
can  Continent.  You  have  the  material  here  and  all 
that  Is  required  Is  a  means  of  developing  that  com 
merce. 

The  greatness  of  the  South!  cannot  be  comprehended. 
Commerce  Is  the  avenue  that  connects  one  nation 
with  another.  But  you  have  only  got  In  the  thin 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


ecd  of  the  wedge.  The  extent  of  the  territory  of 
Uia/il  can  scarcely  be  comprehtendcd,  and  she  has 
rivers  larger  than  our  own  Mississippi.  Her  mines 
have  a  wealth  far  in  excess  of  those  of  our  own 
country,  and  her  railroads  are  rapidly  extending  to  the 
great  mountains.  It  is  only  a  question  of  time,  a 
short  time,  whei  they  will  cross  them.  In  Peru,  Chill 
and  tlie  othter  nations  they  are  already  advancing  far 
on  the  highways  of  commerce.  They  expect  that  you 
will  meet  them  as  equals.  They  want  you  to  under, 
stand  that  their  Governments  are  organized,  -and  that 
their  people  are  patriotic,  and  that  you  should  deal 
with  th'em  as  nations  should  deal  with  each  other. 
It  is  a  happy  union,  this  meeting  of  us  together.  The 
flag  of  the  United  States  should  be  at  homo  In  the  ports 
of  South  America,  and  it  reets  with  you  to  make  that  a 
fact. 

DISCUSSING    NATIONAL    RELATIONS. 

Johin  W.  Foster,  ex-Minister  to  Spain,  was  the  next 
speaker.  He  held  that  protection  was  the  best 
policy  for  this  Government,  and  that  if  the  tariff 
system  was  to  be  maintained  it  should  be  exercised 
for  the  furtherance  of  our  foreign  commerce  In  Cen 
tral  and  South  American  countries.  He  believed  in 
reciprocal  treaties  with  these  countries,  and  th'ought 
that  American  steamship  companies  should  be  sub 
sidized  by  the  Government. 

Minister  Stephen  Preston,  of  Hayti,  made  some 
general  remarks  in  French  about  methods  for  Increasing 
trade  between  the  American  Nations.  "  The  Spanish- 
American  Commercial  Union"  was  the  toast  responded 
to  by  F.  G.  Pierra,  secretary  of  the  union.  He  spoke 
for  the  association,  telling  of  its  aims,  which  are  closer 
commercial  relations  between  South  America  and  the 
United  States. 

Warner  Miller  responded  to  "The  Union  of  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific."  He  was  received  with  much 
enthusiasm.  He  said  that  he  had  never  failed  to-  do 
all  In  his  power  to  bring  about  reciprocity  between 
the  United  States  and  the  Nations  of  the  South.  The 
association  had  done  well,  he  satf  to  put  "  Spanish" 
first  In  its  name,  and  explained  that  the  Spaniards  had 
organized  governments  in  South  America  before  the 
United  States  threw  off  the  shackles  of  monarchical 
rule^  Now_both  Americas  had  given  Europe  to  under 
stand  that  America  was  for  Americans.  This  was  an 
eminently  fitting  time,  the  beginning  of  the  second 
century  of  the  Nation,  for  some  of  the  best  blood  of 
the  nations  south  of  us  to  organize  a  union  for  such 
purposes  as  this  one.  He  believed  that  the  greatet 
good  would  accrue  to  both  sections  of  the  continent  If 
the  Nicaragua  Canal  scheme  were  carried  through. 
There  should  be  no  difficulty  in  accomplishing  this 
Improvement,  and  he  announced  that,  to>  his  mind,  the 
building  of  such  a  canal  would  be  worth  more  toward 
the  re-establishment  of  the  American  merchant  marine, 
and  consequent  closer  relations  with  South  America, 
than  $10,000,000  annually  paid  by  this  Government  in 
subsidies. 

William  E.  Curtis  was  the  next  speaker,  respond 
ing  to  "  Our  Manufacturing  Industries." 

DINNER  TO  AN  EX-PRESIDENT. 

GREETING  THE,  MEMBERS  OF  THE  OHIO  SOCIETY 

—SOME  OF  THOSE  PRESENT. 
Ex-President  Hayes  and  wife  and  the  Commissioners 
representing  the  State  of  Ohio  at  the  Centennial  Cele 
bration,  were  tendered  a  reception  last  night  by  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  W.  H.  Caldwelly  at  their  home  No.  5  WTest 
One-hundred-and- twenty- third-st  The  reception  was 
given  in  the  name  of  the  Ohio  Society,  of  which 
most  of  those  who  were  present  were  members,  and 
was  informal  In  character.  To  greet  their  guests  Mrs. 
Caldwell  had  invited  Wager  Swayne.  jr.,  of  the  New- 
York  branch  of  the  Ohio  Society ;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Carson 
Lake,  C.  C.  Shayne  and  wife,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  P. 
Peixotto,  George  D.  Peixotto,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Marvin  F. 
Wood,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  L.  S.  Howard,  Frank  Hardy,  Cap 
tain  H.  A.  Glassford.  General  Thomas  Ewing,  Captain 
Westervest,  and  James  S.  Burdett,  thte  humorist.  Out 
of  respect  to  Mrs.  Hayes  no  wine  was  served  at  the 
luncheon.  Mr.  Caldwell  made  a  brief  speech  on  behalf 
of  the  Ohio  Society,  New- York  Branch,  and  ex- 
President  Hayes  responded.  Among  the  other  guests 
were  General  Asa  H.  Bushnell  and  son.  of  Springfield, 
Ohio;  Adjutant-General  Axline.  of  Ohio;  Colonels 
Shirard  and  Wilson,  General  Jones  and  daughters. 
Colonel  Frost,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McClellan  and  Colonel 
M.  H  Neil. 


PRESIDENT  WASHINGTON. 


THE  BIETH  OF  THE  REPUBLIC. 

THIRTEEN  SOVEREIGNTIES  MAKE  A  NATION. 

THE  WORK   OF  THE   CONSTITUTIONAL  CONVEN 
TION-ONLY  WASHINGTON  COULD  BE 
PRESIDENT. 

When  Chancellor  Livingston,  placing  one  hand 

on  the  railing  of  the  balcony  of  the  old  Federal 

Hall,  and  lifting  the  other  high  above  him,  railed 

out  to  the  multitudes  in  the  streets  below,  "  Long 

Irve  George  Washington,  President  of  the  United 

I  States!"— a    long,    grand    shout    arose    from    ten 

thousand  patriotic  throats  and  the  first  act  of 

National  Government,  in  America  was  accomplished. 

I  All  day  long  the  people  gave  expression  to  their 

j  rejoicings.     All  day  long  bands  played  and  soldiers 

paraded,  cannon  boomed  and  bells  pealed  joyously. 

!  All  day  long  men  shook  each  other's  hands  and 

|  pledged  their  loyal  faith  to  the  new  Constitution 

and  to  the  noble  man,  foremost  among  them  all, 

whom  with  one  voice  the  whole  land  had  chosen 

as  its  first  Executive. 

But  there  were  many  jn  the  multitude  and  many 
throughout  the  now  united  country  whose  faces 
wore  an  anxious  and  ominous  aspect,  and  who 
shook  their  heads  doubtfully.  They  had  passed 
through  six  stormy  years  since  their  beaten  foes 
had  fled,  and  in  the  events  that  had  preceded  this 
day  of  grand  and  portentous  ceremony  they  had 
perceived  little  of  glory  and  less  of  promise  and 
hope.  Nor  were  they  certain  now  whether  the 
words  Livingston  had  spoken  were  words  of  ill  or 
happy  omen.  The  Constitution  had  not  been 
adopted  without  a  mighty  struggle.  Arrayed 
against  it  in  every  State  was  a  powerful  opposi 
tion  whose  patriotism  and  sincerity  were  beyond 
I  all  question.  Governor  Clinton  in  New-York; 
Patrick  Henry  and  Kichard  Henry  Lee  in  Virginia ; 
Elbridge  Gerry  in  Massachusetts;  Sumter  and 
Burke  in  South  Carolina;  Whitehill  and  Findley 
in  Pennsylvania ;  Wadsworth  in  Connecticut ; 
Atherton  in  New-Hampshire,  and  Chase,  Mercer 
and  Martin  in  Maryland,  were  some  of  the  valiant 
and  earnest  men  who  had  freely  offered  their  lives 
for  their  country's  defence,  but  who  stood  out  in 
violent  hostility  to  the  National  scheme  of  the 
Constitution.  They  were  not  impressed  with  the 
disasters  that  had  come  upon  the  land  in  the  effort 
to  preserve  harmony  among  thirteen  separate 
sovereignties  or  else  they  ascribed  such  evils  as 
they  were  compelled  to  acknowledge  to  other 
causes  than  the  feebleness  of  the  central  authority. 
It  is  not  heie  intended  to  go  into  the  philosophy 
of  the  situation  which  finally  resulted  in  the 
triumph  of  the  Federalists,  and  yet  it  would  be  a 
poor  account  of  the  events  now  about  to  be  cele 
brated  which  failed  to  attribute  them  to  the 
common  sense  of  the  common  people.  Those  were 
days  in  which  the  common  people  were  held  in 
small  esteem,  and  nothing  is  more  remarkable 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


than  the  part  they  took  in  the  establishment  of 
the  Government.  The  war  had  entailed  sacrifices 
which  even  the  lowliest  of  them  sorely  felt,  and 
they  were  bound  not  to  lose  by  internal  dissen 
sions  and  jealousies  the  prize  they  had  so  hardly 
won.  They  were  sensitive  to  the  sneers  and 
prophecies  of  their  enemies  who,  failing  to  sub 
due  them,  were  waiting  gleefully  expectant  of  the 
reign  of  discord.  They  were  not  long  in  per 
ceiving  that  anarchy  was  the  inevitable  end  of  a 
government  which  was  without  inherent  au 
thority,  which  rendered  the  greater  dependent 
upon  the  less,  which  possessed  no  function  nor 
the  right  to  create  one,  which  resolved  in  blind 
ness  and  decreed  in  impotence. 

Their  Congress,  whose  early  achievements  were 
so  magnificent,  the  Congress  that,  coming  to 
gether  as  a  sort  of  colonial  conference,  had  seized 
the  sovereign  power,  had  raised  and  equipped 
armies,  had  launched  navies  upon  the  sea,  had 
commissioned  generals,  had  sent  out  ambassadors, 
had  entered  into  treaties,  had  proclaimed  inde 
pendence,  had  formed  international  alliances,  had 
contracted  debts  and  levied  taxes,  and,  perform 
ing  all  the  highest  offices  of  supreme  power,  had 
brought  the  war  to  a  successful  end,  was  now 
fallen  into  pitiful  contempt.  All  its  glorious  deeds 
were  forgotten.  It  had  not  so  much  as  a  home; 
kicked  aboat  from  post  to  pillar,  its  authority 
defied,  its  promises  laughed  at,  its  recommenda 
tions  ignored,  it  had  become  the  butt  of  ridicule 
and  the  object  of  National,  disgust.  The  country 
was  oppressed  with  a  debt  for  which  provision 
was  neither  made  nor  possible.  The  Slates  were 
violating  treaties  to  which  the  whole  Nation  was 
committed.  Rebellions  were  breaking  out  here 
and  there,  which  no  authority  was  competent  to 
subdue.  Issues  of  paper  money  were  making 
havoc  with  commerce.  There  was  no  security 
against  foreign  invasion,  no  power  to  prevent  any 
of  the  States  from  provoking  war  with  other 
Powers,  or  with  each  other,  no  right  to  establish 
a  tariff,  to  collect  taxes,  to  declare  war,  to  conduct 
a  defence,  or  to  do  any  other  act  that  rendered 
the  States  liable  in  common  for  consequences  im 
portant  to  all.  The  very  sovereignties  for  which 
the  people  had  spilled  their  blood  and  spent  their 
treasure  were  become  the  rock  upon  which  all 
their  hopes,  all  their  ambitions,  were  being  slowly 
wrecked. 

To  such  men  as  Washington,  Franklin,  Hamil 
ton,  Adams  and  Madison  this  condition  of  affairs 
was  unendurable.  The  Articles  of  Confederation 
were  formed  in  1777,  and  were  entirely  sufficient 
so  long  as  the  parties  to  them  had  but  a  single 
end,  and  that  a  common  one— the  destruction  of  a 
common  enemy  and  the  wresting  from  him  of  a 
common  concession.  But,  that  end  accomplished, 
their  paths  diverged,  their  interests  conflicted,  and 
each  State,  jealous  of  its  own  rights,  anxious  for 
its  own  prosperity,  regarded  with  undisguised 
suspicion  all  schemes  of  union  that  denied  it  an 
unqualified  veto  of  whatever  legislation  it  might 
deem  objectionable.  They  did  not  deny  that  State 
sovereignty  permitted  to  the  edicts  of  Congress 
no  greater  value  than  attached  to  recommenda 
tions.  When  told  that  a  strong  central  Govern 


ment  was  impossible  under  such  a  conception  of 
State  rights,  they  serenely  made  answer  that  a 
strong  central  Government  was  precisely  what 
they  did  not  want.  WThen  warned  that  their  plan 
gave  Congress  no  power  o\  er  war  or  peace,  they 
promptly  replied  that  they  did  not  wish  to  be 
dragged  into  war  against  their  will,  nor  to  be 
forced  to  smother  their  just  resentment,  because 
other  States  were  not  aggrieved.  There  was  no 
way  to  argue  with  men  who  only  asked  to  be  let 
alone.  Franklin,  who  first  proposed  the  project 
of  colonial  union,  and  who,  now  an  octogenarian, 
held  the  office  of  President  of  Pennsylvania,  was 
in  utter  despair.  Washington,  retired  to  his  be 
loved  Mount  Vernon,  was  writing  letters  to  Hamil 
ton,  Knox  and  Lafayette,  full  of  grief  and  mis 
anthropy. 

At  last,  when  every  Slate  in  its  turn  had  hu 
miliated  Congress,  when  New-York,  repealing  its 
former  act  granting  the  revenues  of  its  port  to 
the  United  States,  now  set  up  a  Custom  House 
and  established  a  tariff  of  its  own,  when  an  open 
rebellion  broke  out  in  Massachusetts,  when  Ver 
mont  and  New-Hampshire  prepared  to  engage  each 
other  in  battle  over  a  disputed  boundary,  when 
the  resources  of  the  Federal  treasury  were  to  be 
expressed  in  pennies,  and  its  debts  in  millions  of 
dollars,  when  the  Army  began  to  show  signs  of 
mutiny,  when  paper  money  issued  by  all  the  States 
began  to  be  valued  at  so  much  the  pound,  when 
internal  commerce,  fettered  by  all  kinds  of  ex 
actions,  had  dwindled  away— at  last  the  people 
began  to  appreciate  what  the  matter  was.  The 
brilliant  leaders  of  Federalist  opinion  became  ag 
gressive,  and  boldly  proclaimed  that  State  sover 
eignty  was  a  dismal  fetich.  Hamilton  revived  his 
scheme  for  a  Constitutional  Convention,  first 
drafted  in  1783,  and  then  abandoned  for  want  of 
support.  State  after  State  declared  in  favor  of 
Virginia's  call  for  a  conference,  and  in  the  flowery 
month  of  May,  1787,  a  body  of  the  most  illustrious 
men  of  the  Nation,  men  who  had  served  in  Con 
gress  and  on  the  battlefield,  whose  talents  were 
conceded,  and  whose  character  was  established, 
representing  eleven  of  ihe  thirteen  warring  sov 
ereignties,  came  together  in  Philadelphia,  charged 
to  frame  a  Constitution  under  which  it  should  be 
possible  to  give  republican  and  confederated  gov 
ernment  a  fair  and  honest  trial. 

Upon  all  questions  relating  to  the  Executive— 
of  how  many  persons  it  should  consist,  how  it 
should  be  selected,  how  long  it  should  hold  office, 
with  what  powers  it  should  be  endowed— the  Con 
vention  was  in  the  nature  of  things  foredoomed 
to  the  liveliest  kind  of  debate.  But  there  were 
certain  men  present  who  knew  that  it  this  con. 
vention  failed  to  accomplish  the  work  it  had  been 
sent  to  do  no  other  would  be  possible,  and  union 
would  be  out  of  the  question.  There  were  the 
greatest  men  there— Franklin,  Washington,  Ham 
ilton,  Madison— and  they  never  once  permitted 
the  Convention  to  go  in  its  disputes  beyond  the 
point  from  which  the  voice  of  conciliation  and 
concession  could  not  recall  it. 

Washington's  words  in  the  Convention  were 
few,  always  spoken  at  critical  moments,  always 
and  instantly  effective.  He  had  now  reached  tho 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


point  in  his  career  when  his  countrymen  could  see 
nothing  in  him  that  was  not  beautiful  and  good, 
when  his  personal  enemies  had  all  dropped  into 
Merited  obscurity  or  had  obeyed  the  promptings 
of  their  better  nature  and  acknowledged  his  purity 
and  wisdom.  Ho  bore  himself  in  this  supreme 
eminence  with  that  same  dignity,  that  same  no 
bility  and  generosity  of  soul,  that  same  unyield 
ing  devotion  to  his  sense  of  duty  which  he  had 
shown  throughout  the  war.  These  qualities  had 
rendered,  him  in  danger  always  resolute  and  calm ; 
in  defeat  still  hopeful  and  ever  ready;  superior 
to  jealousies  and  bickerings;  never  resentful,  and 
when  victory  came,  modest  and  grateful  to  Heaven 
and  to  his  generous  country.  Washington's  great 
ness  was  not  merely  nor  chiefly  the  greatness 
of  a  resourceful  intellect.  It  was  in  the  highest 
sense  the  greatness  of  a  soul  that  knew  no  petty 
selfishness,  but  that,  given  over  to  the  service 
of  his  country,  was  ever  just,  slow  to  think  ill 
of  any  one,  quick  to  forgive,  utterly  unbending 
from  its  exalted  conception  of  the  right  and 
tireless  in  its  pursuit  of  what  it  esteemed  good 
for  the  common  welfare.  This  was  the  opinion 
entertained  of  him  by  his  contemporaries  left  for 
our  information  upon  a  thousand  records.  It 
explains  tht  remarkable  position  he  held  in  this 
historic  assembly,  It  explains  how,  divided  in  all 
else,  no  one  of  his  3,000,000  countrymen  so  much 
as  thought  of  any  other  Chief  Magistrate.  It  is 
the  necessary  conclusion  from  all  he  said  and  did 
and  it  remains  to-day,  as  it  will  remain  forever,  the 
judgment  of  all  the  world. 

Several  of  the  strongest  men  in  the  Convention 
were  opposed  to  Wilson's  motion  in  favor  of  a 
single  Executive.     Randolph  declared  that  "  unity 
in    the    Executive   is    the    foetus    of   monarchy," 
and  wanted  an  executive  board  composed  of  three 
members    from    each    of    three   divisions    of    the 
country,      geographically      described.        Sherman 
agreed  with  Wilson,  but  suggested  a  council  which 
should  have  both  restraining  and  coercive  powers 
over  the  Executive.     Wilson  protested  that  coun 
cils  of  this  sort  "  oftener  covered  venal  practices  ! 
than  prevented  them,"  and  on  June  4  his  motion  i 
prevailed,  seven  States  sustaining  it  against  Dela-  ! 
ware,   Maryland  and  New-York.     This  vote  was  i 
neve,r  reconsidered.     In  the  meanwhile  the  Execu 
tive  powers  had  been  defined,  though  somewhat 
vaguely.     He  was  authorized  to  "  carry  into  ef-  | 
feet  all  National  laws  and  to  appoint  to  all  offices 
not  otherwise  provided  for." 

Gouverneur  Morris,  one  of  the  most  accomplished  i 
of    the    Convention's    literary   men,    revised    the  i 
draft  of  the  Constitution,  being  one  of  a  committee  j 
of  five  to  whom  that  honorable  labor  was  confined. 
Their  report  underwent  some  further  revision,  and 
then,  on  September  15,  the  question  came  up  upon 
its  adoption  as  a  whole.     It  was  plain  that  a  ma 
jority  in  each  delegation  were  in  favor  of  adopt 
ing  it,  but  several  important  members  expressed 
dissatisfaction    and    moved    that    it    be    sent    to 
the   States   for   such   suggestions   as   they  might 
wish  to  make  and  then  referred  to  another  gen 
eral    convention.     Gerry,    of    Massachusetts,    and 
Randolph  and  Mason,  of  Virginia,  were  the  prin 


cipal  malcontents.     Mason,  who  had  done  so  much 
to  make  it  a  wise  and  noble  document,  still  saw 
behind  it  tin-  grim  shadow  of  a  throne.     Gerry's 
objections  were  numerous  and  trivial,  but  to  his 
mind  insuperable.     Randolph,  jealous  of  Madison, 
would  neither  candidly  oppose  nor  openly  favor. 
i    but  endeavored  to  dodge.     The  States,  however, 
negatived  Gerry's  motion  for  a  new  convention 
unanimously   and   then  as   unanimously  adopted 
|  the  Constitution  as  reported.     For  various  acci- 
j  dental  causes,  several  of  the  delegates  were  denied 
i  the  precious  boon  of  placing  their  signatures  under 
I  it,  but  only  these  three,    Gerry,    Randolph    and 
i  Mason,  positively  refused  to  sign. 

Washington,  full  of  happiness,  lost  no  time  in 
I  transmitting  to  Congress  his  report  as  President 
i  of  the  Convention,  together  with  a  copy  of  the 
1   Constitution,   and   Congress    prom  ply  sent   it   to 
I  the  State  Legislatures  requesting  that  they  summon 
conventions   of  the  people  to  act  upon  it.     The 
opposition  to  it  was  centred   in  Virginia,  New- 
York  and  Massachusetts,  and  its  most  dangerous 
foes  were  Patrick  Henry,  Governor  Clinton  and 
Elbridge   Gerry.     It  had  been   ordered   by   Con 
gress  that  upon  its  adoption  by  nine  States  its 
i    provisions    should    go    into    operation,    and    the 
National  Government   should   supersede   the   Con- 
j   federacy.     By  the  first  of  December    Delaware's 
I   convention  was  in  session,  and  on  December   3 
j  it    had    unanimously    adopted    the    Constitution. 
\  Ten  days  later  Pennsylvania,  by  a  vote  of  46  to 
23,  joined  hands  with  Delaware,  and  in  another 
!  week   New- Jersey   had   also    given    a    unanimous 
!  and   favorable   verdict.     Georgia    celebrated   the 
j   new  year  by  giving  another  unanimous  vote  in 
,   favor    of  the   new   charter   of   government,   and 
!    Connecticut  presently,  by  128  against  40,  came 
|   into  line.     The  obstructionists  had  succeeded  in 
;   working  up  a  powerful  party  by  this  time   and 
I    the    progress    of    the    country    toward    National 
:   Government   was   attended   with   enormous   diffi 
culties  everywhere.     All  kinds  of  ingenious  sug 
gestions  were  made  to  defeat  the  Constitution,  but 
its    friends    kept    constantly    before    the    public 
mind  the  alternatives— this  or  anarchy— and  one 
after  another  the  States  fell  into  line. 

The  battle  in  Massachusetts  went  nobly,  and 
lost  none  of  its  bitterness  because  Gerry  was 
;  disastrously  beaten  in  his  race  for  a  seat  in 
j  the  State  Convention.  John  Hancock  and  Samuel 
I  Adams  labored  like  Trojans  in  behalf  of  union, 
but  when  the  Convention  met  in  February  the 
Federalists  were  in  a  minority.  To  their  infinite 
tact,  discretion  and  patience  not  less  than  to 
their  logic  was  their  victory  due.  They  invited 
Gerry  upon  the  floor  and  greatly  mollified  him. 
They  explained  and  conceded.  They  showed  that 
tlie  Constitution  had  itself  provided  for  an 
orderly  method  of  amendment,  and,  by  agreeing 
to  recommend  to  the  first  Congress  several  addi 
tional  articles  in  the  nature  of  a  bill  of  rights, 
they  prevailed,  and  Massachusetts,  by  the  safer 
but  scant  majority  of  187  to  168,  declared  for 
union.  Quickly,  though  not  without  conflict, 
Maryland  and  South  Carolina  cast  their  lots  with 
the  Constitution.  In  the  former  State,  out  of 
seventy-five  delegates,  but  twelve  were  willing  to 
go  on  the  record  against  the  Constitution,  and  the 
adopting  vote  of  South  Carolina  was  149  to  73. 
The  personal  influence  of  that  grand  character 
John  Rutlcdge  was  supreme  in  South  Carolina. 

Eight  States  had  now  declared  in  favor  of  the 
Constitution,  and  but  one  more  was  needed  to 
enable  the  new  Government  to  organize.  All 
eyes  were  turned  upon  New-Hampshire  and  Vir 
ginia.  Their  conventions  both  met  in  June. 
In  Virginia  the  opposition  was  more  ably  led  than 
anywhere  else.  Washington,  whose  words  had 
been  quoted  as  of  the  highest  authority  in  every 
convention,  and  who  was  now  openly  referred 


98 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


to  everywhere  as  the  first  President,  labored  with 
the  greatest  diligence,  but  with  all  that  consider 
ation  for  the  feelings  of  those  who  differed  with 
him  for  which  he  was  distinguished,  and  no  one 
can  doubt  that  his  voice  meant  more  to  the  Vir 
ginians  than  the  voices  of  all  the  rest  combined. 
But  Henry,  more  eloquent,  more  dashing,  more 
brilliant  than  ever,  cut  and  slashed  at  the 
Constitution  as  if  it  had  been  another  Stamp 
Act.  Lee  was  subtler  in  his  work,  and  a  large 
part  of  the  opposition  was  of  his  creation.  Mas>on, 
whose  position  is  simply  inexplicable,  labored 
zealously  to  demolish  the  superb  structure  he 
had  had  such  a  large  and  honorable  part  in  build 
ing.  Randolph,  however,  began  again  to  veer 
around.  The  Governor  was  now  at  the  very 
height  of  his  popularity  and  influence,  handsome, 
genial,  magnetic.  He  came  home  from  Phila 
delphia  opposed  to  the  Constitution,  and  ugly 
toward  Madison,  but  Madison  soon  brought  him 
around  to  the  Constitution.  Monroe  had  attached 
himself  to  the  opposition,  and  was  working  dili 
gently,  as  he  called  it,  "  to  defend  the  liberty 
of  the  people."  Monroe  had  read  law  under 
Jefferson.  Few  men  came  from  under  the  in 
fluence  of  that  intense  democrat  favorably  dis 
posed  toward  a  strong  government. 

When  the  State  Convention  met,  Henry  at 
once  charged  full  tilt  at  the  Constitution.  He 
dissected  it  mercilessly.  He  tore  it  to  shreds. 
With  his  pitiless  cynicism  he  proved  in  one  breath 
that  it  was  a  meaningless  array  of  empty  words, 
and  in  the  next  that  it  would  be  sure  to  prove 
as  the  tyrant's  gateway  to  despotic  power.  Madi 
son's  speeches  in  reply  are  marvels  of  logic  and 
eloquence,  and  among  the  ablest  expositions 
of  the  Constitution  in  existence.  Henry  went 
so  far  as  to  declare  that,  old  as  he  was,  he  might 
yet  draw  down  himself  the  appellation  of  rebel, 
whereupon  a  delegate  significantly  hinted  that 
the  new  Constitution  had  not  omitted  to  define 
the  crime  of  treason.  Henry's  better  nature, 
however,  which  was  always  very  near  the  sur 
face,  and  sure  to  break  forth  sooner  or  later,  was 
profoundly  touched  by  the  question  of  Innes : 
"  The  gentleman  says  he  speaks  as  a  Virginian. 
Sir,  we  have  heard  much  from  him  of  Virginia, 
her  needs  and  wishes,  and  God  knows  none  has 
a  better  right  to  speak  for  her  than  he.  But 
[  well  recall  the  moment  when  he  opened  the 
first  assembly  of  the  States  ever  brought  together 
with  the  prophetic  words,  '  I  am  not  a  Virginian — 
I  am  an  American.'  Sir,  the  time  has  not  gone 
by  when  we  love  to  hear  his  eloquent  voice 
speaking  for  us  as  Americans.  Was  it  as  a 
Virginian  or  as  an  American  that  he  warned  the 
tyrant  king  to  beware  of  the  fate  of  Caesar  and 
of  Charles  ?  Was  it  as  a  Virginian  or  as  an 
American  that  he  cried  in  tones  that  rang  out 
from  Massachusetts  Bay  to  Georgia,  '  I  know 
not  what  course  others  may  take,  but  as  for 
me,  give  me  liberty  or  give  me  death!'"  The 
noble  soul  of  Henry  was  not  proof  against  such 
appeals  as  this.  He  was  profoundly  touched. 
"  If  I  am  in  the  minority,"  he  said,  "  my  head, 
my  heart  and  my  hand  will  still  think  and  beat 
and  do  for  my  country."  And  then  the  vote  was 
taken,  and  by  89  to  79  the  convention  declared 
for  the  Constitution  and  the  Union.  Monroe 
promptly  -wrote  to  Jefferson,  "  Be  assured,  Wash 
ington's  influence  carried  the  day."  Madison  had 
fondly  hoped  that  to  Virginia  might  fall  the 
honor  of  being  the  ninth  State  to  adopt  the 
Constitution.  But  on  June  24,  four  days  before 
the  convention  at  Richmond  had  come  to  a  vote, 
New-Hampshire  had  spoken  the  words  that  made 
a  united  Nation  of  a  none  too  harmonious  sister 
hood. 

Congrcvss  acted  at  once  upon  receiving  the 
official  intelligence  of  what  the  States  had  done 
and  a  resolution  was  passed  appointing  the  first 
Wednesday  of  January  as  the  time  for  the  elec 
tion  of  the  new  Congress,  and  of  tho  Electoral 
College ;  the  first  Wednesday  of  February  for 


the  College  to  meet  and  choose  the  new  Executive, 

and  the  first  Wednesday  of  March  as  the  time 

!   and  New-York  City  as  tne  place  for  the  meeting 

!   of   Congress    and   the   inauguration    of   the    first 

President. 

In  the  meantime  New-York  had  spoken.  Clin 
ton,  in  transmitting  to  the  Legislature  of  1788  a 
copy  of  the  Constitution,  was  grimly  silent.  He 
had  nothing  to  recommend.  The  Legislature 
waited  throe  weeks,  but  no  word  coming  from  the 
Governor,  Egbert  Benson  moved  that  a  Convention 
be  summoned.  Immediately  the  Governor's  strong 
but  silent  hand  was  felt  and  a  formidable  opposi 
tion  sprang  up.  Benson's  motion  prevailed  in  the 
House  by  but  two  votes,  and  in  the  Senate  by 
but  one,  and  in  spite  of  all  the  Nationalists  could 
do  the  meeting  of  the  Convention  was  delayed 
until  June  17,  when,  it  was  thought,  the  Vir 
ginia  opposition  would  have  effected  its  purpose. 
Hamilton  had  not  been  idle  a  moment  since  he 
left  Philadelphia.  With  Jay  and  the  tireless 
Madison,  he  had  issued  a  series  of  papers  over 
the  signature  of  "  The  Federalist,"  explaining  the 
need  of  a  central  and  supreme  National  Govern 
ment,  commenting  upon  the  Constitution  and  mak 
ing  its  excellencies  clear.  These  papers  had 
exerted  a  profound  influence  for  the  National 
cause  in  every  State,  but  in  New-York  they  had 
built  up  a  sentiment  which  Clinton  did  not,  dare 
ignore.  In  New-York  City  they  had  practically 
solidified  public  opinion,  and  Clinton  feared,  with 
only  too  much  reason,  that  if  the  Convention 
should  reject  the  Constitution  the  lower  part  of 
the  State  would  secede  and  leave  him  with  but 
a  barren  victory.  He  was  made  president  of  the 
Convention,  and  to  Yatos,  Lansing,  Samuel  Jones, 
the  leader  of  the  New-York  bar,  and  Melancthon 
Smith  was  committed  the  task  of  leading  the 
opposition  on  the  floor.  Jay,  Secretary  of  State 
under  the  Confederacy;  Robert  R.  Livingston, 
Chancellor  of  New-York;  Chief-Justice  Morris,  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  Duane  and  Hamilton  were 
the  Federal  leaders. 

Livingston  opened  the  debate  in  an  address  of 
great  power.  Lansing  and  Smith  followed,  put 
ting  with  all  possible  force  all  the  objections 
which  had  ever  been  urged.  Clinton  took  the 
floor  and  made  a  rather  bitter  speech  directly 
aimed  at  Hamilton,  and  the  great  Federalist  at 
once  replied.  Hamilton  was  now  thirty-one  years 
old,  and  his  splendid  genius  had  made  him  the 
glory  of  his  city,  its  pride  and  its  hope.  His 
address  was  in  every  way  admirable.  lie 
delivered  it  under  unfavoring  conditions.  He  was 
almost  ill,  and  the  House  he  talked  to  was 
hostile  and  sullen.  But  he  cared  for  none  of 
this.  He  began  with  a  panegyric  upon  liberty. 
Then  he  showed  how  easily  and  naturally  the 
States  had  grown  apprehensive  of  authority  and 
jealous  of  the  freedom  they  had  achieved  at  so 
great  _  a  sacrifice.  But  he  explained  the 
necessity  of  a  Government  capable  of  redncing 
irregular  and  local  propensities  into  a  permanent 
and  National  system,  lie  analyzed  the  Constitu 
tion,  and,  without  wasting  his  resources  in  rhe 
torical  flourishes,  he  then  and  there,  before  the 
eyes  of  his  audience,  set  in  motion  the  simple  and 
powerful  engine  of  government  he  had  helped  to 
construct  and  pointed  out  its  perfections.  The 
Convention  was  in  session  for  more  than  a  month. 
New-ITarnpshire  and  Virginia  had  each  declared 
for  union.  New-York  City  was  wild  with  im 
patience,  and  Clinton's  resolution  began  to  fail 
him.  At  last,  upon  Hamilton's  consenting  to  join 
him  in  recommending  to  the  States  another  Na 
tional  Convention,  he  withdrew  a  measure  of  his 
opposition,  and,  by  a  vote  of  thirty  to  twenty-five, 
the  Constitution  was  r.d opted.  This  result  ended 
all  further  protest  throughout  the  country.  New- 
York  City  indulged  itself  in  a  demonstration  in 
honor  of  Hamilton,  in  which  its  foremost  citizens 
took  part.  It  marched  in  ten  divisions,  and  in  its 
ranks  were  such  men  as  John  Lawrence,  Robert 
Tronp,  Noah  Webster,  the  lexicographer;  Josiah 
Ogden  Hoffmnn,  John  Broome  and  William  Laight. 
Hamilton's  day  of  supreme  triumph  had  come. 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


99 


II. 


YOUNG  NEW-YORK. 


THE  CITY   AND  ITS  PEOPLiE  IN   APRIL,  '89. 


A       CIRCUMFERENCE       OF       FOUR       MILES— THE 
WEALTH    AND   FASHION  OF  THE   PERIOD. 

In  1789  Manhattan  Island  beyond  Chambers- 
st.,  onward  to  the  Bronx,  was  little  else  than  a 
wilderness.  Between  Chambers-st.  and  the  Bat 
tery,  and  from  river  to  river,  as  many  as  25,000 
people  lived  and  toiled  and  warred  together. 
James  Duane,  who  was  not  unwilling  to  have 
people  believe  that  an  ancestor  of  his  was  called 
by  the  tongue-stirring  name  of  O'Dubhaine,  and, 
as  the  King  of  Meath,  personally  cut  off  the  heads 
of  all  the  rest  of  the  kings  in  Ireland— James 
Duane  was  Mayor.  He  was  rich,  renowned  as  a 
lawyer,  with  a  fine  record  behind  him  and  a  useful 
future  before  him.  The  city  was  divided  into 
wards,  not  numbered,  but  named.  The  South 
Ward  extended  from  the  Battery  along  the  Hud 
son  to  Wall-st.,  the  dividing  line  between  it  and 
the  Dock  Ward,  which  ran  along  the  East  River 
to  Hanover  Squore,  being  Broad-st.  The  West 
Ward  incladed  all  the  city  west  of  Broadway,  from 
Wall-st.  to  Chambers-st.  The  North  Ward  lay 
east  of  Broadway,  west  of  William-st.  and  north 
of  Wall,  and  ran  up  to  the  fresh  water  pond  called 
the  Collect,  which,  clear,  deep  and  pure,  covered 
several  acres  of  ground  where  the  Tombs  Prison 
now  stands  and  supplied  the  city  with  water 
pumped  from  the  famous  Tea-Water  Pump,  that 
stood  nut  far  from  the  spot  where  Roosevelt-st. 
runs  into  Chatham.  The  East  Ward  included 
Hanover  Square,  and  ran  north  to  Crown-st., 
which  wo  prefer  to  call  Liberty-st.  now,  and  Mont- 
gomeries  Ward,  bounded  by  William-st.  on  the 
west  and  by  the  rifer  on  the  east,  ran  north  to 
Roosevelt-st.  and  the  Tea-Water  Pump.  All  that 
part  of  the  city  beyond  the  Tea-Water  Pump  was 
described  under  the  general  name  of  Out  Ward. 
What  is  Pearl-st.  now  was  Queen-st.  then,  at 
least  until  it  ran  into  Hanover  Square.  Below 
the  square  the  people  of  that  day  called  it  Dock 
et.,  only  that  single  block  which  fronted  on  the 
Battery  being  known  by  the  name  that  is  given 
to-day  to  the  entire  length  of  that  ancient  thor 
oughfare.  In  the  old  Dutch  times  it  was  a  cow- 
path  leading  out  from  the  city  wall  still  called 
to  mind  by  the  name  of  that  narrow  length  of 
street  which  now  contains  many  of  the  strongest 
financial  institutions  of  the  world.  The  cows  of 
cur  Dutch  fathers  laid  out  Pearl-st.  on  their  way 
to  Beekman's  Meadows,  below  the  Collect  Pond, 
where  they  had  their  pasturage,  and  they  took 
this  circular  route  to  escape  the  big  hills  that  rose 
on  either  side  of  the  depression  still  known  as 
u  The  Swamp."  The  most  northerly  of  these  ele 
vations  was  just  above  Frankfort-st.,  and  until  the 
beginning  of  the  present  century,  when  it  began 
to  be  levelled,  it  was  called  Cow  Foot  Hill. 

A  ramble  of  less  than  four  miles  in  1789  would 
take  one  aiound  the  entire  circumference  of  the 
city,  which  ran  along  the  Hudson  for  less  than  one 


mile  and  along  the  East  River  less  than  two. 
The  residents  in  Broadway  and  in  Queen-st.  had 
garJens  extending  to  the  water-fronts,  where 
many  of  them  kept  private  docks,  and  where  quite 
a  fleet  of  cat-boats  could  be  seen  floating  at  an 
chor  or  drawn  up  on  the  shore.  Broadway  and 
Wall-st.  were  the  chief  centres  of  wealth  and 
fashion,  though  the  founders  of  houses  whose  de- 
^cendi  nts  are  to-day  conspicuous  among  the  leaders 
of  New-York  society  then  lived,  usually  over  their 
places  of  business,  in  the  little  side  streets  around 
Hanover  Square.  The  Livingston  house  were  in 
Wall-st.,  wLere  Alexander  Hamilton,  Robert 
Troup,  Daniel  C.  Verplanck,  Nicholas  Low  and 
the  Bleeders  also  had  their  homes.  Nicholas 
Cruger  lived  in  Duke-st.,  now  part  of  Stone,  a 
five-minute  walk  from  his  great  wharves.  The 
Bownes  and  the  Brevoorts,  Samuel  Franklin,  who 
gave  his  name  to  Franklin  Square,  Robert  Lenox, 
Robert  G.  Livingston,  Effinsham  Lawrence,  John 
Murray,  jr.,  and  Colonel  Scriba  all  lived  in  Queen- 
st.  The  Brooraes  and  the  Barclays,  old  Peter 
Goelet  and  George  McEvers  largely  monopolized 
Hanover  Square.  The  Rhinelanders  lived  in 
Water-st.  Aaron  Burr,  thirty-three  years  old,  a 
colonel,  the  Inspector-General  of  New-York-  and 
about  to  become  a  United  States  Senator,  was 
practising  law  at  No.  10  Little  Queen-st,,  now 
known  as  Cedar-st.  Already  he  and  Hamilton 
were  rivals  at  the  bar,  and  already  he  had  estab 
lished  a  reputation  for  exalted  talents  and  un 
fathomable  meanness.  Rufus  King,  younger  even 
than  Burr,  was  lining  at  Maiden  Lane  and  Will 
iam-st.,  with  his  father-in-law,  John  Alsop.  His 
bride,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  women  of  the 
epoch,  dark,  tall  and  graceful,  equipped  with  an 
education  altogether  unusual  and  native  accom- 
plishments  of  a  high  order,  received  much  at 
tention,  and  was  honored  with  singular  marks  of 
Lady  Washington's  regard.  Colonel  Duer,  soon 
to  be  Hamilton's  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treas 
ury,  a  native  Englishman,  a  favorite  of  Lord 
Clive  in  India,  but,  from  his  earliest  residence  in 
America  a  warm  and  true-hearted  patriot,  lived 
with  his  homely  but  brilliant  wife,  the  Lady 
KJtty,  in  Broadway,  just  opposite  St.  Paul's. 
Lady  Kitty  Duer  was  the  daughter  of  Lord  Stir 
ling.  She  and  her  sister,  Lady  Mary  Watts,  were 
cousins  of  Mrs.  Jay,  who  was  a  Livingston.  Chan 
cellor  Livingston's  home  was  at  No.  51  Queen-st^ 
and  it  was  the  centre  of  the  most  delightful 
social  circle  in  the  city.  His  wonderful  mother 
and  his  superb  sisters  entertained  here  with  the 
largest  sort  of  liber ility.  Their  drawing-re  om 
was  filled  almost  nightly  with  literary  and  artistio 
people.  In  the  ordinary  sense  of  the  term,  it  wns 
not  an  "  exclusive"  drawing-room.  It  was  open 
to  all  whose  ability  and  character  had  been 
demonstrated. 

Gerard  Beekman  was  back  in  his  magnificent 
home  in  Hanover  Square,  from  which  the  British 
had  so  long  exiled  him,  where  Admiral  Digby  had 
lived  in  almost  royal  state  and  had  entertained 
youthful  Majesty.  Here  Prince  William,  on  a 
visit  to  the  King's  American  dominions,  had  danced 
minuets  with  a  certain  sweet  little  Tory  maiden 
whose  portrait,  probably  in  a  grandame's  cap, 


100 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


the  present  De  Peysters  may  be  able  to  show  you, 
to  whom  he  lost  his  royal  heart  and  from  whom 
the  discreet  old  admiral  bore  him  away  in  a  hurry. 
In  Wall-st.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jay  entertained  lavishly  j 
and  with  much   of   the    ceremony  they  had  ac-  | 
quired  from  long  official  residences  in  Paris  and  j 
Madrid.     Not  far  from  them  lived  the  Secretary 
of  War,  General  Knox,  in  one  of  the  largest  and  j 
handsomest  of  houses,  where,  with  the  charming  ! 
wife  he  had  captured  from  a  Tory  home,  he  enter-  | 
tained   munificently    upon   the   fortune   acquired 
before  he  left  the  counting-room  for  the  camp.  | 
Across  the  street  from  the  War  Secretary's  house  I 
was    another,    scarcely    less    conspicuous    in    the  \ 
fashionable    world,    where    Sir    John    and    Lady 
Temple  gave  brilliant  dinners  twice  a  month  and  • 
received  every  Tuesday  from  October  until  Lent. 
Lady    Temple    was    the    daughter    of    Governor 
Bowdoin,     of    Massachusetts.        In    Kip-st.,    the 
Nassau-st.    of  to-day,  and  just  beyond   King-st.,  \ 
which  we  now  call  Pine,   lived  the  Mayor,  Mr.  | 
Duane,  in  great  state  and  affluence.     His  wife  was  j 
a  Livingston,  and  a  woman  of  rare  social  talent,  j 
Ki chard  Varick,  for  thirty  years  Recorder  of  the  j 
city,    with    his    wife,    formerly    Miss   Roosevelt,  j 
lived  in  Dock-st.,  below  Hanover  Square. 

Two  of  the  finest  houses  of  this  period  were  the  j 
Kennedy  mansion  and  the  home  of  Colonel  Wai-  j 
ton.  The  site  of  the  Kennedy  house,  which  re-  | 
mained  standing  until  a  few  years  ago  as  the  "  Old  j 
Washington  Hotel,"  was  at  No.  1  Broadway,  | 
where  the  Field  Building  now  towers  aloft.  More  I 
(memories  associated  with  events  which  ar€ 
fastened  immutably  in  history  are  attached  t« 
this  ancient  spot  than  to  any  other  on  Manhattan 
Island.  The  Kennedy  house  was  built  by  Captain 
Archibald  Kennedy,  of  the  British  Navy,  who 
afterward  succeeded  to  the  titles  and  estates  of 
the  Earl  of  Cassilio.  Captain  Kennedy  married 
Ann  Watts,  a  daughter  of  John  Watts,  the  Tory, 
and  settling  here,  expected  to  make  this  house, 
then  a  veritable  place,  his  permanent  home.  As 
well  by  reason  of  its  situation  as  of  its  size  and 
comfortable  interior,  it  became,  during  the  war, 
the  headquarters  of  each  commander  successively. 
When  Washington  sent  Lee  to  examine  the  de 
fences  of  New-York  in  1775,  it  was  here  that  Lee 
found  it  convenient  to  stop.  Here  Putnam,  till 
he  was  driven  up  into  Westchester  County,  made 
himself  as  easy  as  might  be.  Here  Washington 
himself  stopped  awhile  before  the  capture  of  the  j 
city  by  Howe  and  Clinton.  Here  each  of  these 
Royalist  commanders  successively  lived  and  held 
Tory  court  for  Tory  partisans.  ILere,  at  one  time 
or  another,  Admiral  Howe  and  Cornwallis,  and 
Lord  Clinton  and  Lord  Rawdon,  and  Sir  Guy 
Carieton  carved  out  the  honorless  destinies  of 
His  Majesty's  armies  in  America.  Here  Andre 
hatched  the  plot  for  which  he  paid  the  just  and 
useful  penalty.  Here  his  dastardly  accomplice 
was  received  and  paid  off,  and  here  he  narrowly 
escaped  the  avenging  clutches  of  Major  Champe. 
Here  pretty  Margaret  Moncrieffe  made  love  to 
Aaron  Burr,  and  with  her  lovely  face  and  her 
Tory  heart,  the  wonder  is  she  didn't  make  an 
Arnold  of  him,  too.  Here  the  Baroness  De  j 


Rcidesel  was  courted  by  all  who  knew  her,  the 
queen  of  beauty  and  song.  The  Kennedy  house 
remained  for  over  a  century  in  the  Do  Peyster 
family,  to  whom  it  descended  directly  from  Ann 
Watts.  The  De  Peysters  of  that  day  were  living 
in  Queen-st.,  near  Cedar,  and  their  house  was 
Washington's  first  headquarters  in  New- York. 

The  Waltons,  like  most  members  of  the  Watts 
and  De  Peyster  families,  were  Royalists.  Colonel 
Walton  was  rich  and  conservative.  He  had  been 
getting  along  very  well  under  the  rule  of  a  foreign 
despot  and  he  was  opposed  to  changes.  They  had 
a  disturbing  influence  on  business.  His  mansion 
in  Pearl-st.,  at  Franklin  Square,  was  built  in 
1754,  and  everybody  told  him  he  was  crazy  to 
build  so  far  out  of  town.  His  marble  entrances, 
his  imported  tiles,  his  mahogany  stairways,  his 
great  apartments  finished  in  panelled  oak,  his 
decorated  walls  and  his  yellow  bricks  were  the 
wonder  and  envy  of  the  whole  city.  He  gave 
sumptuous  entertainments  here  which  spread  his 
fame  abroad,  and  were  quoted  in  Parliament  in 
support  of  the  Stamp  Act.  The  site  of  the  Astor 
House,  a  century  ago,  was  covered  by  the  houses 
of  the  Rutherfords  and  the  Axtells.  Mrs.  Axtell 
was  a  De  Peyster,  queenly  and  beautiful,  and  de 
voted  to  the  King.  Their  house,  together  with 
the  properties  of  John  Watts,  Stephen  De  Peyster, 
Oliver  De  Lancey,  Roger  Morris,  Beverly  Robin- 
son,  Robert  Bayard  and  many  other  Tory  sym 
pathizers,  was  sold  at  auction  under  the  Con- 
fiscation  act. 

The  natural  formations  of  the  island's  surface 
were  much  more  distinct  a  century  ago  than  they 
are  now.  There  was  a  series  of  high  hills  ex- 
tending  from  the  Harlem  with  various  inter- 
ruptions  almost  down  to  the  Battery.  The  ridge 
that  the  Dutch  called  Flaten  Barrack  Hill  rose 
just  above  Bowling  Green  ^on  the  east  side  of 
Broadway  and  ran  up  as  far  as  the  site  of  the  old 
Presbyterian  church  in  Wall-st.  This  was  one 
of  the  most  ancient  of  religious  structures,  having 
first  been  built  in  1619.  It  was  rebuilt  in  1748 
of  massive  stone,  crowned  with  a  cupola  and 
provided  with  a  bell.  Some  years  ago  it  was  re 
moved,  stone  by  stone,  t»«  a  site  in  Jersey  City. 
It  stood  on  the  north  side  of  Wall-st.,  about  op 
posite  the  Stock  Exchange.  Below  Smith-st., 
included  now  in  William-st.,  and  extending  from 
Wall-st.  to  Maiden  Lane,  there  was  another 
eminence  called  the  Pott  Bakers'  Hill.  Beyond 
that  came  Rutgers  Hill  and  Golden  Hill,  at  the 
foot  of  which  lay  the  Swamp.  These  were  con 
siderable  elevations  then,  though  they  are  now 
little  more  than  ground  swells.  The  City  Hall 
Park,  then  called  the  Fields,  or  the  Commons,  con 
tained  three  public  buildings.  They  stood  about 
opposite  Murray-st.  The  first,  fronting  on  the 
Commons,  but  with  its  side  elevation  on  Broad 
way,  or  Great  George-st.,  as  this  thoroughfare  was 
called  above  the  Commons,  was  the  old  Bride 
well,  forerunner  of  the  Tombs.  Then  came  the 
city  almshouse,  and  then  the  prison  for  hardened 
criminals.  The  plot  of  ground  now  occupied  by 
the  Stewart  Building  was  the  negro  burying 
ground.  The  block  bounded  by  Murray-st.  on 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENAItY. 


the  north,  Barclay  on  the  south,  Chapel  on  the 
west,  and  Church  on  the  east,  was  the  seat  of 
Columbia  College.  It  hud  already  been  in  ex 
istence  thirty-five  years.  When  it  was  building 
an  English  visitor  wrote  home  his  amazement 
that  "  people  could  have  been  found  foolish  enough 
to  build  the  college  at  such  a  distance  from  the 
furthest  limits  to  which  the  city  could  by  any 
possibility  extend  I" 

Fort  George,  detested  by  every  patriot,  had 
been  standing  until  1788  on  the  block  bounded  Dy 
State,  Bridge  and  Whitehall  sts.  The  people  had 
concluded  they  were  without  further  use  for  it 
and  by  order  of  the  Mayor  and  Common  Council 
it  was  torn  down,  and  already  the  foundations 
were  being  laid  for  a  magnificent  mansion  in 
tended  for  the  occupancy  of  the  first  President. 
It  could  not  be  finished  in  time,  however,  and 
when  it  was  finally  in  condition  for  occupancy 
it  began  to  be  doubtful  whether  New- York  would 
remain  the  National  Capital.  It  never  served  the 
purpose  for  which  it  was  built.  Until  the  State 
capital  was  removed  to  Albany,  however,  it  was 
uesd  as  the  Governor's  residence.  Then  the  United 
States  Government  converted  it  into  the  Custom 
House,  for  which  it  served  until  1815. 

For  a  period  of  at  least  twenty-five  years  before 
the  Revolution,   New-York  had  enjoyed  uninter 
rupted  prosperity,  her  population  increasing  by  a 
multitude  every  year.     She  waa  gradually  taking 
her  destined  place  foremost  of  all  the  American 
cities,  and  that  she  must  soon  come  to  occupy 
such   a   relation    to   the   continent   few   doubted. 
Her  wealth  made  her  a  rich  prize  for  the  British 
and  they  «lid  not  hesitate  to  avail  themselves  of 
all  the  booty  they  could  get  hold  of.     The  city  was 
full  of  handsome  houses,   built  mainly  of  yellow 
brick,  with  tiled  roofs  and  spacious  gardens.     The 
British    officers    did    not   hesitate    to   appropriate 
these  to  their  own  uses,  while  the  "  rebel"  owners 
of  them  languished  in  exile  or  starved  in  orison. 
The  invaders  left  the  citv  in  a  wretched  condition, 
many  of  its  best  houses  in   ruins,   its   churches 
converted  by  disease  into  pest-houses,  its  streets 
impassable.     The    returning    patriots    took    on    a 
brave  heart  and  a  bold  face,  and  in  the  course 
of    three   years    they   had    re-created    New- York. 
Houses   began   to   spring   up   everywhere.        New 
streets  were  opened.  Town  lots  in  Broadway  sold  for 
$25  in  1789,  and  the  low  price  attracted  many 
purchasers.  At  the  date  of  the  Inauguration  society 
had  resumed  its  natural  conditions,  and  a  pros 
perous  commerce  had  been  built  up.     The  farms 
above    Chambers-st.    were   being   tilled    to    great  f 
advantage,  and  many  of  the  old  country  houses,    ! 
repaired  and  refurnished,   became  during  Wash-  i 
ington's    Administration    centres    of    social    and 
political  influence.     All  the  very  wealthy  people 
of  that  day,  Walton,  Kipp,  Rutgers,  Stuyvesant,  | 
Lispenard,   Morris,   Wharton,    Beekman,    Murray,   ! 
Apthorpe   and   De  Lancey,   in  addition   to   their   i 
town  houses,  possessed  country  places  and  gave 
many    brilliant    entertainments    therein.     These  ' 
families  were  much  divided  against  themselves. 
It  is  impossible,  indeed,  to  understand  the  social   i 
and   political  situation   in  New-York  City  after  i 
the  Revolution  without  first  getting  at  the  bottom  ' 


of  these  family  relations.     The  two  richest  and 
greatest  families  were  the  Livingstons  and  the 
Do  Lanceys.     The  wife  of  Henry  Walter  Living 
ston,  of  Livingston  Manor,  was  Mary  De  Lancey, 
and   the  Livingstons  were  related   or   connected 
with  the  Schuylers,  the  Beekmans,  the  Jays   and 
the  Duanes.     The  Livingstons  were  stanch  patri 
ots.     The  De  Lanceys  were  bitter  Tories.     The 
;   De  Lanceys  were  connected  with  the  De  Peysters, 
i   the   Ixards,   the   Barclays,    the  Frazers    and   the 
I   Stuyvesants,   all   of  whom   were    completely  dis- 
!  tracted    in    their    sympathies.     Philip    Schuyler, 
i   Alexander  Hamilton's  father-in-law  and  a  patriot 
general,  was  a  cousin  of  Oliver  De  Lancey  and 
John  Watts,  two  of  the  intensest  Tories  in  New- 
York.     Robert   Murray,    the   great   Quaker    mer 
chant,  was  a  Royalist     His  son  John  endeavored 
to    be    neutral,    while    his    wife    and    his    two 
daughters,  to  whose  beauty  and  accomplishments 
Major  Andre  wrote  that  he  **  could  not  pretend 
to    do    justice,"     were     uncompromising    rebels. 
Society  was  naturally  much  cut  up  by  these  con 
ditions. 

One  of  the  handsomest  of  the  country  houses 
was  owned  by  James  Beekman,  whose  ancestor 
came   to    America    with   Peter    Stuyvesant.     The 
Beekman  house  stood  at  the  point  where  Fifty- 
first-st.  intersects  with  First^ave.     It  was  built 
in    1763,    and   was   not   torn    down    until    1874. 
The  first  hothouse  erected  in  New-York  was  that 
attached  to  the  Beekman  residence,  and  it  is  said 
that  on  one  occasion  Mrs.  Beekman,  who  was  Jane 
!  Keteltas,    served   Washington   and   Steuben   with 
I  lemonade    made    from    lemons    she    herself    had 
grown.     The    Beekmans    were    rebels,    and    they 
fled    when    Howe    captured    the    city,    but   Mrs. 
Beekman  had  the  forethought  to  bury  her  silver 
and  china  under  the  hothouse.     It  was  all  right 
when  she  got  back  six  years  later.     Madame  de 
Reidesel,  whose  Hessian  husband  was  a  prisoner, 
occupied    the    Beekman    house    so    long    as    the 
British  had  possession  of  the  town.     Just  above 
the  Beekman  house  was  the  famous  Kissing  Bridge, 
which  crossed  Dedore's  millrace,  so  named  because 
it  was  supposed  to  be  quite  impossible  for  lovers 
to  resist  its  fascinating  influence  if  they  happened 
to   cross  it.     The   homes   of   Colonel   Kip,    John 
Watts  and  Mr.  Keteltas  were  in  this  neighborhood. 
Robert  Murray's  house,   which  left  its  name  to 
Murray  Hill,   stood  at  what  is  now  the  corner 
of  Fourth-ave.  and  Thirty-sixth-st.     Mr.  Murray's 
grounds  ran  down  to  the  Kingsbridge  Road,  now 
Lexington-ave.      His     house     was    an     immense 
structure    for    those    times.     It    was    here    that 
Mrs.  Murray  and  her  beautiful  daughters  inter 
rupted    Howe   and    Clinton    in    their    pursuit    of 
Putnam,  told  them  sweet  little  Quaker  lies  about 
Putnam's  having  passed  four  hours  before,  while, 
as  a  matter  of  fact,  he  had  been  gone  not  much 
more    than    four   minutes,    and   begged   them    to 
alight  and  partake  of  some  Quaker  refreshments. 
They    were    not    proof    against    these    charming 
solicitations,  and  while  Howe  and  Clinton  sipped 
Mr.  Murray's  Tory  Madeira  and  listened  to  the 
Misses   Murray's   delightful   conversation.     "  Old 
Put"     gathered    his    bedraggled    army    together 
above  the  Bronx.     The  Apthorpe  Ho  ise,   Wash- 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


ington's  headquarters  during  this  campaign,  was 
on  the  Blooming-dale  Road,  or,  to  be  more  exact, 
at  Ninth-ave.  and  Ninety-first-sc.  Washington 
was  well  acquainted  with  'this  country.  He  had 
travelled  thiough  it  in  1756,  when  young  and 
susceptible,  on  his  way  to  see  Lord  ^Shirley  at 
Boston.  He  then  stopped  at  the  house  of  Beverly 
Robinson,  and  he  stayed  longer  than  he  needed 
to.  On  his  way  home  he  stopped  with  Robinson 
again,  and  he  only  went  away  when  he  felt 
that  duty  pressed  him.  Pretty  Mary  Philli[)se 
was  also  visiting  there  at  the  time.  Her  sister 
was  Kobmson's  wife.  When  Washington  left  he 

IT  a™"-£nd  that  he  had  fallen  in  love  with 
Mary  Phillipse,  but  hadn't  the  courage  to  tell 
her  so  When  informed  a  year  or  so  teter  that 
Colonel  Roger  Morris,  who  had  fought  with  him 
under  Braddock,  was  making  a  lively  campaign 
for  the  lady's  hand.  Washington  became  phil 
osophical,  and  let  the  matter  drop.  On  his  return 
in  1776  he  found  Morris  and  Robinson  both 
enemies  of  their  country,  and  whon  lie  marched 
over  into  Wcstchester  he  made  his  headquarters 
at  Morris  s  mansion,  more  generally  known  as  the 
Jumel  house,  its  owners  having  precipitately 
fled.  It  is  not  believed,!  however;  that  Wash 
ington  would  have  done  them  any  harm  had  they 
stayed  behind  to  greet  him.  The  Morris  House 
was  a  fine  example  of  colonial  architecture. 
Madame  Jumel  bought  it,  and  Aaron  Burr  lived 
here  during  the  days  of  his  octogenarian  love 


III. 


THE  ELECTION. 


NT  ADAMS'S  INAUGURAL,. 

WASHINGTON'S    MODEST    FEARS-ADAMS'S   OPIN 
ION    CONCERNING-    HIS    SUPERIOR. 

A  spirit  of  calmness,  confidence  and  peace  settled 
over  the  country  as  the  first  Wednesday  in  Janu 
ary,  1789,  approached,  and  the  3,000,000  free  and 
independent  suffragists  of  a  delivered  and  united 
Nation  prepared  to  cast  their  ballots  for  their 
first  President.  The  election  passed  off  quietly, 
not  less  for  the  reason  that  the  people  wanted  to 
give  the  new  system  a  fair  trial  than  for  the 
reason  that  nobody  doubted  what  the  Electoral 
College  would  do.  The  College  met  in  due  time 
and  cast  its  votes.  The  Constitution  then  pro 
vided  that  the  candidate  having  the  highest  num 
ber  of  votes  should  be  President  and  the  one  hav 
ing  the  next  highest  Vice-President.  Every 
member  of  the  College  voted  for  Washington,  and 
John  Adams  received  34  out  of  69.  The  votes 
that  were  not  given  to  him  were  scattered.  Jay 
received  9,  Rutledge  6,  Hancock  4,  but  no  one 
approached  the  position  of  a  competitor.  Adams 
had  returned  from  abroad  with  much  popular 
favor,  due  to  his  success  in  negotiating  several 
important  loans.  He  was  obnoxious  to  many  sin 
cere  and  patriotic  men,  who  thought  him  snobbish 
and  not  always  trustworthy.  Even  the  amiable 
Franklin  had  said  of  him :  "  Always  honest  and 
often  wise,  he  is  sometimes  and  in  some  things 
absolutely  out  of  ,'iis  senses."  But  at  this  moment 
the  opposition  to  him  was  unled  and  without  a 
distinct  object,  so  that  his  election  involved  no 
great  trouble. 

Congress  should  have  met  on  the  first  Wednesday 
in  March,  the  4th,  but  distances  were  great  and 
u-a  veiling  was  bad,  so  that  only  eight  Senators  and 


|  thirteen  Representatives  answered  the  roll-call  on 

j  that  day.  They  came  in  by  twos  and  threes  from 
day  to  day  thereafter,  and  by  March  30  a  quorum 

|  of  the  House  had  appeared.  It  organized  imme 
diately  by  the  election  of  Frederick  A.  Muhlerburg 

;  as  Speaker,  and  proceeded  to  discuss  a  tariff  bill. 
It  was  decidedly  an  able  House.  Madison  led  the 
Virginia  delegation,  though  ho  had  encountered 
much  difficulty  in  getting  elected  at  all.  He  was 
an  aspirant  for  the  higher  honor  of  a  seat  in  the 

I  Senate,  but  his  activity  in  behalf  of  the  new  Con 
stitution  had  rendered  him  so  objectionable  to 
Henry  that  he  was  unable  to  get  a  sufficient  sup- 

|  port.  Madison  had  been  badly  humiliated  in  Vir 
ginia,  for  all  the  Anti-Federalist  leaders  had  com- 

i  bined  to  crush  him,  and  it  was  only  upon  his  issu 
ing  a  public  letter  in  which  he  promised  to  support 

I  certain  amendments  to  the  Constitution  that  he 
had  even  succeeded  in  obtaining  a  seat  in  the  Lower 
House.  The  election  to  the  Senate  of  his  chief  po- 

;  litical  adversary  and  the  prime  eemy  of  the  Con 
stitution  completed  his  discomfiture.  He  soon  be- 

!  came,  however,  the  most  conspicuous  member  of 
the  House,  and  easily  its  foremost  man  in  debate. 
His  only  rival  was  Fisher  Ames,  of  Massachusetts, 
then  only  thirty-two  years  old,  but  eloquent,  ready 
and  pugnacious.  A  quorum  of  the  Senate  had  not 
arnved  until  April  6,  but  the  moment  it  could  le 
gally  organize,  it  placed  Langdon  temporarily  in 

i  the  Chair,  sent  for  the  House  and  proceeded  to 
open  the  ballots  cast  in  the  Electoral  College,  and 
to  declare  the  result.  On  the  same  day  it  dis- 

!  patched  Charles  Thomson,  its  veteran  secretary,  to 

j  Mount  Vernon,  and  another  messenger  to  Brain- 
tree,  to  inform  Washington  and  Adams  of  their 
election. 

Of  course  neither  of  them  was  in  ignorance  of 

i  what   the   Electors   had    done.     Washington    had 

i  gradually  come  to  consider  his  election  as  inevi- 
tagle  and  his  duty  to  accept  it  imperative.  His 

.  profound  reluctance  again  to  quit  the  happy  se 
clusion  of  his  country  home  on  the  banks  of  the 
Potomac  was  manifested  in  ways  too  marked  and 
by  an  agitation  too  solemn  for  any  to  call  it  in 
questio.  He  has  left  his  feelings  upon  a  hundred 
tablets,  all  telling  the  same  story  of  self-depre- 
ciation  and  regret  that  no  one  else  would  be  ao 

I  ceptable  to  the  people.  Concerning  the  delay  of 
Congress  in  counting  the  votes  he  had  written  to 
Knox : 

The  delay  may  be  compared  to  a  reprieve,  for 

j  in  confidence  I  tell  you  (with  the  world  it  would 
obtain  little  credit),  that  my  movements  to  the 
chair  of  Government  will  be  accompanied  by  feel 
ings  not  unlike  those  of  a  culprit  who  is  going  to 
the  place  of  his  execution ;  so  unwilling  am  I,  in 

;   the  evening  of  a  life  nearly  consumed  in  public 

|  cares,  to  quit  a  peaceful  abode  for  an  ocean  of 
difficulties  without  that  competency  of  political 
skill,  abilities  or  inclinations  which  are  necessary 
to  manage  the  helm.  Integrity  and  firmness  are 
all  I  can  promise.  These,  be  the  voyage  long 
or  short,  shall  never  forsake  me. 

To  another  friend,  at  about  the  same  time,  he 
wrote  these  almost  pitiful  words : 

I  greatly  fear  that  my  countrymen  will  expect 
too  much  from  me.  I  fear,  if  the  issue  of  public 
measures  should  not  correspond  with  their  san- 
guine  expectations,  they  will  turn  the  extravagant 
praises  which  they  are  heaping  upon  me  at  this 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


moment    into  equally  extravagant,  though  I  will 
fondly  nope  unmerited,  censures. 

"  Little,"  says  Washington  Irving,  recording 
ttese  and  other  expressions  of  personal  mistiust, 
**  was  Uis  modest  spirit  aware  that  the  I 
praises  so  dubiously  received  were  but  the  open 
ing  notes  of  a  theme  that  was  to  increase  from 
age  to  age,  to  pervade  all  lands  and  endure 
throughout  all  generations!" 

Bra i ntre e  was  considerably  nearer  the  seat  of 
Government  than  Mount  Vernon,  and  Adams  had 
received  the  messenger  of  Congress  and  was  well 
on  his  way  to  New-York  before  Colonel  Thomson 
ha<i  reached  the  Potomac.  It  docs  not  appear 
from  any  contemporary  record  that  Mr.  Adams 
Aras  at  all  overwhelmed  with  a  sense  of  the  poverty 
c/  his  worth.  He  appeared  to  be  entirely  reaa>  ! 
to  respond  to  bJs  country's  call,  and  on  April  12 
he  set  out  on  that  errand  The  Roxbury  troop 
of  horse,  early  on  that  morning,  attended  him  at  ! 
his  house  and  escorted  him  into  Boston.  "  On  his 
arrival  at  the  fortification  gates,"  writes  a  chron 
icler  of  the  day,  "  the  bells  rung  a  peal,  and 
amidst  the  shouts  of  the  assembled  citizens,  he 
was  escorted  to  His  Excellency,  the  Governour's, 
where  the  principal  Officers  of  the  State  and  gentle 
men  of  the  town  being  assembled,  he  partook 
at  an  elegant  Collation  provided  by  the  Governour. 
He  was  saluted  on  his  arrival  by  a  federal  dis 
charge  from  a  detachment  of  Mayor  Johnson's 
Artillery,  and  also  by  a  discharge  on  his  taking 
leave  of  our  Chief  Magistrate.  During  the  time 
the  Vice-President  was  at  his  Fxcel- 
lency,  the  Govornour's,  the  Middlesex 
Horse,  under  the  command  of  Captain 
Fuller,  arrived,  which,  joining  that  of  Colonel  ! 
Tyler's,  formed  a  very  elegant  escort— both  Corps  | 
being  in  blue,  faced  with  white,  and  the  horses 
mostly  of  one  colour,  and  very  handsome.  By 
these  corps,  and  better  by  his  fellow-citizens, 
he  was  accompanied  to  Charle^town,  where  on  his 
arrival  at  the  Square,  he  was  again  saluted  by  a 
federal  discharge,  from  Major  Calder's  Artillery, 
and  escorted,  by  the  two  companies  of  Horse  to 
Cambridge— where  the  Roxbury  horse  took  their 
leave  of  His  Excellency— who,  escorted 
by  the  Middlesex  corps,  continued  his 
journey.  Mr.  Adams  will  be  met  at  M.nrlborough 
by  Colonel  N swell's  regiment  of  Horse,  who  will 
relieve  Captain  Fuller— and  in  like  manner  will 
this  great  and  good  man  be  accompanied  to  New- 
York.— Not  with  the  servile  attentions  of  slaves  | 
and  subjects— but  by  the  voluntary  honours  of  his  | 
fellow-citizens." 

In  like  manner,  truly,  he  was  escorted,  receiv 
ing  all  the  honors  that  could  by  any  possibility 
be  lavished  upon  him  until,  on  Monday,  April 
20,  he  arrived  in  the  city.  A  great  cavalcade 
met  him  at  the  Connecticut  line  and  brought  him 
to  Kingsbridge,  where  all  the  soldiery  of  the  city, 
many  members  of  Congress  and  a  great  host  of 
citizens  in  carriages,  on  horseback  and  afoot,  were 
waiting  to  welcome  him.  He  proceeded  directly 
to  Mr.  Jay's  house  in  Wall-st.,  where  he  was 
waited  upon  by  a  committee  of  the  Senate.  Con 
gratulatory  speeches  followed,  and  on  the  next 
day  he  was  inaugurated.  He  took  his  seat  as 


president  of  the  Senate  iniuiedia'tflyrjfot  waiting 
lor  Washington,  who  was  already  at  Trenton. 
In  his  inaugural  address,  which  was  a  stately 
and  finished  speech,  lie  made  these  eloquent 
references  to  the  man  whose  name  was  upper 
most  in  all  hearts : 

It    is    with    satisfaction    that    I    congratulate 

the  people  of  America on  the  prospect 

of  an  executive  authority  in  the  hands  of  one 
\vhose  portrait  I  shall  not  presume  to  draw.  Were 
I  blessed  with  powers  to  do  justice  to  his  charac 
ter  it  would  b<>  impossible  to  increase  the  con 
fidence  or  affection  of  his  country  or  make  the 
smallest  addition  to  his  glory.  This  can  only  be 
effected  by  a  discharge  of  the  present  exalted 
trust  on  the  same  principles  with  the  same 
abilities  and  virtues  which  have  uniformly 
appeared  in  all  his  former  conduct,  public  or 
private.  May  I,  nevertheless,  be  indulged  to 
inquire,  if  we  look  over  the  catalogue  of  the  first 
Magistrates  of  nations,  whether  they  have  been 
denominated  Presidents  or  Consuls,  Kings  or 
Princes,  where  shall  we  find  one  whose  command 
ing  talents  and  virtues,  whose  overruling  good 
fortune,  have  so  completely  united  all  hearts  and 
voices  in  his  favor  ?* 


IV. 


WASHINGTON'S  JOUENEY. 

THE  IDOL.  OF  THE  PEOPLE. 


THE       RECEPTION       IN       NEW-YORK— A       GREAT 
PARADE. 

Secretary  Thomson  reached  Mount  Vernon  on 
April  14,  and  delivered  Langdon's  letter  to  the 
President.  It  said,  in  fitHng  and  simple  words: 
*'  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  to  your  Excellency 
the  information  of  your  unanimous  election  to  the 
cffice  of  President  of  the  United 
States  of  America.  Suffer  me,  sir,  to 
indulge  the  hope  that  so  auspicious  a 
mark  of  public  confidence  will  meet  your  appro 
bation  and  be  considered  as  a  sure  pledge  of  the 
affection  and  support  you  are  to  expect  from  a 
free  and  an  enlightened  people."  Washington  in 
vited  Mr.  Thomson  to  wait  a  day  or  two  at  Mount 
Vcrnon  and  return  with  him  to  the  capital.  The 
next  day  he  visited  his  aged  mother,  and  said  and 
Listened  to  the  words  that  each  knew  would  be 
the  last  they  would  ever  speak  to  each  other  in 
this  world  again.  He  returned  to  his  home  the 
same  day,  and  on  the  next  J^e  started  for  the 
capital.  In  his  diary  on  that  day  he  wrote: 
"  About  10  o'clock  I  bade  adieu  to  Mount  Vernon, 
to  private  life  and  to  domestic  felicity,  and  with 
a  mind  oppressed  with  more  anxious  and  painful 
sensations  than  I  have  words  to  express,  set  out 
for  New-York,  with  the  best  disposition  to  render 
service  to  rny  country  in  obedience  to  its  call,  but 
T\ith  less  hope  of  answering  its  expectations." 
Mrs.  Washington  remained  for  a  time  at  Mount 
Vernon,  and  the  onljr  occupants  of  the  President's 
coach  besides  himself  were  Mr.  Thomson  and  his 
former  aide,  Colonel  Humphreys.  The  President 
consented  to  partake  of  a  farewell  banquet  at 
Alexandria,  attended  chiefly  by  his  intimate 
friends  and  neighbors.  The  Mayor,  Dennis  liam- 
sey,  maile  an  eloquent  and  feeling  address,  in 
which  he  said: 

Not  to  extol  your  glory  as  a  soldier,  not  to  pour 
forth  our  gratitude  for  past  services,  not  to  ac- 


104 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


knowledge  the  justice  of  the  unexampled  honor 
which  has  been  conferred  upon  you  by  the  spon 
taneous  and  unanimous  suffrages  of  3,000,000 
of  freemen  in  your  election  to  the 
Supreme  Magistracy,  not  to  admire  the 
patriotism  which  directs  your  conduct,  do  your 
neighbors  and  friends  now  address  you.  Themes 
less  splendid,  but  more  endearing,  impress  our 
minds.  The  first  and  best  of  citizens  must  leave 
us.  Our  aged  must  lose  their  ornament,  our  youth 
their  mo.lcl,  our  agriculture  its  improver,  our 
commerce  its  friend,  our  infant  academy  its  patron, 
our  poor  their  benefactor  I 

Washington  was  much  touched  Ly  these  ex 
pressions,  and  his  reply  was  spoken  with  an  emo 
tion  he  was  quite  unable  to  hide.  He  said: 

Although  I  ought  not  to  conceal,  yet  I  cannot 
describe,  the  painful  emotions  I  felt  in  being 
called  upon  to  determine  whether  I  would  accept 
or  refuse  the  Presidency  of  the  United  States. 

The  ummimity  in  the  choice,  the  opinion  of 
my  friends,  communicated  from  different  parts  of 
Europe,  as  well  as  America,  the  apparent  wish  of 
those  who  were  not  entirely  satisfied  with  the 
Constitution  in  its  present  form,  and  an  ardent 
desire  CD  my  own  part  to  be  instrumental  in  con 
ciliating  the  goodwill  of  my  countrymen  toward 
each  othet,  have  induced  an  acceptance.  TLose 
who  know  me  best  (and  you,  my  fellow-citizens, 
are,  from  your  situation,  in  that  number)  know 
better  than  any  others  that  my  love  of  retire 
ment  is  so  great  tLat  no  earthly  consideration, 
short  of  a  conviction  of  duty,  could  have  pre 
vailed  upon  me  to  depart  from  my  resolution 
"  never  more  to  take  any  share  in  transactions 
of  a  public  nature/' 

Almost  every  step  of  his  route  from  Alexandria 
to  New-York  was  made  memorable  by  some  token  of 
the  veneration  ond  love  in  wLich  the  people  held 
him.  At  first  and  until  he  had  reached  Chester  he 
tried  to  escape  these  attentions,  or  at  least  to  re 
ceive  them  without  seeming  to  enjoy  them.  He 
did  not  in  fact  enjoy  them.  They  were  little  in 
keeping  with  his  ( wn  thoughts  and  feelings.  Wash 
ington  was  an  isolated  being.  His  human  sym 
pathies,  it  is  true,  were  large,  but  they  did  not  pro 
ceed  from  human  weaknesses,  as  those  of  frail 
mortality  usually  do.  Washington  had  started  off 
quietly  in  his  coach  from  Mount  Vernon,  and  he 
would  have  much  preferred  to  complete  his  jour 
ney  as  quietly  as  he  began  it.  But  he  soon  thought 
better  of  this,  and  far  from  desiring  to  escape  pop 
ular  demonstrations,  he  encouraged  and  took  his 
proper  part  in  them.  He  wisely  perceived  that 
nothing  could  be  more  natural  than  that  the  people 
should  hail  with  lively  manifestations  of  pleasure 
the  dawn  of  the  Nation's  birthday.  The  feelings 
"  they  entertained  he  shared,  and  moved  by  this  sen 
timent  he  permitted  the  widest  latitude  to  be 
given  to  expressions  of  the  popular  joy,  and  every 
where  delayed  his  journey  to  take  part  in  them. 
Although  in  this  construction  of  the  honors  lav 
ished  so  abundantly  upon  him  Washington  did  no 
violence  to  the  people's  glad  and  hopeful  hearts,  he 
did  not  wholly  understand  them.  He  never  did 
quite  understand  the  relation  in  which  he  stood  to 
the  land  he  had  delivered.  Perhaps  it  is  only 
natural,  certainly  it  is  most  beautiful,  that  a  soul 
capable  of  the  deeds  which  so  inspired  the  popular 
heart  with  the  highest  form  of  esteem,  confidence 
and  love  should  be  unconscious  of  exalted  merit 
and  disposed  to  attribute  its  successes  to  causes 
quite  beyond  its  own  begetting. 

At  Baltimore  and  at  Wilmington  Washington 


was  received  with  all  the  acclaim  that  a  king 
could  have  desired,  but  as  he  aDproached  the  Penn 
sylvania  line  below  Chester  he  found  a  multitude 
waiting  so  vast  and  so  full  of  glad  emotions  that  he 
was  quite  bewildered.  General  Milflin  had  by  this 
time  succeeded  Franklin  as  President  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  he  had  made  up  his  mind  by  the  warmth- 
and  splendor  of  this  reception  to  efface  from  Wash 
ington's  memory  every  lingering  impression  of  the 
part  Miffiin  had  taken  in  Gates's  intrigue.  Bright 
and  early  on  Saturday  morning,  April  18,  Miffiin 
and  Judge  Peters,  at  that  time  Speaker  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Assembly,  wilh  the  City  Troop  of 
Horse  from  Philadelphia  and  several  regiments  of 
State  militia,  were  stationed  at  the  boundary  line. 
They  waiterUall  day  and  all  night  for  Washington, 
but  it  was  not  until  the  next  morning  at  8  o'clock 
that  his  coach,  escorted  by  Delaware  troops,  was 
seen  approaching.  Mifflin  received  the  President 
with  uncovered  head,  and  by  his  manner  clearly 
indicated,  what  other  State  Governors  were  already 
denying,  that  the  President  was  officially  superior 
to  the  Governors  of  the  States.  At  the  head  of 
what  amounted  to  a  considerable  army  Washing 
ton  entered  Chester,  where  he  and  Mifflin  detached 
themselves  from  the  rest  and  took  a  quiet  break 
fast  together.  Washington  rested  a  couple  of 
hours  after  breakfast,  and  at  about  noon  the  jour 
ney  was  resumed. 

At  various  points  on  the  road  to  Gray's  Ferry 
they  were  joined  by  other  regiments  of  cavalry  and 
infantry  and  by  a  multitude  of  private  citizens 
from  Philadelphia,  and  an  even  vaster  concourse 
had  assembled  to  receive  him  at  Gray's  Bridge^ 
over  the  Schuylkill.  So  great  had  the  crowd's 
proportions  become  that  the  procedure  was  char 
acterized  by  the  utmost  ceremony.  Washington 
descended  from  his  coach,  and  mounted  on  an  im 
mense  white  charger  approached  the  bridge  amidst 
the  acclamations  of  at  least  20,000  people.  The 
bridge  had  been  converted  into  a  grand  bower  of 
flowers  and  evergreens.  The  man  from  whom  it 
took  its  name  -was  then  living  in  a  house  near  by^ 
and  he  had  spent  two  days  in  fitting  up  the  bridge 
and  its  approaches  A.  great  pine  shaft  had  been* 
lifted  high  into  the  air  fiom  which  the  well-known 
Serpent  Flag  was  floating,  bearing  the  admonitory 
inscription :  "  Don't  Tread  On  Me."  Hundreds  of 
other  flags,  large  and  small,  with  long  streamers  of 
the  gayest  colors,  were  spread  to  the  breezes  from 
all  available  points.  At  either  end  of  the  bridge  a 
triumphal  arch,  thickly  overlaid  with  laurel,  had 
been  erected,  while  the  bridge  itself  was  decorated 
with  evergreens,  lilies  and  roses  in  the  most  taste 
ful  and  proluse  style.  For  a  hundred  yards  on 
either  side  of  the  bridge  large  shrubberies  ex 
tended,  "  which  seemed,"  says  an  eyewitness,  "  to 
challenge  even  Nature  hei>clf  for  simplicity,  ease 
and  elegance,  and,"  he  continues,  "  as  our  beloved 
Washington  crossed  the  bridge,  a  lad,  beautifully 
ornamented  with  sprigs  of  laurel,  assisted  by  a  cer 
tain  machinery,  let  drop  above  the  hero's  head,  un- 
perceived  by  him,  a  civic  crown  of  laurel."  Upon 
his  arrival  within  the  city  Washington  was  es 
corted  to  the  City  Tavern,  where  he  had  been  a 
guest  during  the  Constitutional  Convention.  Here 
he  was  magnificently  entertained  at  a  banquet 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


105 


which  all  the  prominent  men  of  the  city  attended, 
and  in  the  evening  Philadelphia  gave  itself  over  to 
revelry  and  fireworks. 

He  started  for  Trenton  the  next  day,  reaching  the 
banks  of  the  Delaware  just  bolow  the  spot  where 
in  storm  and  tempest  and  infinite  peril  he  had 
crossed  twelve  years  before  to  engage  in  his  daring 
and  successful  attack  upon  the  British  at  Trenton. 
The  scene  now  was  in  wonderful  contrast  to  that 
which  his  mind  must  so  vividly  have  recalled. 
This  April  morning  was  sunny,  balmy  and  beauti 
ful.  The  birds  were  singing,  the  river  was  smooth 
and  clear,  and  all  along  its  shores  a  host  of  his 
welcoming  countrymen  were  standing,  waving 
their  hats  and  crying  out  in  his  honor.  A  great 
throng  of  soldiers  and  citizens  lined  the  New-Jer 
sey  bank,  where,  as  his  boat  was  drawn  upon  the 
sand,  a  procession  was  quickly  formed  to  the  most 
conspicuous  place,  in  which  he  was  presently  es 
corted.  His  route  into  Trenton  lay  over  the  As- 
sanpink  Creek,  just  south  of  the  city.  This  spot 
was  associated  in  Washington's  mind  with  thoughts 
that  were  the  reverse  of  pleasant.  It  was  over  the 
Assanpink  Bridge  that  he  had  made  his  famous 
retreat  from  Princeton,  pursued  by  the  noble 
Briton  whose  sword  he  received  six  years  later  at 
Yorktown.  The  ladies  of  Trenton,  mindful  of 
these  memories,  had  arranged  to  give  him  a  hap 
pier  impression  of  the  place.  They  converted  the 
bridge  into  one  grand  triumphal  arch,  twenty  ieet 
wide  and  supported  upon  thirteen  pillars,  em 
blematic  of  the  thirteen  States.  Evergreens  cov 
ered  the  arch  above,  below,  inside  and  out,  and 
over  its  southern  entrance  was  an  inscription 
reading : 

The  Defender  of  the  Mothers 
Will  Be  The  Protector  of  The  Daughters. 

The  board  on  which  these  words  were  lettered 
was  bound  with  spruce,  fir  and  holly,  and  crown 
ing  the  inscription  at  its  centre  was  a  dome  of 
flowers  with  the  dates  of  the  battle  of  Princeton 
and  the  defeat  of  the  Hessians  inlaid  with  violets. 
Over  all  with  its  face  to  the  zenith  was  a  gorgeous 
sunflower. 

The  ladies  who  had  done  all  this,  matrons  and 
maids,  were  waiting  for  Washington  at  the  bridge, 
and  as  he  approached,  ignorant  of  what  was  to 
occur,  the  line  of  soldiers  in  front  of  him  suddenly 
parted  and  left  him  to  ride  to  the  bridge  alone. 
Advancing  to  meet  him  came  a  great  number  of 
young  girls  dressed  wholly  in  white,  carrying 
trays  of  flowers.  Washington  reined  in  his  horse, 
took  off  his  hat,  and,  Colonel  Humphrey  declares, 
tears  stole  down  his  cheeks  as  he  listened  to  their 
song : 

Welcome,  mighty  chief  I      Once  more 
Welcome  to  this  grateful  shore. 
Now  no  mercenary  foe 
Aims   again   the  fatal  blow- 
Alms  at  thee  the  latal  blow. 

Virgins  fair  and  matrons  grave, 
Those  thy  conquering  arm  did  save, 
Build  for  thee  triumphal  bowers. 
Strew,  ye  fair,  his  way  with  flowers- 
Strew  your  hero's  way  with  flowers. 

As  they  sang  the  last  words  they  scattered  be 
fore  him  their  sweet  burden  of  flowers  and  re 
tired.  Washington  remained  for  several  moments 


with  his  head  bowed  and  then  moved  onward 
through  the  arch  into  Trenton.  That  afternoon 
he  issued  this  graceful  card  of  thanks  to  the 

ladies : 

General  Washington  cannot  leave  this  place 
without  expressing  his  Acknowledgments  to  the 
Matrons  and  Young  Ladies,  who  received  him  in 
so  novel  and  grateful  a  manner  at  the  Triumphal 
Arch  in  Trenton  for  the  exquisite  Sensations  he 
experienced  in  that  affecting  moment.  The  aston 
ishing  contrast  between  his  former  and  actual 
situation  at  the  same  spot,  the  elegant  Taste  with 
which  it  was  adorned  for  the  present  occasion,  and 
the  innocent  appearance  of  the  white-robed  Choir 
who  met  him  with  the  gratulatory  Song  have  made 
such  an  impression  on  his  remembrance  as,  he 
assures  them,  will  never  be  effaced. 

Washington  was  the  guest  In  New-Jersey  of  its 
Governor,  William  Livingston.  At  sunrise  the 
next  day  he  was  on  his  way  to  Elizabeth,  which 
he  reached  that  (Wednesday)  night.  Meanwhile 
preparations  for  his  reception  had  been  going 
forward  in  New-York.  Samuel  Osgood  had  ten 
dered  his  house  for  the  President's  use  and  Con 
gress  had  authorized  him  to  arrange  it  in  a 
manner  befitting  the  character  of  its  proposed  oc 
cupant.  It  was  the  Franklin  house  original! v, 
and  it  >tood  in  Franklin  Square.  One  of  .the 
abutments  of  the  Brooklyn  Bridge  now  rests  on  the 
spot  it  occupied.  Mr.  Franklin  was  a  rich  New- 
York  merchant.  Osgood,  who  became  Washing 
ton's  Postmaster-General,  married  Mrs.  Franklin 
after  she  had  been  some  time  a  widow,  and 
settled  in  New-York  in  the  Franklin  house.  It 
was  enumerated  and  styled  No.  1  Cherry-st.. 
Large,  comfortable  and  reasonably  handsome,  it 
made  a  suitable  Presidential  mansion.  The  Vice- 
President,  Senators  Schuyler,  Rutledge  and  Ells 
worth  and  Eepresentatives  Boudinot,  Bland,  Ben 
son,  Lawrence  and  Tucker  were  appointed  a  joint 
committee  of  Congress  to  meet  the  President  at 
Elizabethport  and  escort  him  by  water  to  the 
capital.  These  members,  together  with  many 
others,  and  a  great  body  of  citizens  in  yachts 
chartered  for  the  occasion,  were  at  Elizabethport 
on  the  morning  of  April  23.  A  large  and  mag 
nificent  barge,  built  especially  for  this  service 
and  manned  by  thirteen  pilots,  arrayed  in  naval 
uniforms,  with  Thomas  Randall  as  coxswain,  lay 
at  hand  for  Washington's  reception.  He  embarked 
at  about  half-past  1  o'clock  amid  the  shouts  of 
an  enthusiastic  multitude  and  the  music  of  bands. 
With  him  in  the  barge  were  the  Congressional 
Committee  and  three  officials  representing  the 
State  and  city  of  New-York.  Numerous  and  im 
posing  was  the  fleet  which  attended  him  on  his 
progress  across  the  bay.  They  were  all 
dressed  richly  with  bunting  and  shot  forth 
salutes  of  thirteen  guns  as  rapidly  as  they  could 
be  loaded  and  fired.  Several  French  and  Spanisl 
men-of-war  were  in  the  harbor,  and  these  were 
prompt  in  the  honors  they  paid  to  the  Nation's 
Chief  Magistrate.  As  the  President's  barge 
passed  the  Spanish  sloop  of  war  Galveston,  she 
spread  forth  Spanish  and  American  flags  from 
peak  and  masthead,  and  delivered  a  powerful 
discharge  of  thirteen  guns. 


106 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


The  landing  was  effected  at  Murray's  wharf,  at 
the  foot  of  Wall-st.  Steps,  heavily  carpeted 
and  nicely  decorated,  were  let  down  to  the  water's 
edge,  and  as  Washington  ascended  them  he  found 
Clinton  at  hand  to  receive  him.  The  Governor, 
like  the  honest  man  and  loyal  patriot  he  was, 
from  the  moment  when  the  Poughkeepsie  Con 
vention  decided  against  him  and  in  favor  of 
the  Constitution,  had  set  himself  diligently  at 
work  preparing  to  receive  the  National  Govern 
ment.  He  did  not  sulk  a  minute,  and  no  one 
welcomed  Washington  with  more  warmth  or 
supported  him  with  greater  zeal  than  this  greatest 
and  most  dangerous  enemy  of  federation.  Clin 
ton's  full  military  staff  attended  him,  and  with 
them  were  also  the  entire  Congress,  Mayor  Duane 
and  the  principal  officers  of  the  city.  All  these 
were  presented  to  Washington,  and  then  he  placed 
himself  at  the  disposal  of  Colonel  Bauman,  who 
was  in  charge  of  the  military  arrangements  for 
his  reception.  The  line  was  formed  in  Wall-st., 
according  to  "  The  Official  Gazette,"  in  the  follow 
ing  order: 

Colonel  Lewis. 
Majors   Morton   and   Van    Home   and   their  troop   of 

Dragoons. 

Captain    Stakes. 

German   Grenadiers. 

Captain  Scriba. 

Music. 

Infantry  of  the  Brigade. 
Captains  Swartout  and  SteddJford. 

Grenadiers. 

Captain    liar  sin. 

Regiment   of  Artillery. 

Colonel  Bauman. 

Music. 

General  Malcolm  and  Aids. 
Officers    of   the   Militia— Two    and   Two. 

Committee  of  Congress. 

The   Most   Illustrious,   The   President   of   the   United 
States, 

and 

His   Excellency,   Governor  Clinton, 

The  President's   Suite. 

Officers  of  the  State. 

The  Mayor  and  Aldermen  of  New- York. 

The   Reverend  Clergy. 

Their  Excellencies,  the  French  and  Spanish  Ambassa 
dors  In  Carriages. 
Citizens. 

It  was  a  great  parade  for  those  days,  and  it 
moved  with  pomp  and  dignity  through  streets 
lined  with  people,  and  all  bedecked  with  bunting 
and  amid  the  loudest  paeans  of  rejoicing  up 
Wall  and  down  Queen  st.  to  Washington's  house. 
Here  the  procession  halted  for  a  time  while 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Osgood  escorted  the  President 
through  his  new  home.  Then  Washington  re 
sumed  his  place  in  the  procession,  and  was  con 
ducted  to  the  Governor's  house  in  Queen-st., 
which  was  one  of  the  prizes  of  the  people  under 
the  Confiscation  Act.  It  had  belonged  to  Henry 
White,  a  Royalist.  Here  the  President  was  enter 
tained  at  dinner,  and  here  he  spent  the  early 
part  of  the  evening,  receiving  all  the  great 
of  the  land  who  came  to  pay  their  respects  to 
the  first  of  the  Presidents. 


V. 


THE  INAUGURATION. 


HOW  WASHINGTON  TOOK  THE  OATH: 


A    MOMENT    OF   DEEP    EMOTION— JOYOUS    FESTI 
VITIES   OF  THE   DAY. 

Quite  of  its  own  motion  New-York  had  mad* 
great  preparations  to  receive  the  new  Govern, 
ment,  in  view  of  which  it  may  well  be  contended 
that  the  city  was  badly  treated  by  Congress  in 
the  removal  of  the  capital  so  soon  afterward. 
Whatever  may  be  said  of  the  State,  the  city 
was  ardently  Federalist,  and  it  welcomed  the 
statesmen  of  the  Nation  with  a  generosity  which 
was  illy  repaid.  The  City  Hall  then  stood  on 
the  site  of  the  present  Sub-Treasury  Building,  on 
the  corner  of  Wall  and  Nassau  sts.  The  people 
turned  it  over  to  the  Federal  Government  and 
made  their  gift  the  richer  by  employing  Major 
L'Enfant  to  put  it  in  the  best  possible  order. 
The  money  required  for  this  work,  $3  ",000,  the 
people  of  New-York  City  raised  by  the  simple  and 
direct  process  of  putting  their  hands  in  their 
pockets.  In  its  finished  state  the  Federal  Hall 
presented  a  very  respectable  appearance.  Its  front 
balconies  looked  down  Broad-st.  It  possessed  an 
ample  yard.  Its  lower  floor  was  a  grand  court, 
entered  through  seven  openings.  In  the  centre 
four  great  stone  pillars  held  up  as  many  Doric 
columns.  Its  National  character  was  shown  by  a 
variety  of  appropriate  insignia.  The  frieze  was 
cut  into  thirteen  divisions,  and  in  each  a  great 
star  typified  its.  several  State.  In  the  pediment 
an  American  eagle  was  exceedingly  manifest, 
and  over  each  window  appeared  a  bundle  of 
thirteen  arrows.  Major  L'Enfant  had  distinguished 
himself  in  the  accommodations  he  had  provided 
for  the  Congress.  This  brilliant  Frenchman,  to 
whom  the  American  people  are  indebted  for  much 
more  than  the  actual  work  of  his  hands,  though 
that  was  considerable,  came  to  America  when  he 
was  twenty-two.  Those  were  days  when  brains 
of  the  first  order  found  everything  responsive 
to  their  influence,  and  his  rise  in  the  army  was 
rapid.  He  designed  the  jewel  for  the  order  of 
the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  which  Knox  sug 
gested  and  organized.  St.  Paul's  Church  and 
the  present  City  Hall,  conceded  to  be  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  models  for  a  public  bailding 
in  the  world,  were  of  his  designing,  while  his 
services  in  the  planning  of  Washington  City 
were  incalculable. 

L'Enfant  ran  a  vestibule  directly  through  the 
Federal  Hall.  He  placed  the  Senate  Chamber, 
40  feet  long  and  30  feet  wide,  upon  the  left 
side.  The  three  front  windows  opened  upon  a 
larger  portico  that  overhung  Wall-st.  and  looked 
down  Broad,  and  upon  this  portico  Washington 
stood  when  he  took  the  oath  of  office.  The 
pilasters  with  which  the  Senate  Chamber  was 
decorated  were  an  invention  of  L'Enfant's.  The 
chamber  was  entered  through  a  long  and  handsome 
lobby,  decorated  richly.  On  the  ceiling  of  the 
Senate  Chamber  were  thirteen  resplendent  stars 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


107 


In  a  dome  of  light  blue.  Its  fire-places  were 
very  wide  and  builb  of  solid  marble.  Upon  its 
walls  hung  several  portraits  of  illustrious  per 
sonages,  the  only  two  of  any  artistic  value 
being  those  of  our  beloved  allies, 
"Their  Most  Christian  Majesties  of  Spain." 
The  hall  of  the  Representatives  was 
entered  from  the  right  side  of  the  balcony,  and 
was  nearly  twice  as  large  as  the  Senate  Chamber. 
It  was  an  octagonal  apartment.  Ionic  columns  | 
and  pilasters  towered  above  the  windows,  and  in 
the  panels  between  them  were  various  significant 
decorations  and  the  letters  U.  S.  within  a  laurel 
wreath.  The  members'  seats  were  in  semi-circles 
around  the  Speaker's  desk,  which,  elevated  con 
spicuously,  was  hung  about  with  silken  curtainn. 
The  building  was  not  quite  ready  for  Congress's 
occupancy  when  Washington  arrived,  and  as  well 
to  give  the  workmen  time  to  finish  their  task  as 
to  settle  several  questions  which  to  it,  at  least, 
seemed  important,  Congress,  sitting  in  the  interim 
at  No.  81  Broadway,  resolved  to  postpone  the  in 
augural  ceremonies  until  April  30. 

The  first  of  these  important  questions  concerned 
the  style  in  which  the  President  should  be  ad 
dressed,  and  it  is  amusing  to  read  the  speeches 
in  Congress  and  the  letters  in  the  newspapers  of  , 
the  day  upon  that  tremendous  subject.  The  Vice-  j 
President,  who  loved  all  kinds  of  ceremonial,  was 
"  quite  worked  up"  about  it.  He  and  many  o'f  the 
Senators,  notably  Richard  Henry  Lee,  who,  it  will  | 
be  remembered,  fulminated  against  the  Constitu 
tion  largely  because  he  thought  it  "  aristocratic,'' 
wanted  to  call  Washington  "  His  Highness,  the 
President  of  the  United  States  and  the  Protector 
of  Their  Liberties."  It  was  very  properly  urged 
as  an  objection  to  this  suggestion  that,  although  it 
had  a  crccit  deal  of  sound  about  it,  a  "  Highness" 
in  Europe  was  a  mere  prince,  and  to  call  Wash 
ington  that  was  to  acknowledge  the  American 
Chief  Magistrate  the  inferior  of  majesty.  The 
holders  ol'  this  view  thought  u  His  Supremacy"  a 
nice  and  appropriate  title,  and  ably  contended  that 
while  at  first  it  might  sound  a  little  queer,  it 
would  be  all  right  when  you  got  used  to  it.  Wash 
ington  was  not  a  little  provoked  at  the  contro 
versy,  and  his  posiuon  in  favor  of  "  Sir"  and  "  Mr. 
President"  as  the  only  becoming  titles  in  a  republic 
of  equals  did  much  to  settle  the  question,  or,  at 
least,  to  cause  it  to  be  dropped. 

The  President  remained  at  Governor  Clinton's 
house  until  nearly  10  o'clock  on  the  evening  of 
the  day  of  his  arrival.  The  party  at  dinner  was 
eminently  a  distinguished  one,  consisting  of  the 
Ministers  in  office  as  creatures  of  the  old  Con 
tinental  Congress,  Jay,  Knox  and  Morris,  the  Re 
ception  Committee  of  Congress,  the  Mayor  and 
the  Recorder,  and  Chancellor  Livingston.  After 
dinner  a  number  of  ladies  called,  completing  a 
brilliant  company,  and  including  several  New- 
Yorkers,  among  whom  were  Lady  Stirling,  Mrs. 
James  Beekman,  Mrs  Jay  and  Mrs.  Hamilton. 
The  city  was  handsomely  illuminated  at  nierht 
and  the  streets  were  in  the  undisputed  possession 
of  celebrants,  who  made  a  tremendous  noise. 
During  the  six  days  that  passed  before  Inaugura 
tion  Day,  Washington  was  kept  busy  receiv 


ing  deputations  armed  with  formidable  speeches. 
The  Chamber  of  Commerce  waited  upon  him  in 
a  bodv.  Among  its  members  were  John  Alsop, 
whose  daughter  married  Rufus  King;  Isaac  Roose 
velt,  Robert  R.  Waddell,  Daniel  Phoenix,  James 
Beekman,  Jacobus  Van  Zandt,  Gerardus  Duyc- 
kink,  Daniel  Ludlow,  Theophylact  Bache,  Henry 
Item  son,  Peter  Keteltas,  John  Murray,  jr.,  William 
Laight  and  Oliver  Templeton.  John  Broome,  the 
president  of  the  Chamber,  presented  them.  The 
members  of  Congress  called  with  great  prompt 
ness.  Madison  at  once  became  marked  as  the 
President's  chief  adviser,  greatly  to  the  disgust 
of  Senator  Lee.  Gerry,  Ellsworth,  who  was  soon 
taken  from  the  Senate  to  become  Chief  Justice 
and  to  organize  the  Federal  judiciary  system,  of 
which  he  was  the  author;  Hamilton,  who  re- 
entered  official  life  as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury; 
Knox,  who  continued  at  the  head  of  the  War 
Department;  Jay,  First  Chief  Justice  and  then 
Ambassador  to  England;  Carroll  of  Carrollton, 
Boudinot,  Sherman  Read— these  were  welcome 
visitors.  The  Mayor  and  Common  Council  of 
New-York  presented  him  with  resolutions,  while 
civio  societies  by  the  score  paid  their  respects 
to  him. 

The  30th  of  April  brought  with  it  a  crowd  such 
as  New-York  had  never  seen  before.  From  Jersey, 
from  Westchester,  from  Albany  and  the 
river  towns,  from  Connecticut,  and  even 
from  Philadelphia  and  Boston,  the  people 
came  in  flocks  and  droves.  Every  householder 
in  town  was  over  flooded  with  guests  and  the  tav 
erns  were  packed  to  their  uttermost  resources. 
Everybody  seemed  to  be  on  the  street  at  day 
break  and  the  noise  of  booming  cannon,  parad 
ing  bands  and  hurrahing  citizens  began  at  dawn 
and  was  steadily  maintained  thereafter.  The 
first  ceremonious  discharge  of  artillery  was  at 
sunrise  from  the  guns  of  old  Fort  George,  and 
they  were  answered  by  the  men-of-war  at  anchor 
off  the  Battery.  These  set  the  church  bells 
agoing,  and  they  pealed  for  half  an  hour.  Their 
strain  was  repeated  at  9  o'clock  in  a  more  solemn 
tone  as  they  called  the  people  to  a  solemn  service 
of  prayer  preliminary  to  the  great  exercises  of 
the  day.  Throughout  the  morning  the  military 
organizations  were  preparing  for  the  parade, 
scheduled  to  take  place  at  noon.  Both  houses 
met  at  half  past  11,  but  the  Senate  got  into  one 
of  its  discussions  relating  to  the  formalities  of  the 
occasion  and  had  like  not  to  have  got  out  of  it 
before  they  were  over.  The  Vice-President 
started  the  difficulty  by  proposing  the  conundrum. 
What  should  the  Senate  do  while  Washington  de 
livered  his  Inaugural  Address,  sit  or  stand  ?  So 
serious  a  matter  as  this  was,  of  course,  not  to  be 
lightly  disposed  of,  and  the  experience  of  Senators 
who  had  attended  Parliament  during  the  delivery 
of  a  speech  from  the  throne  was  recited  amid  bated 
breaths.  They  were  agreed  that  the  "  Lords  sat 
and  the  Commons  stood.''  Some  Senators  were 
disposed  to  minimize  the  matter  and  provokingly 
contended  that  there  were  no  Lords  in  America, 
but  that  all,  Senators  and  Representatives  alike, 


108 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


were  commoners.  Others,  still  less  alive  to  the 
dignities  of  the  station,  hinted  that  the  only  rea 
son  why  the  Commons  stood  was  because  they 
had  nothing  near  to  sit  down  on.  The  debate 
was  still  at  its  height  when  the  door  opened  and 
in  walked  the  Speaker  and  the  House.  It  was  a 
dreadful  trial  for  the  Senators  to  be  thus  inter 
rupted,  but  they  made  the  best  of  it. 

Meanwhile,  the  procession  was  slowly  getting 
under  way  at  Washington's  house  in  Franklin 
Square.  The  route  lay  through  Queen  and  Dock 
sts.,  or  through  the  Pearl-st.  of  to-day,  to  Broad, 
and  then  up  Broad  to  Federal  Hall.  On  account 
of  the  crowd  there  was  much  delay  in  moving  the 
procession,  which  got  otf,  however,  shortly  after 
noon,  attended,  escorted  and  followed  by  prac 
tically  the  whole  of  New- York.  Not  only  was 
this  the  first  of  this  class  of  processions,  but  it 
was  in  every  way  a  novelty  to  the  people,  and 
they  were  as  thoroughly  aroused  as  human  nature 
could  be.  The  cheering  was  maintained  in  such 
a  continuous  storm  that,  though  the  band  that) 
preceded  Washington  did  its  worthy  best  and 
played  the  martial  music  of  the  day  with  its 
utmost  vigor,  scarcely  so  much  as  a  strain  of  its 
rhapsodies  could  be  caught  twenty  feet  away. 

The  President  sat  in  his  own  coach,  with  Colonel 
Humphreys  by  his  side.  Four  horses  drew  the 
coach,  each  of  tnem  attended  by  a  groom,  while 
civil  officers  on  horseback,  led  by  the  sheriff  of  the 
county,  Robert  Boyd,  rode  on  either  side.  Colonel 
Morgan  Lewis,  who  lived  to  be  a  guest  of  honor  at 
the  semi-centennial  celebration  fiity  years  ago, 
was  the  grand  marshal,  and  with  his  aids,  Majors 
Van  Home  and  Morton,  he  led  the  procession.  The 
first  brigade  consisted  of  a  regiment  of  cavalry  and 
another  of  artillery,  and  following  these  came  two 
battalion  of  grenadiers.  Captain  Harsin,  de 
scribed  by  an  enthusiastic  young  woman  in  a  let 
ter  to  her  aunt  as  "  big  and  magnificent,"  com 
manded  the  first  brigade,  which  was  composed 
solely  of  "  six-footers,"  dressed  in  blue  with  wide 
red  facings  and  ornaments  of  gold.  In  their 
cocked  hats  they  wore  white  plumes.  Their  waist 
coats  were  white  and  their  breeches  buff.  The 
second  was  Captain  Scriba's  German  battalion, 
which  was  much  admired,  as  well  for  its  perfect 
marching  as  for  its  picturesque  uniform  of  blue 
coats,  yellow  waistcoats  and  breeches,  the  whole 
topped  off  with  enormous  black  bearskin  helmets. 
Several  companies  of  infantry  followed,  led  by 
Major  Becker  and  Major  Chrystie,  and  then  came 
the  band.  The  Presidential  coach  succeeded,  its 
windows  open  and  Washington  within,  bowing 
first  through  one  opening  and  then  through  the 
other  in  response  to  the  cheers.  Directly  in  front 
of  the  President's  coach  were  the  three  Senators  in 
attendance  upon  him,  Richard  Henry  Lee,  Tristram 
Dalton  and  Ralph  Izard,  whose  mission  to  Eng 
land,  afterward  undertaken,  signally  failed,  largely 
for  the  reason  that  he  declined  to  bow  his  knee  to 
the  King,  which,  said  this  sturdy  republican,  "  I 
will  never  do  to  any  one  alive."  The  Committee 
of  the  House  followed  the  President.  These  were 
Egbert  Benson,  Fisher  Ames,  the  most  eloquent 
man  in  Congress,  and  Daniel  Carroll.  John  Jay, 


General  Knox,  Chancellor  Livingston.  Arthur  Lee; 
Samuel  Osgood,  and  the  French  and  Spanish  Am 
bassadors,  together  with  a  large  number  of  men 
locally  prominent,  completed  the  procession. 

All  along  the  line  of  march  were  patriotic  dis 
plays  which  for  richness,  variety  and  profuseness 
could  not  have  been  outdone.  Many  houses  were 
completely  covered  with  flags  and  bunting,  and 
conspicuously  written  in  these  or  wrought  out  in 
floral  designs  of  marvellous  beauty  and  suspended 
over  doors  and  windows,  everywhere  was  the  be 
loved  name  which  to  the  exclusion  of  all  others 
was  in  every  one's  heart  and  mind  that  day.  The 
procession  halted  when  about  600  feet  from  the 
entrance  to  Federal  Hall,  and  the  soldiers  cleared 
a  path  for  the  President's  carriage,  which  ad 
vanced  as  far  as  Wall-st.  Here  Washington 
alighted  and  stood  out  among  the  people,  while 
such  another  shout  arose  into  the  heavens  as  the 
air  had  not  been  freighted  with  in  many  a  day.  It 
was  the  spontaneous  outcry  of  a  people  surcharged 
with  happiness,  few  of  whom  had  thought  to  live 
to  see  this  glorious  ending  of  all  their  sacrifice 
and  misery. 

Under  the  conduct  of  the  Congressional  Com 
mittee,  Washington  proceeded  through  the  court 
of  the  Federal  Building  up  into  the  Senate  Cham 
ber.  The  Vice-President  and  the  Speaker  of  the 
House  were  standing,  as  he  entered,  the  one  on 
the  right  and  the  other  on  the  left  of  the  Vice- 
President's  desk.  Below,  grouped  upon  the  floor, 
were  both  houses.  Through  the  aisle  which 
separated  them  Washington  advanced,  bowing 
with  grave  dignity  on  either  hand.  Adams  stepped 
down  upon  the  Qoor,  and  offering  his  arm,  escorted 
the  President  to  the  chair.  There  was  a  moment's 
solemn  hush,  and  then  Mr.  Adams,  his  voice 
breaking  sharply  on  the  stillness  of  the  chamber, 
said:  "Sir,  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  of  the  United  States  of  America  are 
ready  to  attend  you  to  take  the  oath  prescribed 
by  the  Constitution.  It  will  be  administered  by 
the  Honorable,  the  Chancellor  of  the  State  of 
New-York." 

«  I  am  ready  to  proceed,"  replied  Washington. 
He  arose  and  walked  between  Adams  and  Living 
ston  out  upon  the  open  balcony  in  the  full  sight 
of  the  people,  where  by  a  special  resolution  of 
Confess  the  ceremony  was  appointed  to  t 
place  As  many  Members  of  Congress  as  the 
balcony  would  hold  crowded  out  upon  it,  and 
with  these  were  also  Governor  Clinton,  General 
Knox,  General  St.  Clair  and  Baron  Steuben. 
spectacle  presented  in  the  streets  below  is  one  not 
unfamiliar  to  the  people  of  to-day  who  are  accus 
tomed  during  political  campaigns  to  assembL 
upon  this  same  spot  to  hear  speeches  made  from 
the  steps  of  the  Sub-Treasury  building.  But 
may  well  be  doubted  if  any  such  scene  has  ever 
been  presented  in  this  assembly  ground  of  busy 
men  as  the  eyes  of  Washington  gazed  upon  on 
that  birthday  of  free  government.  Dressed  in  a 
plain  suit  of  dark  brown  cloth,  with  his  hair 
powdered  and  bagged,  wearing  white  silk  stock 
ings  and  a  short  dress  sword,  he  stepped  directly 
forward  to  the  balcony  railing,  placed  his  hand 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


109 


upon  his  heart  and  bowed  low  to  the  people  ho 
loved  so  well  and  had  so  faithfully  served.  His 
appearance  was  greeted  with  a  magnilicent  testi 
monial  of  popular  devotion.  Hats  flew  into  the 
air.  Flags  and  banners  were  thrown  upon  the 
breeze,  and  in  a  grand  chorus  of  acclamation  the 
people  gave  vent  to  their  joy  and  their  love. 
They  filled  the  open  space  in  front  of  the  hall. 
They  extended  up  and  down  Wall-st.  and  far 
into  Broad.  Every  house-top  was  covered,  every 
wide-open  window  filled.  A  thousand  little  hand 
kerchiefs  fluttered  from  jewelled  fingers  that 
paused  only  to  begin  again.  Running  through 
the  volume  of  welcoming  sound  that  rose  and 
died  away  and  rose  again,  there  was  a 
vein  of  prayerful  monotone  produced  by 
solemn  cries  of  "God  bless  our  Washington  1" 
Never  was  king  or  conqueror  the  recipient  of  such 
expressions  of  popular  feeling.  They  were  possi 
ble  only  to  a  man  the  glory  of  whose  deeds  was 
obscured  by  no  selfish  desire  fop  power,  and  whose 
triumphs  were  the  triumphs  of  the  people. 

Washington  afterward  confessed  that  the  emo 
tion  which  came  over  him  at  this  moment  com 
pletely  unnerved  him.  He  bent  low  his  majestic 
figure,  that  at  its  full  height  towered  above  all 
those  around  him,  and  bent  it  again  and  again. 
Then,  as  if  unable  longer  to  keep  upon  his  leet, 
he  withdrew  from  the  railing  and  sat  in  an  arm 
chair  that  had  been  placed  in  the  centre  of  the 
balcony.  Instantly  the  cheering  ceased,  a/nd  every 
ear  was  inclined  to  hear  the  ceremonies  about  to 
begin.  In  another  minute  Washington  arose  and 
came  forward  again,  making  a  slight  salutation 
to  Chancellor  Livingston.  The  Secretary  of  the 
Senate,  Mr.  Otis,  stood  between  the  two,  holding: 
an  open  Bible,  upon  which  Washington's  right 
hand  reverently  rested. 

Livingston  read  the  oath.  "  You  do  solemnly 
swear,"  he  said,  "  that  you  will  faithfully  execute 
the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States,  and 
will,  to  the  best  of  your  ability,  preserve,  protect 
and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

Washington's  response  came  forth  in  low  tones, 
but  enunciated  with  a  slow  distinctness  and  so 
great  a  measure  of  feeling  as  to  propel  them  far 
out  among  the  crowd.  "  I  do  solemnly  swear," 
he  repeated,  "  that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the 
office  of  President  of  the  United  States,  and  will. 
to  the  best  of  my  ability,  preserve,  protect  and 
defend  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States." 
Then  he  lifted  his  eyes  for  a  moment  toward  the 
Heaven  whence,  throughout  his  career,  he  pro 
fessed  ever  to  have  drawn  inspiration,  and  said, 
"  So— help— me— God  1"  He  bent  over  the  Bible 
and  kissed  its  open  page.  He  was  the  President. 

Instantly  the  flag  flew  aloft  from  the  cupola  of 
the  hall.  Again  the  people  cheered  and  cheered 
until  the  air  was  filled  with  the  noise  of  tlieir  re 
joicings.  From  the  battery  and  the  forts  a  hun 
dred  guns  boomed  forth  heaviest  discharges,  while 
all  the  bells  of  the  town  swung  back  and  forth  in 
a  delirium  of  sound.  The  President  made  a  final 
bow  to  the  multitude  and  walked  back  into  the 
Senate  Chamber. 


Congress  immediately  resumed  its  joint  session, 
and  Adams  announced  that  it  was  u  the  Presi 
dent's  pleasure  to  address  the  Sonate  and  the 
House."  As  Washington  arose  the  two  hous?§  arose, 
despite  the  fact  that  in  Parliament  "  the  Lords  sat 
and  the  Commons  stood."  The  President  had  not 
yet  recovered  his  composure.  He  read  his  ad 
dress  from  manuscript,  but  he  had  become  so  ner 
vous  that  it  was  with  difficulty  he  made  himself 
understood.  His  hands  trembled,  his  usually  pale 
face  was  startlingly  white.  He  made  painful 
pauses  and  awkward  gestures.  One  of  the  Sena 
tors  present  in  recording  these  indications  of  em 
barrassment  adds  that  he  himself  "  felt  much  hurt 
that  this  first  of  men  was  not  the  first  in  every 
thing."  This  speech,  which  Madison  had  rendered 
considerable  assistance  in  preparing,  was  as  fol 
lows  : 

INAUGURAL  ADDRESS. 

Fellow-Citizens  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  : 

Among  the  vicissitudes  Incident  to  life,  no  event 
could  have  tilled  me  with  greater  anxieties,  than 
that  of  which  the  notification  was  transmitted  by 
your  order,  and  received  on  the  14th  day  of  this 
month.  On  the  one  hand  I  was  summoned  by  my 
country,  whose  voice  I  can  never  hear  but  with 
veneration  and  love,  from  a  retreat  which  I  had 
chosen  with  the  fondest  predilection,  and,  in  my 
flattering  hopes,  with  an  immutable  decision,  as 
the  asylum  of  my  declining  years ;  a  retreat  which 
was  rendered  every  day  more  necessary  and  more 
dear  to  me,  by  the  addition  of  habit  to  inclination, 
and  of  frequent  interruptions  in  my  health  to  the 
gradual  waste  committed  on  it  by  time.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  magnitude  and  difficulty  of  the 
trust,  to  which  the  voice  of  my  country  called  me, 
being  sufficient  to  awaken  in  the 
wisest  and  most  experienced  of  her 
citizens  a  distrustful  scrutiny  into  his  qualifica 
tions,  could  not  but  overwhelm  with  desoondency 
one,  who,  inheriting  inferior  endowments  from 
nature,  and  unpractised  in  the  duties  of  civil 
administration,  ought  to  be  peculiarly  conscious 
of  his  own  deficiencies.  In  this  conflict  of  emo 
tions,  all  I  dare  aver  is,  that  it  has  been  my  faith 
ful  study  to  collect  my  duty  from  a  just  appre 
ciation  of  every  circumstance  by  which  it  might 
be  affected.  All  I  dare  hope  is,  that,  if  in  execute 
ing  this  task,  I  have  been  too  much  swayed  by  a 
grateful  remembrance  of  former  instances,  or  by 
an  affectionate  sensibility  to  this  transcendent 
proof  of  the  confidence  of  my  fellow-citizens ;  and 
have  thence  too  little  consulted  my  capacity  as 
well  as  disinclination  for  the  weighty  and  untried 
cares  before  me;  my  error  will  be  palliated  by 
the  motives  wtich  misled  me,  and  its  consequences 
be  judged  by  my  country  with  some  share  of  the 
partiality  in  which  they  originated. 

Such  being  the  impressions  under  which  I 
have,  in  obedience  to  the  public  summons,  re 
paired  to  the  present  station,  it  would  be  pecu 
liarly  improper  to  omit,  in  the  first  official  act, 
my  fervent  supplications  to  that  Almighty  Being, 
who  rules  over  the  universe,  who  presides  in  the 
councils  of  nations,  and  whose  providential  aids 


110 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


can  supply  every  human  defect,  that  his  b  cue- 
diction  may  consecrate  to  the  liberties  and  happi 
ness  of  the  people  of  the  United  States,  a  govern 
ment  instituted  by  themselves  for  these  essential 
purposes,  and  may  enable  every  instrument  em 
ployed  in  its  administration  to  execute  with 
success  the  functions  allotted  to  his  charge. 
In  tendering  this  homage  to  the  great  Author 
of  every  public  and  private  good,  I  assure  myself 
that  it  expresses  your  sentiments  not  less  than 
my  own ;  nor  those  of  my  fellow-citizens  at  large, 
less  than  either.  No  people  can  be  bound  to 
acknowledge  and  adore  the  Invisible  Hand,  which 
conducts  the  affairs  of  men,  more  than  the  people 
of  the  United  States.  Every  step,  by  which  they 
have  advanced  to  the  character  of  an 
independent  Nation,  seems  to  have  been  distin 
guished  by  some  token  of  providential  agency. 
And  in  the  important  revolution  just  accomplished 
in  the  system  of  their  united  government,  the 
tranquil  deliberations  and  voluntary  consent  of 
so  many  distinct  communities,  from  which  the 
event  has  resulted,  can  not  be  compared  with  the 
means  by  which  most  governments  have 
been  established,  without  some  return  of 
pious  gratitude  along  with  an  humble  anticipa 
tion  of  the  future  blessings  which  the  past  seems 
to  presage.  These  reflections,  rising  out  of  the 
present  crisis,  have  forced  themselves  upon  my 
mind  too  strongly  to  be  suppressed.  You  will 
join  with  me,  I  trust,  in  thinking  that  there  are 
none,  under  the  influence  of  which  the  proceed 
ings  of  a  new  and  free  government  can  more 
auspiciously  begin. 

By  the  article  establishing  the  Executive  De 
partment,  it  is  made  the  duty  of  the  President 
to  recommend  to  your  consideration  such  measures 
as  he  shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient.  The 
circumstances  under  which  I  now  meet  you,  will 
acquit  me  from  entering  into  that  subject  farther 
than  to  refer  you  to  the  great  constitutional 
charter  under  which  we  are  assembled ;  and  which, 
in  defining  your  powers,  designates  the  object 
to  which  your  attention  is  to  be  given.  It  will 
be  more  consistent  with  those  circumstances, 
and  far  more  congenial  with  the  feelings  which 
actuate  me,  to  substitute,  in  place  of  a  recom 
mendation  of  partio.ilu-  measures,  the  tribute 
that  is  due  to  the  talents,  the  rectitude  and  the 
patriotism  which  adorn  the  characters  selected 
to  devise  and  adopt  them.  In  these  honorable 
qualifications  I  behold  the  surest  pledges,  that 
as,  on  one  side,  no  local  prejudices  or  attach 
ments,  no  separate  views  or  party  animosities, 
will  misdirect  the  comprehensive  and  equal  eye, 
which  ought  to  watcL  over  this  great  assemblage 
of  cominu  aities  and  interests;  so,  on 
another,  that  the  foundations  of  our 
national  policy?  will  be  laid  in  the 
pure  and  immutable  principles  of  private 
morality,  and  the  pre-eminence  of  a  free  govern 
ment  be  exemplified  by  all  the  attributes  which  can 
win  the  affections  of  its  citizens  and  command  the 
respect  ol  the  world. 

1  dwell  on  this  prospect  with  every  satisfac 
tion  which  an  ardent  love  for  my  country  can  in 
spire;  since  there  is  no  truth  more  thoroughly  es 
tablished  than  that  there  exists  in  the  economy 
and  course  of  nature  an  indissoluble  union  between 
virtue  and  happiness,  between  duty  and  advan 
tage,  between  the  genuine  maxims  of  an  honest 
and  magnanimous  policy,  and  the  solid  rewards  of 
public  prosperity  and  felicity ;  since  we  ought  to  be 
no  less  persuaded  that  the  propitious  smiles  of 
Heaven  can  never  be  expected  on  a  nation  that  dis 
regards  the  eternal  rules  of  order  and  right,  which 
Heaven  itself  has  ordained;  and  since  the  preser 
vation  of  the  sacred  fire  of  liberty,  and  the  des 
tiny  oC  the  republican  model  of  government,  are 


justly  considered  as  deeply,  perhaps  as  finally, 
staked  on  the  experiment  intrusted  to  the  hands 
of  the  American  people. 

Besides  the  ordinary  objects  submitted  to  your 
care,  it  will  remain  with  your  judgment  to  decide, 
how  far  an  exercise  of  the  occasional  power  dele 
gated  by  the  fifth  article  of  the  Constitution,  is 
rendered  expedient  at  the  present  juncture  by  the 
nature  of  objections  which  have  been  urged  again>t 
the  system,  or  by  the  degree  of  inquietude  which 
has  siven  birth  to  them.  Instead  of  undertaking 
particular  recommendations  on  this  subject,  in 
which  1  could  be  guided  by  no  lights  derived  from 
official  opportunities,  I  shall  again  give  way  to 
my  entire  confidence  in  your  discernment  and  pur 
suit  of  the  public  good;  for  1  assure  myself,  that, 
whilst  you  carefully  avoid  every  alteration,  which 
might  endanger  the  benefits  of  a  united  and 
effective  government,  or  which  ought  to  await  the 
future  lessons  of  experience ;  a  reverence  for  the 
characteristic  rights  of  freemen,  and  a  regard 
for  public  harm9ny,  will  sufficiently  in 
fluence  your  deliberations  on  the  ques 
tion,  how  far  the  former  can  be  more  impregnably 
fortified,  or  the  latter  be  safely  and  advantageously 
promoted. 

To  the  preceding  observations  I  have  one  to 
add,  which  will  be  most  properly  addressed  to  the 
House  of  Representatives.  It  concerns  myself, 
and  will,  therefore,  be  as  brief  as  possible.  When 
I  was  first  honored  with  a  call  into  the  service  of 
my  country,  then  on  the  eve  of  an  arduous  strug 
gle  for  its  liberties,  the  light  in  which  I  contem 
plated  my  duty  required  that  I  should  renounce 
every  pecuniary  compensation.  From  this  reso 
lution  I  have  in  no  instance  departed.  And  being 
still  under  the  impression  which  produced  it,  I 
must  decline  as  inapplicable  to  myself  any  share 
in  the  personal  emoluments  which  may  be  indis 
pensably  included  in  a  permanent  provision  for 
the  Executive  department;  and  must  accordingly 
pray  that  the  pecuniary  estimates  for  the  station 
in  which  I  am  placed  may,  during  my  continuance 
in  it,  be  limited  to  such  actual  expenditures  as  the 
public  ffood  may  be  thought  to  require. 

Having  thus  imparted  to  you  my  sentiments, 
as  they  have  been  awakened  by  the  occasion  which 
brings  us  together,  I  shall  take  my  present  leave ; 
but  not  without  resorting  once  more  to  the  benign 
Parent  of  the  human  race,  in  humble  supplication, 
that,  since  He  has  been  pleased  to  favor  the 
American  people  with  opportunities  for  deliberating 
in  perfect  tranquillity,  and  dispositions  for  decid 
ing  with  unparalleled  unanimity  on  a  form  of 
government  for  the  security  of  their  union  and  the 
advancement  of  their  happiness;  so  his  divine 
blessing  may  be  equally  conspicuous  in  the  en 
larged  views,  the  temperate  consultations,  and  the 
wise  measures,  on  which  the  success  of  this  gov 
ernment  must  depend. 

It  had  been  arranged  by  a  special  resolution 
of  Congress  that  a  service  should  be  held  in  St. 
Paul's  Church  immediately  after  the  President 
had  concluded  his  speech.  The  march  from  the 
hall  to  the  church  was  made  under  the  escort 
of  the  same  body  which  had  brought  Washington 
from  his  home  to  the  hall.  The  soldiers  lined 
the  entire  block  around  the  chapel,  as  it  was 
then,  and  drew  up  on  either  side  of  the  walk 
through  the  church-yard  to  the  door  of  the  edi 
fice.  The  entrance  at  that  time  was  not  on  Broad 
way  but  on  Church-st.,  and  the  march  through 
the  yard  was  one  of  the  most  imposing  spectacles 
of  the  day.  Washington  occupied  a  pew  that 
was  reserved  for  him  and  that  is  still  called  by 
his  name.  A  Te  Deum  was  sung  and  a  special 
service  said.  Then  the  President  was  escorted  to 
his  home.  The  inaugural  ceremonies  had  been 
concluded. 

But  the  people  were  by  no  means  through  with 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


ill: 


their  festivities.  They  continued  to  wander 
through  the  streets,  marching  and  cheering  while 
the  daylight  lasted,  and  when  night  camo  every 
body  flocked  to  the  Battery  to  see  the  fireworks. 
Arrangements  had  been  made  for  a  wonderful 
pyrotechnical  display  under  Colonel  Bauman's 
management,  and  all  the  houses  in  town  were 
sympathetically  illumined.  Federal  Hall  was 
ablaze  with  lanterns.  Pictures  of  Washington, 
gilded  with  light,  shone  from  hundreds  of  trans 
parencies,  uue  of  these-,  at  the  old  fort,  particu 
larly  pleased  the  people.  Its  central  figure  was 
the  great  hero  of  the  day,  Washington,  described 
as  Fortitude ;  on  his  right  was  Justice,  intended 
to  represent  the  Senate,  and  on  his  left  Wisdom,  a 
tribute  to  the  House,  "  phrases,"  said  a  spectator, 
*'  most  judiciously  applied ;  for  of  the  first  all 
America  hath  had  the  fullest  evidence,  and  with 
respect  to  the  two  others,  who  doth  not  entertain 
the  most  pleasing  anticipations?" 

The  residences  of  Don  Gardoqui,  the  Spanish 
Ambassador,  and  Count  de  Moustier,  the  French 
Ambassador,  on  Broadway,  had  been  throughout 
the  day  appropriately  dressed  with  flowers,  arches, 
shrubbery  and  emblematic  figures,  and  in  the  even 
ing  they  were  rendered  even  more  beautiful  by 
chains  and  borders  of  lamps,  moving  pictures  and 
fancy  pieces  in  the  windows  and  various  other 
devices  to  give  light  and  color  to  the  scene.  All 
that  existed  in  that  day  in  the  way  of  fireworks 
was  set  off  by  Colonel  Bauman  and  his  tallow  dip. 
Trees,  fountains  and  cascades  ,,f  fire,  crackers,  ser 
pents  and  rockets,  the  letters  of  Washington's  name 
fixed  aloft  in  rapid  succession,  delighted  the 
people.  The  President  viewed  the  spectacle  from 
the  roof  of  the  Livingston  house. 

It  had  been  intended  to  give  a  ball  in  honor 
of  the  inauguration,  but  Mrs.  Washington's  ab 
sence  led  to  its  postponement.  Madame  de  Bre- 
han,  the  French  Ambassador's  sister,  entertained 
the  President  a  few  nights  later  at  a  magnificent 
reception,  which  entranced  New-York  society  and 
furnished  material  for  social  gossip  for  many  a 
day  thereafter.  Mrs.  Washington  did  not  arrive 
in  New- York  until  a  month  after  the  inaugura 
tion.  She  was  received  with  great  ceremony  in 
each  of  ihe  cities  tnrough  which  she  passed.  The 
President  met  her  at  Elizabeth,  and  they  returned 
in  the  same  barge  that  had  brought  him  up  the 
Bay,  and  on  the  day  after  her  instalment  in  the 
Franklin  house  "  The  Official  Gazette"  published 
this  item  of  news,  couched  in  the  quaint  and 
sounding  phrases  of  that  courtly  age : 

The  piincipal  ladies  of  the  city  have,  with  the 
earliest  attention  and  respect,  paid  their  devoirs 
to  the  amiable  consorc  of  our  beloved  President, 
viz,,  The  Lady  of  His  Excellency,  the  Governor, 
Lady  Sterling,  Lady  Mary  Watts,  Lady  Kitty 
Duer,  La  Marchioness  de  Brehan,  the  ladies  of  the 
Most  Hon.  Mr.  Langdon  and  the  Most  Hon.  Mr. 
Dalton,  the  Mayoress,  Mrs.  Livingston,  of  Clcr- 
mont;  Mrs.  Chancellor  Livingston,  the  Miss  Liv 
ingstons,  Lady  Temple,  Madame  de  la  Forest, 
Mrs.  Montgomery,  Mrs.  Knox,  Mrs.  Thompson, 
Mrs.  Gerry,  Mrs.  Edgar,  Mrs.  McComb,  Mrs. 
Lynch,  Mrs.  Houston,  Mrs.  Griffin,  Mrs.  Provost, 
the  Miss  Bayards,  and  a  great  number  of  other 
respectable  characters. 


THE      STATESMAN. 


WASHINGTON'S       POLITICAL      PRINCIPLES 
AND    POLICY. 


INJUNCTIONS     THAT     HAVE     BE.COME     AXIOMS— 
ALMOST    MIRACULOUS    PREVtSION. 

A  comparison  between  those  general  principles 
of  government  the  operation  of  which  is  never 
threatened  by  either  party  at  the  present  day 
and  the  maxims  which  Washington  propounded  to 
i  his  countrymen  in  the  Farewell  Address  might 
profitably  be  considered  in  an  extended  treatise 
The  purpose  of  this  brief  paper  is  to  indicate 
a  few  of  the  results  which  a  mere  surface  examina 
tion  has  been  found  to  yield.  That  document  is 
as  "famous"  as  the  victory  of  Blenheim,  and 
not  much  more  specifically  significant  to  the  men 
and  women  of  to-day  than  was  Marlborough's 
bloody  triumph  to  the  valiant  and  venerable 
Caspar.  There  is  scarcely  a  school-boy  whose 
tongue  is  not  familiar  with  its  title,  nor  one 
adult  in  ten  who  has  more  than  a  shadowy  con- 
ception  of  its  contents.  Moreover,  in  spite  of 
its  historic  renown,  preserved  through  more  than 
nine  decades  and  likely  to  be  perpetual,  there  is 
at  least  an  excuse  for  doubting  if  its  message 
ever  had  a  definite  and  measurable  influence  upon 
the  mould  of  National  thought  and  action.  And 
yet,  if  the  Address  Had  been  adopted  by  universal 
consent  at  the  moment  of  its  appearance  as  an 
infallible  chart  to  steer  by  in  all  weathers  on 
penalty  of  shipwreck,  and  handed  down  from 
father  to  son  as  the  only  safeguard  of  National 
existence,  a  wider  divergence  from  the  course 
therein  prescribed  might  reasonably  have  been 
expected  to  appear  within  a  century  than  that 
which  actually  exists.  If  then,  there  is  no  error  in 
the  hypothesis  that  the  people  of  the  United  States 
have  never  consciously  accepted  Washington's 
farewell  injunctions  as  a  political  decalogue,  the 
conclusion  is  inevitable  that  he  had  an  almost 
faultless  prevision  of  the  manner  in  which  a 
people  so  circumstanced  and  fit  for  self-govern 
ment  on  a  large  scale  must  inevitably  conduct 
their  affairs,;  so  that  the  extraordinary  corre- 
spondence  between  those  prophetic  tracings  and 
the  record  of  our  actual  development  testifies  that 
we  have  been  worthy  of  his  solicitude  rather 
than  that  we  have  been  faithful  to  his  teachings. 
The  word  solicitude  comes  easily  to  the  pen 
after  a  study  of  the  Farewell  Address.  Anxiety 
of  a  despondent  tinge  is  the  keynote  of  that 
production.  There  was  much  in  Washington's 
personal  experience  and  much  in  the  aspect  of 
National  affairs  to  touch  his  reflections  with 
melancholy.  He  longed  for  repose,  but  yet  he 
must  have  felt  that  keen  sense  of  dispossession 
which  no  man  can  escape  who  quits  the  scene  of 
action  after  a  long  exercise  of  power  and  a  long 
enjoyment  of  precedence;  and  when  he  looked 
beyond  himself  he  saw  little  more  than  the  vague 
outlines  of  an  experiment.  No  one  knew  better 
than  he  that  the  checks  and  balances  of  tne 
Constitution  were  the  results  of  calculation  and 
not  of  experience.  No  one  knew  better  than  he 


112 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


that  the  written  law  supplied  no  authentic  guar- 
antee  of  security  and  orderly  development.  No 
one  Imew  better  than  he  that  every  government 
which  is  fit  to  endure  must  derive  its  strength 
from  unprescribed  virtues  and  sacrifices.  Be 
tween  the  lines  of  the  Constitution  he  read  the 
unwritten  conditions  of  National  prosperity. 

Moreover,  Washington  had  been  personally  as. 
Mxiled  in  a  manner  so  wanton  and  so  malignant 
that  the  record  of  political  controversies  since 
his  time  may  be  searched  without  finding;  fit 
parallel  to  that  chorus  of  defamation.  How  deep 
an  impression  was  made  upon  his  own  mind  by 
these  assaults  those  who  venerate  his  memory  to- 
day  are  better  able  to  judge  than  the  most  de 
voted  of  his  contemporaries.  He  was  of  course 
conscious  of  his  own  integrity  and  unselfishness, 
but  more  than  this,  his  consummate  intuition 
must  have  convinced  him  of  the  essential  sound 
ness  of  his  political  orinciples  and  policy;  so  that 
he  was  justified  in  apprehending  that  the  blindness 
and  bitterness  which  dictated  open  aversion  to 
his  character  and  boasted  of  open  hostility  to  his 
purposes  would  be  effectual  in  overthrowing  all 
that  he  valued  most  in  the  new  system  of  gov 
ernment.  Such  reflections  as  these,  in  part  per. 
sonal,  but  not  the  less  on  that  account  involving 
the  fair  young  fabric  of  Nationality,  may  reason- 
ably  be  supposed  to  explain  the  oppression  of 
spirit  under  which  the  Farewell  Address  was 
written.  They  suggest,  in  addition,  a  sufficient 
cause  for  that  stern  rebuke  of  party  organiza 
tion  and  party  zeal  which  seems  to  modern  in 
telligence  to  have  been  inspired  by  the  only  dis 
torted  image  in  the  mind  of  Washington.  Every 
benevolent  partisan  deprecates  the  passion  and 
prejudice  which  our  political  rivalries  engender, 
but  there  is  no  sagacious  lover  of  his  country 
who  does  not  regard  them  as  more  tolerable  and 
less  menacing .  than  placid  acquiescence  in  the 
assumption  of  authority  claimed  or  conceded  with, 
out  a  contest.  Washington  feared  that,  like  the 
reptile  which  came  out  of  the  fire  and  fastened 
upon  the  hand  of  Paul,  there  would  emerge  from 
the  flames  of  party  strife  an  oligarchy  so  tenacious 
that  the  young  Republic  would  be  unable  to 
shake  off  the  venomous  beast.  We  believe  to-day 
that  the  other  extreme  is  the  more  dangerous, 
that  our  fierce  struggles  for  supremacy  supply  the 
strongest  defence  against  usurpation,  and  that 
freedom  is  kept  bright  by  friction. 

Upon  this  single  point  alone  experience  has 
discredited  the  judgment  of  Washington.  Dis 
carding  this  we  find  that  the  Farewell  Address 
comprises  six  primary  injunctions,  from  each  of 
which  numerous  subsidiary  observations  naturally 
flow.  The  heads  of  his  discourse  are  these : 
The  paramount  obligation  of  unity;  the  inviola 
bility  of  the  Constitution;  the  independence  of 
the  co-ordinate  branches  of  Government;  the 
cultivation  of  religion,  morality,'  and  the  means 
of  education;  the  preservation  of  the  public 
credit;  conservative  friendship  and  intercourse 
with  foreign  nations.  Merely  to  state  the  broad 
propositions  of  Washington  in  respect  to  these 
six  conditions  of  National  .well-being  is  to  discover 


that  every  one  of  them  has  become  a  political 
axiom;  but  still  more  expressive  of  Washington's 
penetrating  intelligence  is  the  further  discovery 
that  no  single  amplification  of  his  theme  has  so 
much  as  grown  old-fashioned  in  the  lapse  of 
ninety-two  years.  There  have  been  periods  in 
our  history  when  the  prevailing  sentiment  of  a 
party  or  a  section  has  diverged  lamentably  from 
more  than  one  of  the  principles  which  he  laid 
down,  and  the  recovery  is  not  even  yet  perfect 
in  every  instance ;  but  no  open  defence  of  such  a 
deviation  could  longer  be  urged  with  any  hope 
of  general  acceptance. 

Especially  significant  is  the  stress  which  Wash 
ington  lays  upon  the  appeal  which  National  unity 
makes  to  sentiment  as  distinguished  from 
interest.  When  Constitutional  Government  was 
only  eight  years  old  he  felt  the  magic  and  the 
potency  of  the  word  American,  and,  more  sur 
prising  still,  he  did  not  distrust  the  sovereignty 
behind  the  name.  We  occasionally  encounter  even 
not  a  despondent  soul  who  doubts  the  ca 
pacity  of  free  institutions  to  maintain  their 
authority  over  a  territory  so  wide  and  a  popula 
tion  so  fast  and  so  prolific.  Washington  looked 
with  unfaltering  eyes  from  the  narrow  fringe 
of  settlements  along  the  coast  beyond  the  isolated 
communities  of  the  interior,  and  declared  that  it 
was  criminal  to  iis/ten  to  speculation.  Let 
experience  solve  the  question,  he  wrote;  and, 
like  Webster  forty  years  later,  he  would  not 
seek  to  penetrate  the  veil  and  see  what  lay 
beyond  disunion. 

Washington  knew  that  respect  for  the  Con 
stitution  would  be  weakened  by  miscellaneous 
;  inroads  upon  its  principles,  and  dreaded  its  trans 
formation  by  amendment  into  something  radically 
different  from  the  original  bond.  It  is  an  extra 01- 
|  dinary  fact  that  only  one  amendment  was 
I  enacted,  though  hundreds  were  proposed,  between 
!  the  date  of  the  Farewell  Address  and  the  close 
I  of  the  Rebellion,  while  the  three  which  since  then 
i  have  become  a  part  of  the  fundamental  law  were 
!  not  conceived  in  an  idle  spirit  of  innovation,  but 
j  flowed  logically  and  inevitably  from  the  unsuccess- 
I  ful  issue  of  an  attempt  to  disrupt  the  Union. 
i  The  principles  of  the  Constitution  have  never 
!  been  successfully  invaded,  and  the  spirit  of 
\  innovation  is  far  less  active  now  than  it  was 
j  in  the  first  half  of  the  century. 

Nor  has  the  kindred   possibility   of  encroach- 
i  ment   by    one   department   of   Government   upon 
j  another  been  realized.     The  vigorous  denunciation 
j  which  follows  the  occasional  manifestation  of  a 
j  tendency  on  the  part  of  the  Executive  branch 
to  disregard  the  expressed  will  of  the  Legislative, 
as    for    instance    under    President    Cleveland    in 
connection  with  the  Fisheries  dispute,  is  not  less 
satisfactory  and  less  hopeful  for  the  future  than 
popular  acquiescence  in  the  failure  of  the  Legis 
lative  branch  to  overawe  the  Executive,  as  during 
the    Administration    of    President    Hayes.     It    is 
unnecessary  to  allude  to  alleged  breaches  made 
in  the  Constitution  during  the  hurricane  of  civil 
war,    further   than  to   say  that  self-preservation 
is  the  first  law  of  nations  as  wel?  as  of  individuals. 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


113 


We  often  hear  the  assertion,  sometimes  flippant 
and  sometimes  regretful,  that  respect  for  religion 
and  morality  has  declined,  and  it  is  possible  that 
even  the  discernment  of  Washington  would  be  at 
fault  if  he  were  suddenly  brought  face  to  face 
with  modern  civilization;  but  it  is  the  spirit 
that  quickeneth,  and  we  are  not  yet  compelled 
to  admit  that  the  spiritual  forces  behind  new 
forms  of  thought  and  new  modes  of  expression 
are  lelss  vital  and  pervasive  than  they  ever 
were.  And  certainly  "  institutions  for  the  general 
diffusion  of  knowledge,"  which  Washington  in 
cluded  with  religion  and  morality  among  the 
inexorable  conditions  of  national  existence,  have 
multiplied  to  an  extent  which  he  could  never 
have  imagined. 

When  Washington  enjoined  upon  his  country 
men  the  sacred  preservation  of  the  public  credit 
the  possibility  of  such  an  expenditure  as  the  Na 
tion  was  forced  to  make  between  1861  amd  1865 
in  defence  of  its  life  was  simply  inconceivable, 
but  the  duty  of  discharging  in  peace  the  debts  in 
curred  in  war  has  been  so  rigidly  construed  as  to 
present  one  of  the  noblest  manifestations  of  na 
tional  character  the  world  has  ever  seen.  We 
are  no  longer  in  danger  of  "  ungenerously  throw 
ing  upon  posterity  the  biuthen  which  we  ourselves 
ought  to  bear,"  but  rather  of  accepting  too  large 
a  share  of  the  sacrifices,  which  were  made  not  less 
for  posterity  than  for  ourselves. 

No  part  of  the  Farewell  Address  is  more  solemn 
and  insistent,  and  none  applies  a  more  searching 
test  of  Washington's  amazing  foresight  than  the 
part  which  discusses  our  foreign  relations.  It 
corresponds  so  perfectly  not  only  to  our  unchange 
able  policy,  but  to  the  universal  sentiment,  that  if 
it  had  been  the  first  article  of  the  Constitution,  in 
stead  of  an  individual's  free-will  offering,  it  could 
not  have  been  more  explicitly  adhered  to.  Wash 
ington  urged  the  people  to  friendship  with  all 
nations,  and  warned  them  against  "  inveterate 
antipathies"  and  "  passionate  attachments."  It  is 
an  extraordinry  thing,  when  human  frailties  and 
the  vicissitudes  of  a  century  are  considered,  that 
there  should  be  to-day  no  country  in  the  world 
for  which  as  a  political  entity,  or  for  whose  citi 
zens  as  social  units,  the  Government  and  people  of 
the  United  States  have  either  a  paramount  affec 
tion  or  a  rooted  dislike.  Until  one  has  made  a 
mental  circuit  of  the  globe  in  search  of  an  excep 
tion,  he  fails  to  realize  the  fact  and  its  singularity. 
It  costs  us  no  effort  to  hold  the  scales  even,  be 
cause  there  is  no  temptation  to  tip  them.  We 
have  more  in  common  with  our  kin  beyond  the  sea 
than  with  any  other  foreign  people;  their  civiliza 
tion  is  intelligible  and  congenial  to  our  own,  and 
a  thousand  individual  ties  unite  us,  but  the  com 
munity  of  laws,  of  language  and  of  race,  so  far 
from  kindling  a  "  passionate  attachment,"  has 
not  even  inspired  a  universal  preference.  Still 
more  fortunate,  if  not  more  remarkable,  is  it  that 
no  foreign  nation  is  so  widely  separated  from  us  in 
instincts  and  understanding  as  to  have  become  the 
object  of  an  "  inveterate  antipathy."  There  are 
nations  whose  ways  are  not  our  ways,  whose 
thoughts  are  not  our  thoughts,  and  whose  systems 
of  government  are  the  very  antipodes  of  freedom, 
but  all  that  we  are  able  to  find  in  our  hearts 
against  them  is  a  lack  of  sympathy.  This  state 
of  feeling  has  become  a  second  nature,  but  if 
there  were  no  other  evidence  of  the  fact,  Wash 
ington's  earnest  longing  that  we  might  attain 
unto  it  is  conclusive  evidence  that  it  is  not  native, 
but  acquired.  How  wonderful,  again,  the  rela 
tion  between  prophetic  entreaty  and  practical 
fulfilment! 

This  brief  analysis  will  not  be  valueless  if  it 
suggests  to  even  a  few  of  The  Tribune  readers  an 
attentive  study  of  the  Farewell  Address.  That 
outflow  of  a  lofty  spirit  furnished  to  the  con 
temporaries  of  Washington  an  imperfectly  recog 
nized  measure  of  his  sagacity  and  devotion.  To 
ingenuous  minds  in  every  generation  until  the 
end  of  time  it  must  appear  almost  miraculous. 


THE    GENERAL, 


-  ORDERS  ISSUED  BY  HIS  EXCELLENCY." 


THE  GOD-FEARING    SOLDIER-HIS  THOUGHTFUL- 
NESS  OF  HIS  MEN. 

What  Librarian  Spofford  regards  as  one  of  the 

most  precious  treasures  in  the  great  Library  of 

Congress  is  a  modest  manuscript  volume,  yellow 

with  age,  upon  the  first  page  of  which  is  written : 

"  Orders  Issued  by  His  Excellency, 

General  Washington, 

Anino  Domini 

1778." 

It  is  not  an  autograph,  but  is  a  literal  transcript 
of  the  original,  made,  as  the  last  page  shows,  by 
"  Captain  Dexter,  A.  G." 

Said  Mr.  Spofford  to  a  friend  recently:  "  It  Is 
a  book  which  every  man,  especially  every  Amer 
ican,  can  read  with  profit,  and  the  study  of  which 
will  increase  his  admiration  for  Washington." 

The  volume  covers  a  period  which  antedates  by 
eleven  years  the  beginning  of  the  Government 
under  the  Constitution,  the  Centennial  of  which 
is  to  be  celebrated  next  week.  It  was  the  crucial 
period  of  the  Revolution,  and  if  Washington  had 
been  less  strong,  less  able,  patient  and  devoted 
then,  it  may  well  be  doubted  whether  his  tri 
umphal  journey  from  Mount  Vernon  to  New-York 
eleven  years  later  would  ever  have  been  per 
formed. 

The  daily  entries  from  January  1  to  June  18 
are  dated  at  Valley  Forge,  and  they  exhibit  in  a 
strong  light  some  of  the  characteristics  of  Wash 
ington,  which  it  will  be  profitable  to  recall  at  this 
time. 

February  had  been  a  month  of  great  and  unus 
ual  deprivation  and  suffering  for  the  little  army 
at  Valley  Forge,  and  on  Sunday,  March  1,  Wash 
ington  published  in  general  orders  this  appeal  to 
the  patriotism  and  constancy  of  his  soldiers,  which 
is  worth  reading  again  now: 

The  Commander-in-Chief  takes  occasion  to  re 
turn  his  earnest  thanks  to  the  virtuous  Officers 
and  Soldiery  of  this  Army  for  that  persevering 
fidelity  and  Zeal  which  they  have  uniformly  mani 
fested  in  all  their  conduct;  their  fortitude  not 
only  under  the  common  hardships  incident  to  a 
military  life,  but  also  under  the  additional  suffer 
ings  to  which  the  peculiar  situations  of  these 
States  have  exposed  them,  clearly  proves  them 
worthy  of  the  enviable  privilege  of  contending  for 
the  rights  of  human  nature,  the  Freedom  and  In 
dependence  of  their  country.  The  recent  Instance 
of  uncomplaining  Patience  during  the  Scarcity  of 
provisions  in  Camp  is  a  fresh  proof  that  -ihey 
possess  in  an  eminent  degree  the  Spirit  of  Soldiers 
;md  the  magiin'nimity  of  Patriots.  The  few"  re 
fractory  individuals  who  disgrace  themselves  by 
murmurs,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  have  repented  such 
unmanly  behaviour,  and  resolved  to  emulate  the 
no"ble  examples  of  their  associates  upon  every  trial 
which  the  customary  casualties  of  war  may  here 
after  throw  in  their  way.  Occasional  distress  for 
want  of  provisions  and  other  necessaries  is  a 
spectacle  that  frequently  occurs  in  every  &J&&Y, 
and  perhaps  there  never  was  one  which  has  been 
in  general  so  plentifully  supplied  in  respect  to  the 
former  as  ours.  Surely  we,  who  are  free  Citizens 
in  Arms,  engaged  in  a  Struggle  for  everything 
valuable  in  Society,  and  partaking  in  the  glorious 


114 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


task  of  laying  the  foundations  of  an  Empire, 
should  scorn  effeminately  to  shrink  under  those 
accidents  and  rigours  of  war  which  mercenary- 
hirelings,  fighting  in  the  Cause  of  lawless  ambi 
tion,  rapine  and  devastation,  encounter  with 
cheerfulness  and  alacrity,  we  should  not  be  merely 
equal,  we  should  be  superior  to  them  in  every 
gratification  that  dignifies  the  man  or  the  Soldier 
in  proportion  as  the  motive  from  which  we  act  and 
the  final  hopes  of  our  toil  are  Suonrioi  tc  theirs. 
Thank  Heaven!  our  country  abounds  with  pri- 
Yisioiis,  and  with  j.rudent  management  AVC  need 
not  apprehend  want  for  any  length  of  time.  Defects 
in  the  Commissaries'  Department,  Contingencies 
of  weather  and  other  temporary  impediments  have 
subjected  and  may  again  subject  us  to  a  deficiency 
for  a  few  days ;  but,  Soldiers  1  American  Soldiers ! 
will  despise  the  murmurs  of  repining  at  such 
trifling  Strokes  of  Adversity,  trifling  indeed  when 
compared  to  tht»  transcendent  Pn/e  which  will  un 
doubtedly  crown  their  Patience  and  Perseverance 
—Glory  mid  Freedom,  Peace  and  Plenty  to  them 
selves  and  the  comra.mity;  The  Admiration  of  the 
World,  the  Love  of  their  Country  and  the  Grati 
tude  of  Posterity 

The  General  unceasingly  employs  his  thoughts 
on  the  Means  of  relieving  your  distresses,  supply 
ing  your  wants  and  bringing  your  labors  to  a 
speedy  and  prosperous  issue.  Our  Parent  Coun 
try,  he  hopes,  will  second  his  endeavors  by  the 
most  vigorous  exertions,  and  he  is  convinced  the 
faithful  officers  and  soldiers  associated  with  him 
in  the  great  work  of  rescuing  our  Country  from 
Bondage  and  misery  will  continue  in  the  display 
of  that  patriotic  zeal  which  is  capable  of  Smooth 
ing  every  difficulty  and  Vanquishing  every  Ob 
stacle.  

Washington's  genius  for  details  and  keen  solici 
tude  for  the  comfort  of  his  soldiers  are  disclosed 
on  almost  every  page.  Here  are  extracts  from 
the  orders  of  January  l 

"  As  this  day  begins  the  new  year  the  General 
orders  a  gill  of  spirits  to  be  issued  to  each  non 
commissioned  Officer  and  Soldier."  Thereafter, 
however,  a  spirit  ration  was  to  be  issued  only 
upon  "  general  or  special  orders  from  Head  Quar 
ters." 

"  The  commanding  officer  of  each  Regiment  is  to 
give  in  a  return  at  Orderly  time  to-morrow  of  the 
number  of  tailors  in  the  Regiment  he  commands, 
and  no  more  cloathing  to  be  made  for  the  use  of 
any  Regiment  but  by  a  pattern  which  will  be  fur 
nished  them.  A  considerable  number  of  Froes  and 
some  Axxes  are  ready  to  be  issued  at  the  Quarter 
Master's  stores."  "  Hutts"  were  to  be  built  to 
shelter  the  half-naked  and  barefooted  troops,  and 
"  Froes  and  Axxes"  were  welcome.  On  January 
5,  "  Commissaries  are  without  delay  to  provide 
soap  to  be  issued  to  the  troops ;  soft  soap  is  to  be 
procured  if  hard  soap  cannot  be  obtained." 

On  January  6  Regimental  Surgeons  are  ordered 
to  report  to  Dr.  Cochran,  the  Surgeon-General, 
**  all  men  in  their  Regiments  who  have  not  had  .the 
Small  Pox.  They  will  also  call  on  Dr.  Cochran 
for  what  sulphur  they  need  for  the  use  of  their 
Regiments." 

The  Soap  supply  was  still  inadequate  on  Jan 
uary  12,  and  the  Brigade  Quartermasters  were 
directed  M  to  fix  upon  a  plan  for  collecting  all  the 
dirty  tallow,  and  saving  the  ashes  for  the  purpose 
of  making  soft  soap  for  the  use  of  the  Army ;  and 
also  to  boil  out  the  oil  from  the  feet  of  the 
bullocks  and  preserve  it  for  the  use  of  the  Arms." 


On  January  13,  "The  Commander-in-Chief  is 
surprised  to  hear  that  the  butchers  have  extorted 
money  from  the  Soldiers  for  the  plucks  of  beef— 
The  Commissaries  are  therefore  directed  to  issue 
the  head  and  pluck  together  at  8  pounds,  and  the 
Quarter  Masters  are  to  see  that  the  different  Com 
panies  draw  it  in  turn." 

On  January  15,  "  The  Quarter  Master  General  is 
positively  ordered  to  provide  Straw  for  the  use  of 
the  Troops,  and  the  Surgeons  to  see  that  the  Sick 
when  they  arc  removed  to  the  hutts  assigned  for 
hospitals  are  plentifully  supplied  with  this  Arti 
cle." 

It  was  mid-winter,  and  many  of  the  men  were 
still  unshod,  and  under  date  of  January  16  is 
found  this  entry :  "  Brigade  Commanders  are  to 
meet  this  evening  at  General  Varnum's  Quarters 
to  consult  and  agree  upon  proper  and  speedy  meas 
ures  to  exchange  raw  hides  for  Shoes." 

From  am  entry  dated  January  18,  the  problem 
seems  to  have  been  settled  as  follows:  "Hides 
to  be  sent  to  the  country  in  charge  of  an  officer  of 
each  Brigade  to  be  exchanged  for  Shoes ;  Hides  at 
4d.  per  pound  for  shoes  at  10s.  per  pair." 

On  June  21,  when  the  Army  halted  at  Caryell's 
Ferry,  on  its  march  toward  Monmouth  battle-field, 
these  entries  appear:.  "  A  gill  of  Spirits  per  man 
to  be  issued  to  the  Troops  this  day.  *  *  *  No 
men  are  to  be  permitted  to  bathe  until  sunset." 

On  June  22,  Commanders  of 'Companies  are  or 
dered  "  to  see  that  their  men  fill  their  canteemg 
before  they  begin  the  march,  that  they  may  not  be 
under  the  necessity  of  running  to  every  Spring, 
and  injuring  themselves  by  drinking  cold  water 
when  heated  with  marching." 

At  Brunswick,  where  the  Army  lay  for  several 
days  after  the  victory  at  Monmouth,  this  entry  is 
made  July  2  :  "  The  men  are  to  wash  and  cleanse 
themselves;  they  are  to  be  conducted  to  bathe  in 
Squads  by  n on-Commissioned  Officers,  who  are  to 
prevent  their  bathing  in  the  heat  of  the  day,  or  re 
maining  too  long  in  the  water." 


Washington  looked  carefully  after  the  morals 
of  his  Army,  and  gaming  and  duelling  met  with 
severe  reprobation  and  punishment  at  his  hands. 
In  disapproving  the  recommendation  to  mercy  by 
a  Court-Martial,  which  had  convicted  an  officer  of 
gambling,  he  took  pains  to  say  that  that  was  the 
main  ground  of  his  action.  In  that  dreary  winter 
at  Valley  Forge  many  of  the  officers  and  men  re 
sorted  to  gambling  for  excitement.  The  vice  be 
came  so  prevalent  that  on  January  8  this  order 
was  issued : 

The  Commander-in-Chief  is  informed  that  gam 
ing  is  again  creeping  into  the  Army;  in  a  more 
especial  manner  among  the  lower  Staff  in  the  en 
virons  of  the  Camp.  He,  therefore,  in  the  most 
solemn  terms  declares  that  this  Vice  in  either 
Officer  or  Soldier  shall  not,  when  detected,  escape 
exemplary  punishment;  and  to  avoid  discrimina 
tion  between  play  and  gaming  forbids  Cards  and 
Dice  under  any  pretence  whatsoever. 

Washington  apparently  drew  a  broad  distinction 
between  card-playimg  and  lottery-drawings,  for  on 
Monday,  April  27,  this  appeared  in  general  orders 
of  the  day : 

A  few  Continental  Lottery  Tickets  to  be  sold  at 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


115 


the  Orderly  Office.     The  drawing  of  the  Lottery 
will  commence  the  first  of  next  month. 

In  the  Revolutionary  Army,  as  well  as  in  mod 
ern  armies,  the  quartermaster  and  the  commissary 
needs d  a  good  deal  of  watching.  When  one  was 
convicted  of  dishonesty  he  found  no  mercy  at 
Washington's  hands.  On  January  5,  he  approved 
the  sentence  of  a  Court-Martial  in  the  case  of  Den- 
ham  Ford,  a  Commissary  in  General  Greene's  Di 
vision,  who  had  been  convicted  of  theft.  Ford's 
sentence  was : 

To  pay  Mr.  Spencer  amd  Mr.  Holliway  two  hun 
dred  dollars,  and  that  after  he  shall  procure  a  cer 
tificate  from  the  aforesaid  Gentlemen  of  the  pay 
ment  of  the  above  sum,  he  shall  be  brought  from 
the  Provost  Guard,  mounted  on  a  horse  back  fore 
most,  without  a  saddle,  his  coat  turned  wrong  side 
out,  his  hands  tied  behind  him,  and  be  drummed 
out  of  the  Army  (nevermore  to  return)  by  all  the 
drums  of  the  division  to  which  he  belongs,  and 
that  the  above  sentence  be  published  in  the  News 
Papers. 

On  January  11,  he  approved  the  sentence  of 
dishonorable  dismissal  in  the  case  of  Quartermas 
ter  John  Rea,  6th  Penn.  Regiment,  convipted  of 
"  i/audulent  practices."  Two  days  later,  in  the 
case  of  Lieutenant  Joseph  Fish,  of  Colonel  Dur, 
kee's  Regiment,  who  was  convicted  of  "  Squander 
ing  away  public  stores,"  and  sentenced  "  to  return 
the  stores  so  Squandered  (being  a  firelock)  into 
the  public  Store,  to  forfeit  all  his  pay,  and  to  be 
dismissed  from  the  Service,"  General  Washington 
remitted  the  forfeiture  of  pay,  but  confirmed  the 
remainder  of  the  sentence. 

The  language  of  a  sentence  set  forth  in  orders 
under  date  of  January  17  indicates  that  it  was 
inspired  by  a  just  amount  of  indignation,  which 
was  shared  by  the  Commander-in-Chief.  Here  it 
is: 

Captain  Lambeith,  of  14th  Virginia  Regiment, 
tryed  for  stealing  a  hat  from  Captain  Ellis,  was 
found  guilty  and  unanimously  sentenced  to  be 
cashiered  and  deemed  Scandalous  in  an  officer  to 
associate  with  him  in  future,  and  that  his  Crime, 
Name,  place  of  Abode  and  punishment  be  published 
in  and  about  Camp  and  in  the  News  Papers  of 
every  State,  particularly  the  State  he  belongs  to, 
and  that  he  pay  Captain  Ellis  thirty  dollars  for  the 
hat  he  stole  of  him,  also  the  expenses  of  the  wit 
nesses  against  him,  and  the  expense  of  an  Express 
sent  for  the  witnesses,  which  shall  be  paid  before 
he  is  released  from  his  confinement.  The  Com- 
mamder-in-Chief  approves  the  sentence  and  orders 
it  to  take  place  immediately. 

Under  date  of  February  8  appears  the  record  in 
the  case  of  Lieutenant  Grey,  who  was  convicted 
of  "  theft,  absence  without  leave,  and  other  be 
haviour  unbecoming  the  character  of  an  officer 
and  gentleman,  associating  with  a  soldier— robbing 
and  infamously  stealing."  The  sentence  of  Lieu 
tenant  Grey  was : 

To  have  his  sword  broken  over  his  head  on  the 
grand  parade  at  guard  mounting,  that  he  be  dis 
charged  the  Regiment,  and  rendered  incapable  of 
serving  any  more  as  an  officer  in  the  Army,  and 
that  it  be  esteemed  a  crime  of  the  blackest  Dye  in 
an  officer  or  even  Soldier  to  associate  with  him 
after  the  execution  of  this  just,  though  mild  pun 
ishment. 

His  Excellency  the  Commander-in-Chief  ap 
proves  the  Sentence  and  orders  it  to  be  put  in  Exe 
cution  to-morrow  morning  at  guard  mounting. 

The  "  just  though  mild  punishment"  of  Lieu 
tenant  Grey  was  more  severe  than  that  inflicted 
upon  Lieutenant  Austin  Aid  en,  of  Colonel  Brew 


er's  Regiment,  who  for  "  taking  Jack  Brown's  al 
lowance  of  whiskey  and  drinking  it,  and  refusing 
to  pay  for  it,"  was  cashiered  on  February  17;  or 
that  of  Lieutenant  William  Williams,  10th  Va. 
Regiment,  who,  for  "  buying  a  pair  of  Continental 
shoes  of  a  soldier,  and  thereby  rendering  the  sol 
dier  unfit  for  service,"  was  dishonorably  dismissed 
the  service  on  February  6. 


The  non-observance  of  Sunday  by  the  officers 
and  soldiers  under  his  command  appears  to  have 
given  Washington  much  concern,  and  on  Satur 
day,  May  2,  he  issued  this  order: 

The  Commander-in-Chief  directs  that  divine 
service  be  performed  every  Sunday  at  11  o'clock 
in  those  Brigades  to  which  there  are  Chaplains— 
those  which  have  none  to  attend  the  places  of 
worship  nearest  to  them— it  is  expected  that  Officers 
of  all  Ranks  will  by  their  attendance  set  an 
Example  to  their  men.  While  we  are  zealously 
performing  the  duties  of  good  Citizens  and 
Soldiers,  we  certainly  ought  not  to  be  inattentive 
to  the  higher  duties  of  Religion.  To  the  dis 
tinguished  Character  of  Patriot  it  should  be  our 
highest  Glory  to  add  the  more  distinguished  Char 
acter  of  Christian.  The  Signal  Instances  of  provi 
dential  Goodness  which  we  have  experienced,  and 
which  have  now  almost  crowned  our  labors  with 
complete  success,  demand  from  us  in  a  peculiar 
manner  the  warmest  returns  of  Gratitude  and 
Piety  to  the  Supreme  Author  of  all  Good. 

After  orders  May  2  1778: 

No  fatigue  parties  to  be  employed  on  Sunday 
until  further  orders. 

"Independence  Day,"  1778,  was  celebrated  by 
Washington  and  his  Army  with  unusual  enthusi 
asm.  Only  a  week  before  they  had  won  the 
victory  of  Monmouth,  and  officers  and  men  were 
in  high  spirits.  It  would  have  been  a  great  day 
indeed  had  not  the  means  at  command  been  so 
inadequate.  Ammunition  was  as  scarce  as  it  was 
precious  and  the  firing  of  thirteen  cannon  in 
honor  of  the  day  was  of  itself  a  matter  of  grave 
consideration.  The  powder  was  needed  to  send 
missiles  after  Clinton's  retreating  army.  When 
it  came  to  the  firing  of  musketry  by  the  entire 
army  the  problem  was  still  more  serious,  but  the 
difficulty  was  overcome — and  in  a  manner  which 
shows  the  pitiful  straits  to  which  the  Patriot 
Army  was  reduced.  The  orders  for  the  occasion 
were  as  follows : 

Brunswick  Landing,  July  3,  1778.-To-momw 
the  anniversary  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence  will  be  celebrated  by  the  firing  of  thirteen 
pieces  of  cannon,  and  a  leu  de  joie  of  the  whole 

line The  soldiers  are  to  adorn  their 

hats  with  green  boughs  and  to  make  the  best 
appearance  possible.  Double  allowance  of  rum 
will  be  served  out. 

On  the  following  day  the  order  was  repeated  in 
greater  detail.  As  no  blank  cartridges  were  to  be 
had,  and  lead  was  precious,  the  men  were  in- 
structed  to  select  the  "  worst  cartridges,"  and  after 
removing  the  bullets  to  use  the  blanks  for  the 
salute.  Although  it  was  a  day  of  rejoicing,  the 
court-martial  appointed  two  days  before  to  try 
Major-General  Charles  Lee,  for  his  misconduct  in 
the  battle  of  Monmouth,  was  directed  to  con 
tinue  in  session.  The  sharp  edge  of  Washington's 
wrath  was  not  yet  blunted.  The  last  order  of 
the  day  read  as  follows : 

The  Commander-in-Chief  presents  his  compli- 
ments  to  the  general  officers  and  oilicers  command, 
ing  brigades,  the  Commissary,  Muster  Master 
and  Judge  Advocate  Generals,  with  the  Surgeon. 
General  of  the  Hospital  and  desires  the  pleasure 
of  their  company  to  dine  with  him  at  3  o'clock 
this  afternoon. 


116 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


SHOWS  OF  OTHER  DAYS. 


NEW-YORK     HAS     DISTINGUISHED     ITSELF 
BEFORE. 


THE    GEEAT    CELEBRATION    OF    THE    ADOPTION 

OP      THE      CONSTITT7HON-WHAT      OUR 

GRANDFATHERS  COULD  DO  IN 

THE    SHOW    LINE. 

Grandfather  is  ninety,^  but  he  reads  his  news 
papers  without  spectacles,  and  says  this  is  be 
cause  he  has  always  smoked  very  strong  cigars, 
and  has  not  forgotten  in  sixty  years  to  take  a 
thimbleful  of  whiskey  every  night  before  going 
to  bed.  Grandfather,  as  you  may  infer,  is  lively 
yet,  and  it  is  a  family  tradition  that  about 
1820  he  was  one  of  the  gayest  bucks  on  Pearl-st. 
We  were  all  paying  him  our  regular  Sunday 
morning  visit.  There  were  four  generations  of 
us— father,  who  is  a  stout  old  gentleman  now  of 
sixty-five,  and  I,  who  have  reached  the  point 
where,  by  turning  my  head  a  little,  I  can  look 
back  at  thirty-five,  and  my  boy  Dave,  twelve 
years  old,  who  is  the  gravest  one  of  the  lot,  of 
course. 

The  old  man  had  been  reading  a  good  deal 
about  the  Centennial,  and  was  rather  scornful. 
M  You  may  talk,"  said  he,  "  of  your  land  parade 
and  your  water  parade,  but  I  don't  believe 
they  will  approach  the  two  big  shows  I  can  remem 
ber." 

"  Which  were  those  ?"   I  asked. 

11  Why,  the  great  procession,  when  the  Constitu 
tion  was  adopted,"  said  he.  "  and  the  water  parade 
and  procession  when  the  Erie  Canal  opened." 

"  Come,'  come,  grandfather,"  said  father,  laugh 
ing,  "  you  can't  remember  when  the  Constitution 
was  adopted.  That  was  102  years  ago." 

Grandfather  laughed.  "  I  have  got  a  pretty 
good  memory,"  said  he,  "  but  it  does  not  go 
as  far  back  as  that,  does  it?  But  I  have  heard 
my  father  tell  about  it  so  often  that  I  feel  as  if 
I  had  been  there.  Dave,"  said  he.  to  the  boy, 
"  get  Mrs.  Lamb's  History  of  New-York  off  the 
third  shelf  there,  and  find  the  celebration  of  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution.  That  gives  a  lot 
of  details  I  should  forget."  Dave  is  proud  of  his 
ability  to  use  an  index,  and  pored  earnestly  over 
the  page. 

"  You  see,"  Grandfather  went  on,  M  .ten  States 
had  adopted  the  Constitution,  and  it  was  sure 
to  go  into  effect.  It  only  needed  nine.  But  the 
New-York  convention  hadn't  voted  yet.  The 
politicians  were  quarrelling  over  it  at  Poughkeep- 
sie.  You  complain  of  your  politicians — you  ought 
to  have  seen  some  of  ours  I  Such  scamps  I  It 
looked  as  if  there  was  danger  New- York  might 
not  come  into  the  Union,  so  it  was  thought  a 
big  demonstration  of  the  feeling  here  in  New- 
York  would  influence  those  fellows  at  Pough- 
keepsie.  It  was  a  grand  affair.  Your  procession 
will  have  more  people  in  it,  but  it  won't  be  as 
handsome,"  and  the  old  gentleman  shook  his 
head  with  great  positiveness.  "  Major  L'Enfant, 
who  afterward  laid  out  the  city  of  Washington, 


you  know,  arranged  it."  The  old  man  took  the 
book.  "Yes,  July  23,  1788.  There,  Dave,  read 
mo  that." 

The  morning  was  ushered  in  by  a  salute  of  thir 
teen  guns  from  the  Federal  ship  Hamilton,  moored  off 
the  Bowling  Green.  This  vessel  had  been  built  for 
the  occasion  and  presented  by  the  ship  carpenters. 
It  was  equipped  as  a  frigate  of  thirty-two  guns, 
twenty-seven  feet  keel  and  ten  feet  beam,  with 
everything  complete  in  proportion,  both  in  hull  and 
rigging,  and  was  manned  with  upward  of  thirty  sailors 
and  a  full  complement  of  officers,  under  command  oi 
the  veteran  Commodore  James  Nicholson.  It  was 
drawn  through  the  streets  by  ten  beautiful  horses. 

The  procession  was  formed  upon  a  scale  of  vasi 
magnitude,  and  it  being  the  first  of  the  kind  in  New- 
York— or  in  America— which  nothing  since  has  ex 
celled  in  magnificence  of  design  or  splendor  of  ef 
fect 

"  No,  nor  will  very  soon,"  said  grandfather. 
a  brief  outline  of  its  principal  features  will  viv 
idly  illustrate  the  spirit  of  the  ago.  It  was  marshalled 
in  ten  divisions,  in  honor  of  the  ten  States  that  had 
already  acceded  to  the  Constitution.  The  Grand 
Marshal  was  Colonel  Richard  Platt.  His  associate 
officers  were  Morgan  Lewis— 

"  Afterward  G  i-verncr" 

Nicholas  Fish 

"  Yes,  Colonel  Fish,  father  of  Hamilton,  who 
will  preside  at  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House  ban 
quet.  Hamilton  is  a  nice  boy." 

Dave  continued: 

Aquila  Giles,  James  Falrlie,  William  Popham  and 
Abljah  Hammond. 

First  came  an  escort  of  light-horse  preceded  by 
trumpeters  and  a  body  of  artillery  with  a  field-piece. 
Then  foresters  with  axes,  preceding  and  following 
Christopher  Columbus  on  horseback.  Farmers  came 
next,  Nicholas  Cruger 

"  One  of  the  Crugers,  you  know." 

In  farmer's  costume,  conducting  a  plough  drawn 

by  three  yoke  of  oxen.  John  Watts,  also  in  farmer's 
dress,  guided  a  harrow  drawn  by  oxen  and  horses, 
followed  by  a  number  of  gentlemen  farmers  carrying 
Implements  of  husbandry.  A  newly-Invented  thresh 
ing-machine  was  manipulated  by  Baron  Pollnltz  and 
other  gentlemen  farmers  in  farmers'  garb,  grinding 
and  threshing  grain  as  they  passed  along.  Mounted 
upon  a  fine  gray  horse,  elegantly  caparisoned,  and 
led  by  two  colored  men  in  white  Oriental  dresses 
and  turbans,  Anthony  Walton  White  bore  the  arms 
of  the  United  States  in  sculpture,  preceding  the  So 
ciety  of  the  Cincinnati  in  full  military  uniform.  Gar 
deners  followed  in  green  aprons,  with  the  tools  of 
their  trade ;  and  then  the  tailors,  attended  by  a  band 
of  music,  making  a  brilliant  display.  The  measurers 
of  grain  were  headed  by  James  Van  Dyke,  their  ban 
ner  representing  the  measures  used  in  their  business, 
with  the  lines: 

"  Federal  measures,  and  measures  true, 
Shall  measure  out  Justice  to  us  and  to  you." 
The  bakers   were   headed   by   John   Quackenboss    and 
Frederick    Stymetz.        Ten    apprentices,    dressed    in 
white  with  blue  sashes,   each  carrying  a  large   rose 
decorated  with  ribbons,   and   ten  journeymen  in  like 
costume,  carrying  implements  of  the  craft,  were  fol 
lowed  by  a  large  platform  mounted  on  wheels,  drawn 
by  ten  bay  horses,  bearing  the  "  Federal  Loaf,"   into 
which  was  baked  a  whole  barrel  of  flour,  and  labelled 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


117 


with  the  names  in  full  length  of  the  ten  States  that 
had  ratified  the  Constitution.  Their  banner  repre 
sented  the  decline  of  trade  under  the  old  confedera 
tion.  The  brewers  paraded  horses  and  drays,  with 
hogsheads  ornamented  with  hop- vines  and  barley. 
Upon  the  first,  mounted  on  a  tun  of  ale,  was  a  beau 
tiful  boy  of  eight  years.  In  close-fitting  flesh-colored 
silk,  representing  Bacchus,  with  a  silver  goblet  in 
his  hand. 

Grandfather  was  triumphant.  "  Do  you  think 
your  procession,"  said  he,  "  will  show  anything 
finer  than  that?  Go  on.  Dave." 

The  second  divsiion  was  headed  by  the  coopers, 
led  by  Peter  Stoutenburg.  Thirteen  apprentices,  each 
thirteen  years  of  age 

"  Very  little  superstition,  you  see;  among  the 
coopers." 

dressed  In  white  shirts  and  trousers,  with  green 

ribbons  on  their  ankles,  carried  kegs  under  their 
left  arms.  They  were  followed  by  forty-two  more 
in  white  leathern  aprons,  with  green  oak  branches  in 
their  hats,  and  white  oak  branches  In  their  right 
hands ;  upon  a  car  drawn  by  four  bay  horses  decorated 
with  green  ribbons  and  oak  branches  were  coopers 
at  work,  under  John  Post,  as  boss,  upon  an  old 
cask,  the  staves  of  which  all  their  skill  could  not 
keep  together;  and,  In  apparent  despair  at  their 
repeated  failures,  they  suddenly  betook  themselves 
to  the  construction  of  a  new,  fine,  tight,  Iron-bound 
keg,  which  bore  the  name  of  the  "  New  Constitution." 
Butchers  followed  with  a  car  drawn  by  four  horses, 
each  mounted  by  a  boy  dressed  in  white,  upon  which 
was  a  stall  neatly  furnished,  and  butchers  and  boys 
busily  at  work;  It  also  bore  a  fine  buUock,  of  a 
thousand  pounds  weight,  which  was  presented  to 
the  committee  by  the  butchers,  and  roasted  on  the 
ground  during  the  afternoon.  This  car  was  followed 
by  one  hundred  of  the  trade,  in  clean  white  aprons. 
The  banners  were  carried  by  William  Wright  and 
John  Perrln.  The  tanners  and  curriers  carried  a 
picturesque  emblem,  with  the  motto,  "  By  union 
we  rise  to  splendor."  The  skinners,  leather-breeches 
makers  and  glovers  were  dressed  in  buckskin  waist 
coats,  breeches,,  gloves  and  garters— with  bucks'  tails 
in  their  hats.  James  Mott  was  the  standard-bearer, 
their  motto  being,  "  Americans,  encourage  your  own 
manufactures."  To  these  William  C.  Thompson,  the 
parchment  manufacturer,  attached  himself,  with  a 
standard  of  parchment  inscribed  "American  manu 
factured."  The  third  division  was  happily  and  in 
geniously  conceived,  and  most  effective  in  the  novelty 
of  Its  display;  the  cordwainers  led,  headed  by  James 
McCready,  bearing  a  flag  with  the  arms  of  the  craft, 
Inscribed  "Federal  Cordwainers,"  followed  by  twelve 
masters;  then  came  the  car  of  the  Sons  of  St.  Crispin, 
drawn  by  four  milk-white  horses,  with  postilions 
In  livery,  upon  which  was  a  shop,  with  ten  men 
diligently  at  work;  in  the  rear  of  the  main  body 
of  340  workmen,  Anthony  Bolton  bore 
a  similar  flag  to  the  one  In  front.  The  fourth 
division  began  with  the  carpenters,  who  numbered, 
altogether,  upward  of  two  hundred;  each  carried  a 
rule  In  his  hand,  and  a  scale  and  dividers  hung  from 
his  neck  with  a  blue  ribbon.  The  furriers  attracted 
much  attention,  their  leader  bearing  a  white  bear-skin; 
he  was  followed  by  an  Indian  In  native  costume, 
loaded  with  furs,  notwithstanding  it  was  one  of  the 
hottest  days  In  July ;  a  procession  of  workmen,  clad 
in  fur-trimmed  garments,  and  a  horse  led  by  an 
Indian  in  a  beaver  blanket,  with  two  bears  sitting 
upon  packs  of  furs  upon  his  back,  terminated  tbe 


show,  together  with  the  unique  figure  i-f  one  of  the 
principal  men,  dressed  in  a  superb  scarlet  blanket, 
wearing  an  elegant  cap  and  plumes,  and  smoking  a 
tomahawk  pipe. 

"  Doesn't  it  tell  there,"  asked  Grandfather, 
"  about  the  blacksmiths  and  nailers,  who  made  a 
complete,  anchor  on  their  stage  during  the  march  ?* 

"Ye-s,"   said  Dave. 

"  And  what  was  their  motto  ?" 

"  Forge  me  strong,  finish  me  neat; 
I  soon  shall  moor  a  Federal  fleet" 

"  And  what  was  it  the  stonemasons  had  ?" 

The  boy  read: 

"  The  stonemasons  displayed  a  Temple  of  Fame,  sup- 
ported  by  thirteen  pillars,  ten  finished  and  three  un 
finished,  with  the  inscription: 

"  The  foundation  Is  firm,  the  materials  are  good ; 

Each  pillar's  cemented  with  patriots'  blood." 

"  Yes,"  said  Grandfather,  "  there  was  a  great 
deal  more  of  the  same  sort,  but  read  now  about 
the  ship  Hamilton." 

The  boy  read: 

But  by  far  the  most  imposing  part  of  the  gorgeous 
pageant  was  the  Federal  ship  with  Hamilton's  name 
emblazoned  upon  each  side  of  it,  heading  the  seventh 
division,  Its  crew  going  through  every  nautical  prepara 
tion  and  movement  for  storms,  calms  and  squalls,  as  It 
moved  slowly  through  the  streets;  when  abreast 
Beaver-st.,  the  proper  signal  for  a  pilot  brought  a  pilot 
boat,  eighteen  feet  long,  upon  a  wagon  drawn  by  a  pair 
of  horses,  from  its  harbor  to  the  ship's  weather  quarter, 
and  a  pilot  was  received  on  board ;  when  opposite 
Bowling  Green  the  President  and  members  of  Congress 
were  discovered  standing  upon  the  fort,  and  the  ship 
Instantly  brought  to  and  fired  a  salute  of  thirteen  guns, 
followed  by  three  cheers,  which  were  returned  by  the 
Congressional  dignitaries.  When  in  front  of  the  house 
of  William  Constable,  In  Peaii-st.,  Mrs.  Edgar  came  to 
the  window  and  presented  the  ship  with  a  suit  of 
colors.  V,'hile  abreast  of  Old  Slip,  the  Spanish  Govern 
ment  vessel  saluted  the  Hamilton  with  thirteen  guns, 
which  was  returned  with  as  much  promptness  as 
though  actually  a  ship  of  war  upon  the  high  seas. 
The  Marine  Society  followed  In  the  wake  of  the  pilot- 
boat,  the  president  wearing  a  gold  anchor  at  his  left 
breast.  The  printers,  book-binders  and  stationers  came 
next,  preceded  by  Hugh  Gaine  and  Samuel  Loudon  on 
horseback.  Upon  a  stage,  drawn  by  four  horses,  was  a 
printing  press,  with  compositors  and  pressmen  at  work, 
several  hundred  copies  of  a  song  written  by  Duer  being 
struck  off  and  distributed  among  the  crowd  during  the 
march.  .  .  - 

Every  class  of  the  population  participated  In  this 
remarkable  procession.  In  the  ninth  division  maiohed 
the  Judges  and  lawyers  In  their  robes,  preceded  by  the 
sheriff  and  coroner;  John  Lawrence,  John  Cozine,  and 
Robert  Troupe  bore  the  new  Constitution  elegantly 
engrossed  on  vellum,  and  ten  students  of  law  followed, 
bearing  In  order  the  ratifications  of  the  ten  States. 
The  Philological  Society,  headed  by  Its  president, 
Joslah  Ogden  Hoffman,  came  next,  the  standard,  with 
Its  arms,  borne  by  William  Dunlap;  Noah  Webster, 
the  great  American  lexicographer,  was  In  the  pro 
cession.  The  Regents  of  the  University,  and  the 
president,  professors  and  students  of  Columbia  Col 
lege,  all  In  their  Academic  dresses,  next  appeared, 
their  banner  emblematical  of  science.  Then  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  merchants  and  traders,  John 
Broome,  president  of  the  Chamber,  and  William  Max- 


118 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


well,  vice-president  of  the  Bank  of  New-York,  In  a 
chariot,  and  William  Laight  on  horseback  bearing 
a  standard  with  thirteen  stars  about  an  oval  field, 
and  Mercury  surrounded  by  emblems  of  commerce  sup 
porting  the  arms  of  the  oity.  The  tenth  division 
embraced  clergymen,  physicians,  scholars,  gentlemen 
and  strangers,  preceded  by  a  blue  flag  with  the  motto, 
"  United  we  stand,  divided  we  fall."  In  the  rear  of 
the  whole  was  a  detachment  of  artillery.  .  .  . 

The  city  was  pervaded  by  a  singular  stillness  as  the 
novel  procession  moved  along  its  chief  streets— watched 
by  multitudes  even  to  the  housetops— no  sounds  be 
ing  heard  save  that  of  horses'  hoofs,  carriage  wheels, 
and  the  necessary  salutes  and  signals.  It  disappeared 
beyond  the  trees  and  over  the  hills  toward  Canal-st. 
and  Broadway,  the  point  where  the  Lutheran  Church 
had  been  offered  a  plot  of  six  acres,  which  the  trustees 
decided  "  inexpedient  to  accept  as  a  gift,  since  the 
land  was  not  worth  fencing  In." 

"  And  now  people  are  killing  one  another  to  get 
claims  in  Oklahoma!" 

The  line  was  over  a  mile  and  a  half  long,  and  con 
tained  more  than  5,000  persons.  A  great  banquet 
had  been  prepared  at  the  Bayard  country-seat,  near 
Grand-si,  beneath  a  rustic  pavilion  temple,  and  the 
ship  Hamilton  clewed  her  topsails  and  came  to  anchor 
In  fine  style.  Tables  were  spread  for  6,000  persons, 
the  President  and  members  of  Congress  and  other  dis 
tinguished  personages  occupying  one  In  the  centre,  ele 
vated  a  little  above  the  others.  Above  their  heads  the 
pavilion  terminated  In  a  dome  surmounted  by  a  figure 
of  Fame,  with  her  trumpet,  proclaiming  a  new  era.  and 
holding  a  scroll  emblamatlc  of  the  three  great  epochs 
of  the  War:  "Independence,  Alliance  with  France,  and 
Peace."  The  colors  of  the  different  nations  who  had 
formed  treaties  with  the  Unlted'states,  and  escutcheons 
Inscribed  with  the  names  of  the  ten  States  which  had 
ratified  the  Constitution,  added  greatly  to  the  brilliancy 
of  the  scene.  At  4  o'clock  a  salute  of  thirteen  guns 
gave  the  signal  for  return  to  the  city.  The  march 
occupied  somewhat  over  an  hour.  At  half  past  5  the 
ship  Hamilton  anchored  once  more  at  Bowling  Green, 
amidst  the  acclamations  of  thousands.  In  the  even 
ing  there  was  a  display  of  fireworks  under  the  direc 
tion  of  Colonel  Bauman,  city  postmaster  and  com 
mander  of  artillery,  «  whose  constitutional  Irascibility," 
writes  President  Duer,  "  was  exceedingly  provoked  by 
the  moon,  which  shone  with  pertinacious  brilliancy, 
as  If  In  mockery  of  his  feebler  lights." 

On  the  following  Saturday,  about  9  o'clock  In  the 
evening,  news  reached  the  city  of  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution  by  the  Convention  at  Poughkeepsie  on 
Thursday. 

"  It  took  us  two  days  to  get  the  news,  you  see," 
said  Grandfather.  "  So  much  for  the  celebration 
of  the  Constitution.  Now  find  the  celebration  of 
the  opening  of  the  Erie  Canal."  Dave  read 
slowly  and  carefully: 

Buffalo  was  intensely  excited  on  the  morning  of  the 
26th  of  October,  1825.  At  10  o'clock  precisely  the 
waters  of  Lake  Erie  were  admitted  into  the  canal,  and 
the  news  was  transmitted  to  New-Yorlt  City  in  an 
hour  and  thirty  minutes  by  the  discharge  of  cannons 
posted  along  the  route  at  Intervals;  New. York  re 
plied  in  the  same  manner,  the  sounds  occupying  a 
similar1  length  of  time  In  passing  through  the  air  to 
Buffalo. 

"Three  hours  from  Buffalo  to  New- York  and 
back,"  said  Grandfather.  "  What  with  delnys  and 
messenger  boys,  you  don't  do  any  better  than  that 
now." 


The  canal-boat  Seneca  Chief  led  off  in  fine  style, 
drawn  by  four  gray  horses  fancifully  caparisoned. 
Governor  Clinton,  Lleutenant-Governor  James  Tall- 
niadge,  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer,  the  Patroon,  Gen 
eral  Solomon  Van  Rensselaer,  Jacob  Rutsen  Van 
Rensselaer,  Colonel  William  L,  Stone,  the  delegation 
from  New-York  City,  and  numerous  invited  guests 
formed  tho  travelling  party.  One  of  the  canal  boats, 
Noah's  Ark,  was  a  novelty.  Its  cargo  was  like  that 
of  its  namesake  of  old,  having  on  board  two 
eagles,  a  bear,  two  fawns,  and  a  variety 
of  other  "birds,  beasts  and  creeping 
things,"  with  two  Indian  boys  In  the  dress  of  their 
nation— all  products  of  the  great  uncivilized  West. 
Each  boat  was  gorgeously  decorated.  Along  the  entire 
route  to  Albany,  day  and  night,  the  inhabitants  were 
assembled  to  greet  the  travellers.  As  the  flotilla 
crossed  the  Genesee  River  at  Rochester,  by  a  stone 
acqueduct  of  nine  arches,  each  of  fifty  feet  span,  it 
was  hailed  from  a  little  boat  stationed  ostensibly  "  to 
protect  the  entrance"  with,  "Who  comes  hero?" 
"  Your  brothers  from  the  West,  on  the  waters  of  the 
Great  Lakes,"  was  the  quick  reply.  "  By  what  means 
have  they  been  diverted  so  far  from  their  natural 
course?"  continued  the  questioner.  "Through  the 
channel  of  the  grand  Erie  Canal."  "  By  whose  au 
thority,  and  by  whom,  was  a  work  of  suqh  magni 
tude  accomplished?"  was  asked.  "By  the  authority 
and  by  the  enterprise  of  the  people  of  the  State  of 
New- York,"  cried  a  chorus  of  voices  from  the  Seneca 
Chief;  and  the  pert  little  craft  gave  way,  and  the 
boats  proudly  entered  the  spacious  basin  at  the 
end  of  the  aqueduct,  welcomed  with  a  salute  of 
artillery  and  tiio  most  uproarious  applause,  the  com 
mittees  standing  under  an  arch  surmounted  by  an 
eagle,  and  an  immense  concourse  of  people  extending 
as  far  as  the  eye  should  reach  ou  every  side. 

"  Yes,  that  was  the  way  it  was  all  along  the 
canal  and  down  the  Hudson  River  to  New- York. 
Now  read  about  tiie  celebration  here." 

The  sun  rose  in  a  ciear  sky  on  the  morning  of  the 
4:bh  of  .November,  and  iSew-lork  City  was  awakened 
at  its  rising  by  tne  ringing  of  bells,  martial  music,  and 
the  thunder  of  cauuon.  'i'he  fleet  with  its  illustrious 
passengers  had  arrived.  The  committee  of  recep 
tion  from  the  Common  Council  weut  out  upon  the 
Washington  to  meet  the  guests;  this  new  and 
handsome  steamboat  bore  the  banner  of  the  corpo 
ration,  and  when  within  hailing  distance  of  the 
Seneca  Chief,  inquired  where  sac  was  froiu,  aud 
what  was  her  destination.  The  reply  caine  ring.ug 
over  the  waters,  '•  From  Lake  Erie,  and  bound  for 
Bandy  Hook."  A  few  moments  later  the  gentlemen 
stood  in  tho  presence  of  the  Governor,  aud  Alder 
man  Coudrey  performed  his  duty  in  a  graceful  and 
appropriate  speech  of  welcome. 

The  aquatic  procession,  comprising  twenty-nine 
steam  vessels,  besides  ships,  schooners,  barges,  canal- 
boats,  and  other  craft,  moved  toward  tho  ocean  at 
9  o'clock.  The  Washington  took  the  lead,  bear 
ing  tho  Mayor  and  corporation  of  New-York,  the 
clergy,  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  army  and  navy 
officers,  foreign  magnates,  and  other  distinguished 
guests.  Tho  ship  Hamlet,  diessed  for  the  occas  on 
with  the  flags  of  all  nations,  and  crowded  with  maiiue 
and  nautical  societies,  was  taken  in  tow  by  the 
Oliver  Ellsworth.  The  safety  barges  Lady  Clin 
ton  and  Lady  Van  Rensselaer  were  attached  to 
the  steamboat  Commerce,  and  crowded  with  ladies 
in  elegant  costumes.  The  former,  glared  by  the 
presence  of  Mrs.  Clinton,  was  superbly  decorated  from 
stem  to  stern  with  evergreens  hung  in  festoons,  and 
intertwined  with  bright-colored  flowers.  Tho  British 
armed  vessels  in  the  harbor  saluted  and  cheered  the 
squadron,  which  immediately  passed  round  them  in 
a  circle,  the  bands  playing  «  God  Save  tho  King,"  in 
courteous  response  to  "  Yankeo  Doodle"  from  the 
British  musicians.  The  military  and  the  forts  sa 
luted  the  vessels  as  they  passed.  The  pageant  was 
the  most  magnificent  which  America,  and  perhaps 
the  world,  had  ever  beheld.  It  was  like  a  bewilder 
ing  fairy  scene.  On  reaching  the  ocean  a  National 
schooner,  sent,  down  the  night  before  for  the  pur 
pose  appeared  as  a  "deputation  from  Neptune."  to 
know  who  the  visitors  were,  and  the  object  of  their 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


119 


coming.  The  whole  fleet  then  formed  a  circle  of 
about  three  miles  In  circumference. 

The  Seneca  Chief  bore  two  elegant  kegs  filled  with 
Lake  Erie  water,  painted  green  with  gilded  hoops,  and 
adorned  with  devices  and  Inscriptions.  Clinton 

"  How  they  cheered  him  I  You  see,  the  politi 
cians  had  turned  him  out  of  the  Canal  Coinmis- 
Bionership,  although  he  was  the  father  of  the  canal. 
But  the  people  took  him  up  and  made  him  Gov 
ernor." 

lifled  one  of  these  kegs  high  In  the  air,  and  In 

full  view  of  the  assembled  multitude  poured  Its  con 
tents  Into  the  briny  ocean,  saying:  '•  ThU  solemnity 
at  this  place,  on  the  first  arrival  of  vessels  from  Lake 
Erie,  is  Intended  to  Indicate  and  commemorate  the 
navigable  communication  which  has  been  accomplished 
between  our  mediterranean  seas  and  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  In  about  eight  years,  to  the  extent  of  more  than 
425  miles,  by  the  wisdom,  public  spirit  and  energy  of 
the  people  of  the  State  of  New-York ;  and  may  the  God 
of  the  heavens  and  the  earth  smile  most  propitiously  on 
this  work  and  render  it  subservient  to  the  best  interests 
of  the  human  race."  .... 

The  marvellous  order  attending  the  magical  move 
ments  of  the  fleet  was  the  source  of  unceasing  delight 
to  the  spectators  upon  the  shores.  Steamboats,  canal- 
boats,  pilot-boats,  ships  and  barges  were  thrown  at 
pleasure  into  squadron  or  line,  Into  curves  or  circles, 
by  pre-arranged  signals.  Reaching  the  Battery  about 
half-past  2  In  the  afternoon,  the  corporation  and  guests 
were  received  by  an  immenso  procession  flvo  miles  lone, 
which  had  been  parading  the  streets  since  10  o'clock 
in  the  morning,  and  thence  proceeded  to  the  City  Hall. 
The  procession  was  fashioned  after  the  great  Federal 
pageant  of  1788,  embracing  all  the  various  societies 
and  industries  of  the  city— Including  fifty-nine  different 
bodies  of  men.  Bands  of  music  were  In  scarlet  and 
gold,  and  enormous  cars  or  stages  were  fitted  up  in 
the  most  ingenious  and  umquo  manner.  Four  beauti 
ful  gray  horses  drew  the  tin-plate  workers'  and  copper 
smiths'  car,  bearing  the  five  double  locks  at  Lockport, 
represented  in  copper,  with  boats  ascending  and 
descending  through  the  locks  continually  as  the  pro 
cession  moved ;  twenty-four  tm  stars  on  each  side  of 
the  locks  represented  the  States  of  the  Union. 

"  Yes,  and  after  that  there  were  some  of  the 
finest  fireworks  I  ever  saw,  and  the  next  day  a 
great  dinner  on  board  the  Chancellor  Livingston, 
and  on  Monday,  the  7th  of  November,  a  great 
ball,  where  there  were  3,000  people  present.  I 
didn't  go  to  bed  at  all  that  night,  and  I've  never 
regretted  it,"  said  the  old  man  humorously. 

"  But  you  must  come  and  see  our  parade,  Grand 
father,"  said  I,  "  You  know  we  have  got  a  window 
for  you."  "  O,  I'll  come,"  said  he  carelessly — 
"  There'll  be  a  lot  of  people,  of  course,  but  it 
won't  have  the  tone  our  celebration  had  r  D.  L. 

WASHINGTON  AS  A  POET. 


AN    EXACT   COPY    OF   HIS    ONLY    POEM. 

A  young  lady  upon  whom  the  great  Washing 
ton  in  his  youth  looked  with  somewhat  tender 
approval  was  Miss  Gary.  To  her  he  wrote  his 
only  poem,  the  MS.  of  which  now  reposes  in  the 
State  Department  at  Washington.  The  following: 
is  an  exact  copy  of  this  poem,  punctuation,  capitals 
and  all : 

Oh    Ye    Gods    why   should   my   Poor,     Resistless 
Heart 

Stand  to  approve  thy  Might  and  Power, 
At  .Last  surrender  to  Cupids  feather'd  Dart 

And  now  lays  Bleeding  every  Hour 
For  her  that's  Pityle^s  of  my  grief  and  Woes 

And  will  not  on  me  Pity  take 
Tie  sleep  amongst  my  most  inveterate  Foes 

And  with  gladness  never  wish  to  wake 
In  deluding  sleepings  let  my  Eyelids  close 

That  in  an  enraptured  Dream  1  may 
In  a  soft  lulling  slee  p  and  gentle  repose 

Possess  those  joys  denied  by  Day. 


TO  G.    W. 


(A  few  familiar  rhymes  by  a  bard  whose  bump  of  rev 
erence  possibly  is  not  well  developed.) 

Could  you  this  gala  week  return  to  us, 

The  while  your  praises  thunder, 
Would  all  the  varied  feathers  and  the  fuss 

Appeal  to  you,  I  wonder? 

You'd  note  the  proofs  displayed  on  every  side, 

In  each  glad  flag  and  banner, 
•rhat  you  were  still  the  country's  joy  and  pride. 

Loved  in  the  old  fond  manner. 

But  would  that  please  your  mighty  soul— to  know 

You  hold  your  old  position; 
Or  did  you  tire,  many  moons  ago 

Of  human  recognition  1 

Would  not  amazement  kindle  in  your  eye 

Hearing  the  hatchet  story, 
And  learning  thus  not  e'en  one  whitest  lie 

Alloys  your  crown  of  glory? 

Would  not  your  heart  where  anger  never  raged, 

Which  ne'er  could  malice  stir, 
Have  sore  deplored  the  battle  lately  waged 

'Gainst  Ward  McAllister? 

You  first  in  peace  had  calmed  that  civic  broil 

And  made  all  hearts  feel  merry, 
Disseminating  streams  of  soothing  oil 

On  Ward  and  Fish  and  Gerry  I 

Don't  miss  the  Ball ;  with  what  a  mighty  thrill 

Of  deep,  tumultous  pleasure, 
We'd  mark  you  lead  that  famous  first  quadrille, 

And  tread  a  stately  measure  1 

What  Joy  to  see  you  dance  and  thus  to  know 

You're  no  abstraction  frigid,— 
O,  why  did  history  ever  draw  you  so, 

Like  to  some  ramrod  rigid? 

Don't  miss  the  Banquet;  thy  beloved  name 

Shall  ring  with  every  beaker, 
And  with  resistless  eloquence  Inflame 

Each  after-dinner  speaker  1 

Don't  miss  the  Banquet ;  be  it  ours  to  see, 

O  favorite  son  of  glory, 
Your  august  lips  quite  puckered  up  with  glee 

O'er  Chauncey's  latest  story  ! 

Don't  miss  the  Stands  ;  look  close  and  you  shall  see 

Crowds  of  each  age  and  station, 
Who  graft  their  names  on  thy  ancestral  tree, 

And  hall  you  blood  relation  1 

Don't  miss  the  Soldiers ;  they  revere  in  you 

The  country's  great  defender. 
Command  once  more,  lead  on  the  brave  and  true 

Who  die,  but  ne'er  surrender  1 

Don't  miss  Centennial RTeek;  come  baclc,come  now, 

O  father  of  the  Nation, 
To  whom  the  world  forevennore  shall  bow 

In  love  and  admiration  1 


120 


THE  WASHINGTON  CENTENARY. 


THE    "PRESIDENT'S    MARCH"  OF  A     HUNDRED    YEARS    AGO. 


From  the  Franklin  Square  Song  Collection.    Copyright ;  1888  :  By  J.  P.  McCaskey. 
Spirited     I          It       i  i 

— S-^-W-1  :==^=x^-f— +-  M     ^     >  T  *-i ^ — J-v-i^S — ! 


1798.  Hail,  Co-lum-bia!  hap- py  land,    Hail,  ye  heroes,  heav'n-born  band,  Who  fought  and  bled    in 

1 .  Look  our  ransomed  shores  around,  Peace  and  safe-ty    we  have  found !  Welcome,  friends  who  once 

2.  Graven  deep  with  edge  of  steel,  Crowned  with  Victory's  crimson  seal,  All    the  world  their  names 

3.  Hail,  Co-lum-bia !  strong  and  free,  Throned  in  hearts  from  sea  to  sea !    Thy  march   tri-umph  -  ant 


freedom's  cause,  Who  fought  and  bled  ia  freedom's  cause,  And  when  the  storm  of  war  was  gone  En  - 
were       foes!     Welcome,  friends  who  once  were  foes,    To  all  the  conquering  years  have  gained, — A 
shall       read!        All  the  world  their  names  shall  read,     Enrolled  with  his,  the  Chief  that  led  The 
still  pur-sue !      Thy  march  triumphant  still  pur  -  sue       With  peaceful  stride  from  zone  to  zone  Till 

£••£•£: 

H — ^—-   .»- .+.  -0.  _^_ 


joy'd  the  peace  your  val  -or  won.  Let  in  -  de-pendence  be  our  boast, 
na  -  tion's  rights,  a  race  unchained!  Children  of  the  day  new-born, 
hosts,  whose  blood  for  us  was  shed.  Pay  our  sires  their  children's  debt, 
Free-  dom  finds  the  world  her  own!  Blest  in  Union's  ho  -  ly  ties, 


Ev  -  er  mind-ful 
Mind-ful  of  its 
Love  and  hon  -  or, 
Let  our  grateful 


wat        cos  ;  v  -  er  grae  -  u  or        e  prze,           e         s    a     -    ar 

glorious  morn,  Let    the  pledge  our  Fath-  ers  signed,     Heart  to  heart    for 

nor    for  -get  On-  ]y    Un  -  ion's  gold-  en    key        Guards  the  ark       of 

song   a  -rise,  —  Ev-ery  voice    its  trib-ute  lend,  —   All      in    lov  -  ing 


reach  the  skies. 
-  ev  -  er    bind! 
Lib-er    -    ty ! 
cho  -  rus  blend ! 


798.  Firm,        u  -  ni    -    ted,      let      us       be,         Ral    -    ly     -    ing  round    our      lib  -   er     -     ty, 
1-3).  While      the  stars       of     heaven  shall  burn,     While  the         o  -  cean     tides         re      -     turn, 


mm 


m 


1 — t 


S=9 


As        a      band     of        broth  -  ers     join'd,     Peace    and      safe    -    ty      we     shall    find. 
Ev   -  er     may      the         circ  -  ling    sun          Find      the      Ma    -    ny     still      are     One! 

-    '    -        -  '^e—^-^f-^ 

— * *        P— FP ff £ 

1» UL p r  • 


I  Hi;     WASHINGTON     CENTENARY. 


121 


SONS  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 


AN  IMPORTANT  PART  IN  THE  CELEBRATION 
PLAYED  BY  THEM. 

AMONG    THE    ORIGINATORS    OF    THE    CELEBRA 
TION—THEY    ESCORT     THE     PRESIDENT-ON 
THE     COMMITTEES— HISTORY     OP     THE 
NEW- YORK   SOCIETY. 

The  New-York  Society  of 
Sons  of  the  Revolution  had 
the  honor  of  playing  two 
separate  and  important  parts 
in  the  Centennial  Celebra 
tion.  They  were  among 
those  who  originated  the 
movement  for  the  celebra 
tion  itself;  and  to  them  fell 
the  pleasant  duty  of  receiv- 
SEAL  OF  THE  SOCIETY.  in,j  tue  President  of  the 
United  States  when  he  landed  at 
Wall-st.  on  April  29  and  of  escorting 
him  to  the  Equitable  Building.  They  occupied 
the  place  of  honor  in  the  procession  that  day. 
Mustering  about  250  men,  they  marched  in  com 
panies  of  twelve,  single  rank,  just  ahead  of  the 
carriages  containing  the  Presidential  party,  and 
presented  a  striking  appearance.  Many  of  the 
arrangements  for  the  celebration  were  also  in 
their  hands.  This  right  was  peculiarly  theirs. 
Their  ancestors  had  had  the  distinction  of  taking 
part  in  the  work  of  forming  the  new  Republic 
&nd  winning  its  independence;  and  it  was  litting 
that  the  descendants  should  be  connected,  not 
only  with  the  early  preparations  for  the  Cen 
tennial,  but  the  celebration  itself. 

The  New-York  Society  of  Sons  of  the  Revolu 
tion  was  formed  December  4,  1883,  at  Fraurioe's 
Tavern,  corner  of  Broad  and  Pearl  sts.,  New- York 
City,  in  the  very  room  in  which  Washington  had 
bidden  farewell  to  his  officers  a  hundred  years 
before.  The  active  founders  of  the  association 
were  John  Cochrane,  Austin  Huntington,  Fred 
erick  S.  Tallmadge,  Asa  Bird  Gardiner,  John 
Austin  Stevens,  George  H.  Potts,  George  W.  W. 
Houghton,  Thomas  H.  Edsall,  Joseph  W.  Drexel, 
James  Mortimer  Montgomery,  James  Duane  Liv 
ingston  and  Alexander  R.  Thompson,  jr.  These 
men,  with  a  number  of  others,  had  taken  part  in 
the  celebration  of  Evacuation  Day  on  November 
24,  1883,  and  the  formation  of  a  society  of  de 
scendants  of  the  Revolution  by  them  grew  in 
part  out  of  that  celebration.  The  first  officers 
of  the  society  were: 

President— John  Austin  Stevens. 
Vice-President—John  Cochrane. 
Secretary— Austin  Huntington. 
Treasurer— George  H.  Potts. 
The  objects  were  stated  as  follows : 
"  To  perpetuate  the  memory  of  the  men  who,  in 
military,  naval  or  civil  service,  by  their  acts  or 
counsel,  achieved  American  independence ;  to  pro 
mote  the  proper  celebration  of  the  anniversaries 
of  Washington's  birthday,  the  battles  of  Lexington 
and  Bunker  Hill,  the  Fourth  of  July,  the  evacua 
tion  of  New- York  by  the  British,  and  other  prom 
inent  events  relating  to  or  connected  with  the  war 
of  the  Revolution ;  to  collect  and  secure  for  preser 
vation  the  manuscript  rolls,  records  and  other  doc 
uments  relating  to  the  war  of  the  Revolution;  to 
inspire  among  the  members   of  the  society  aJnd 
their  descendants  the  patriotic  spirit  of  their  fore 
fathers,  and  to  promote  social  intercourse  and  the 
feeling  of  fellowship  among  its  members." 

To  be  eligible  to  membership,  an  applicant  was 
required  to  be  a  male  above  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years,  descended  from  an  ancestor  who,  either  as 
military  or  naval  officer,  soldier,  sailor,  or  as  an 
official  in  the  service  of  any  one  of  the  thirteen 


original  Colonies  or  Slates  or  of  the  National  Gov 
ernment,  assisted  in  establishing  American  inde 
pendence  during  the  war  of  the  Revolution. 

The  early  jwith  of  the  society  was  not  entirely 
strewn  with  roses.  Members  were  somewhat  few, 
and  there  was  much  work  to  be  done  iu  establish 
ing  the  organization  on  a  firm  basis.  From  the 
first,  however,  a  keen  interest  was  stimulated 
among  those  devoted  to  the  objects  of  the  society 
by  means  of  frequent  meetings  and  pleasant  social 
Intercourse.  Anniversaries  were  numerous,  and 
evening  receptions  and  dinners  were  given  at  Del- 
monico's  each  year  on  April  1«J,  Lexington  Day; 
June  1 7,  Bunker  Hill  Day ;  on  December  4  and 
February  22.  The  society  was  regularly  jn.cor- 
poratedMay  3,  1884. 

The  centennial  spirit  was  strong  in  the  new  soci 
ety,  and  an  important  step  was  soon  taken.  At  one 
of  the  society's  dinners,  on  February  21,  1885,  a 
resolution  was  offered  by  William  O.  McDowell,  for 
a  committee  of  five  on  a  celebration  of  the  Cen 
tennial  of  Washington's  inauguration.  William  O. 
McDowell,  George  Wilson,  G.  W.  W.  Houghton, 
W.  R.  Thompson  and  Frederick  T.  Huntington  were 
appointed  the  committee.  This  action  was  re 
scinded  at  a  regular  meeting  on  March  3,  and  the 
following  resolution,  offered  by  James  M.  Mont 
gomery,  wras  adopted: 

"  Resolved,  That  a  Committee  of  Thirteen,  of 
which  the  president  of  this  society  shall  be  chair 
man,  be  appointed  to  consider  and  report  a  plan 
for  the  Centennial  celebration  of  the  inauguration 
of  George  Washington,  in  Federal  Hall,  this  city, 
on  the  30th  April,  1789,  as  the  First  President  of 
the  United  States." 

The  committee  was  as  follows:  Frederick  S. 
TaiUmadge,  tehairman;  Jame*,  Mortimer  Montr- 
gomery,  secretary;  John  Austin  Stevens,  James 
Du-vne  Livingston,  George  Clinton  Genet,  Floyd 
ClarksoTi,  John  C.  Tomlinson,  Clifford  Stanley 
Sims,  William  Waldorf  Astor,  John  Jay  Pierre- 
pont,  Henry  W.  Le  Roy,  Frederick  A.  Benjamin, 
Charles  A.  Coe,  Elbridge  T.  Gerry. 

When  the  Committee  of  Citizens  met  in  the 
City  Hall,  December  7,  1887,  the  Committee  of 
the  Sons  of  the  Revolution  was,  with  similar 
committees  from  the  Historical  Society  and  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  incorporated  into  the 
•Citizenjs';  Committteeu  About  thirty-five  mem 
bers  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution  were  upon  the 
Committee  of  Two  Hundred,  and  the  society  had 
more  than  half  of  the  chairmanships  and  secretary 
ships  of  the  sub-committees. 

The  enterprise,  modestly  conceived  at 
first,  both  by  the  Historical  Society 
(See  pajre  2  of  this  volume)  and  by  the  "  Sons 
of  the  Revolution,"  grew  in  magnitude,  as  pop 
ular  interest  was  awakened,  until  it  finally  be 
came  the  greatest  public  demonstration  ever  seen  in 
America,  excepting:  only  the  grand  review  of  the. 
Union  armies  which  closed  the  Civil  War. 

Prosperity  came  to  the  New-York  society  within 
a  very  few 'years  after  its  organization.  The  ex- 
cellence  of  its  objects  and  the  high  standing  of  its 
leading  members  led  to  continual  applications 
for  admissions  to  its  ranks.  The  society  now  has 
460  members  upon  its  rolls,  with  twenty-five  men 
on  the  waiting  list.  The  credentials,  record  and 
history  of  every  applicant  are  carefully  examined 
by  the  secretary,  Mr.  J.  M.  Montgomery.  The 
society  is  founded  on  a  broad  basis,  but  it  compels 
every  applicant  to  show  clearly  his  descent  from 
a  soldier,  sailor  or  civil  official  of  the  American 
Revolution  before  he  is  admitted  to  the  order. 
The  present  officers  are:  President,  Frederick 
S.  Tallmadge;  vice-president,  Floyd 
son;  secretary,  James  Mortimer  Montgomery; 
treasurer,  Arthur  Melvin  Hatch:  registrar,  Asa 
Coolidge  Warren:  historian.  Austin  Huntington; 
managers,  John  B.  Ireland,  George  Clinton  Genet, 
Henry  W  Le  Roy,  Francis  Lnthrop,  John  C.  Jay, 
the  Rev.  Brockholst  Morgan,  William  Gaston  Ham- 
ilton,  Asa  Bird  Gardiner  and  John  J.  Riker. 

Mr.  Tallmadge  has  been  president  since  the  first, 
year. 


THE    WASHINGTON    CENTENARY. 


The  New-York  "  Sons  of  the  Revolution"  were 
closely  connected  with  the  raising  of  the  fund  for 
the  Bartholdi  monument  of  k<  Liberty  Enlightening 
the  World"  and  took  an  active  part  in  awakening 
public  interest  in  that  enterprise.  While  still  a- 
struggling  society  with  less  than  twenty  mem 
bers,  a  committee  ol  three  was  appointed  to  see 
what  could  be  done  toward  making  the  pedestal 
fund  a  success.  This  committee  consisted  of  W. 
O.  McDowell,  George  W.  W.  UoUghton  and  Aus 
tin  Hunting-ton.  When  these  gentlemen  called  da 
the  American  committee,  they  had  passed  a  resolu 
tion  to  stop  work  pn  the  pedestal,  and  they  only 
agreed  to  rescind  it  from  day  to  day  upon  the  rais 
ing  of  the  cost  of  each  day's  work,  about  S3 60. 
The  committee  appealed  to  the  country,  got  the 
President  of  the  United  States  to  head  the  National 
subscription  with  a  dollar,  nationalized  the  work, 
made  small  subscriptions  respectable,  and  worked 
the  ground  thoroughly.  The  co-operation  of  it 
newspaper  became  essential,  and  the  work  was 
then  taken  up  by  the  press. 

The  scheme  now  attracting  the  main  attention 
of 'the  members  of  the  New-York  society  is  the 
erection  of  a  statue  to  Nathan  Hale.  A  site  has 
already  been  secured  in  the  northwest  corner  of 
City  Hall  Park,  and  lively  progress  in  the  under 
taking  is  only  awaiting  the  choice  of  a  satisfactory 
design.  Already  $3,500  has  been  raised,  although 
no  systematic  plan  of  getting  contributions  has  been 
undertaken.  Nothing  further  will  be  done  in  this 
direction  until  something  delinite  is  known  about 
a  design. 

Besides  the  monument  fund  there  is  a  building 
fund  of  $2,000  and  another  for  the  assistance  of 
needy  members.  The  money  for  this  last  is  sup 
plied  from  initiation  fees.  It  is  the  purpose  of  the 
society,  however,  to  avoid  undertakings  not  allied 
in  character  with  that  of  the  plan  for  a  monument 
to  Nathan  Hale. 

There  is  being  collected  by  the  society  a  number 
of  interesting  documents,  all  of  historic  value,  and 
it  is  expected  that  when  a  permanent  house  has 
been  secured  many  more  will  be  given  to  the 
society  or  deposited  there  for  safe  keep 
ing,  A  medal  has  already  been  struck 
off,  and  diplomas  on  parchment  are  now 
being  made  for  the  members.  Mr.  Mont 
gomery,  the  secretary,  is  engaged  in  the  laborious 
task  of  getting  together  a  record  of  the  services 
of  the  ancestors  of  every  member  for  publication 
in  book  form.  This  work  requires  a  vast  amount 
of  research  in  public  and  private  libraries,  as  well 
as  the  assistance  of  the  members  with  the  docu 
ments  and  records  they  may  possess. 

Several  badges  have  been  adopted  by  the  New- 
York  society  since  its  organization.  The  first  was 
a  small  enamelled  gold  pin.  The  second  was  a  larger 
one.  The  latest  is  pendant  from  a  ribbon  of  dark 
blue,  edged  with  buff  (the  colors  of  the  Revolution 
ary  Army  uniform),and  consists  of  a  gold  medallion, 
elliptical  in  form,  surmounted  by  a  gold  eagle  with 
wings  displayed  inverted.  On  the  obverse  side  of 
the  medallion  is  a  soldier  in  Continental  uniform 
with  musket  slung,  and  beneath  him  the  figures 
"  1776,"  the  whole  being  surrounded  by  thirteen 
raised  gold  stars  of  five  points  upon  a  border  of 
dark-blue  enamel.  On  the  reverse  side  of  the 
medallion  is  the  face  of  Washington,  after  Houdin, 
encircled  by  the  legend.  "  Sons  of  the  Revolution." 


A  NATIONAL  SOCIETY  FORMED. 

SOCIETIES  IN  THE  DIFFERENT  STATES,    AS  FAR 
AS  ORGANIZED. 

Societies  of  "  Sons  of  the  Revolution"  have 
sprung  into  existence  in  various  States,  in  re 
sponse  to  the  general  desire  felt  in  all  parts  of 
the  country  for  many  years  lor  an  organization 
which  would  aclmit  into  membership  the  de 
scendants  of  not  only  the  officers  of  the  American 
Revolution,  but  of  the  soldiers,  sailors  and  civil 
officials  who  took  an  active  part  in  bringing 
about  the  independence  of  the  country. 


The  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  now  greatly  re 
duced  in  numbers,  has  always  restricted  its  mem 
bership  to  oiMcers  of  the  Revolution  and  oldest 
sons  in  the  male  line:  and,  while  a  slight  tendency 
to  broaden  the  conditions  of  membership  has 
been  exhibited  within  the  past  few  years,  yet  the 
"  Cincinnati"  must,  in  the  nature  of  things,  al 
ways  remain  an  order  which  Avill  exclude  from 
membership  some  oi'  the  best  blood  in  the  United 
States. 

The  idea  of  a  society  broad  enough  to  take  in 
all  who  can  claim  descent  from  any  of  the  men 
who  took  an  active  part  in  achieving  American 
independence  h<>s  repeatedly  presented  itself  to 
patriotic  minds  in  different  parts  of  the  country. 

CALIFORNIA  LEADS. 

California  was  the  first  to  organize  a  society 
of  descendants  of  the  American  Revolution.  A 
celebration  of  the  centennial  of  the  Fourth  of 
July,  1776,  was  under  discussion  in  San  Fran 
cisco;  and  on  June  29,  1876,  the  following  call 
was  published  in  the  newspapers  of  that  city: 

"'Hie  descendants  of  the  Revolutionary  pa 
triots  are  requested  to  meet  at  the  headquarters 
of  the  Grand  Marshal,  at  No.  212  Kearney-st.,  at 
8  o'clock  this  evening,  for  the  purpose  of  making 
arrangements  to  participate  in  the  celebration." 

In  response  to  that  call  about  forty  men  as 
sembled  at  the  place  referred  to.  General  A, 
M.  Winn  presided,  and  L)r.  E.  L.  Willard  was 
chosen  secretary.  All  present  signed  the  roll. 
William  S.  Moses  was  chosen  marshal,  and  about 
eighty  members  marched  in  the  local  centennial 
parade,  July  4,  1876.  Among  them  were;  Colonel 
A.  A.  Andrews,  Asa  B.  Wells,  Warren  Holt, 
Phineas  U.  Blunt,  S.  B.  Leavitt,  Andrew  Duulap 
and  others,  some  of  them  eighty  years  of  a^e. 
After  the  parade  they  marched  to  the  Palace  Hotel 
and  partook  of  refreshments,  and  there  organized 
as  a  "  Society  of  Sons  of  Revolutionary  Sires," 
with  General  A.  M.  Winn  as  president.  Member 
ship  was  based  on  descent  from  "  the  patriots  who 
took  part  in  the  Revolution  against  the  English, 
which  resulted  in  the  surrender  of  Lord  Corn- 
wallis  at  Yorktown,  October  19,  1781,  and  the 
final  establishment  of  the  United  States  of  America 
as  a  Republic."  The  California  society  pros 
pered  greatly,  and  soon  after  its  birth  invited  the 
organization  of  societies  in  other  States. 

The  officers  of  the  Californian  organization  now 
are:  President,  Colonel  A.  S.  Hubbard :  vice- 
presidents,  Charles  James  King  and  David  Meeker : 
secretary,  Charles  H.  Graves;  treasurer,  James 
P.  Damron;  marshal,  William  Schnyler  Moses; 
chaplain,  Rev.  Charles  M.  Blake,  J.  S.  A. ;  Execu 
tive  Committee.  Colonel  Uriah  Wallace,  Colonel 
David  Wilder  and  Colonel  W.  B.  Eastin.  Hon. 
Caleb  T.  Fay,  Captain  A.  C.  Taylor  and  Loren 
Pickering  have  at  different  times  been  presidents 
of  the  society. 

NEW- YORK    NEXT. 

New-York  City  formed  the  second  society  in 
the  country,  December  4,  1883,  under  the  title 
ol  "  Sons  of  the  Revolution."  At  the  present 
time  this  is  the  largest  and  most  flourishing 
society  in  the  country.  Its  record  is  fully  pre 
sented  above. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

In  1888  a  society  was  organized  in  Phildel- 
phia  under  the  presidency  of  General  William 
Wayne,  a  grandson  of  General  Anthony  Wayne,  of 
the  Revelation. 

NEW-JERSEY    NEXT. 

New-Jersey  came  next,  with  a  society  which  was 
organized  March  7,  1889,  on  the  motion  of  the 
New- Jersey  members  of  the  New-York  society,  at 
the  Board  of  Trade  Rooms  in  the  city  of 
Newark.  Officers  were  elected  as  follows: 
iVice-president,  Alexander  Wilder,  Morristown; 
secretary,  J.  C.  Pumpelly,  Morristown:  treasurer,1 
Paul  Revere,  Morristown;  registrar,  John  Law 
rence  Boggs,  Newark ;  historian,  General  William 
S.  Stryker,  Trenton;  managers,  Samuel  Chase 


Till-;    WASHINGTON    CENTENAEY. 


123 


Coale,  of  liutiieri'ord ;  General  E.  Burd  Grubb,  ut' 
Kdgewater  Turk;  Julian  Hawthorn^,  ol  Scotch 
Plains;  Henry  VV.  lioweil,  ul  Eli/abHh  ;  William  (). 
McDowell,  of  Newark;  lieury  L.  JL'uUer,  ol  Liu- 
den;  August  Le  Fevre  Revere,  oi  Alorristown  :  Geu- 
crui  W.  b.  Stryker,  ol  Trenton;  C.  E.  McDowell,  oi 
Bloomfield;  J.  Frank  Lindley,  ui  Morristown,  :uui 
George  \\r.  Jones,  of  Newark. 

Subsequently  Governor  Robert  S.  (iicm,  of  Eliz 
abeth  was  elected  president,  and  December  20,  the 
anniversary  of  the  battle  ol  Trenton,  was  desig 
nated  as  the  time  lor  the  annual  meeting  and 
dinner. 

When  the  New-Jersey  society  was  organized  its 
members  were  strongly  impressed  with  the  impor 
tance  of  a  topic  which  had  long  been  discussed  in 
the  New-York  society,  viz. :  extension  of  the  order 
of  Sons  of  the  Revolution  all  over  the  United 
States.  At  the  original  meeting,  on  March  7,  the 
following  resolution  was  adopted: 

"  Whereas,  There  are  now  organized  Societies  of 
the  Sons  of  the  Devolution  in  the  States  of  New- 
York,  Pennsylvania  and  New- Jersey,  and 

"  Whereas,  It  is  desirable,  in  view  of  the  ap 
proaching  100th  anniversary  of  the  inauguration 
of  George  Washington  as  first  President  of  the 
United  States,  that  there  shall  be  sister  societies 
organized  in  every  State  and  Territpry  in  the 
Union,  particularly  in  the  thirteen  original  States, 
that  their  members  may  participate  in  this  Cen 
tennial  Celebration ; 

"  Resolved,  That  the  president  of  this  society, 
when  elected,  and  the  two  delegates  to  the  National 
society  are  hereby  appointed  a  committee  to  invite 
the  appointment  of  a  like  committee  from  tbe  New- 
York  and  Pennsylvania  societies  to  co-operate  with 
them  and  to  meet  with  the  descendants  of  Revolu 
tionary  ancestors  in  the  different  States  and  Terri 
tories  and  assist  in  organizing  societies  whose  mem 
berships  shall  be  composed  exclusively  of  descend 
ants  of  Revolutionary  statesmen,  soldiers  and 
sailors." 

William  O.  McDowell,  J.  C.  Pumpelly  and  Gen 
eral  W.  S.  Stryker  were  appointed  members  of 
this  committee  on  the  part  of  the  New- Jersey 
society.  The  Xew-York  society  was  not  at  the 
time  prepared  to  co-operate  -with  the  New-Jersey 
Sons,  owing  to  a  difference  of  view  as  to  the  status 
of  State  societies.  The  officers  of  the  New-York 
society  considered  it  desirable  that  the  different 
State 'societies  should  be  auxiliary  branohes  of  the 
New-York  society,  which,  having  amended  its  con 
stitution,  was  prepared  to  operate  as  a  National 
organization  pernptunl  in  duration  and  one  and  in 
divisible  in  membership,  but  with  branches  in  the 
several  States.  The  other  States  preferred  to  or- 
jmnizo  independent  or  sister  societies.  Owing  to 
this  difference  of  view,  and  to  a  desire  on  the  part 
of  the  New-York  Society  to  move  more  deliberately 
in  National  organization,  the  l^bor  of  National  or 
ganization  fell  entirely  upon  the  New- Jersey  com 
mittee. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Massachusetts  -was  prompt  to  respond  to  New- 
Jersey's  call.  March  30,  1889,  a  few  gentlemen 
met  at  the  State  House  in  Boston,  and  Mr.  Mc 
Dowell,  of  the  New- Jersey  committee,  explained 
the  objects  of  the  organization,  its  growth  in  his 
own  and  other  States,  and  so  impressed  the,  meet>- 
rag  with  the  importance  of  organizing  a  society  in 
the  Commonwealth  which  holds  Lexington,  Con 
cord  and  Bunker  Hill,  that  a  committee  was  ap 
pointed  to  arrange  for  a  general  meeting  of  the  de 
scendants  of  "  heroes  of  the  Revolution."  Such  a 
meeting  was  held  in  Tremont  Temple,  Boston, 
April  19,  in  response  to  a  call  signed  by  John 
Ouincy  Adams,  of  Quincy;  G.  W.  Brown,  of  Lex 
ington;  William  G.  Prescott,  of  Boston:  Nathan 
L.  Revere,  of  Worcester :  A.  A.  Stooker,  D.  D..  of 
Cambridge ;  Luther  L.  Tarbell.  of  Marlboro  :  John 
C.  Warren,  M.  D.,  of  Boston :  'Robert  C.  Winthrop, 
of  Boston  :  Andrew  H.  Ward,  of  Boston  :  and  Clar 
ence  S.  Ward,  of  Allston.  The  attendance  was 
large  and  the  meeting  enthusiastic.  There  were 


own  suns  of  Revolutionary  sires, 
grandsons,  great -gram  I  sons,  great  -^  rent- grandsons, 
uud  a  few  womrn  <lrs<:rn<lanth.  A  plan  ul  oruaiu- 
/.ation,  vviMi  .-oust  it  lit  ion  ;ind  by-laws,  was  nnani- 
imnislv  ailuplrtl,  and  ulli<-.-r>  circled  in  s'-r\  <•  until 
tin-  annual  inert  inn,  .June  17.  The  irr  h,r  mem 
bership  was  fixed  at  ?l,  annual  dues  at  S~.  Other 
matters  necessary  in  completing  the  organization 

\\ere  referred  to  tin1  Hoard  of  Ma,:ia -ers.  The 
managers  met  at  the  Quincy  House  April  '^4.  The 
Rev.  11.  S.  lluntiugton  was  elected  chaplain;  L.  L. 
Tarbell,  registrar;  and  J.  M.  Cashing,  u  director. 
The  following  is  the  complete  list  ol  oilier  is : 

President— Hon.  Chas.  H.  Sauiiders,  Cambridge. 

Vire-l'resident— Hon.  William  K.  Davenport, 
Marlboro. 

Sec'y  and   Treas.— Clarence    S.   Ward,  Allston. 

Registrar—Luther  L.  Tarln-11,  Marlboro. 

Historian— A.  A.  Stocker  M.  D.,  Cambridge. 

Chaplain— Rev.   H.   S.   Huntington,  Dorchester. 

Directors— John  L.  Stevensom,  Boston;  John  G. 
Crawford,  Clinton;  Joshua  M.  Gushing,  Duxbury; 
George  A.  Cotting,  Hudson;  William  II.  Pearson, 
IJ.islon  :  Nathan  L.  Revere,  Worcester;  lion.  Peter 
Fay,  Southboro;  Hon.  H.  H.  Coolidge,  Boston; 
Andrew  II.  Ward,  Boston;  Mark  J.  Folsom,  Cam 
bridge;  William  Barnes,  Marlboro;  William  B. 
Clarke,  Boston;  Calvin  T.  Ladd,  Dorchester;  A.  B. 
Frve,  Boston ;  George  W.  Brown,  Lexington. 

It  is  estimated  that  there  are  a  hundred  thou 
sand  men  in  Massachusetts  eligible  to  membership ; 
and  the  formation  of  auxiliary  "  Societies  of 
Daughters  of  the  Revolution"  is  under  discussion. 
The  first  celebration  by  the  Massachusetts  society 
wfil  be  on  the  1 7th  of  June  at  Lexington. 

VERMONT. 

Vermont  organized  a  society  at  Montpelier, 
April  3,  with  officers  as  follows:  President, 
Colonel  Edward  A.  Chittenden,  of  St.  Albaus ; 
vice-president,  Colonel  W.  Seward  Webb,  of  Shel- 
burne;  secretary,  Colonel  Charles  S.  Forbes,  of 
St.  Albans;  treasurer,  William  H.  Zottman,  of 
Burlington;  registrar,  Hiram  A.  Huse,  of  Mont 
pelier  ;  historian,  the  Rev.  Howard  F.  Hill,  of  Mont- 
pelier  ;  managers,  Governor  William  P.  Diilinghum, 
of  Waterbury;  William  A.  Chapin,  of  Middlesex; 
D  W.  Duon,  of  Grand  Isle:  G.  G.  Benedict,  of 
Burlington ;  Colonel  Levi  K.  Fuller  and  the  officers 
ex-officio.  CONNECTICUT. 

A  society  was  formed  in  the  State  of  Connecti 
cut  on  April  4,  at  a  meeting  of  about  forty 
gentlemen  at  the  State  Capitol  in  Hartford,  David 
Clark  presiding.  The  following  officers  were 
chosen:  President,  Lucius  P.  Deming,  of  New- 
Haven;  vice-president,  Jonathan  Trumbull,  of 
N7orwich;  secretary,  M,  H.  Whaples,  of  Hart 
ford;  treasurer,  R.  B.  Lacy,  of  Bridgeport:  regis 
trar  Jonathan  F.  Morris,  of  Hartford:  historian, 
Professor  C.  F.  Johnson,  of  Trinity  College :  man 
agers  S  R.  Hubbard,  of  Hartford :  F.  H.  Hart,  of 
New-Haven :  Sheldon  B.  Thorpe,  of  North-Haven : 
John  A.  Kellogg,  of  Waterbury ;  Dr.  R.  W.  Gris- 
wold,  of  Rocky  Hill:  Henry  B.  Jcnes,  of  New- 
Hartford;  Talmadge  Swift,  of  Warren;  James  A. 
Brown,  of  Stonington ;  F.  E.  Camp,  of  Middle- 
town:  L.  M.  Middlebrook,  of  Bridgeport,  and 
John  H.  Swartwout,  of  Stamford. 
MISSOURI. 

A  society  was  organized  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  on 
April  23,  in  response  to  a  call  issued  by  a  smal. 
preliminary  meeting  held  on  the  llth  of  the 
month.  OfFcers  were  elected  as  follows :  ™si. 
dent,  Josiah  Fogg;  vice-presidents,  M.  M  Yeakel, 
Charles  McLaren,  William  S.  Stamps  and  EC. 
Cabell;  secretary,  H.  J.  Bliss:  treasurer,  Dr. 
Charles  E.  Briggs;  executive  committee,  Gams 
Paddock,  Robert  B.  Clarke,  and  Charles  A.  Mantz. 

OTHER   STATES. 

As  a  further  result  of  the  work  of  the  New- 
Jersey  committee,  societies  have  been .organized 
in  South  Carolina,  Kentucky,  Illinois,  Ohio,  Mich 
igan,  New-Hampshire  and  Maryland. 


124 


THE    WASHINGTON    CENTENAEY. 


A  society  is  in  process  of  formation  in  Ala 
bama,  at  the  instance  of  the  following  committee 
of  residents  of  Birmingham:  Goldsmith  Bernard 
West,  John  Randolph  Bryan,  T.  C.  Bryan,  Will- 
iani  B.  Lightfoot  and  Dr.  John  Randolph  Page. 

Every  other  State  and  Territory  is  moving  in 
the  matter.  The  descendants  of  the  French  sol 
diers  that  aided  us  to  independence  are  also  or 
ganizing  the  French  Society  of  the  "Sons  of  the 
American  Revolution." 

NATIONAL   ORGANIZATION. 

A  National  organization  of  "  Sons  of  the  Amer 
ican  Revolution"  was  formed  in  New-York  City 
on  April  30  and  May  1,  1889—  the  seoond  and 
third  days  of  the  Centennial  Celebration. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  time  was  too  short 
to  complete  the  organizing  of  a  society  of  "  Sons 
of  the  Revolution"  in  every  State  and  Territory 
so  that  they  could  elect  delegates  to  this  meeting, 
it  had  been  decided  by  the  New-Jersey  Special 
Committee  to  request  the  Governor  of  every  State- 
and  Territory  in  which  a  society  of  the  "  Sons  of 
the  Revolution"  should  not  have  been  organized 
to  appoint  three  delegates,  descendants  of  Revolu 
tionary  ancestry,  to  represent  those  in  their  State 
entitled  to  membership  at  the  organization  of  the 
National  Society,  and  after  the  adjournment  to 
take  charge  of  organizing  their  State  societies. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  delegates  appointed 
to  attend  the  convention,  those  marked  with  a 
star  being  actually  present. 

New-Jersey.— W.  O.  McDowell,*  General  W.  S. 
Stryker  and  J.  C.  Pumpelly* ;  G.  B.  Hubbell  and 
Paul  Revere,*  alternates. 

California.— The  Hon.  Hamilton  Fish,  Colonel 
A.  S.  Hubbard,  Colonel  David  Wilder  and  Major 
G.  B.  Halstcd*;  General  R  B.  Hayes,  the  Hon. 
Clias.  H.  Denison  and  Chas.  J.  King,  alternates. 

Ohio.— W.  R  Parsons  and  Wilson  L.  Gill.* 

Connecticut.— The  Hon.  Lucius  P.  Deming,*  the 
Hon.  Samuel  E.  Merwin,  David  Clark,  F.  F.  Starr,* 
Franklin  H.  Hart,  and  the  Rev.  Timothy  Dwight, 

D.  D.,  LL.  D. 

Missouri.— Gaius  Paddock,*  and  Jared  Flagg. 

Delaware.— A.   J.  Woodman.* 

New-York.—  —  Luce.* 

West  Virginia.— The  Hon.  J.  B.  Jackson,  H.  S. 
Walker,  Bushrod  C.  Washington,  E.  W.  Wilson. 

Arkansas.— Colonel  Samuel  W.  Williams,  J.  H. 
Shinn,  James  Mitchell. 

Alabama.— Dr.  C.  C.  Page.* 

Vermont.— Hon.  L.  E.  Chittenden. 

Pennsylvania.— J.  G.  Leach.* 

Illinois.— General  George  B.  Abbott.* 

Massachusetts.— The  Hon.  C.  H.  Saunders,  the 
Hon.  Luther  L.  Tarbell,*  Clarence  F.  Ward*  and 
N.  C.  Upham.* 

New-Hampshire.— The  Hon.  Charles  R.  Mor 
rison,*  the  Hon.  H.  K.  Slayton*  and  Fred.  Leigh- 
ton.* 

South  Carolina.— Governor  J.  P.  Richardson, 
Hon.  Wade  Hampton,  Dr.  N.  N.  Tulley,  Colonel 
W.  McMaster,  N.  G.  Gonzales  and  G.  L.  Galloway.* 

Maryland.— The  Rev.  John  G.  Morris,  D.  D., 
Lieutenant  James  C.  Cresap,*  U.  S.  N.,  the  Hon. 

E.  W.  Lecompte. 

Indiana.— The  Hon.  John  C.  New,  H.  S.  New,  M. 
Merrill  and  Dr.  G.  W.  McConnell. 

Fourteen  States  were  represented  by  the  twenty- 
two  persons  actually  in  attendance.  The  first 
meeting  was  held  at  9  a.  m..,  April  30,  at  Fraunce's 
Tavern,  corner  of  Broad  and  Pearl  sts.,  in  the 
room  in  which  Washington  bade  farewell  to  his 
officers. 

The  Rev.  Timothy  Dwight,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  opened 
the  assembly  with  prayer,  and  W.  O.  McDowell, 
of  New-Jersey,  made  an  address  urging  the  neces 
sity  of  National  organization.  Brief  addresses 
were  made  b.v  other  delegates. 

L.  L.  Tarbell,  of  Massachusetts,  son  of  a  soldier 
of  the  Revolution,  declined  the  nomination  for 
chairman,  and  Mr.  McDowell  was  unanimously 
chosen  to  preside.  Lieutenant  J.  C.  Cresap, 


United  States  Navy,  of  Maryland,  was  made  sec 
retary. 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  frame  a  consti 
tution  and  by-laws  and  to  nominate  officers.  The 
committee  was  composed  of  the  chairman  ex-officio, 
and  one  delegate  from  each  State  society.  Mr. 
Tarbell  was  selected  as  chairman.  Awaiting  a 
report,  the  convention  adjourned  to  the  following 
day,  to  meet  at  the  Produce  Exchange,  where 
rooms  had  been  courteously  placed  at  its  disposal. 

The  convention  reassembled  May  1,  and  received 
the  committee's  report.  The  convention,  after 
mature  deliberation  upon  the  constitution  and 
by-laws,  formally  adopted  the  same.  Officers 
were  then  elected  as  follows  : 

President— The  Han.  Lucius  P.  Deming,  New- 
Haven,  Conn. 

Vice-President-at^Large— Mr.  William  O.  Mc 
Dowell,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Vice-Presi dents,  by  States— Colonel  A.  S.  Hub- 
bard,  San  Francisco,  Cal. ;  Governor  Simon  B. 
Buckner,  Frankfort,  Ky. ;  the  Hon.  Hamilton  Fish, 
New-York  City;  the  Hon.  J.  C.  Kinney,  Hartford, 
Conln. ;  the  Hon.  C.  H.  Denison,  Portland,  Me. ; 
the  Hon.  B.  C.  Washington,  Charleston,  W.  Va. ; 
Governor  D.  R.  Francis,  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  Colonel 
C.  Williams,  Little  Rock,  Ark.;  the  Hon.  Ben 
jamin  Harrison,  President  of  the  United  States, 
Indiana;  the  Hon.  G.  B.  West,  Birmingham, 
Ala. ;  Governor  Wade  Hampton,  Columbia,  S.  C. ; 
Governor  Robert  S.  Green,  Trenton,  N.  J. ;  the 
Rev.  John  G.  Morris,  D.  D.,  Baltimore,  Md. ; 
the  Hon.  L.  L.  Tarbell,  Marlboro,  Mass. ;  the 
Hon.  Rutherford  B.  Hayes,  Fremont,  Ohio ; 
Hon.  H.  K.  Slayton,  Manchester,  N.  H. ;  Mons.  de 
Lafayette,  Senateur,  Paris,  France;  Governor  W. 
P.  Dillingham,  Montpelier,  Vt. ;  Admiral  D.  D. 
Porter,  U.  S.  N.,  for  District  of  Columbia. 

Chaplain— The  Rev.  Timothy  Dwight,  D.  D.^ 
LL.  D.,  Yale  College. 

Secretary— Lieutenant  James  C.  Cresap,  U.  S. 
N.,  Annapolis,  Md.  • 

Assistant  Secretaries — Mr.  Charles  James  King» 
San  Francisco,  Cal. :  Mr.  G.  L.  Callaway,  Green 
ville,  S.  C. ;  Mr.  Wilson  L.  Gill,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Treasurer — Mr.  Gaius  Paddock,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Registrar— The  Hon.  Thomas  Marshall  Green, 
Maysville,  Ky. 

The  president,  vice-president-at-large  and  sec 
retary  were  authorized  to  add  vice-presidents  for 
other  States  as  fast  as  societies  are  organized  in 
other  States.  April  30  was  designated  as  the  date 
for  the  annual  meeting  of  the  National  Society,  a^id 
it  was  tacitly  agreed  that  the  annual  meeting  lor 
1890  shall  be  held  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  1891  in  Bos 
ton,  and  in  1892  in  New-York,  subject  to  action  of 
the  Board  of  Managers. 

Article  II  of  the  constitution  states  the  objects 
of  the  society  as  follows : 

"  The  purpose  of  this  society  is  to  keep  alive 
among  ourselves  and  our  descendants,  and  in  the 
community,  the  patriotic  spirit  of  the  men  who 
achieved  American  independence:  to  collect  and 
secure  for  preservation  the  manuscript  rolls, 
records  and  other  documents  relating  to  the  War 
of  the  Revolution,  and  to  promote  social  inter 
course  and  fellowship  among  its  members,  now 
and  hereafter." 

Membership  is  based  on  descent  from :  "  A 
military  or  a  naval  officer,  a  soldier  or  a  sailor, 
an  official  in  the  service  of  any  one  of  the  thirteen 
original  States  or  Colonies,  an  official  in  the 
service  of  the  United  States  or  Colonies." 

The  constitution  also  provides  for  Local  Organ 
izations  to  be  established  within  a  State  at  the 
discretion  of  the  State  society:  Co-equal  State  or 
ganizations,  to  be  composed  of  representatives  of 
the  local  organizations,  except  when  there  is 
only  one  society  in  a  State,  in  which  case  it 
shall  be  the  State  Society;  a  National  organiza 
tion,  to  be  composed  of  delegates  as  follows : 
The  president  of  each  State  society,  one  delegate- 
at-large  from  each  State,  and  one  delegate  for 
every  hundred  members  of  the  society  within  the 
State. 


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JANUARY,     -     -  _,.i0UNE  ALMANAC  FOR  1889. 

FEBRUARY,  -  -  -  THE  TRIBUNE  INDEX  FOR  1888. 
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(iaylord  Bros. 

Makers 

Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

PAT.  JAN.  21,1908 


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